倒装和分割结构 XtE O )
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为了强调句子的某些部分,或是为了保持句子平衡,英语中常常使用倒装。大体说来,倒装可以分为主谓倒装和非主谓倒装。主谓倒装里又分为完全倒装和部分倒装。在翻译的时候,既可以按照主谓语的顺序翻译,也可以按照字面意思翻译。非主谓倒装只是将强调部分前置,以保持句子平衡或是起强调作用。翻译时可以采用顺序译法或是倒序译法。 KO/#t~
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1. For example, they do not compensate for social inequality, and thus do not tell how able an underprivileged youngster might have been had he grown up under more favorable circumstances. G
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分析:本句中 had he grown up under more favorable circumstances 属于部分倒装。正常语序为: if he had grown up under more favorable circumstances 。在正式文体中,可以将虚拟条件句中的 if 省略,并将助动词提前。 ti 3S'K0t
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译文:例如,它们(指测试)并不弥补社会的不公,因此不能说明一个贫困青年,要是在比较有利的境况下长大,会有多大才干。 p} JGx^X~
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2. Nonstop waves of immigrants played a role, too and so did bigger crops of babies as yesterday’s “baby boom” generation reached its child-bearing years. WqS$C;]%
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分析:该句中 so did bigger crops of babies 属于语法倒装。用 so 来代替前述肯定句谓语部分所说情况。 cEn|Q
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译文:不间断的移民浪潮也起了作用 —— 而且随着昔日在 “ 生育高峰期 ” 出生的一代人达到生育年龄,婴儿的出生数量增加了,这同样起了作用。 1/syzH
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3. Much as I have traveled, I have never seen anyone to equal her in thoroughness, whatever the job. zn0%%x+!g
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分析:该句的 Much as I have traveled 是一个由 as 引导的让步状语从句。相当于 though I have traveled much ,但语气要比后者强。这种结构要求部分倒装。 A'"J'q*t
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译文:我虽然见多识广,但还从未见过比她细心的人,不管什么职业。 xgtx5tg
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4. Only when you have acquired a good knowledge of grammar can you write correctly.
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分析:相信大家对这种结构都不陌生。 Only 后加副词、介词、状语从句时要用部分倒装。但是要注意的是,如果 only 修饰的不是状语,则不用倒装。 V2:S
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译文:只有很好地掌握了语法知识,写出来的东西才会正确。 fp`m>}
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5. Nowhere do 1980 census statistics dramatize more the American search for spacious living than in the Far West .