Passage 1 ?$-OdABXHK
Anyone who trains animals recognizes that human and animal perceptual capacities are different. For most humans , seeing is believing, although we do occasionally brood about whether we can believe our eyes. The other senses are largely ancillary; Most of us do not know how we might go about either doubting or believe our noses. But for dogs, scenting is believing. A dog’s nose is ours as the wrinkled surface of our complex brain is to the surface of an egg. A dog who did comparatively psychology might easily worry about the consciousness of a squid. :Nc~rOC _
We who take sight for granted can draw pictures of scent, but we have no language for doing it the other way about, no way to represent something visually of humans can by means of actual scent. Most humans cannot know, with their limited noses, what they can imagine about being deaf, blind, mute, or paralyzed. The sighted can, for example, speak of a blind person as “in the darkness,” but there is no corollary expression for what it is that. We are in relationship to scent. If we tried to coin words, we might come up with something like “scent-blind.” But what would it mean? It could, have the sort of meaning that “color-blind” and “tone-deaf” do, because most of us have experienced what “tone” and ”color” mean in those expressions, but we don’t know what “scent” means in the expression “scent-blind”. Scent for us can be only a theoretical, technical expression that we use because our grammar requires that we have a noun to go in the sentences we are prompted to utter about animals’ tracking. We don’t have a sense of scent. What we do have is a sense of smell—for Thanksgiving dinner and skunks and a number of things we call chemicals. ,W{Qv<oo
So if Fido and I are sitting on the terrace, admiring the view, we inhabit worlds with radically different principles of phenomenology. Say that the wind is to our backs. Our world lies all before us, within a 180 degree angle. The dog’s _well, we don’t know, do we? Qf>dfJ^q
He sees roughly the same things that I see but he believes the scents of the garden behind US. He marks the path of the black—and white cat as she moves among the roses in search of the bits of chicken sandwich I let fall as I walked from the house to our picnic pot. I can show that Fido is alert to the kitty, but not how, for my picture—making modes of thought too easily supply falsifying literal representations of the cat and the garden and their modes of being hidden from or revealed to me. &z1r$X.AW
16. The phrase “other senses are largely ancillary”(Paragraph 1) is used by the author to suggest that______________. 7:M%w'oR
A. only those events experienced directly can be appreciated by the senses 0L c X7gU>
B. for many human beings the sense of sight is the primary means of knowing about the world Sm+Ek@Ax
C. smell id rely on at least one of their other senses in order to confirm with what they see Y&'2/zI6~
17. “Principles of phenomenology” mentioned in Paragraph 3 can best be defined as that_____________ VD36ce9
A. rules one uses to determine the philosophical truth about a certain thing <0R?#^XBZB
B. behaviors caused by certain kinds of perception mjBX
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C. ways and means of knowing about something m&2< ?a}l
D. effects of single individual’s perception on what others believe $`l- cSH;
18. The missing phrase in the incomplete sentence “The dog’s_well. We don’t know, do we?” refers to_______ ,"j |0Q
A. color blindness B. perception of the world 8 {Zgvqbb
C. concern for our perception D. depth perception [R
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19. The author uses the distinction between “that ” and “how” (Last paragraph ) in order to suggest the difference between_________ %0:
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A. seeing and believing Z"e |DP`
B. a cat’s way and dog’s way of perceiving )
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C. false representations and accurate representations lpSM p
D. awareness of presence and the nature of that awareness J]N-^ld\\
20. The example in the last paragraph is used to illustrate how________ A`X$jpAn&
A. a dog’s perception differs from a human’s Eg
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B. people fear nature but animals are part of it 5zfaqt`
C. a dog’s ways of seeing are superior to a cat’s {CQA@p:Y}
D. phenomenology is universal and constant
