2008博士英语所有选择题答案+80%以上题干回忆+完形填空和最后一篇阅读理解原文 0{/P1
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我做的答案如下：（注本人通过了英语六级和GRE考试，自我感觉英语一般，有些拿不准的选项也在下面贴出来了，大家讨论和拍砖。） cC_L4
1-5 CCCCA W
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6-10 CBDBA p: 9)}y
11-15 CDBCD Xj/U~
16-20 AABDA \4 RVJ[2
21-25 ABBDC . m
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26-30 DDDDA x<'(b7{U0
31-35 ACCDB R6ynL([xh
36-40 BDCAD
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41-45 DDDDB 5 } 9}4e
46-50 ABCBA 7gR8Wr ^
51-55 BADDB (o/HLmr@Y
56-60 CADCA x~Eg ax
61-65 DACBD WKf->W
66-70 BCCCB 4~Ptn / g
71-75 CDDBC _c=[P@
76-80 B***A Ex'6 WN~kD
81-85 A***D M
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86-90 D***A i<N[s O
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听力: SbNs#
1.是说筹集到的fund少,来的人也少,女的说本来要去可没去,选c "HRoS#| \
2.一个说关于买car,女的说那个车有很多faults,没让她一块去,应该选择她肯定不会买 OW (45
3还有一个说男的甩了女的,选他们分开了; 8Wn;U!qT
4有一个是说某人原来准备申请某个university后又改变主意，总之选texas university vc.:du
5还有一个是女的是学生,要登记住处,男的要出示I.D.后安排住处,选a这个我可能选错了，我选的是D hotel。 lW^bn(_gQ
6还有一道一个人说话，然后另外一个说你已经跟我说过一次了。问题是后者的态度，应该选impatient，不耐烦。 )J?Nfi%
7一个女的买了一件东西一个男的看了说在什么什么地方很贵，女的得意的说我是1折买的，男的说真是一次好买卖啊选bargain Q:I2\E
8一个男的到门诊看病说自己：reflux（返流） 和heart burn（烧心），推测患了返流性食道炎，选stomach disease 6#S}EaWf
9还有一个讲在急诊科消毒，清创什么的，碎玻璃屑夹出来了，最后要做的是缝合（suture），文中那个女的讲的是stitch it up,是同义词。 `T H0*:aI
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听的很清楚, 1Ih.?7}
第一篇: ;=IC.<Q
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1 bowel cancer, jd9GueV*(
2问下一步怎么办，女医生建议bowel resection,有争议有人说选肠镜检查
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3问诊断依据是根据症状，有争议有的战友说选resentful `= A*ei5
4女的保证a normal life, l MCoc 'ae
5最后问以前的手术病例怎样,good effect a+$WlG/x
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第二篇,讲肺癌和性别的关系, =`f6@4H
1问短文讲的什么问题选吸烟和肺癌 ]C |Zs=5
2数字题选b 269, MWv_BXQ
3女的更易放弃smoking,而且患肺癌后存活更久, u eO&%
4肺癌虽可致命但可预防, 7Y$#*
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第三篇,讲一个人把skiing看做whole world,后来导致颈椎骨折顽强生存的事迹。她是determination和hard-bitten的个人觉得那个选hobby。答案应该很刁钻的 *')g}2iB
1选颈椎骨折 /+\m7I S
2选living skills 6Z ~u2&
3选elementary school teacher，有争议，有人说是college teacher SFrQPdX6V
4选她是个怎么样的人，determination和hard-bitten的 =M"H~;f]
5忘了一个 tlw$/t Ma
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词汇: w9
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1.make for楼主的词汇:1.make for ?
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我记得好象应该选 account for:负责.make for是有助于...,如果是make up for倒是可以:补救之意. f, 9jK9/$
2凭记忆,都有cognitive,sabtoge,cardinal, NG-Wn+W@b
还有一个是中国人对祖先的态度sincerity `}:q@: %
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完形填空原文和答案 qms+s~oA
Are some people born clever, and others born stupid? Or is intelligence developed by our environment and our experience? Strangely enough, the answer to these questions is yes. To some extent our intelligence is given us at birth, and no amount of special education can make a genius out of a child born with low intelligence. On the other hand, a child who lives in a boring environment will develop his intelligence less than one who lives in rich and varied surroundings .Thus the limits of a person’s intelligence are fixed at birth, whether or not he reaches those limits will depend on his environment. This view, now held by most experts, can be supported in a number of ways. It is easy to show that intelligence is to some extent something we are born with. The closer the blood relationship between two people, the closer they are likely to be in intelligence. Thus if we take two unrelated people at random from the population, it is likely that their degree of intelligence will be completely different. If, on the other hand ,we take two identical twins, they will very likely be as intelligent as each other, relations like brothers and sisters, parents and children, usually have similar intelligence, and this clearly suggests that intelligence depends on birth. Imagine now that we take two identical twins and put them in different environments. We might send one, for example, to a university and the other to a factory where the work is boring, we would soon find differences in intelligence developing, and this indicates that environment as well as birth plays a part .This conclusion is also suggested by the fact that people who live in close contact with each other, but who are not related at all are likely to have similar degree of intelligence. J(*q OGBD
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一篇: h8;B +#f`
1这篇文章的主题是器官移植 1{N73]-M:
2选择器官移植可供器官少, fUQuEh5_
3不赞成动物器官移植是由于imhumanity, ^UP!y!&N
4其他的科学家则come up with other alternatives, <. j `n
5作者态度为factual y6.}h9~
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第二篇：obesity肥胖的guilty，诱因（经济角度来谈）；还有一个关于经济发展,富人overeat,导致疾病,有三个讽刺, Le3H!9lbc
1是说穷人吃不饱,而好多富人吃多了生病,选overeat and disease, }:u" ?v=|j
2是食品经济,还有一个选择是可以extract `ER">@&
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有一篇是nature上关于女人对喜欢男人啥样的外表,有男人气概和女 f l| 8#\r
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人气两种 X|+ o4R?
喜欢前者于fertile生育时,所以同义替换选要怀孕时,还有一个是她 R;,&s!\<
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们不会take into reality / fBi9=}+
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还有一篇是说吸烟与皮肤皱纹生成的。 吸烟和皮肤皱纹那篇, SS?^-BI
1是skin的two working processing,包括合成和分解胶原, ConXP\M-
2是把包含smoking的液体对fibroblast研究, ]v=*WK
3是问那个日本科学家的假设,选吸烟能引起皮肤老化起皱的 0$)CWah
4选的促进premature cell aging。杀死细胞60％那个选项非常具有干扰性。 WP)r5;Hv`
5最后一个选他们需要人体内的进一步研究 &Y Q
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一篇是关于英国研究电磁场对白血病的影响 ,ra!O=d~0
1题中谈到书呆子的问题，选在英国的研究在美国同样适用。 4yhan/zA
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最后一篇:讲作者的父亲Jack住院手术,头两天被称做halocd(first name), kO:|?}Koc
1问开头是作者以啥样的角度,选的是consumer角度, Yud]s~N
2他父亲显然不喜欢被叫first name,但他accept the way he was greeted, w,hl<=:(FB
3最后一个是作者对他父亲的态度选admire ] IbX<
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作文原文 Ew jzm ,2
珍爱生命从心脏做起 }SL&Y `Y]
生命第一杀手
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这些年来，随著我国经济的发展，在人们解决了温饱之后，伴随而来的是与吸烟、缺乏运动、紧张和过度饮食等不良生活方式相关的慢性疾病，尤其是心血管疾病、肿瘤等已经成為危害健康、危及生命的第一杀手。 近年来，“猝死”事件在各地屡有发生。压力过大，劳累过度，使得不少中青年人长期处于亚健康状态，积重难返而猝死。在眾多猝死事件中，多数是由心肌梗死引起的。而半数以上的心肌梗死是没有先兆的，突然起病，致死或致残；在心肌梗死发病早期死亡者中，半数都死于到达医院之前。 在很多人的印象裡，高血压、冠心病、心肌梗死好像是中老年人的“专利”，其实不然，现在每天医院急诊室、监护室裡都能看到一些非常年轻的心肌梗死患者，而且越来越多。 ^%(HZ'$wC
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无知者“无畏” v&t~0jX,
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很多人并不是死于无钱，而是死于无知，即缺乏预防意识，缺乏对健康的忧患意识，这在“白骨精”（白领、骨干、精英）中尤為突出。他们白天忙于工作，晚上忙于应酬，很少有人把自己的健康放在心上。 20世纪50年代出生的这一代人，更多地受益于经济发展所带来的便捷、舒适的生活，这种生活方式使得他们中的一部分人已经成為目前高血压、糖尿病和肥胖流行的“主力军”。但是，国内外大量的医学研究表明，吸烟，高热量、高脂肪饮食摄入过多，运动量减少等不健康生活方式，正在成為引发包括心肌梗死在内的各种心血管疾病的“催化剂”。正是由于这些危险因素没有被认识，没有得到很好的重视和控制，才使得情况变得越来越糟。 值得注意的是，不健康生活方式所致的心血管疾病多是“隐性杀手”，平时无明显症状，但却在不知不觉中残害人们的健康。歷经几年，十几年、甚至数十年的“沉默”，在毫无症状或先兆的情况下，以突然发病的形式瞬间结束人们的生命。相当多的病人第一次发病或第一次有临床表现就是心肌梗死，甚至猝死进而结束生命。 令人担忧的是，现在很多“白骨精”们根本意识不到自己是心血管疾病的高危人群，甚至幻想患病以后再亡羊补牢。实际上，在长期的超负荷“压迫”下，他们一旦发病就会一发而不可收拾，第一次就往往可能是猝死，所以一定不能心存侥幸。
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血脂的异常和胆固醇升高、吸烟、糖尿病、高血压、中心性肥胖、日常生活缺乏运动、饮食缺乏蔬菜水果、紧张都已经被证明是心血管疾病的重要危险因素，既然我们已经知道心血管疾病是一个多重危险因子的疾病，那麼应首先从防危险因素上做起，而不要等到患了高血压再去吃降压药物，得了血脂高再去降血脂。 心血管疾病是可防、可控、可救的。吸烟是万恶之源，不只是危害心血管，也是引起呼吸系统和多种癌症的“罪犯”。吸烟害己更害人，吸烟不是“嗜好”，而是疾病。肥胖和血脂异常也可明显增加高血压、心肌梗死等的危险。 心血管防治要注重“治未病”，对每一个人来说，要有一个健康的身体，先要不吸烟，“管住嘴”，“迈开腿”。特别要从青少年抓起，引导青少年从小养成健康文明的生活习惯，告别烟草，告别垃圾食品，热爱和坚持运动，保持良好的体重。 “迈开腿”，除了爬山、游泳等运动以外，要把路走起来。现在很多人都自觉或不自觉地开始慢慢地在变“懒”，能不动就不动，特别是有的青年人，进门就找电梯，出门就打的，為什麼不能进门先找楼梯走一走呢？如果大家能坚持每天快步走一万步的路，持之以恆，定将受益匪浅。饭吃八成饱，日行万步路，為最有效的减肥方法。 >*DR>U
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附上第六篇阅读理解 j\W"P_ dpd
My Name Is Jack gc~nT/lfK
F. Bruder Stapleton, MD Ul"9zTH
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Name, please," queried the young man behind the counter of a popular hamburger stand in the university district. Quickly and confidently, I answered, "Jack." "That will be right out, sir," smiled the previously beleaguered boy. Turning, I encountered the usual admonition of my exasperated wife: "Why don't you use your own name? You are so childish." I like the name Jack. To me it is a name of strength, athleticism, and honesty. It reminds me of Jack Kennedy, Y"Y%JJ.J
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Jack Armstrong, Jack Dempsey, and especially my father,
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Jack. Responding with "My name is Jack" in restaurants or r~mZ?dI
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hamburger joints almost always brings a smile in return, in 4:umD*d 3E
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contrast to my real name, which elicits quizzical looks and b2L9%8h
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numerous recantations. Besides, I enjoy being childish at UA>
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times—often to fulfill my wife's worst expectations after VT>TmfN(I
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Today, I sit in a surgical ICU beside my favorite Jack as x*`S>_j27=
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he recovers from a five-hour operation to repair a massive }I }/ e
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aortic aneurysm. For me it has been a journey into the ^$F Nu~ |K
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medical system as an inexperienced consumer rather than in Q!9
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my usual position as a seasoned provider. This journey to X A b%V'
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an urban referral center has produced some disappointing 9f #~RY|#m
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surprises for Dad, and especially for me. For the past two rCK
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days, my beloved Jack has been called "Harold" (his first W)X" G3
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name; Jack is his middle name). Of course, there is nothing 1'NJ[
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wrong with "Harold"—it was what he was called in the army !1 b}M/Wx
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—but Dad never has been "Harold," except to those who cp:U@Nh
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really don't know him. Telephone callers at our family home o5 @d1A
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who asked for "Harold" were always red flags that the Ao )\/AR'
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caller was a telemarketer or insurance salesperson. q"48U.}T
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Dad doesn't correct his physicians or the office 4 -C
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receptionists—he is from the old school, where it is .9u0WP95
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impolite to question or correct your physician. Once he was ,Y&7` m
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an almost ideal "Jack," strong, athletic, quietly s v.?C pE
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confident, and imminently trustworthy, but his recent renal O:]e4r,'
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failure and dialysis treatments, his stroke and his oO3X>y{gN
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constant tremor have robbed him of his strength, mobility, !gm@QO cF
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and golf game, but not of his will or love of his family. S"cim\9xP
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Part of the reason he agreed to undertake this risky ?$ Dc>
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operation at his advanced age was because his wife and h:AB`E1
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sisters still need his protective support. With so much at ei82pLM
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risk, he faced this life-threatening challenge in a city gF2,Jm@" 6
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far away from his home and friends and in a place where he l*z+<c6$_
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is greeted as "Harold." V6bjVd9|Z
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preoperative visit with the surgeon, who entered the room
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and briefly acknowledged Dad, but never spoke to either my gh-i| i,
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silent mother or me. An unidentified young woman in a white tZY 6{,K%4
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coat stood sheepishly behind the surgeon. Never introduced P
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or acknowledged, she also remained nameless. After that X G E.*aI
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brief visit, Dad (Jack) became "Harold" at each encounter. Js&.p9S2
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Our next stop was with the anesthesiologist, whose obvious NcX`*18
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crowd was palpable. We were never sure whether he was a NFPWh3),f
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staff anesthesiologist or a resident, as he never dwouw*8
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I don't know whether the frustration with my first two 72vp6/;)
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hours with Dad and his physicians was the result of my -@XOe&q
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anxiety or of the contrast with my deeply held values, 4HpKKhv"
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which I have taught students and residents in my pediatric !;Ke# E_d
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nephrology clinic for many years. My mentors imparted to me h@TP =
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that little things, like shaking hands with each person in P26"z))~d
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the room, asking their names, and checking the chart before @)wsHW%cjz
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entering to see if the mother and father have the same last DG}s`'
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name, can develop trust and cooperation. Now I know it is *m 2?fP\
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true.
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Greeting a patient by name can bridge a huge gulf filled 4_# (y^ 9
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with fear and uncertainty. It is such a simple act to c|K:oi,z
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strengthen such an important relationship. In a world of TM|P wY
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externally managed medicine, making personal contact with h6}rOchj
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our patients never seemed more important. Isn't that why we dK
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became physicians? -<sW`HpD'
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My worry over the relationship between my dad and his C XNYWx
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physicians was not reflected in the technically successful p/G9P +?
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surgical and medical care. Yet it was the nurses' L$r
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statements ("Jack had a good dialysis today." "Jack's vital Az-!X!O*f
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signs are good and he is more alert." "I am Jack's nurse +1@'2w{
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tonight.") that reassured us that our "Jack" was known and -f1lu*3\
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"Jack, your order is ready." My wife nudged me. The a 7=lZZ
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hamburger cook smiled, and I smiled back. S <-5<Pg
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A Piece of My Mind Section Editor: Roxanne K. Young, X?;iSekI4
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Associate Editor.
