TIIE CHINESE ACADEMY OF SCIE}ICE5 N'QqJe7Z
ENGLISH ENTRANCE EJCAMINATION FOR hO
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DOCTORAL CANDIDATES VO_dA4C}z
14farch 2007
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PAPER ONEPAPER ONE -uj3'g(;w
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PART 1 VUCABULARY (15 minutes, 10 points, 4.5 point each) s6n`?,vw
1. Reductions in overseas government expenditure took place, but ______and more gradually than now seems desirable.
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A: reluctantly G?xJv`"9iC
B: unwittingly Xb,T{.3@
C. impulsively Da_()e[9p
D: anxiously %j5ywr:
2. In fear for their lives and in ______of their freedom, thousands of enslaved women and children fled to the Northern States on the eve of the American Civil War. X#`dWNrN
A. Way )+EN$*H
B. view E
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C. vision ||Y<f *
D. pursuit 0` 5e
3. If I could ensue a reasonably quick and comprehensive solution to the crisis in g`[$XiR
Iraq, t would not have entitled my speech “the______ problem.” q.W>4 k
A. Instant -[heV| $;
B: Inverse UQPU"F7.
C. Insoluble J'Sm0
D. Intact |`0n"x7
4. Some of the patients, especially the dying, wanted to ______ in the man and woman who had eased their suffering. o35fifM`
A. confide ,b|-rU\
B. ponder Vte EDL/w
C. well KY.ZT2k
D: reflect ?obm7<
5. We all buy things on the ______ of the moment; this is what the retail trade calls an “impulse “buy. z9
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A: urge sn{tra
B. force /.Q4~Hw%}
C. spur [po "To
D. rush. :Li/=>R^
6. Nothing has ever equaled the ______ and speed with which the human species is altering the physical and chemical world. kbI/4IRW
A. concern <+tD z (
B. magnitude {y-^~Q"z
C. volume >*1}1~uU`'
D. carelessness fZ{[]dn[
7. The second distinguishing characteristic of jazz is a rhythmic drive that was ______ called "hot" and later "swing." bw S*]!*
A. shortly go'j/4Tp
B. initially =RKSag&
C. actually C+N k"l9
D. literally E
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8. The depth of benefits of reading varies in ______ the depth of one's one’s experience lpmJLH.F
A. tempo with eJ@~o{,?>
B. time with K=\O5
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C. place of F-
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D. proportion to P'$ `'J]j
9. Whatever the questions he really wanted to ask at the reprocessing plant, though, he would never allow his personal feelings to ______ with an assignment. i$^ZTb^
A. interrupt e2)autBe
B. bother {D`T0qPT[
C. interfere $l[Rh1z`;+
D. intervene =o 7}
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10. His ______ with computers began six months ago. Jjm|9|C,
A. imagination xge7r3i
B. invocation 9pSUIl9|j
C. observation }}{Yw
D. obsession ko\):DN
11. I like cats but unfortunately I am ______ to them. E-2eOT
A. vulnerable G4-z3e,crr
B. allergic
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C. inclined _}6q{}jn:c
D. hostile 7/IlL
12. Some of the words employed by Shakespeare in his works have become______ and are no longer used in the present days. $lwz-^1t.
A. obsolete _e<o7Y@_
B. obscene | A)\
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C. obvious {S.>BXX
D. oblique |NFZ(6vNh
13. One of the main ways to stay out of trouble with government agents is to keep a law______ away from those situations wherein you call attention to yourself. t0E 51Ic@
A. manner nHXX\i
B. position mEAXM1J|
C. profile :l\V'=%9'@
D. station 6<'K~1do:
14. With 1 million copies sold out within just 2 weeks, that book is indeed a ______ success. (R}ii}&
A. provisional _GYMPq\%L#
B. sensational bZw
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C. sentimental H*I4xT@
D. potential .?W5{U
15. As the core of the management hoard, he can always come up with ______ ideas to promote the corporation's marketing strategies. JK_OZ
A. integral va)%et0!
B. instinctive WgQBGch,!
C. intangible T]9\VW4
D. ingenious [5d2D,)
l6. They speak of election campaign polls as a musician might of an orchestra ______, or a painter of defective paint. oMH.u^b]fT
A. in pace mh/n.*E7
B. out of focus :;]O
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C. in step 2\D8.nQr
D. out of tune LJlZ^kh
17. Surely it doesn't matter where charities get their money from: what ______much is what they do with it. p<Z3tD;Z
A. taunts for F=a+z/xKT
B. asks for >pL2*O^{9
C. consists of v6(E3)J7
D. approves of y2L#:[8
l8. Any business needs ordinary insurance______ risks such as fire, flood and breakage. xl9aV\
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A. in sy* y\5yJ
B. against $^/0<i$
C. raft 22hSove.
D. of (t^n'V
19. As he was a thoroughly professional journalist, he already knew the media______. [IZM.r`Z
A. to and fro | s+0~$O;
B. upside and down v5}X+'
C. inside and out JtKp(k&
D. now and then ^Mkk@F&1
20. There was little, if any, evidence to substantiate the gossip and, ______, there was little to disprove it. Sb2v_o
PART II CLOZE TEST (15 minutes, 15 points) l~:v
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There is a closer relationship between morals and architecture and interior decoration______21, we suspect. Huxley has pointed out that Western ladies did not take frequent baths ______22 they were afraid to see their own naked bodies, and this moral concept delayed the______23 of the modern white-enameled bathtub for centuries. One can understand, ______24 in the design of old Chinese furniture there was so little consideration for human______ 25 only when we realize the Confucian atmosphere in which people moved about. Chinese redwood Furniture was designed for people to sit______26 in, because that was the only posture approved by society. ={2!c
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Even Chinese emperors had to sit on a (n) ______27 on which I would not think of______28 for more than five minutes, and for that matter the English kings were just as badly off. Cleopatra went about______29 on a couch carried by servants, because______30 she had never heard of Confucius. If Confucius should have seen her doing that, he would certainly have struck her shins with a stick, as he did______31 one of his old disciples, Yuan Jiang, when the latter was found sitting in an______32 posture. In the Confucian society in which we lived, gentlemen and ladies had to______33 themselves perfectly erect, at least on formal______34 , and any sign of putting one's leg up would be at once considered a sign of vulgarity and lack of______35. +\
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21. A. for gbBy/_b
B. than K]oM8H1
C. as #U7_a{cn"M
D. that 4p`XG1Pt
22. A. if 5FKBv
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B. when ?WI3/>:<
C. because R@Y=o].2
D. though "bQ[CD
23. A. rise | $^;wP
B. existence z$lF)r:Bc
C. occurrence 9v)%dO.
D. increase 7v}x?I
24. A. what '!h/B;*(
B. where &-yGVx
C. how 'm=*u
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D. why 7k%T<;V
25. A. care [s1pM1x
B. choice -4#2/GXNO
C. concern 1$lh"fHU
D. comfort 5~
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26. A. upright A1Y7;-D
B. tight 0[A9b,MMVO
C. fast H jNxqaljt
D. stiff !LM<:kf.|
27. A. armchair ]uL+&(cr
B. throne +#J,BKul
C. altar Px@/Q
D. couch mY!iu(R1
28. A. moving 9 t
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B. keeping ?NNn:t iD
C. remaining {NM+Oj,~'
D. lasting ,SlN zR
29. A. traveling W1aa:hEf
B. staying vC;]jJb:
C. wandering %WFu<^jm
D. reclining %i0?UpA
30. A. fortunately n_D8JF
B. frankly F9q8SA#"
C. accordingly BZK`O/
D. apparently a@d=>CT$
31. A. in 0"k|H&
B. on Y]`.InG@
C. to %!Q`e79g8
D. at xom<P+M!|
32. A. responsible 0pe3L
B. incorrect YMpf+kN
C. immoral 6"j_iB
D. imperfect Wk;5/
33. A. hold cX!Pz.C
B. sit JHn*->m
C. behave q!'rz
D. conduct :HViX:]H
34. A. conditions Wa/g`}
B. situations U4?(A@z9^
C. occasions $9
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D. instances [
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35. A. culture <S"~vKD'
B. confidence (n(
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C. morality )(Iy<Y?#
D. modesty ,0$)yZ3*3,
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PART III READING COMPREHENSION cRvvzX
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Section A (60 minutes, 30 points) PnT)LqEF
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Passage One JM$.O;y
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Most people would be impressed by the high quality of medicine available to most Americans. There is a lot of specialization, a great deal of attention to the individual, a vast amount of advanced technical equipment, and intense effort not to make mistakes because of the financial risk which doctors and hospitals must face the courts if they handle things badly. XP[uF ;w
But the Americans are in a mess. The problem is the way in which health care is organized and financed. Contrary to public belief, it is not just a free competition system. To the private system has been joined a large public system, because private care was simply not looking after the less fortunate and the elderly. wy1X\PJjH
But even with this huge public part of the system, which this year will eat up 84.5 billion dollars-more than 10 percent of the U.S. budget-large numbers of Americans are left out. These include about half the I1 million unemployed and those who fail to meet the strict limits on income fixed by a government trying to make savings where it can. &UHPX?x
The basic problem, however, is that there is no central control over the health system. There is no limit to what doctors and hospitals charge for their services. Over than what the public is able to pay. The number of doctors has shot up and prices have climbed. When faced with toothache, a sick child, or a heart attack, all the unfortunate person concerned can do is pay up. k ^'f[|}
Two-thirds of the populations are covered by medical insurance. Doctors charge as much as they want knowing that the insurance company will pay the bill. qgt[ ~i*
The medical profession has as a result become America's new big businessmen. The average income of doctors has now reached $100,000 a year. With such vast incomes the talk in the doctor's surgery is as likely to be about the doctor's latest financial deal, as about whether the minor operation he is recommending at several thousand dollars is entirely necessary. >r5P3G1
The rising cost of medicine in the U.S.A. is among the most worrying problem facing the country. In 1981 the country's health cost climbed 15.9 percent-about twice as fast as prices in general. gv15t'y9
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36. In the U.S. patients can effect, in medical ______. %9C@ Xl
A. occasional mistakes by careless doctors j'%4{n
B. a great deal of personal attention 5}ie]/[|
C. low charge by doctors and hospitals KP;(Q+qTx
D. stacking nurses and bad services q=HHNjj8
37. Doctors and hospitals try hard to avoid making mistakes because ______. 7"X>?@
A. they fear to be sued by the patients 2Tav;LKX
B. they care much about Their reputation `i~ Y Fr
C. they compete for getting more patents
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D. they wish to join the private medical system eg+!*>GaX
38. What do most Americans think about health in the U.S.? >M!xiQX
A. It must be in total chaos jo+w>
B. It must be a free competition system X8eJ4%
C. It should cover the unemployed fBtm%f
D. It should involve private care. !33#. @[
39. From Paragraph 3 we know that ______from the public health system. SZ![%)83
A. millions of jobless people get support. _;A $C(
B. those with steady income do not seek help. .V9e=yW!*
C. some people are made ineligible to benefit. DQ.v+C,
D. those with private health care are excluded. 8qi+IGRg
40. According to the author, what is the key factor in the rise of health cost in the US? _zxLwU1(x
A. The refusal of insurance companies to pay the bills ,''cNV
B. The increase of the number of doctors and hospitals ^ OJyN,A
C. the lack of government control over the medical prices p_*M:P1Ma4
D. The merger of private health care with the public system. M_0zC1
41. It is implied that American doctors often______. 0rk]/--FGJ
A. trade their professionalism for financial benefits \hO2p6
B. fails to recognize the paying power of the patients /5AW?2)
C. discuss about how to make money during the surgery q"KnLA(
D. gives the patients expensive but needless treatments. vqsli
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Passage two AEmNHO@%q
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Almost every day the media discovers an African community fighting some form of environmental threat from land fills. Garbage dumps, petrochemical plants, refineries, bus depots, and the list go on. For years, residents watched helplessly as their communities became dumping grounds. wyx(FinIH
But citizens didn't remain silent for long. Local activists have been organizing under the mantle of environmental justice since as far back as 1968. More than three decades ago, the concept of environmental justice had not registered on the radar screens of many environmental or civil rights groups. But environmental justice fits squarely under the civil rights umbrella. It should not be forgotten that Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. went to Memphis on an environmental and economic justice mission in 1968, seeking support for striking garbage workers who were underpaid and whose basic duties exposed them to environmentally hazardous conditions. <[aDo%,A
In 1979 landmark environmental discrimination lawsuit filed in Houston. Followed by similar litigation efforts in the 1980s, rallied activists to stand up to corporations and demand government intervention. X#xFFDzN
In 1991, a new breed of environmental activists gathered in Washington, D.C., to bring national attention to pollution problems threatening low-income and minority communities Leaders introduced the concept of environmental justice, protesting that Black, poor and working-class communities often received less environmental protection than White or more affluent communities. The first National People of Color Environmental Leadership Summit effectively broadened what "the environment" was understood to mean. It expanded the definition to include where we live, work, play, worship and go to school, as well as the physical and natural world. In the process, the environmental justice movement changed the way environmentalism is practiced in the United States and, ultimately, worldwide. TG48%L
Because many issues identified at the inaugural summit remain unaddressed, the second National People of Color Environmental Leadership Summit was convened in Washington, D.C., this past October. The second summit was planned for 500 delegates; but more than 1,400 people attended the four-day gathering. "\"DCDKmG
"We are pleased that the Summit II was able to attract a record number of grassroots activists, academicians, students, researchers, government officials We proved to the world that our planners, policy analysts and movement is alive and well, and growing," says Beverly Wright, chair of the summit. The meeting produced two dozen policy papers that show environmental and health disparities between people of color and Whites. A% Q
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42. In Paragraph 1, the word “residents’’ refers to ______in particular 6q<YJ.,
A. ethnic groups in the U.S GJi~y
B. the American general public uaw~r2
C. a Africa American ubMOD<
D. the U.S. working-class )CPM7>
43. More than three decades ago, environments justice was ______. MmPU7Nl%X
A. controversial,among local activities 9L0GLmLk1u
B. First proposed by Martin Luther King Jr. D(W,yq~7uY
C. fascinating to the civil rights groups P;ZU-G4@
D. barely realized by many environmentalists iq#b#PYA
44. In 1968, Martin Luther King Jr. went to Memphis to help the garbage workers ______. .%BT,$1K
A. get relieved of some of their basic duties F~#zxwd
B. know what environmental justice was
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C. fight for better working conditions !2\ r LN
D. recognize their dangerous surroundings Xm2\0=v5;
45.. Paragraph 3 implies that, in 1979 ______. Kyt)2p
A. the environmental justice issues were first brought to court in Houston <oKGD50#
B. environmental activists cooperated in defying the US government Kemw^48ts
C. the government intervention helped promote environmental justice W+wA_s2&D
D. environmental problems attracted the attention of the government ~fl@ 2
46. the new breed of environmental activists differed from the previous activists in that______. $w)~O<_U
A. they noticed environmental disparities between the rich and the poor A,CW_
B. they cried for government intervention in saving the environment 6h?gs"[j
C. they knew what ‘the environment really meant to the White people [%~
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D. they practiced environmentalism outside as well as within the US +cJy._pi!
47. With respect to getting environmental justice, Summit II aimed for ______. C$Lu]pIL*
A. showing the achieved success #
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B. attracting national attention }<@j'Ok}.
C. identifying relevant issues eg<bi@C1|
D. finding solutions to the problems R2etB*k6[
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Passage Three 76tdJ!4Z
Anyone who doubts that children are born with a healthy amount of ambition need spent only“tow minutes with“baby eagerly learning to walk or a headstrong toddler stating to walk. No matter how many times the little ones stumble in their initial efforts, most keep on trying, determined to master their amazing new skill. It is only several years later, around the start of middle or junior high school, many psychologists and teachers agree, that a good number of kids seem to lose their natural drive to succeed and end up joining the ranks of underachievers. For the parents of such kids, whose own ambition is often in separately tied to their children's success, it can be a bewildering, painful experience. So it is no wonder some parents find themselves hoping that ambition can be taught like any other subject at school. ,y4I[[
It's not quite that simple. "Kids can be given the opportunities, but they can't before,”says Jacquelyn Eccles, a psychology professor at the University of Michigan who tried a study examining what motivated first-and seventh-graders in three school districts. Even so growing number of educators and psychosis’s do believe it is possible to unearth ambition in students who don't seem to have much. They say that by instilling confidence, encouraging some risk taking, being accepting of failure and expanding the areas in which children may be successful, both parents and teachers can reignite that innate desire to achieve. :(d
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Dubbed Brainology, the unorthodox approach uses basic neuroscience to teach kids how the brain works and how it can continue to develop throughout life. The message is that everything is within the kids' control, that their intelligence is malleable rWys'uc
Some experts say our education system, with its strong emphasis on testing and rigid separation of students into disappearance of drive in some kids. Educators say it's important to expose kids to a world beyond homework and tests, through volunteer work, sports, hobbies and other extracurricular activities. “The crux of the issue is that many students that many students experience education as irrelevant to their life goals and ambitions ‘says Michael Nakkula, a Harvard education professor who runs a Boston-area mentoring program called Project IF (Inventing the Future), which works to get low-income underachievers in touch with their aspirations. The key to getting kids to aim higher at school is to tell them the notion that Glasswork is irrelevant is not true, to show them how doing well at school can actually help them fulfill their dreams beyond it. Like any ambitious toddler, they need to understand that they have to learn to walk before they can run. I{JU-Jk|
48. The passage is mainly about ______. bn
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A. when in one's life ambition is most needed V^y^
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B. what to do to reform the education system s,bERN7'yO
C. why parents of underachievers are ambitious `k(yZtb
D. how to help school children develop their ambition NC&DF