医学考博阅读理解解题方法(blackknightca原创) oB27Y&nO
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1. 先读问题,再读原文。如问题中有明显特征,如大写字母,数字等,可到原文寻找对应点。注意,应先做有特征的题,以减少浪费在阅读上的时间。 ]R^?Pa1Te4
2. 接着你只好认命地从头开始阅读,当然是带着问题。找到敏感区域再回头看选项。注意,1不要自行引申;2文中没提到的是错误选项;3对不确定的选项,在敏感区域找关键词,一般情况下是同义词或意思相对应的句子。 A_: Bz:
3. 其他:如选项出现绝对词汇(every/all)一般为错误解。 [guJd";
现以某人(SORRY,一时想不起他的名字)的模拟试题1为例: #UH|,>W6
Part IV Reading Comprehension (30%) 3=!\>0;E-
Passage One
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By about ten thousand years ago, with virtually every part of the globe populated, however sparsely, humanity was in place for the advent of agriculture. At the time, hunting and gathering was the universal means of subsistence, each band of humans exploiting the seasonal offerings of the animal and plant kingdoms of its own locality. By now the bow and arrow had been invented, as had the spear and spearthrower; both of these were important technological advances for hunting. The technology of plant- and food-gathering, however, remained simple: merely a container in which to carry fruit, nuts and succulent roots back to the camp. Life was essentially nomadic, unhurried, leisurely. I:
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In general, hunting and gathering bands were relatively small, consisting of perhaps five or six family units. They would be part of a large and widespread tribe, sharing the language and culture of their neighbours but subsisting as a small, mobile band. Some hunter-gatherers, however, did not have to move camp every few weeks in search of new food sources. Some even built small villages, containing a hundred or more people. The reason for this unusual stability would have been a particularly rich food source. One such village is in Lepenski Vir. There, on the eve of the agricultural revolution, a band of hunter-gatherers built a village perched above the rushing Danube. Although they gathered food from the surrounding countryside, their main subsistence was on fis1Tm the river. In their village they carved faces on boulders, giving them distinctly fishy expressions. MD ~03
An obvious first step from the straightforward gathering of abundant plant foods towards actually cultivating them is simply to help them grow a little better-by irrigation, for instance. Until not very long ago, the Paiute Indians of the Owens Valley in the south-western United States did just this. They dug irrigation canals which they fed from dammed streams to enhance the growth of their plant foods, none of which they planted themselves. Taking care of growing plants is certainly a step towards agriculture, but the distinctive element is the actual sowing of the seeds, and even more the sowing of specially selected seeds. The backbone of successful crop-growing has been genetic selection for high yield and for resistance to diseases. }q-_|(b;
Maize was one of the first crops to be cultivated, and the initial steps in the selective breeding towards today’s super cob (超级玉米) were probably fortuitous(偶然的). The simple act of gathering the tiny cobs would tend to select those in which the kernels fall out least readily: if the cobs are taken back to the village to be dried, the kernels that survive the journey will be those which stick most tenaciously in the cob. Once people had taken the conscious step of sowing seeds it was then just a matter of experience and insight to improve the crops by using seeds from the healthiest plants of the previous season. EfY|S3Av
Whether, initially, deliberate sowing followed a conscious experiment, or was the result of keen observation of accidentally spilled seeds that had been meant for food, we shall never know. The event must have occurred independently in many places and in many different ways, sometimes perhaps accidentally and sometimes by design. And the circumstances for beginning regular root-cropping must also have differed. The previous focus of any hunting and gathering community must, of course, have influenced the style of agriculture it adopted. <`EZ^S L;
以下列问题为例: ^8dJJ*
61. At the time of the advent of agriculture, the global population _______ jGM~(;iw6i
很好,你很快就在第二段看到“the advent of agriculture”,而且前面有一个转折“however”,这个词无论什么时候都是那么让人振奋,其后紧跟着一个副词“sparsely”,这个时候你一定心跳很快,因为副词和形容词是多么重要的细节啊。那么接着读选项吧,很好,你发现选项C的“not evenly distributed”很可爱,应为它与“sparsely”正好呼应。Bingo,答案正是C。 CuPZ0
A. was restricted to particular types of land $b;9o
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B. had begun to increase steadily ]}R\[F (_%
C. was not evenly distributed n~\"W
D. had insufficient food supplies ?DEj|
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62. What characterized the finding of food at that time? 5nIm7vlQm
虽然做对了上一题,你还得认命地接着往下读,因为,这不是托福那样的标准化命题,考点不定在哪呢。幸好你很快又发现敏感区域了,接着看选项,A、B、C在敏感区域都没提到,答案很可能是D。你可能还是不确定,这时,切勿绞尽脑汁引申,你要做的是回敏感区域找关键词。很好你找到了“seasonal offerings…”,答案确定是D了。并且令人高兴的是,由于下一题已解,你完全可以不看第二段,而是直接跳进第三段。 e!*d(lHKos
A. People’s diet was varied throughout the year. 2.O;
B. Hunters travelled long distances to stalk their prey. y5>859"h
C. Hunting was more significant than gathering. :(,uaX>{
D. What people ate depended on the time of year. xd\k;nq
63. The writer mentions the people of Lepenski Vir because _______ fB[I1Z
注意此处出现了大写字母,可到原文中寻找对应。找到对应后,看到代词“SUCH”就知还应往前找到其所指代的东西。并且你还可以发现一个很有意思的词“stability”,这样你完全可以判断选项C是正确的了。 $trvNbco
A. they showed creative talent y4s]*?Wz
B. they caught fish ]O s!=rt
C. they settled in one place <R>qOX8
D. they were among the first farmers %..{ c#V
64. What is the key element in the development of agriculture? TI: -Y@8
很讨厌,你在几乎第三段的最后一句才看到与“key element”相对应的关键词“backbone”,这样毫无疑问,正确选项是A。 \?&P|7N
A. Growing plants from specially chosen seed. dK,j|
B. Taking care of growing plants. p= jD "lq
C. The channeling of water. 8
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D. Finding plants that can resist disease. FQ>KbZh
65. What first improved the quality of maize? 'E+Ty(ED5
情况稍好,你在第四段的第一句就看到与“first”相对应的“initial”了,再看选项你又乐了,因为你看到选项B与含有关键词的句子中的“fortuitous”相对应。 ext`%$ U7
A. People chose which plants to collect. .r+ u pY
B. It was a matter of chance. Epsc2TuH7
C. Plants were carefully tended. _7?o/Q?F%
D. Farmers observed which plants did well. D
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医学考博听力解题技巧(Blackknightca原创) #DpDmMP9R3
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听力(Section A) K5No6dsD
短对话解题技巧 \Fj$^I>C
1.一般来讲,我们的听力会比阅读来的弱,但现在不是追究的时候,此时此刻,我们要的是一点运气和一点技巧。大多数人在听到对话的第一句时可能还没进入状态,所以会听不大清。没关系,我试过了,完全不听第一句也答对的可能性是80%,甚至更高(只要你对语气敏感)。所以,没听懂不要紧张,紧张才是我们最大的敌人。 <
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2.切记:一定要尽可能地抽出时间来读选项,为了能又快又好地读选项,你最好有抽出时间来在考前专门练习快速阅读选项。在短对话中,最好在做完一道题之后,为下一道题预留时间阅读选项。注意,哪怕这道题完全听不懂,也不能稍做停留,立刻蒙一个选项,进入下一道题。忌留空白,因为到最后你恐怕死也回忆不出这道本来就听不懂的题的星点东东了。 Wfgs[
3.词汇替换原则。也就是在选项中找听到的某词的同义词,果真找到,该选项基本上就对了。当然,听懂的时候,你更应该相信自己。 LL@VR#n"V
4.当选项中出现与你所听到的“一模一样”的词时,大部分时候是错的,除“keep”、“make”、专有名词和人名等外。注意,此条原则只适用于短对话。 iZ2|/hnw
下面我们以某人的模拟题1为例: =FQ]eb*
1. j+NOT`&
A. Dr.Byron has a new position. )| @'}k+
B. The course has been cut this semester. JaP2Q} &B
C. There are not enough students signed up for the class. O0Y/y2d
D. The department is hiring a new pathology professor. j4Pp
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如果你听到了“just became department chair”,那你很幸运,而且,有没有注意到,我们甚至不用听第一句就可以答题了。如果没听懂,就让我们来排除D(因为有我们刚才听到的pathology,呵,这个词学医的怎么可能会听不到呢。),B(因为有semester),C(no time和not students 根本是两码事嘛。)。 )B.NV<m
2. DZKVZ_
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A. Tim has good study habits. q\*",xZxwz
B. Tim writes many papers. ~.7r
C. Tim lives in a dormitory. T(%U$ea-S
D. Tim’s papers are often late. WL(u'%5
嘿,如果你够敏感的话,一定听到deadline了,这个词是所有学生的噩梦,却是我们的美梦,因为在选项D中有与其对应的“be late”。 >:%YAR`
3. 1"ko wp
A. That she take a year off to work. 1c_qNI;:p
B. That she talk to the tutor about hers problem. +ew 2+2
C. That she work as a tutor to pay hers tuition. G
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D. That she work on improving her language skills. uCuXY#R+
这题是例外的10%,出题点在第一句话,而且出现了数个与选项A相对应的“quit”,我的同义词替换不灵了。但幸好,man说的话超简单,人人能听懂“you should explain that to the tutor, not just…” pn?c6KvO
4. ku q3QW<
A. Jim has moved to another place. Qa~dd{?
B. Jim is unable to go to the meeting. N
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C. Jim is at the meeting now. zB`)\
D. Jim’s girl friend is at the meeting. !/O c)Yk
只要听到 “just out to a movie”就足够了。你会发现只剩A、B选项,而A选项中因有鬼鬼祟祟的听起来像“movie”的“move”而被枪毙。 j;@7V4'
5. !m(5N4:vV
A. She does not intend to give him notes. TZL)jfhj
B. She thinks he should read the history hooks himself. wjYwQ= y5
C. The new teacher did not want anyone to take notes. H)aeSF5
D. She did not take notes because she did not think anything important was discussed. HT7V} UiaO
嘿,技巧4在这里失效,但只要你捕捉到“could find them in any history book”,或者你听出Woman的语气,“just”、”any”,你就赢了。 (5Q,d
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听力(Section B) ;(M`Wy]2
长对话解题技巧 `vWFTv
1. 遗憾的是没有Direction和Example。好在长对话的出题顺序与语序基本一致,大家可以边听,边估计出题点,边看选项。 u1d{|fF
2. 听到什么是什么。如果你在选项中正好找到与你听到的某句话几乎或完全一模一样,正确选项大概就是它了。 &z;F'>"
3. 注意“ BUT”这个词,我至少在3篇模拟题中发现考点正好在 “but”后面。 aW$(lf2;
4. “IF”从句修饰的句子也常是考点。至少模拟题1的第一个长对话中3个if从句都出了题。 Gr6XqO_
5. 常识有效原则。在完全听不懂时,可根据常识,结合选项,判定正误,尤其是医学常识。 KA1Z{7UK%
6. 对疑问句后的句子一定要听清。 :FOMRrf7.
7. 对听到的数字可稍做笔记。 ]5b%r;_
8. 一般情况下,总有一篇长对话忒容易,可以安慰一下受伤的心灵。 lgp-/O"T
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英语翻译与写作常用动宾词组 lAuI?/E
一、ZhengZhi(搞没高措,这样的词汇也屏蔽!)类: Ftu~nh}
把…捐给慈善机构 donate …to charities (.Y
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把…看成社会公敌 look upon … as a threat to society Yy]^_,r
把…列为基本国策 list…..as fundamental national policies #MYhKySku
把…作为指导 take… as the guide qXmkeidb&W
把理论和实际结合起来 integrate theory with practice … \
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把握大局 grasp the overall situation xFcJyjo^z
摆脱贫穷落后 get rid of poverty and backwardness i_8q!CL@{
保护妇女权利不受侵犯 guarantee (protect) women’s rights against infringement bQc-ryC+.
采取各种措施 adopt various measures [U[saR\
参政、议政 participate in the management of State affairs \5.36Se
充满信心和力量 be filled with confidence and strength apQ` l^
打破僵局 break the deadlock "C 7-^R#
打破禁区 break off a forbidden zone '&4W@lvyz
得出结论 draw ( arrive at, come to reach ) a conclusion _IiT
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锻造一支人民军队 forge a people’s army d>@&[C!28
对…具有深远的影响 have a far-reaching impact on dbF?#
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对…做出重要(巨大)贡献 make important (great, major )contributions to Om
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反对各种形式的恐怖主义 be opposed to all forms of terrorism Iqe=)
反腐倡廉 combat corruption and build a clean government ZaYux-0]kF
高举伟大旗帜 hold high the great banner 'B&gr}@4O=
给…带来机遇和挑战 present (bring) both opportunities and challenges to Ng=XH"ce~
根除 (防止,消除)*** root out (prevent, eliminate) corruption (bnyT?p%
观察当今世界 observe the present-day world Kp[ F@A#
缓和紧张状况 ease the tension 6}bUX_!&s
回顾奋斗历程 review the course of struggle P)bS ;w\(Y
加快改革步伐 accelerate the speed of reform uN1(l}z$
加强舆论监督 ensure that the correct orientation is maintained in public (}1 gO
opinion ;ew j
坚持改革开放政策 adhere to the reform and open policy !qe,&