Passage 3 nT)vNWT=
In science, a theory is a reasonable explanation of observed events that are related. A the-ory often involves an imaginary model that helps scientists picture the way an observed event could be produced. A good example of this is found in the kinetic molecular theory, in which gases are pictured as being made up of many small particles that are in constant motion. wS3'?PRX
A useful theory, in addition to explaining past observations, helps to predict events that have not as yet been observed. After a theory has been publicized, scientists design experi-merits to test the theory. If observations confirm the scientists’ predictions, the theory is sup-ported. If observations do not confirm the predictions, the scientists must search further. There may be a fault in the experiment, or the theory may have to be revised or rejected. 3
8`<:{^Y
Science involves imagination and creative thinking as well as collecting information and performing experiments. Facts by themselves are not science. As the mathematician Jules Henri Poincare said: "Science is built with facts just as a house is built with bricks, but a collection of facts cannot be called science any more than a pile of bricks can be called a house." Most scientists start an investigation by finding out what other scientists have learned about a particular problem. After known facts have been gathered, the scientist comes to the part of the investigation that requires considerable imagination. Possible solutions to the problem are "^iYLQOC
formulated. These possible solutions are called hypotheses. FE;x8(;W8
In a way, any hypothesis is a leap into the unknown. It extends the scientist’s thinking beyond the known facts. The scientist plans experiments, performs calculations, and makes ob-servations to test hypotheses. For without hypotheses, further investigation lacks purpose and direction. When hypotheses are confirmed, they are incorporated into theories. E<*xx#p
11. The word "this" in the 3rd sentence in paragraph 1 refers to ______. "J3x_~,[4m
A) a good example B) an imaginary model [1H^3g
'
C) the kinetic molecular theory D) an observed event \lNN Msd&
12. Bricks are mentioned in the 3rd paragraph to indicate how ____. |e0`nn=
A) mathematicians approach science A+?`?pOm&
B) building a house is like performing experiments BfiD9ka-z
C) science is more than a collection of facts yEQs:v6L~
D) scientific experiments have led to improved technology 9-m=*|p
13. In the last paragraph, the author refers to a hypothesis as "a leap into the unknown" in or- der to show that hypotheses ______. ku
M$UYTTX
A) are sometimes ill-conceived B) can lead to dangerous results mRK>U$v
C) go beyond available facts D) require effort to formulate ]
@fk] ]R
14. What is a major function of hypotheses as implied in the last paragraph7 11;zNjD|
A) Sifting through known facts. r#mx~OVkk
B) Communicating a scientist’s thoughts to others. P0jtp7)7
C) Providing direction for scientific research. sW8dPw
O
D) Linking together different theories. `5Zz5V
15. Which of the following statements is supported by the passage? Nmh*EAJSy
A) Theories are simply imaginary models of past events. hehFEyx
B) It is better to revise a hypothesis than to reject it. S:ztXhif>
C) A scientist’s most difficult task is testing hypotheses. b5n'=doR/I
D) A good scientist needs to be creative. ;i+#fQO7Q
%ULr8)R;
SMK_6?MZ
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
X)3!_
Passage 3 }*"p?L^p{
X!g#T9kG
文章大意: 7. ;3e@s
这篇文章从定义、作用及产生过程几方面阐述了科学理论。科学理论是对观察 Pk)1WK7E
\dQNLLg/
到的相关事物的解释。经常包括一个想象的模式来帮助科学家想象事物的产生过 K",N!koj
jrh43
\$*
程。而一个实用的理论,不仅可以解释以往的观察,还可以帮助预测等待观察的事 Ooy7*W';
物。观察又可以验证一个理论是否正确。科学除了包括收集信息和做实验,还需要 jW@Uo=I[
Mf``_=K
创造性的思考,然后形成可能的问题解决方法,即假设。假设总是朝着未知领域前进 H$4:lH&(
一步,它拓宽了科学家的视野,经过验证后的假设就变成了理论。 lnR{jtWP
5`
: Yye
答案解析: Y:a]00&)#Y
]OzUGXxo~
[11]B第三句话中的代词“this'’指代前一句提到的“an imaginary model"。因为这个 HyWCMK6b
例子就是要说明在动力分子理论中,气体被描绘成由许多不停运动的小分子所 D}/vLw :v
组成,即前句中“理论常包含一个想象模式来帮助科学家描绘事件的产生过 T
nm.A?
5XBH$&Td
程。” +srGN5!
gB'6`'
[12]C第三段最后一句中“科学是由事实构成的,就象房屋是由砖建成的。但是事实 6NHX2Ja
堆积起来并不能成为科学,这比用砖块搭房子复杂得多”。因此说科学并不是 n.(FQx.F
g}',(tPMZ
简单的堆砌事实。 tZG:Pr1U@
[13]C最后一段第二句话,“假设”使科学家的思想可以超越已知事实。 n6a`;0f[R
[IhYh<i
[14]C最后一段第四句话,若没有假设,更深入的调查就会缺少目标和方向。所假设 )+ 2hl
d-dEQKI?;
的一个主要作用就是给科研提供方向。 mL: sJf
oM`0y@QCf
[15]D第二段第一句说明理论不仅可以解释以往的观察,还可以帮助预测还未观察 Npy:!
@J`"[%U
到的。 *bA.zmzM
因此排除A。第二段最后两句,如果观察不能证实预测,那么说明实验有 V6re
qEh
6j LCU%^
错或理论可能应被修改或推翻,因此排除B。而C在文章中没有涉及。根据第 hZ
dNeVo|Y~h
三段最后一句话,科学需要想象力和创造性思考,可以得出D为正确答案。