考博英语翻译和
阅读中拦路虎就是考博生们头疼的长难句，freekaobo手把手教你攻克长难句，让
考博英语翻译和考博英语阅读变简单。
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`4a 0~? w/1Os!p 考博英语长难句，其实不管句子多长，结构多么复杂，看起来多难，无外乎是由英语中的8种句子成分(即：主语、谓语、宾语、表语、补语、定语、状语、同位语)组合而成，或者说是在英语中的5种基本句型(即：主谓结构、主谓宾结构、主系表结构、主谓双宾结构、主谓宾宾补结构)的框架之上添加修饰成分扩展而来的，所以只要掌握了长难句拆分的方法，再长再难的句子就都迎刃而解了。怎么拆分呢？其实是有一些信号大家可以把握住的，下面考博论坛就谈谈这些拆分信号，并通过实例告诉大家如何拆分。
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XQ- 考博英语长难句拆分信号： j}`XF?2D 1、标点符号：
+|w%}/N 比如，2个逗号形成插入语，破折号表示解释说明，分号相当于“and”表示并列;
'kBq@> 2、连词： w/oXFs&FK 并列句的并列连词and、or、but、yet、for等，从句的从属连词which、that、when、how、if等;
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Bq>vr 3、介词： n:8<Ijrh 介词引导介词短语，介词短语在句子中可充当定语、状语等修饰成分;
8[B0[2O 4、不定式符号to： [ uLpm*7 不定式符号to引导不定式短语，在句子中除了可以充当主语、宾语、表语、补语等主干成分外，还可做定语、状语等修饰成分;
d69synEw>k 5、分词： qS!U1R?s 分词包括现在分词和过去分词，在句子中可充当定语和状语修饰成分。
oc>N| ww: 下面我们就按照长难句拆分原则，依照这些拆分信号，结合考博英语阅读或翻译例题中的长难句进行实战演练一下吧! <*3#nA-O>i 1、This trend began during the Second World War, when several governments came to the conclusion that the specific demands that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment cannot generally be foreseen in detail.
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M:6 \B (1)句子拆分 Q/%] %d 拆分点：从属连词、介词、标点符号
V |hr 9 This trend began ∥during the Second World War, ∥ when several governments came to the conclusion ∥that the specific demands ∥that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment cannot generally be foreseen ∥in detail.
]V m:iF#5P (2)句子结构 9=}&evGm89 找谓语动词(began, came, wants, cannot be foreseen);
4XNdsb ↓
L;i(@tp|v 找连词(when, that, that)
2uzy]faM ↓
:>*0./hG 前面没有从属连词的动词即为主句的谓语动词
VUUE2k;^ ↓
^JY,K 确定主从句
* %n(t+'q 主句：This trend began during the Second World War ;
7m. >2U 从句：定语从句when several governments came to the conclusion修饰the Second World War，本从句嵌套着一个二级从句即同位语从句that the specific demands cannot generally be foreseen in detail修饰conclusion和一个三级从句that引导的定语从句that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment修饰demands。
|0nt u+ (3)解析 yfZYGhPN( during the Second World War介词短语做状语;when several governments came to the conclusion that the specific demands that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment cannot generally be foreseen in detail 做定语修饰the Second World War ;that the specific demands cannot generally be foreseen in detail同位语从句修饰conclusion ;that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment修饰demands。
giH WC%/ (4)本句的参考译文 l&_PsnU 这种趋势始于第二次世界大战期间，当时一些国家的政府得出结论：政府向科研机构提出的要求通常是无法详尽预见的。
q+U&lw|"w 总之，只要考生对句子结构有个透彻的理解，弄清句子的各个成分，并可以借助连词、介词、非谓语动词等手段把句子由简单变得复杂，由复杂变得简单，这样句子结构分析技能提高了，长难句也就攻克了，对于考博英语阅读和翻译的理解也就简单了。
#: xv]qb`k [ 此帖被nanafly在2019-08-22 23:03重新编辑 ]
