考博英语翻译和
阅读中拦路虎就是考博生们头疼的长难句，freekaobo手把手教你攻克长难句，让
考博英语翻译和考博英语阅读变简单。
TR~|c|B T F%3uH 考博英语长难句，其实不管句子多长，结构多么复杂，看起来多难，无外乎是由英语中的8种句子成分(即：主语、谓语、宾语、表语、补语、定语、状语、同位语)组合而成，或者说是在英语中的5种基本句型(即：主谓结构、主谓宾结构、主系表结构、主谓双宾结构、主谓宾宾补结构)的框架之上添加修饰成分扩展而来的，所以只要掌握了长难句拆分的方法，再长再难的句子就都迎刃而解了。怎么拆分呢？其实是有一些信号大家可以把握住的，下面考博论坛就谈谈这些拆分信号，并通过实例告诉大家如何拆分。
F OeVRq:# 考博英语长难句拆分信号： "/Om}*VhD 1、标点符号： 9LH=3Qt 比如，2个逗号形成插入语，破折号表示解释说明，分号相当于“and”表示并列;
< D~6v2$ 2、连词： tCX9:2c 并列句的并列连词and、or、but、yet、for等，从句的从属连词which、that、when、how、if等;
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]O^$L 3、介词： #FEa 5 介词引导介词短语，介词短语在句子中可充当定语、状语等修饰成分;
|3S'8Oe CI 4、不定式符号to： $p jf#P8U 不定式符号to引导不定式短语，在句子中除了可以充当主语、宾语、表语、补语等主干成分外，还可做定语、状语等修饰成分;
d [) _sa 5、分词： n"mJEkHE 分词包括现在分词和过去分词，在句子中可充当定语和状语修饰成分。
{a]pF .^kf 下面我们就按照长难句拆分原则，依照这些拆分信号，结合考博英语阅读或翻译例题中的长难句进行实战演练一下吧! =E&2 4 1、This trend began during the Second World War, when several governments came to the conclusion that the specific demands that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment cannot generally be foreseen in detail.
L^3~gM"! (1)句子拆分 PP!l 拆分点：从属连词、介词、标点符号
Tku /OG' This trend began ∥during the Second World War, ∥ when several governments came to the conclusion ∥that the specific demands ∥that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment cannot generally be foreseen ∥in detail.
Yr5iZ ~V$ (2)句子结构 C5>{Q:.`e' 找谓语动词(began, came, wants, cannot be foreseen);
hN& yc ↓
^uC"df H 找连词(when, that, that)
4Y`! bT` ↓
F# jCEq 前面没有从属连词的动词即为主句的谓语动词
A(q
~{ ↓
V/`# B$6 确定主从句
)\um "l*\c 主句：This trend began during the Second World War ;
,D:iQDG^ 从句：定语从句when several governments came to the conclusion修饰the Second World War，本从句嵌套着一个二级从句即同位语从句that the specific demands cannot generally be foreseen in detail修饰conclusion和一个三级从句that引导的定语从句that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment修饰demands。
C ]yvK} (3)解析 6] .yRNy" during the Second World War介词短语做状语;when several governments came to the conclusion that the specific demands that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment cannot generally be foreseen in detail 做定语修饰the Second World War ;that the specific demands cannot generally be foreseen in detail同位语从句修饰conclusion ;that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment修饰demands。
lO551Y^ (4)本句的参考译文 [Xs}FJ 这种趋势始于第二次世界大战期间，当时一些国家的政府得出结论：政府向科研机构提出的要求通常是无法详尽预见的。
T^KCB\\< 总之，只要考生对句子结构有个透彻的理解，弄清句子的各个成分，并可以借助连词、介词、非谓语动词等手段把句子由简单变得复杂，由复杂变得简单，这样句子结构分析技能提高了，长难句也就攻克了，对于考博英语阅读和翻译的理解也就简单了。
qJsQb [ 此帖被nanafly在2019-08-22 23:03重新编辑 ]
