Introduction
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a4I ; It is difficult to identify errors in your own written work, but if you can leave 3 or 4 minutes at the end of the test to perform a careful rereading of each task, you will almost certainly be able to find and correct some.
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Ghu- Common errors
iO`f{?b Here are some common errors found in Hong Kong university students' written work. Watch out for them when you are proof reading.
hJ N A% Run-on Sentences and Sentence Fragments
Q NE aj\ Check each sentence to make sure it has a subject and a verb and that it expresses a complete concept.
]!w52kF 7 Do not run two sentences together incorrectly. Use punctuation (full stops, colons or semicolons) or linking words to separate them or clarify meaning.
xG L"N1 Punctuation
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- TK Use capital letters at the start of sentences and for names of persons, cities, countries, languages, streets, and titles.
m#'9)%t!J End every sentence with a full stop or question mark.
o *'3N/D~ Use punctuation (commas, colons, semi-colons) within individual sentences to separate phrases and for easier understanding.
wE 2?/wb Place exact quotes in quotation marks. Full stops and commas go inside the quotation marks.
*CSFkWVa Use apostrophes correctly to indicate possession.
30"G%DF d This website gives more information on the general use of punctuation.
r; !us ~ http://owl.english.purdue.edu/handouts/grammar/index.html#Punctuation. 2c]O Mtk Subject-Verb Agreement
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NZ'k Check every subject and verb to make sure that if you have used a singular subject, you have also used a singular verb. Similarly, a plural subject needs a plural verb. Pay extra care to add an 's' to present simple tense verbs in the 3rd person singular.
(@9}FHJzi e.g. The IELTS exam tests our level of English.
nr;/:[F Sentence Length
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+I Keep sentences reasonably short. General guidelines for academic writing recommend a maximum of 25 words per sentence.
u"ow ?[E Break long sentences into shorter units.
`h#JDcT ;a If too short, perhaps you could link them using a conjunction or other transitional device, but do not overdo this (e.g. by starting nearly every sentence with a linking word.)
YQJ _t@0C Cohesion (sentences)
**"sru;@= Ensure that each sentence follows clearly and logically from the one before it. Note that it is not necessary to keep all sentences the same length; sentences of different lengths in each paragraph makes for a more interesting writing style.
UPsh Y Cohesion (paragraphs)
e2v,#3Q\ Each paragraph should contain a topic sentence which states the main idea, fact or opinion.
EBm\rM8 Paragraphs should be around 4 -5 sentences long. Task one will probably contain 2-3 paragraphs, task two, 4 - 5. Try to use the last sentence to connect in some way with the paragraph after, or the first sentence to link with the paragraph before. Limit paragraph length to a maximum of 100 words.
Ff30 % Verb Tenses
N !:& $z- Use the correct tense to express what you want to say and try to keep tenses consistent.
= n!8>8d These websites give more information on verb tense usage.
3:RZ@~ u= http://webster.commnet.edu/grammar/verbs.htm#tense ;2^=#7I? http://elc.polyu.edu.hk/CILL/exercises/choosing-verbs.htm =`")\?z} http://owl.english.purdue.edu/handouts/esl/esltensverb.html a<Ta *:R$0 Spelling
4 Q.70 Before the test, when you practise writing tasks, check the spelling of any word you are unsure about. Be especially careful of the "ei" and "ie" words, words which add "-ing" and/or "ed," and words with one or more sets of double letters.
