Introduction
-tA_"q'^ It is difficult to identify errors in your own written work, but if you can leave 3 or 4 minutes at the end of the test to perform a careful rereading of each task, you will almost certainly be able to find and correct some.
*p0Kw> Common errors
W<:x4gBa Here are some common errors found in Hong Kong university students' written work. Watch out for them when you are proof reading.
OMAvJzK . Run-on Sentences and Sentence Fragments
bnZ H Check each sentence to make sure it has a subject and a verb and that it expresses a complete concept.
KNjU!Z/4 Do not run two sentences together incorrectly. Use punctuation (full stops, colons or semicolons) or linking words to separate them or clarify meaning.
5 zz">-Q ! Punctuation
B+z>$6 Use capital letters at the start of sentences and for names of persons, cities, countries, languages, streets, and titles.
K[S)e!\. End every sentence with a full stop or question mark.
TE6]4 E* Use punctuation (commas, colons, semi-colons) within individual sentences to separate phrases and for easier understanding.
JCci*F#r Place exact quotes in quotation marks. Full stops and commas go inside the quotation marks.
7^C&2k 5G Use apostrophes correctly to indicate possession.
gYBMi)`RT This website gives more information on the general use of punctuation.
$'<FPbUtD} http://owl.english.purdue.edu/handouts/grammar/index.html#Punctuation.
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H: Subject-Verb Agreement
O8~RfB Check every subject and verb to make sure that if you have used a singular subject, you have also used a singular verb. Similarly, a plural subject needs a plural verb. Pay extra care to add an 's' to present simple tense verbs in the 3rd person singular.
Lngf,Of.e e.g. The IELTS exam tests our level of English.
Pn l}<i Sentence Length
@w;$M]o1 Keep sentences reasonably short. General guidelines for academic writing recommend a maximum of 25 words per sentence.
yMt:L )+ Break long sentences into shorter units.
GT\ yjrCd If too short, perhaps you could link them using a conjunction or other transitional device, but do not overdo this (e.g. by starting nearly every sentence with a linking word.)
l,Fn_zO Cohesion (sentences)
N`~f77G Ensure that each sentence follows clearly and logically from the one before it. Note that it is not necessary to keep all sentences the same length; sentences of different lengths in each paragraph makes for a more interesting writing style.
^7yaM B! Cohesion (paragraphs)
{< EPm&q Each paragraph should contain a topic sentence which states the main idea, fact or opinion.
Qq'e#nI@ Paragraphs should be around 4 -5 sentences long. Task one will probably contain 2-3 paragraphs, task two, 4 - 5. Try to use the last sentence to connect in some way with the paragraph after, or the first sentence to link with the paragraph before. Limit paragraph length to a maximum of 100 words.
(\o4 c0UzK Verb Tenses
q] Kv.x]$R Use the correct tense to express what you want to say and try to keep tenses consistent.
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V: These websites give more information on verb tense usage.
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9) http://webster.commnet.edu/grammar/verbs.htm#tense ,
U)&ny http://elc.polyu.edu.hk/CILL/exercises/choosing-verbs.htm qHT73_R http://owl.english.purdue.edu/handouts/esl/esltensverb.html {rK]Q! yj Spelling
zszmG^W{ Before the test, when you practise writing tasks, check the spelling of any word you are unsure about. Be especially careful of the "ei" and "ie" words, words which add "-ing" and/or "ed," and words with one or more sets of double letters.
