英语语法的十六种时态 一、概况
"[p@tc?5 b#)UUGmI 一般时
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qL 进行时
|WryBzZ>on `IpA.| Y 完成时
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k^ F@X 完成进行时
iTh:N2/-vc 3l<S}k@M) 一般现在时 现在进行时 现在完成时 现在完成进行时 一般过去时 过去进行时 过去完成时 过去完成进行时 一般将来时 将来进行时 将来完成时 将来完成进行时 一般过去将来时 过去将来进行时 过去将来完成时 过去将来完成进行时
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^x bOp54WI-g 二、十六种时态的谓语形势
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-Je 一般时态 进行时态 完成时态 完成进行时态 现在 do/does am/is/are doing have/has done have/has been doing 过去 did was/were doing had done had been doing 将来 shall/will do shall/will be doing shall/will have done shall/will have been doing 过去将来 should/would do
i|)Su4Dw should/would be doing should/would have done should/would have been doing
5m:i6,4 一般过去时的用法
L%}zVCg "P@>M) -9Z 1)表示在过去一段时间内,经常性或习惯性的动作。
l%z< (L5 When I was a child, I often played football in the street.
raVA?|'g~ Whenever the Browns went during their visit, they were given a warm welcome.
FOwDp0 f~OU*P>V@ 2)句型:
P #F=c34u It is time for sb. to do sth "到……时间了" "该……了"
o'~5pS(wq It is time sb. did sth. "时间已迟了" "早该……了"
7+TiyY]K It is time for you to go to bed. 你该睡觉了。
Sw`RBN[ yo It is time you went to bed. 你早该睡觉了。
O|A_PyW would (had) rather sb. did sth. 表示'宁愿某人做某事'
LLWB I'd rather you came tomorrow.
x6afI<dm *rZ^^`4R 3) wish, wonder, think, hope 等用过去时,作试探性的询问、请求、建议等。
GSoZx0 I thought you might have some. 我以为你想要一些。
49Df?sx /:6Wzj 比较:
+t4BQf 一般过去时表示的动作或状态都已成为过去,现已不复存在。
.I VlEG0 Christine was an invalid all her life.
@\oz4^ (含义:她已不在人间。)
._wkj Christine has been an invalid all her life.
6ZgU"!|r (含义:她现在还活着)
+(O~]Q-Ez Mrs. Darby lived in Kentucky for seven years.
04%S+y.6&Y (含义:达比太太已不再住在肯塔基州。)
6qe*@o Mrs. Darby has lived in Kentucky for seven years.
{Y}dv`G#Iu ( 含义:现在还住在肯塔基州,有可能指刚离去)
O9'x-A% Uw-p758dD 注意: 用过去时表示现在,表示委婉语气。
h=kQ$`j6 1)动词want, hope, wonder, think, intend 等。
7f<EoSK Did you want anything else?
,y9iKkg I wondered if you could help me.
%xlqF< 2)情态动词 could, would.
$rXh0g Could you lend me your bike?
}7{t^>;D 一般将来时
% |q0-x ,U *)2`[ r4x3$M c 1) shall用于第一人称,常被will 所代替。
2>}xhQJ will 在陈述句中用于各人称,在争求意见时常用于第二人称。
&Gm$:T'~ Which paragraph shall I read first.
R
j~ Will you be at home at seven this evening?
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<eC<dtu EzW)'Zzw~ 2) be going to +不定式,表示将来。
@4%L36k a. 主语的意图,即将做某事。
=k3!RW' What are you going to do tomorrow?
S1n3(U:m b. 计划,安排要发生的事。
}],Z;: the play is going to be produced next month。
*BD=O@ c. 有迹象要发生的事
rOW-0B+N Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm.
$d+DDm1o f:zFFpP.j@ 3) be +不定式表将来,按计划或正式安排将发生的事。
G{aT2c We are to discuss the report next Saturday.
0Q"u#V Sp k>}g\a, 4) be about to +不定式,意为马上做某事。
M-NV_W&M He is about to leave for Beijing.
[=uo1% 注意:be about to 不能与tomorrow, next week 等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用。
d#:3be{|&q 现在进行时
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E< 4l#Z< Mr. GREen is writing another novel.
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(说话时并未在写,只处于写作的状态。)
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@
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>Co! c. 表示渐变的动词有:get, grow, become, turn, run, go, begin等。
ZA~Z1Mro#" the leaves are turning red.
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y"-I!& It's getting warmer and warmer.
RVtQ20e";r d. 与always, constantly, forever 等词连用,表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态,往往带有说话人的主观色彩。
(VyNvB You are always changing your mind.
`T/~.`R ^Yr0@pE 典型例题
vv6$>SU My dictionary ___, I have looked for it everywhere but still___ it.
y<W8Q<9 A. has lost, don't find B. is missing, don't find C. has lost, haven't found D. is missing, haven't found.
LCXO>MXN 答案D. 前句是一个仍在持续的状态,应用进行时,由于没有找到,其影响仍然存在,应用完成时,瞬间动词用于否定式时可用于完成时。
tc_f;S`k 过去进行时
dNY"]b y$Zj?Dd# 1) 概念:表示过去某时正在进行的状态或动作。
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n9 pl*~kG= 2) 过去进行时的主要用法是描述一件事发生的背景;一个长动作发生的时候,另一个短动作发生。
|ifHSc.j< GYRYbiwqdi 3) 常用的时间状语
,zcQS-e2 this morning, the whole morning, all day yesterday, from nine to ten last evening, when, while
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^h>e Hyk'c't_O My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself.
u'Q?T7 It was raining when they left the station.
[c K^+s)N When I got to the top of the mountain, the sun was shining.
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$X`y%*<<v 典型例题
R)Q4 1) Mary ___ a dress when she cut her finger.
P=AS>N^yaL A. made B. is making C. was making D. makes
XR# ;{p+b 答案C. 割伤手指是已发生的事情,应用过去时。同 时,when表时间的同时性,"玛丽在做衣服时"提供事情发生的背景,因此用过去进行时。
TDK@)mP 2H#N{>7 2) As she ___ the newspaper, Granny ___ asleep.
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p read; was falling B. was reading; fell C. was reading; was falling D. read;fell
=?}twC$ 答案B.句中的as = when, while,意为"当……之时"。描述一件事发生的背景时,用过去进行;一个长动作发生的时候,另一个短动作发生。句意为 "在她看报纸时,奶奶睡着了。"句中的 fell (fall的过去时),是系动词,后跟形容词,如:fall sick。
Zp`T 比较过去时与现在完成时
2f, B$-# 4k}e28 Hy;Hs# ^~ =9 一般过去时的时间状语:
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>&$ yesterday, last week,…ago, in1980, in October, just now, 具体的时间状语
Ry;$^.7% V%L/8Q~ 共同的时间状语:
#5CI)4x0! this morning, tonight,this April, now, once,before, already, recently,lately
4z4v\IpB ~GB=Nz 现在完成时的时间状语
kN9yO5h7 for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till / until, up to now, in past years, always,
ND]S(C"? 不确定的时间状语
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,P r((Tavn 3)现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态,动词一般是延续性的,如live, teach, learn, work, study, know.
WnxEu3U 过去时常用的非持续性动词有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等。
CDg AGy 举例:
nnCug I saw this film yesterday.
V%
axeqs (强调看的动作发生过了。)
<bmLy_": I have seen this film.
- V)
R< (强调对现在的影响,电影的内容已经知道了。)
jp<VK<s] Why did you get up so early?
d+2daKi (强调起床的动作已发生过了。)
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*3I; Who hasn't handed in his paper?
:X>DkRP (强调有卷子,可能为不公平竞争。)
`| 9K u She has returned from Paris.
o" _=K%9 她已从巴黎回来了。
n.$(}A She returned yesterday.
av' *u 她是昨天回来了。
9;f|EGwZ He has been in the League for three years.
Ti= 3y497S (在团内的状态可延续)
9{eBgdC He has been a League member for three years.
gbGTG
(:1S (是团员的状态可持续)
zXre~b03ZS He joined the League three years ago.
%?tq;~|]Q ( 三年前入团,joined为短暂行为。)
k/`i6%F#m I have finished my homework now.
'U)8rR *BOBH;s ---Will somebody go and get Dr. White?
Jp]T9W\ ---He's already been sent for.
|~$7X 句子中如有过去时的时间副词(如 yesterday, last, week, in 1960)时,不能使用现在完成时,要用过去时。
-V=arm\#z (错)Tom has written a letter to his parents last night.
"{F;M{h$}, (对)Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.
新开千年私服了!
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