英语语法的十六种时态 一、概况
-d+o\qp"# DH IC:6EY 一般时
Ea<kc[Q B!j 7vXM2 进行时
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X}%) 59k[A~) ~ 完成时
|#i|BVnoE r,8~qHbOT 完成进行时
hI6Tp>b*~ :iEIo7B 一般现在时 现在进行时 现在完成时 现在完成进行时 一般过去时 过去进行时 过去完成时 过去完成进行时 一般将来时 将来进行时 将来完成时 将来完成进行时 一般过去将来时 过去将来进行时 过去将来完成时 过去将来完成进行时
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D6 二、十六种时态的谓语形势
l>D!@`><I 一般时态 进行时态 完成时态 完成进行时态 现在 do/does am/is/are doing have/has done have/has been doing 过去 did was/were doing had done had been doing 将来 shall/will do shall/will be doing shall/will have done shall/will have been doing 过去将来 should/would do
nhImO@Q: should/would be doing should/would have done should/would have been doing
Ljs4^vy <J 一般过去时的用法
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PZ} :ceT8-PBRx 1）表示在过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性的动作。
}trQ<*D When I was a child, I often played football in the street.
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O Whenever the Browns went during their visit, they were given a warm welcome.
x%J.$o[<_ BenUyv1d 2）句型：
^&!iq K2o It is time for sb. to do sth "到……时间了" "该……了"
[AN= G!r It is time sb. did sth. "时间已迟了" "早该……了"
M ZWicfUy It is time for you to go to bed. 你该睡觉了。
H$)__V5I,q It is time you went to bed. 你早该睡觉了。
njGZ#{"eC would (had) rather sb. did sth. 表示'宁愿某人做某事'
f7v|N) I'd rather you came tomorrow.
UZ-[vD1n $,8}3R5} 3) wish, wonder, think, hope 等用过去时，作试探性的询问、请求、建议等。
j|w_B O 9 I thought you might have some. 我以为你想要一些。
*5z "Xy3J E HH+)mlo 比较：
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u)' 一般过去时表示的动作或状态都已成为过去，现已不复存在。
Sej( jJX1 Christine was an invalid all her life.
"}^}3"/. (含义：她已不在人间。)
H$ !sK Christine has been an invalid all her life.
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(含义：她现在还活着)
nq 9{{oe Mrs. Darby lived in Kentucky for seven years.
ftRzgW); (含义：达比太太已不再住在肯塔基州。)
W.7XShwd*2 Mrs. Darby has lived in Kentucky for seven years.
]EfM;'j[ ( 含义：现在还住在肯塔基州，有可能指刚离去)
Rc#c^F< Psw<9[ 注意： 用过去时表示现在，表示委婉语气。
PNRZUZ4Z| 1）动词want, hope, wonder, think, intend 等。
r#\Lq;+ -B Did you want anything else?
'"]QAj?N I wondered if you could help me.
{33B%5n" 2）情态动词 could, would.
G%XjDxo$I Could you lend me your bike?
f <LRM 一般将来时
O>/& -Wk= uU!}/mbo )|`w;F> 1) shall用于第一人称，常被will 所代替。
+OfHa\Nz will 在陈述句中用于各人称，在争求意见时常用于第二人称。
a=AP*adx8 Which paragraph shall I read first.
k A{eT Will you be at home at seven this evening?
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,U$ zE , `U'q|b 2) be going to +不定式，表示将来。
&e;GoJ a. 主语的意图，即将做某事。
.M >g`UW What are you going to do tomorrow?
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)_ b. 计划，安排要发生的事。
f_;6uCCO the play is going to be produced next month。
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Zj:3e ?.6fVSa 3) be +不定式表将来，按计划或正式安排将发生的事。
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wb~ We are to discuss the report next Saturday.
57`9{.HB -b'a-? 4) be about to +不定式，意为马上做某事。
~zyD=jx P9 He is about to leave for Beijing.
CNrK]+> 注意：be about to 不能与tomorrow, next week 等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用。
O"m(C[+ [ 现在进行时
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OG{vap ) Mr. GREen is writing another novel.
qExmf%q:q (说话时并未在写，只处于写作的状态。)
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She is learning piano under Mr. Smith.
BOW R}n!g c. 表示渐变的动词有：get, grow, become, turn, run, go, begin等。
:{M1]0 NH the leaves are turning red.
+~!\;71:f It's getting warmer and warmer.
G*W54 [ d. 与always, constantly, forever 等词连用，表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态，往往带有说话人的主观色彩。
O%p+P<J You are always changing your mind.
sX|bp)Nw q+cx.Rc# 典型例题
fSw6nEXn My dictionary ___, I have looked for it everywhere but still___ it.
CINC1Ll_24 A. has lost, don't find B. is missing, don't find C. has lost, haven't found D. is missing, haven't found.
>SaT?k1E 答案D. 前句是一个仍在持续的状态，应用进行时，由于没有找到，其影响仍然存在，应用完成时，瞬间动词用于否定式时可用于完成时。
OpxJiu=W 过去进行时
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:/X CyV(+KBe_ 1） 概念：表示过去某时正在进行的状态或动作。
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)Y 2） 过去进行时的主要用法是描述一件事发生的背景；一个长动作发生的时候，另一个短动作发生。
6}^6+@LG UY `U[# 3) 常用的时间状语
P#N@W_""YD this morning, the whole morning, all day yesterday, from nine to ten last evening, when, while
t7qzA r /4bHN:I]M kbKGGn4u My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself.
Nd;,Wz] It was raining when they left the station.
{>8u/ When I got to the top of the mountain, the sun was shining.
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=Z `) {[$JiljD 典型例题
7B8.;0X$W 1) Mary ___ a dress when she cut her finger.
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64(7 A. made B. is making C. was making D. makes
ddG5g 答案C. 割伤手指是已发生的事情，应用过去时。同 时，when表时间的同时性，"玛丽在做衣服时"提供事情发生的背景，因此用过去进行时。
5.X`[/]<r c/ s$*" 2) As she ___ the newspaper, Granny ___ asleep.
8V(-S, read； was falling B. was reading； fell C. was reading； was falling D. read；fell
NkL>ru! b9 答案B.句中的as = when, while，意为"当……之时"。描述一件事发生的背景时，用过去进行；一个长动作发生的时候，另一个短动作发生。句意为 "在她看报纸时，奶奶睡着了。"句中的 fell (fall的过去时)，是系动词，后跟形容词，如：fall sick。
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u Q=T/hb &I=F4 z v''F\V ) 一般过去时的时间状语:
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3d yesterday, last week，…ago, in1980, in October, just now, 具体的时间状语
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i 37y 共同的时间状语:
`6B jNV this morning, tonight,this April, now, once，before, already, recently，lately
b0abl Vk )Ept yH 现在完成时的时间状语
H<w r usRg for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till / until, up to now, in past years, always,
(cLcY %$ 不确定的时间状语
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MT UJsH\ 3）现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态，动词一般是延续性的，如live, teach, learn, work, study, know.
( V^C7ix: 过去时常用的非持续性动词有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等。
Y*q_>kps" 举例：
5U 5)$K'OA I saw this film yesterday.
O~=|6 #c （强调看的动作发生过了。）
]v6s](CE I have seen this film.
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DE%ot （强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了。）
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)VgY Why did you get up so early?
\]gUX- （强调起床的动作已发生过了。）
*&A/0]w Who hasn't handed in his paper?
^ua 8Ya （强调有卷子，可能为不公平竞争。）
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.HE She has returned from Paris.
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Z uIw4u(9 She returned yesterday.
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CLT 她是昨天回来了。
z=/xv}, He has been in the League for three years.
k5ZkD+0Jo (在团内的状态可延续)
uxsfQ%3`# He has been a League member for three years.
N5 Rda2m (是团员的状态可持续)
O!=ae| He joined the League three years ago.
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z ;Py] ( 三年前入团，joined为短暂行为。)
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vtY._ I have finished my homework now.
h..D1(M 5o P 3 1 ---Will somebody go and get Dr. White?
d|?'yX ---He's already been sent for.
+o7Np| Ou 句子中如有过去时的时间副词（如 yesterday, last, week, in 1960）时，不能使用现在完成时，要用过去时。
M^ twD* （错）Tom has written a letter to his parents last night.
8LZmr|/F* （对）Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.
新开千年私服了!
奇迹私服 
