英语语法的十六种时态 一、概况
`=vL?w^QS ixE72bX 一般时
~t.*B& A i|)<#Ywl 进行时
(7;}F~?h uiP fAPZ 完成时
[8(e`6xePb ZG H2 完成进行时
^<.mUaP tTX2>8Gmr 一般现在时 现在进行时 现在完成时 现在完成进行时 一般过去时 过去进行时 过去完成时 过去完成进行时 一般将来时 将来进行时 将来完成时 将来完成进行时 一般过去将来时 过去将来进行时 过去将来完成时 过去将来完成进行时
g3Xq@RAJ c @K3<K ( 二、十六种时态的谓语形势
'Oyz/P(p 一般时态 进行时态 完成时态 完成进行时态 现在 do/does am/is/are doing have/has done have/has been doing 过去 did was/were doing had done had been doing 将来 shall/will do shall/will be doing shall/will have done shall/will have been doing 过去将来 should/would do
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^ should/would be doing should/would have done should/would have been doing
AQDT6E: 一般过去时的用法
$NWXn,Y' 7D@O:yO 1）表示在过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性的动作。
^u D r When I was a child, I often played football in the street.
Ze~^+ EE Whenever the Browns went during their visit, they were given a warm welcome.
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1 *&Np;^~ 2）句型：
Bl F>TI%2 It is time for sb. to do sth "到……时间了" "该……了"
C{`+h163\ It is time sb. did sth. "时间已迟了" "早该……了"
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a@ It is time for you to go to bed. 你该睡觉了。
F3HpDf y It is time you went to bed. 你早该睡觉了。
Gg]>S# ^3 would (had) rather sb. did sth. 表示'宁愿某人做某事'
z
Wb>y I'd rather you came tomorrow.
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k F4xYfbwY"] 3) wish, wonder, think, hope 等用过去时，作试探性的询问、请求、建议等。
sw ss#?.se I thought you might have some. 我以为你想要一些。
f0 2 <u %5?qS`/c( 比较：
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H! 一般过去时表示的动作或状态都已成为过去，现已不复存在。
Uo>pV 9xRG Christine was an invalid all her life.
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v17H" (含义：她已不在人间。)
fjVGps$ j Christine has been an invalid all her life.
]:uJ&xUar (含义：她现在还活着)
r -&Rjg Mrs. Darby lived in Kentucky for seven years.
.Zv@ i L5 (含义：达比太太已不再住在肯塔基州。)
d:cs8f4> Mrs. Darby has lived in Kentucky for seven years.
];P$w.0 ( 含义：现在还住在肯塔基州，有可能指刚离去)
xfZ. yAz`n[ 注意： 用过去时表示现在，表示委婉语气。
fTQRn 1）动词want, hope, wonder, think, intend 等。
i P gewjx Did you want anything else?
n]c6nX:' I wondered if you could help me.
{>$ i)B 2）情态动词 could, would.
COvcR.*0F Could you lend me your bike?
<mN.6@*{ 一般将来时
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i 1) shall用于第一人称，常被will 所代替。
[*^` rQ will 在陈述句中用于各人称，在争求意见时常用于第二人称。
o,}`4_N|| Which paragraph shall I read first.
l-4+{6lz Will you be at home at seven this evening?
$ <'i+kK >#~!03 2) be going to +不定式，表示将来。
c4H5[LPF a. 主语的意图，即将做某事。
m? wPZ^u What are you going to do tomorrow?
<=D !/7$ O b. 计划，安排要发生的事。
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W the play is going to be produced next month。
5A^$!q P c. 有迹象要发生的事
O)v?GQRj Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm.
!mX-g]4E 6yU#;|6d 3) be +不定式表将来，按计划或正式安排将发生的事。
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8% We are to discuss the report next Saturday.
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^J:@ 4) be about to +不定式，意为马上做某事。
v2 a b He is about to leave for Beijing.
s1"dd7&g' 注意：be about to 不能与tomorrow, next week 等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用。
kx3?'=0;5 现在进行时
jEa U; xJ=@xfr$ ,\".|m1o. Mr. GREen is writing another novel.
%t. L;G (说话时并未在写，只处于写作的状态。)
+c&oF,=}!P She is learning piano under Mr. Smith.
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+x@ c. 表示渐变的动词有：get, grow, become, turn, run, go, begin等。
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[w&R the leaves are turning red.
PP 1?UT=] It's getting warmer and warmer.
q`u ^ sc d. 与always, constantly, forever 等词连用，表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态，往往带有说话人的主观色彩。
#gQaNc? You are always changing your mind.
z+~klv 3 B)!ty " 典型例题
agI"Kh]j? My dictionary ___, I have looked for it everywhere but still___ it.
655OL)|cD6 A. has lost, don't find B. is missing, don't find C. has lost, haven't found D. is missing, haven't found.
r9\ 7I7z 答案D. 前句是一个仍在持续的状态，应用进行时，由于没有找到，其影响仍然存在，应用完成时，瞬间动词用于否定式时可用于完成时。
gL/D | = 过去进行时
iYPlgt/Y! $F#eD 0| 1） 概念：表示过去某时正在进行的状态或动作。
i L48 s%Y8;D,~+ 2） 过去进行时的主要用法是描述一件事发生的背景；一个长动作发生的时候，另一个短动作发生。
?D?l d g O_S%PX 3) 常用的时间状语
1 x'H # this morning, the whole morning, all day yesterday, from nine to ten last evening, when, while
\OlB (%E7 Sy0-tK 4 nD5+&
M0 My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself.
cxig <W It was raining when they left the station.
?LAiSg=eq When I got to the top of the mountain, the sun was shining.
<0h,{28 Acl?w }Y 典型例题
x o{y9V S 1) Mary ___ a dress when she cut her finger.
tupAU$h?! A. made B. is making C. was making D. makes
l2h1CtAU 答案C. 割伤手指是已发生的事情，应用过去时。同 时，when表时间的同时性，"玛丽在做衣服时"提供事情发生的背景，因此用过去进行时。
G^W'mV$xl z[?&bF<| 2) As she ___ the newspaper, Granny ___ asleep.
tVr^1 Y read； was falling B. was reading； fell C. was reading； was falling D. read；fell
9\S,$A{{* 答案B.句中的as = when, while，意为"当……之时"。描述一件事发生的背景时，用过去进行；一个长动作发生的时候，另一个短动作发生。句意为 "在她看报纸时，奶奶睡着了。"句中的 fell (fall的过去时)，是系动词，后跟形容词，如：fall sick。
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S\" 比较过去时与现在完成时
{=Z _L?j &0k`=?v$ `# c3
6 T$&vk#qr 一般过去时的时间状语:
c*DBa]u2 yesterday, last week，…ago, in1980, in October, just now, 具体的时间状语
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Fw /DGEI&}&:u 共同的时间状语:
^$x1~ }D this morning, tonight,this April, now, once，before, already, recently，lately
["~T)d' [ ;LP6n7v 现在完成时的时间状语
8 \Uy for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till / until, up to now, in past years, always,
.qfU^AHA 不确定的时间状语
E/ {v6S{)Y _(J4 3）现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态，动词一般是延续性的，如live, teach, learn, work, study, know.
}Q-%ij2 过去时常用的非持续性动词有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等。
l " , X 举例：
\L:+k ` I saw this film yesterday.
Mq Q'Kjo （强调看的动作发生过了。）
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C I have seen this film.
D`hg+64} （强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了。）
d8N4@3 CkL Why did you get up so early?
YtFH@M （强调起床的动作已发生过了。）
X( qs]: Who hasn't handed in his paper?
{Z_?7J&z （强调有卷子，可能为不公平竞争。）
,c6c =di She has returned from Paris.
LLU]KZhtY| 她已从巴黎回来了。
Nf1&UgX She returned yesterday.
hpOK9 她是昨天回来了。
vhz Q. > He has been in the League for three years.
$m[* )0 / (在团内的状态可延续)
sL4+O P- He has been a League member for three years.
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31 (是团员的状态可持续)
?, oE_H He joined the League three years ago.
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( 三年前入团，joined为短暂行为。)
_[{oK G^u I have finished my homework now.
G`R_kg9$ t`G<}t
---Will somebody go and get Dr. White?
PmlQW!gfBi ---He's already been sent for.
F ,h}HlU 句子中如有过去时的时间副词（如 yesterday, last, week, in 1960）时，不能使用现在完成时，要用过去时。
K?gO ]T{6 （错）Tom has written a letter to his parents last night.
Wf>=^ ~
` （对）Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.
新开千年私服了!
奇迹私服 
