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主题 : 英语语法的十六种时态
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楼主  发表于: 2008-07-18   

英语语法的十六种时态

英语语法的十六种时态 一、概况 "[p@tc?5  
b#)U UGmI  
一般时 r`S< A;  
W=B"Q qL  
进行时 |WryBzZ>on  
`IpA.| Y  
完成时 (UCK;k  
k^ F@X  
完成进行时 iTh:N2/-vc  
3l<S}k@M)  
一般现在时 现在进行时 现在完成时 现在完成进行时 一般过去时 过去进行时 过去完成时 过去完成进行时 一般将来时 将来进行时 将来完成时 将来完成进行时 一般过去将来时 过去将来进行时 过去将来完成时 过去将来完成进行时 wu9=N ^x  
bOp54WI-g  
二、十六种时态的谓语形势 e,_ -Je  
一般时态 进行时态 完成时态 完成进行时态 现在 do/does am/is/are doing have/has done have/has been doing 过去 did was/were doing had done had been doing 将来 shall/will do shall/will be doing shall/will have done shall/will have been doing 过去将来 should/would do i|)Su4Dw  
should/would be doing should/would have done should/would have been doing 5m:i6,4  
一般过去时的用法 L%}zVCg  
"P@>M)-9Z  
1)表示在过去一段时间内,经常性或习惯性的动作。 l%z<(L5  
  When I was a child, I often played football in the street. raVA?|'g~  
  Whenever the Browns went during their visit, they were given a warm welcome.      FOwDp0  
f~OU*P>V@  
2)句型: P #F=c34u  
  It is time for sb. to do sth  "到……时间了"  "该……了" o'~5pS(wq  
  It is time sb. did sth. "时间已迟了"  "早该……了" 7+TiyY]K  
  It is time for you to go to bed.  你该睡觉了。 Sw`RBN[ yo  
  It is time you went to bed.   你早该睡觉了。  O|A_PyW  
  would (had) rather sb. did sth. 表示'宁愿某人做某事' LLWB  
  I'd rather you came tomorrow. x6afI<dm  
*rZ^^`4R  
3) wish, wonder, think, hope 等用过去时,作试探性的询问、请求、建议等。 GSoZx0  
 I thought you might have some. 我以为你想要一些。 49Df?sx  
/:6Wzj  
比较: +t4BQf  
  一般过去时表示的动作或状态都已成为过去,现已不复存在。 .I VlEG0  
 Christine was an invalid all her life.  @\oz4^  
  (含义:她已不在人间。) ._wkj  
 Christine has been an invalid all her life.  6ZgU"!|r  
  (含义:她现在还活着) +(O~]Q-Ez  
 Mrs. Darby lived in Kentucky for seven years. 04%S+y.6&Y  
  (含义:达比太太已不再住在肯塔基州。) 6qe*@o  
 Mrs. Darby has lived in Kentucky for seven years. {Y}dv`G#Iu  
 ( 含义:现在还住在肯塔基州,有可能指刚离去) O9'x -A%  
   Uw-p758dD  
注意: 用过去时表示现在,表示委婉语气。 h=kQ$`j6  
1)动词want, hope, wonder, think, intend 等。 7f<EoSK  
   Did you want anything else? ,y9iKkg  
   I wondered if you could help me. %xlqF<  
2)情态动词 could, would.  $rXh0g  
   Could you lend me your bike? }7{t^>;D  
一般将来时 % |q0-x  
,U*)2`[  
r4x3$M c  
1) shall用于第一人称,常被will 所代替。 2>} xhQJ  
  will 在陈述句中用于各人称,在争求意见时常用于第二人称。 &Gm$:T'~  
  Which paragraph shall I read first. R  j~  
  Will you be at home at seven this evening? p <eC<dtu  
EzW)'Zzw~  
2) be going to +不定式,表示将来。 @4%L36k  
  a. 主语的意图,即将做某事。 =k3!RW'  
   What are you going to do tomorrow? S1n3(U:m  
  b. 计划,安排要发生的事。 }],Z;:  
   the play is going to be produced next month。 *BD=O@  
  c. 有迹象要发生的事 rOW-0B+N  
   Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm. $d+DDm1o  
f:zFFpP.j@  
3)  be +不定式表将来,按计划或正式安排将发生的事。 G{aT2c  
   We are to discuss the report next Saturday. 0Q"u#V Sp  
k>}g\a,  
4) be about to +不定式,意为马上做某事。 M-NV_W&M  
  He is about to leave for Beijing. [=uo1%  
  注意:be about to 不能与tomorrow, next week 等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用。 d#:3be{|&q  
现在进行时 nmlPX7!{$  
_2fkb=2@  
E< 4l#Z<  
   Mr. GREen is writing another novel.  >idBS  
   (说话时并未在写,只处于写作的状态。) /)N @ M  
   She is learning piano under Mr. Smith. 8pM >Co!  
 c. 表示渐变的动词有:get, grow, become, turn, run, go, begin等。 ZA~Z1Mro#"  
   the leaves are turning red. 6 y"-I !&  
   It's getting warmer and warmer. RVtQ20e";r  
 d. 与always, constantly, forever 等词连用,表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态,往往带有说话人的主观色彩。 (VyNvB  
   You are always changing your mind. `T/~.`R  
^Yr0@pE  
典型例题 vv6$>SU  
  My dictionary ___, I have looked for it everywhere but still___ it.  y<W8Q<9  
 A. has lost, don't find   B. is missing, don't find C. has lost, haven't found  D. is missing, haven't found.   LCXO>MXN  
  答案D. 前句是一个仍在持续的状态,应用进行时,由于没有找到,其影响仍然存在,应用完成时,瞬间动词用于否定式时可用于完成时。 tc_f;S`k  
过去进行时 dN Y"]b  
y$ Zj?Dd#  
1) 概念:表示过去某时正在进行的状态或动作。 y;" n9  
pl*~kG=  
2) 过去进行时的主要用法是描述一件事发生的背景;一个长动作发生的时候,另一个短动作发生。 |ifHSc.j<  
GYRYbiwqdi  
3) 常用的时间状语 ,zcQS-e2  
this morning, the whole morning, all day yesterday, from nine to ten last evening, when, while (J$\-a7<f  
FHy76 ^h>e  
Hyk'c't_O  
   My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself.   u'Q?T7  
   It was raining when they left the station. [c K^+s)N  
   When I got to the top of the mountain, the sun was shining.  c"YXxA J  
$X`y%*<<v  
典型例题  R)Q 4  
1) Mary ___ a dress when she cut her finger.  P=AS>N^yaL  
A. made  B. is making  C. was making  D. makes XR# ;{p+b  
  答案C. 割伤手指是已发生的事情,应用过去时。同 时,when表时间的同时性,"玛丽在做衣服时"提供事情发生的背景,因此用过去进行时。 TDK@)mP  
2H#N{>7  
2) As she ___ the newspaper, Granny ___ asleep. l'4AF| p  
read; was falling B. was reading; fell C. was reading; was falling D. read;fell =?}twC$  
  答案B.句中的as = when, while,意为"当……之时"。描述一件事发生的背景时,用过去进行;一个长动作发生的时候,另一个短动作发生。句意为 "在她看报纸时,奶奶睡着了。"句中的 fell (fall的过去时),是系动词,后跟形容词,如:fall sick。 Zp`T  
比较过去时与现在完成时 2f,B$-#  
4 k}e28  
Hy; Hs#  
^~ =9  
一般过去时的时间状语: ,#u\l >&$  
yesterday, last week,…ago, in1980, in October, just now, 具体的时间状语 Ry;$^.7%  
V%L/8Q~  
共同的时间状语:  #5CI)4x0!  
this morning, tonight,this April, now, once,before, already, recently,lately  4z4v\IpB  
~GB=Nz  
现在完成时的时间状语 kN9yO5 h7  
for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet,      till / until, up to now, in past years, always, ND]S(C"?  
不确定的时间状语 9G+f/ k ,P  
  r((Tavn  
  3)现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态,动词一般是延续性的,如live, teach, learn, work, study, know. WnxEu3U  
  过去时常用的非持续性动词有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等。 CDg AGy  
 举例: nnCug  
  I saw this film yesterday. V% axeqs  
  (强调看的动作发生过了。) <bmLy_":  
  I have seen this film. - V)  R<  
  (强调对现在的影响,电影的内容已经知道了。)  jp<VK<s]  
  Why did you get up so early? d+2daKi  
  (强调起床的动作已发生过了。) f@z *3I;  
  Who hasn't handed in his paper?  :X>DkRP  
  (强调有卷子,可能为不公平竞争。) `| 9Ku  
  She has returned from Paris.  o"_=K%9  
   她已从巴黎回来了。 n.$(}A  
  She returned yesterday. av'*u  
   她是昨天回来了。 9;f|EGwZ  
  He has been in the League for three years. Ti= 3y497S  
  (在团内的状态可延续) 9{eBgdC  
  He has been a League member for three years. gbGTG (:1S  
  (是团员的状态可持续) zXre~b03ZS  
  He joined the League three years ago.  %?tq;~|]Q  
  ( 三年前入团,joined为短暂行为。) k/`i6%F#m  
  I have finished my homework now.  'U)8rR  
  * BOBH;s  
  ---Will somebody go and get Dr. White? Jp ]T9W\  
  ---He's already been sent for.  |~$7X  
  句子中如有过去时的时间副词(如 yesterday, last, week, in 1960)时,不能使用现在完成时,要用过去时。 - V=arm\#z  
  (错)Tom has written a letter to his parents last night. "{F;M{h$},  
  (对)Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.新开千年私服了!奇迹私服
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沙发  发表于: 2008-07-28   
好啊,多谢有心人
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板凳  发表于: 2008-10-01   
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