英语语法的十六种时态 一、概况
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=JL 一般时
$H<_P'h-B 3r~8:F"g 进行时
XJ7B?Z g )z7CT|h7S 完成时
1uo- ?k fzJiW@-T 完成进行时
h4n~V:nNm $ . tT 一般现在时 现在进行时 现在完成时 现在完成进行时 一般过去时 过去进行时 过去完成时 过去完成进行时 一般将来时 将来进行时 将来完成时 将来完成进行时 一般过去将来时 过去将来进行时 过去将来完成时 过去将来完成进行时
[vu;B4^" qsj$u-xhX 二、十六种时态的谓语形势
z>!./z]p 一般时态 进行时态 完成时态 完成进行时态 现在 do/does am/is/are doing have/has done have/has been doing 过去 did was/were doing had done had been doing 将来 shall/will do shall/will be doing shall/will have done shall/will have been doing 过去将来 should/would do
rCo}^M4Pb should/would be doing should/would have done should/would have been doing
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~=c1bpdq 一般过去时的用法
! Vl) aL zw3I(_d[ 1）表示在过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性的动作。
6PsT])*>DE When I was a child, I often played football in the street.
u&* [ Whenever the Browns went during their visit, they were given a warm welcome.
v} !lx)# gYt=_+- 2）句型：
H ezbCwsx& It is time for sb. to do sth "到……时间了" "该……了"
+`flIG3RV It is time sb. did sth. "时间已迟了" "早该……了"
/R|?v{S1 It is time for you to go to bed. 你该睡觉了。
Af\@J6viF7 It is time you went to bed. 你早该睡觉了。
%0&,_jM/9 would (had) rather sb. did sth. 表示'宁愿某人做某事'
F*G]Na@6D I'd rather you came tomorrow.
>JNdtP8s/1 /\,3AInLb 3) wish, wonder, think, hope 等用过去时，作试探性的询问、请求、建议等。
C#[P<= v I thought you might have some. 我以为你想要一些。
} >iNT.Lvd U^ }7DJ 比较：
zSA"f_ e 一般过去时表示的动作或状态都已成为过去，现已不复存在。
ByE@4+9 Christine was an invalid all her life.
r5Q#G Y> (含义：她已不在人间。)
`\## M= Christine has been an invalid all her life.
F(j;|okf; (含义：她现在还活着)
uju'Bs7 Mrs. Darby lived in Kentucky for seven years.
jjrE8[ (含义：达比太太已不再住在肯塔基州。)
`#f f`j|a Mrs. Darby has lived in Kentucky for seven years.
M4|ION ( 含义：现在还住在肯塔基州，有可能指刚离去)
I\Y N! ZG +FX:v 注意： 用过去时表示现在，表示委婉语气。
9 7HI9R 1）动词want, hope, wonder, think, intend 等。
W2%@}IDm Did you want anything else?
nWc@ufY I wondered if you could help me.
Cj }H'k<B 2）情态动词 could, would.
`'3 &tAy Could you lend me your bike?
qHheF%[\5 一般将来时
R@uA4Al n2 _;:= s;l"'6:_ 1) shall用于第一人称，常被will 所代替。
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<~I will 在陈述句中用于各人称，在争求意见时常用于第二人称。
V^!^wLLi Which paragraph shall I read first.
`gC J[ Will you be at home at seven this evening?
0t(c84o5 ] ZP!y
2) be going to +不定式，表示将来。
MSBrI3MqQ a. 主语的意图，即将做某事。
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-<8j`[0 What are you going to do tomorrow?
raSga'uT; b. 计划，安排要发生的事。
r9! s@n the play is going to be produced next month。
x)Zm5&"Gg c. 有迹象要发生的事
)FG/ Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm.
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i,_x HCkfw+gaV 3) be +不定式表将来，按计划或正式安排将发生的事。
=j~:u.hc' We are to discuss the report next Saturday.
Qv'x+GVW] dIh+h| : 4) be about to +不定式，意为马上做某事。
j+3rS He is about to leave for Beijing.
9c*B%A8J 注意：be about to 不能与tomorrow, next week 等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用。
5D<ZtsXE 现在进行时
4W49*Je $%M]2_W( 1 tI=Dw x Mr. GREen is writing another novel.
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6? Z (说话时并未在写，只处于写作的状态。)
%I!2dXNFRF She is learning piano under Mr. Smith.
QS\wtTXj c. 表示渐变的动词有：get, grow, become, turn, run, go, begin等。
D *PEIsV the leaves are turning red.
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(q&(/ It's getting warmer and warmer.
gX-hYQrC d. 与always, constantly, forever 等词连用，表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态，往往带有说话人的主观色彩。
goF87^M You are always changing your mind.
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q~W:W}z 典型例题
6@8z3JW.A My dictionary ___, I have looked for it everywhere but still___ it.
f.66N9BHL, A. has lost, don't find B. is missing, don't find C. has lost, haven't found D. is missing, haven't found.
[Y@>,B!V 答案D. 前句是一个仍在持续的状态，应用进行时，由于没有找到，其影响仍然存在，应用完成时，瞬间动词用于否定式时可用于完成时。
+w?R4Sxjn 过去进行时
r cMf1 \ 3/ } 1） 概念：表示过去某时正在进行的状态或动作。
,5ZQPICF $7g+/3Fu^ 2） 过去进行时的主要用法是描述一件事发生的背景；一个长动作发生的时候，另一个短动作发生。
h4F%lGot 'x"(OdM:[ 3) 常用的时间状语
#qDm)zCM this morning, the whole morning, all day yesterday, from nine to ten last evening, when, while
DC -d@N+ 4G& dB
H 6},[HpXRc4 My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself.
~ ) w4Tq It was raining when they left the station.
S 593wfc When I got to the top of the mountain, the sun was shining.
{ $yju _[ <.gDg?'3 典型例题
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1) Mary ___ a dress when she cut her finger.
L*A-&9.p3 A. made B. is making C. was making D. makes
*`Vm ncv3 答案C. 割伤手指是已发生的事情，应用过去时。同 时，when表时间的同时性，"玛丽在做衣服时"提供事情发生的背景，因此用过去进行时。
}$L63;/H DR:$urU$ 2) As she ___ the newspaper, Granny ___ asleep.
h3k>WNT7 read； was falling B. was reading； fell C. was reading； was falling D. read；fell
Q-gVg%'7 答案B.句中的as = when, while，意为"当……之时"。描述一件事发生的背景时，用过去进行；一个长动作发生的时候，另一个短动作发生。句意为 "在她看报纸时，奶奶睡着了。"句中的 fell (fall的过去时)，是系动词，后跟形容词，如：fall sick。
zp1ym }9M 比较过去时与现在完成时
';/J-l/SE Z CPUNtO
l |.UY' B A& ~fw^HM 一般过去时的时间状语:
N6}/TbfAR yesterday, last week，…ago, in1980, in October, just now, 具体的时间状语
u%) gnj_ IyyBW2 共同的时间状语:
X(nyTR8 this morning, tonight,this April, now, once，before, already, recently，lately
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\&sI$~ 现在完成时的时间状语
M s(xQ[#+ for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till / until, up to now, in past years, always,
Zg(Y$ h\ 不确定的时间状语
3$k #bC +ZOi L[rS 3）现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态，动词一般是延续性的，如live, teach, learn, work, study, know.
w#9Kt W,tt 过去时常用的非持续性动词有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等。
([u|j 举例：
x [FLV8`b| I saw this film yesterday.
%7)=k}4 （强调看的动作发生过了。）
&
oS$< I have seen this film.
+JU , ^A#X （强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了。）
r<e% ;S Why did you get up so early?
F`nQS &y （强调起床的动作已发生过了。）
`um ,S Who hasn't handed in his paper?
5:h [%3'bB （强调有卷子，可能为不公平竞争。）
?0VR2Yb${b She has returned from Paris.
#dA$k +3 她已从巴黎回来了。
)#}>,,S She returned yesterday.
I#M3cI!X? 她是昨天回来了。
az(<<2= He has been in the League for three years.
K T} (在团内的状态可延续)
+T+@g8S He has been a League member for three years.
$"^ K~5Q (是团员的状态可持续)
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aWVKon He joined the League three years ago.
k"(] V ( 三年前入团，joined为短暂行为。)
0m Y Y:?v I have finished my homework now.
'YN aLZ20 ut{T:kT ---Will somebody go and get Dr. White?
wHc
my ---He's already been sent for.
#< im? 句子中如有过去时的时间副词（如 yesterday, last, week, in 1960）时，不能使用现在完成时，要用过去时。
j i"g)d6 （错）Tom has written a letter to his parents last night.
B`5<sW （对）Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.
新开千年私服了!
奇迹私服 
