英语语法的十六种时态 一、概况
0!3!?E < F!z! :yp 一般时
p[ks} mca@ k#l'ko/X 进行时
] =$-B }M"-5K} 完成时
rXHHD#\oF >m)2ox_B 完成进行时
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kphy7> Km 一般现在时 现在进行时 现在完成时 现在完成进行时 一般过去时 过去进行时 过去完成时 过去完成进行时 一般将来时 将来进行时 将来完成时 将来完成进行时 一般过去将来时 过去将来进行时 过去将来完成时 过去将来完成进行时
Vp- n(Z Q%gY.n{= 二、十六种时态的谓语形势
Apw-7*/ 一般时态 进行时态 完成时态 完成进行时态 现在 do/does am/is/are doing have/has done have/has been doing 过去 did was/were doing had done had been doing 将来 shall/will do shall/will be doing shall/will have done shall/will have been doing 过去将来 should/would do
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Ca:^ should/would be doing should/would have done should/would have been doing
i9#`F.7F 一般过去时的用法
&?`d8\z (HTk;vbZm 1）表示在过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性的动作。
D _,_.C~O When I was a child, I often played football in the street.
Ggxrj'r Whenever the Browns went during their visit, they were given a warm welcome.
37ri b >mGG JvTx 2）句型：
@BB,i / It is time for sb. to do sth "到……时间了" "该……了"
T$>=+ U It is time sb. did sth. "时间已迟了" "早该……了"
eAenkUBz6, It is time for you to go to bed. 你该睡觉了。
o/i5e= 9[y It is time you went to bed. 你早该睡觉了。
TZ [F u{gZ would (had) rather sb. did sth. 表示'宁愿某人做某事'
5. +$v 4 I'd rather you came tomorrow.
h QW#a]]V: )Or:wFSMq 3) wish, wonder, think, hope 等用过去时，作试探性的询问、请求、建议等。
j:vD9sdQ I thought you might have some. 我以为你想要一些。
LeRh (a`=$ c,u$ tnE) 比较：
n(F< 一般过去时表示的动作或状态都已成为过去，现已不复存在。
ZP G8q
Christine was an invalid all her life.
jr MGc=KL (含义：她已不在人间。)
0I AaPz/e Christine has been an invalid all her life.
y&O_Jyg < (含义：她现在还活着)
C*6bR? I9 Mrs. Darby lived in Kentucky for seven years.
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N2VA (含义：达比太太已不再住在肯塔基州。)
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a9Q< Mrs. Darby has lived in Kentucky for seven years.
B )3SiU ( 含义：现在还住在肯塔基州，有可能指刚离去)
y^Xxa' y tX2>a 注意： 用过去时表示现在，表示委婉语气。
oR%E_g?mI~ 1）动词want, hope, wonder, think, intend 等。
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]6D{ Did you want anything else?
{7 Mg N'4 I wondered if you could help me.
mm 9S#Ya 2）情态动词 could, would.
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(Ba r# Could you lend me your bike?
Y&!McM!Jw 一般将来时
E4fvYV_ra \=: g$_ l }v|[h[cZ 1) shall用于第一人称，常被will 所代替。
J ,2v~Dq will 在陈述句中用于各人称，在争求意见时常用于第二人称。
fVe-esAw Which paragraph shall I read first.
<k8rSx n{ Will you be at home at seven this evening?
=GS_ G;Dz t"@|;uPAu 2) be going to +不定式，表示将来。
L SOwa a. 主语的意图，即将做某事。
<PA$hT YM What are you going to do tomorrow?
C3`.-/{D" b. 计划，安排要发生的事。
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_>eNpXD the play is going to be produced next month。
!7Q.w/|= c. 有迹象要发生的事
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K@ GK Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm.
J'&? =| l~ >rpG 3) be +不定式表将来，按计划或正式安排将发生的事。
SodW5v a We are to discuss the report next Saturday.
cN(QTbyl6Q Gl\RAmdc 4) be about to +不定式，意为马上做某事。
S6Xw+W02 He is about to leave for Beijing.
w@D@,q'x 注意：be about to 不能与tomorrow, next week 等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用。
-^%"w 现在进行时
J!qEj{ }LVE^6 zyk mTu9'/$( Mr. GREen is writing another novel.
I (eR3d: (说话时并未在写，只处于写作的状态。)
O? <_,-. She is learning piano under Mr. Smith.
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@Qlp$[F c. 表示渐变的动词有：get, grow, become, turn, run, go, begin等。
SVeU7Q6- the leaves are turning red.
'r3}= z4Y It's getting warmer and warmer.
@MVZy d. 与always, constantly, forever 等词连用，表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态，往往带有说话人的主观色彩。
O[J +dWyp You are always changing your mind.
?~9X:~6\ %=>xzP(z 典型例题
RB@gSHOc? My dictionary ___, I have looked for it everywhere but still___ it.
DxG'/5jQ[ A. has lost, don't find B. is missing, don't find C. has lost, haven't found D. is missing, haven't found.
KV(W|~+ rM 答案D. 前句是一个仍在持续的状态，应用进行时，由于没有找到，其影响仍然存在，应用完成时，瞬间动词用于否定式时可用于完成时。
c_=zd6 b$S 过去进行时
.=<pU k 3G u01^ABn 1） 概念：表示过去某时正在进行的状态或动作。
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( 2） 过去进行时的主要用法是描述一件事发生的背景；一个长动作发生的时候，另一个短动作发生。
B(NL3WJ rkXSy g b 3) 常用的时间状语
O this morning, the whole morning, all day yesterday, from nine to ten last evening, when, while
vUExS Z^ 5Wjp_^!e
K~N[^pF My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself.
5Uz (Bi It was raining when they left the station.
M#,+ p8 When I got to the top of the mountain, the sun was shining.
7]53GGNO #J9XcD{1 典型例题
dg<fUQ 1) Mary ___ a dress when she cut her finger.
`84yGXLK A. made B. is making C. was making D. makes
9&jNdB 答案C. 割伤手指是已发生的事情，应用过去时。同 时，when表时间的同时性，"玛丽在做衣服时"提供事情发生的背景，因此用过去进行时。
A>S2BL#= ,\"gN5[$( 2) As she ___ the newspaper, Granny ___ asleep.
Tl-B[CT read； was falling B. was reading； fell C. was reading； was falling D. read；fell
`_kR vpi 答案B.句中的as = when, while，意为"当……之时"。描述一件事发生的背景时，用过去进行；一个长动作发生的时候，另一个短动作发生。句意为 "在她看报纸时，奶奶睡着了。"句中的 fell (fall的过去时)，是系动词，后跟形容词，如：fall sick。
]C^ *C| 比较过去时与现在完成时
an@Ue7 SesO$=y J]e&z5c P40 eK0 e6 一般过去时的时间状语:
w=5qth7 yesterday, last week，…ago, in1980, in October, just now, 具体的时间状语
h<q`` hn> F*u;'K 共同的时间状语:
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Wk this morning, tonight,this April, now, once，before, already, recently，lately
D:0PppE ch bs9y0 现在完成时的时间状语
iddT. for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till / until, up to now, in past years, always,
j=LF1dG" 不确定的时间状语
u jedvw;sO 8X5XwFf} 3）现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态，动词一般是延续性的，如live, teach, learn, work, study, know.
Ek6W:Q:@ 过去时常用的非持续性动词有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等。
7y3; F7V 举例：
jrR~V* :k I saw this film yesterday.
Q)/q h;R u （强调看的动作发生过了。）
J(]nPwm=.- I have seen this film.
8j k*N （强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了。）
5;*C0m2%i Why did you get up so early?
OZD/t(4?6s （强调起床的动作已发生过了。）
q Z.\GHS Who hasn't handed in his paper?
fi)ypv* （强调有卷子，可能为不公平竞争。）
kW9STN She has returned from Paris.
N C& 1l] 她已从巴黎回来了。
SF7Kb `>Y She returned yesterday.
m,b<b91 她是昨天回来了。
gQ[4{+DSf He has been in the League for three years.
C /JFg-r (在团内的状态可延续)
Wi l +"[Ge He has been a League member for three years.
#"|Ey6
& (是团员的状态可持续)
_\6-] He joined the League three years ago.
AWzpk }\ ( 三年前入团，joined为短暂行为。)
Z,z^[Jz I have finished my homework now.
20q T1!j u [3s~Z8
pP ---Will somebody go and get Dr. White?
'"&?u8
u) ---He's already been sent for.
RK,~mXA 句子中如有过去时的时间副词（如 yesterday, last, week, in 1960）时，不能使用现在完成时，要用过去时。
7Vi[I< * （错）Tom has written a letter to his parents last night.
Ugn "w E （对）Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.
新开千年私服了!
奇迹私服 
