英语语法的十六种时态 一、概况
:
`Nh}Ka0 ,{tz%\, % 一般时
w.AF7.X`1 #*J+4a w3 进行时
9 E@}@ZV( {x&"b - 完成时
S,I|8
YE WF'Di4
完成进行时
.ty^ k@J|] #kmZS/" 一般现在时 现在进行时 现在完成时 现在完成进行时 一般过去时 过去进行时 过去完成时 过去完成进行时 一般将来时 将来进行时 将来完成时 将来完成进行时 一般过去将来时 过去将来进行时 过去将来完成时 过去将来完成进行时
Cob<N
'. ceKR?%8 s 二、十六种时态的谓语形势
} `X.^}oe 一般时态 进行时态 完成时态 完成进行时态 现在 do/does am/is/are doing have/has done have/has been doing 过去 did was/were doing had done had been doing 将来 shall/will do shall/will be doing shall/will have done shall/will have been doing 过去将来 should/would do
tTX@Bb8 should/would be doing should/would have done should/would have been doing
Ym]Dlz,o 一般过去时的用法
)&jE< C0 oB BL7/L 1）表示在过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性的动作。
">-mZ'$#L When I was a child, I often played football in the street.
kdr?I9kwW Whenever the Browns went during their visit, they were given a warm welcome.
hny(:Dj [@"7qKd
1 2）句型：
o ?9k{ It is time for sb. to do sth "到……时间了" "该……了"
o%~PWA*Qp It is time sb. did sth. "时间已迟了" "早该……了"
Ke 5fe# It is time for you to go to bed. 你该睡觉了。
x)^/3 It is time you went to bed. 你早该睡觉了。
K6 {0`'x would (had) rather sb. did sth. 表示'宁愿某人做某事'
g^`; B" I'd rather you came tomorrow.
*[ @k=!73 ``Yw-|&:Ae 3) wish, wonder, think, hope 等用过去时，作试探性的询问、请求、建议等。
<"&I'9 I thought you might have some. 我以为你想要一些。
; aI`4; ox}LC, ! 比较：
7aV(tMz d 一般过去时表示的动作或状态都已成为过去，现已不复存在。
i&%/]Nq Christine was an invalid all her life.
96 ozt UK (含义：她已不在人间。)
c~bTK"
u Christine has been an invalid all her life.
\Y?ByY (含义：她现在还活着)
D:r+3w:l] Mrs. Darby lived in Kentucky for seven years.
E m (&cra (含义：达比太太已不再住在肯塔基州。)
]O\m(of
R Mrs. Darby has lived in Kentucky for seven years.
qM HI-h_A ( 含义：现在还住在肯塔基州，有可能指刚离去)
3ZAPcpB2 0U
d.u 注意： 用过去时表示现在，表示委婉语气。
R Cg n\ 1）动词want, hope, wonder, think, intend 等。
~boTh
Did you want anything else?
OJ /l}_a I wondered if you could help me.
O.9r'n4f 2）情态动词 could, would.
L^7"I 4=(D Could you lend me your bike?
A- 8[8J 一般将来时
| M|5Nc>W tbNIl cAWS i8k yYMPP 1) shall用于第一人称，常被will 所代替。
np JyVh47 will 在陈述句中用于各人称，在争求意见时常用于第二人称。
hm&cRehU Which paragraph shall I read first.
]:6M!+?( Will you be at home at seven this evening?
`u *:wJsv :'F7^
N3;H 2) be going to +不定式，表示将来。
-q8R'?z[ a. 主语的意图，即将做某事。
;:Yz7<>Y, What are you going to do tomorrow?
w<0F-0:8 b. 计划，安排要发生的事。
zj+.MG04 the play is going to be produced next month。
bH7 lUS~ c. 有迹象要发生的事
pI>[^7 Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm.
.}O _5b( -VO&#Mt5u 3) be +不定式表将来，按计划或正式安排将发生的事。
:O~*}7G We are to discuss the report next Saturday.
9CxFj)#5F Ow@ }6&1 4) be about to +不定式，意为马上做某事。
*?-,=%,z/ He is about to leave for Beijing.
S=N3qBH6 注意：be about to 不能与tomorrow, next week 等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用。
V*C%r:5 ,v 现在进行时
Ei
Yj `P W{1" jnu!a.H Mr. GREen is writing another novel.
REj<2Lo (说话时并未在写，只处于写作的状态。)
!
L=RhMI She is learning piano under Mr. Smith.
+IM: jrT( c. 表示渐变的动词有：get, grow, become, turn, run, go, begin等。
C;EC4n+s the leaves are turning red.
7SyysH<H It's getting warmer and warmer.
bh ~"LQS1 d. 与always, constantly, forever 等词连用，表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态，往往带有说话人的主观色彩。
t
5{Y' You are always changing your mind.
)v+R+ 3< / p PSo 典型例题
L6ifT`;T My dictionary ___, I have looked for it everywhere but still___ it.
h,(f3Ik0O A. has lost, don't find B. is missing, don't find C. has lost, haven't found D. is missing, haven't found.
6
#vc"5@M 答案D. 前句是一个仍在持续的状态，应用进行时，由于没有找到，其影响仍然存在，应用完成时，瞬间动词用于否定式时可用于完成时。
d h~ cj5 过去进行时
6zf3A:]&{ a(a 2xa 1） 概念：表示过去某时正在进行的状态或动作。
JR_s-& GaM R=ipK63 2） 过去进行时的主要用法是描述一件事发生的背景；一个长动作发生的时候，另一个短动作发生。
6bacU#0o ,e{|[k 3) 常用的时间状语
}R\9y bv
this morning, the whole morning, all day yesterday, from nine to ten last evening, when, while
3SMb#ce*o M<
1rQW' jlA?JB My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself.
XoZw8cY It was raining when they left the station.
|vI1C5e When I got to the top of the mountain, the sun was shining.
waYH_)Zx p`CVq `k 典型例题
%dN', 1) Mary ___ a dress when she cut her finger.
VY#:IE:T A. made B. is making C. was making D. makes
iax6o+OG| 答案C. 割伤手指是已发生的事情，应用过去时。同 时，when表时间的同时性，"玛丽在做衣服时"提供事情发生的背景，因此用过去进行时。
M. (shIu!+ ,]\: ]Y&? 2) As she ___ the newspaper, Granny ___ asleep.
^-|yF2>` read； was falling B. was reading； fell C. was reading； was falling D. read；fell
-j<g}IG 答案B.句中的as = when, while，意为"当……之时"。描述一件事发生的背景时，用过去进行；一个长动作发生的时候，另一个短动作发生。句意为 "在她看报纸时，奶奶睡着了。"句中的 fell (fall的过去时)，是系动词，后跟形容词，如：fall sick。
j_I 比较过去时与现在完成时
*
I{)8 0nDlqy6b1b 49
;2tl;F ? # cX_ 一般过去时的时间状语:
, id`=L= yesterday, last week，…ago, in1980, in October, just now, 具体的时间状语
MUs~ZF 51Nh"JTy 共同的时间状语:
EXrOP] Kl this morning, tonight,this April, now, once，before, already, recently，lately
G.}Ex!8R7_ sXm
Z0Dv 现在完成时的时间状语
4=T>Iy for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till / until, up to now, in past years, always,
u3Jsu=Nx- 不确定的时间状语
bN',-[E `c-(1 ;Jb 3）现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态，动词一般是延续性的，如live, teach, learn, work, study, know.
unUCn5hJ= 过去时常用的非持续性动词有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等。
pK
M5<1J 举例：
wU|Y`wJmF I saw this film yesterday.
KT5"/fv （强调看的动作发生过了。）
6J\Yi)v< I have seen this film.
:<`hsKy& （强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了。）
4*<27 Why did you get up so early?
0
k ];%HV| （强调起床的动作已发生过了。）
),K!| 7#h Who hasn't handed in his paper?
N8Mq0Ck{$ （强调有卷子，可能为不公平竞争。）
p4|Zz:f She has returned from Paris.
+bj[. 她已从巴黎回来了。
~IB~>5U! She returned yesterday.
Z~.3)6,z 她是昨天回来了。
igV4nL He has been in the League for three years.
Tk'YpL#U (在团内的状态可延续)
415 95x: He has been a League member for three years.
quB .A7~^= (是团员的状态可持续)
; t
R,w
He joined the League three years ago.
<3!jra,h ( 三年前入团，joined为短暂行为。)
>D';i\2j& I have finished my homework now.
4Qr16,Us X3KP N ---Will somebody go and get Dr. White?
0!n6 tz lT ---He's already been sent for.
kpkN G Q2 句子中如有过去时的时间副词（如 yesterday, last, week, in 1960）时，不能使用现在完成时，要用过去时。
v :YW[THre （错）Tom has written a letter to his parents last night.
nKFua l3 （对）Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.
新开千年私服了!
奇迹私服 
