英语语法的十六种时态 一、概况
}KL( -Ui$ {&Sr<d5 一般时
T ;JA.=I /SYz o4( 进行时
h|&qWv X1~ B 完成时
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+!%2t 完成进行时
3MFb\s&Fq s a v 一般现在时 现在进行时 现在完成时 现在完成进行时 一般过去时 过去进行时 过去完成时 过去完成进行时 一般将来时 将来进行时 将来完成时 将来完成进行时 一般过去将来时 过去将来进行时 过去将来完成时 过去将来完成进行时
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I 二、十六种时态的谓语形势
g JMv 一般时态 进行时态 完成时态 完成进行时态 现在 do/does am/is/are doing have/has done have/has been doing 过去 did was/were doing had done had been doing 将来 shall/will do shall/will be doing shall/will have done shall/will have been doing 过去将来 should/would do
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r should/would be doing should/would have done should/would have been doing
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RI\ ! 一般过去时的用法
d#G H4+C -nrfu) G 1）表示在过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性的动作。
k%?A= h When I was a child, I often played football in the street.
Tn8GLn Whenever the Browns went during their visit, they were given a warm welcome.
J d eGQ LK[%}2me 2）句型：
!>5!Fb=Sy It is time for sb. to do sth "到……时间了" "该……了"
)D q/f W It is time sb. did sth. "时间已迟了" "早该……了"
GiN \ @F! It is time for you to go to bed. 你该睡觉了。
y7Cr H=^jc It is time you went to bed. 你早该睡觉了。
Xz, sL would (had) rather sb. did sth. 表示'宁愿某人做某事'
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.$3 jNU I'd rather you came tomorrow.
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3) wish, wonder, think, hope 等用过去时，作试探性的询问、请求、建议等。
P7GF"/ I thought you might have some. 我以为你想要一些。
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n 比较：
-Fj:^q:@u 一般过去时表示的动作或状态都已成为过去，现已不复存在。
Wg+fT{[f| Christine was an invalid all her life.
t~0}Emgp<( (含义：她已不在人间。)
c|'hs Christine has been an invalid all her life.
,4wZ/r>
d (含义：她现在还活着)
W|FP j^*t Mrs. Darby lived in Kentucky for seven years.
85fBKpEe (含义：达比太太已不再住在肯塔基州。)
An e.sS Mrs. Darby has lived in Kentucky for seven years.
2ajQ*aNq ( 含义：现在还住在肯塔基州，有可能指刚离去)
\5%T'S@5 (Js'(tBhiU 注意： 用过去时表示现在，表示委婉语气。
VlVd"jW 1）动词want, hope, wonder, think, intend 等。
9* %Uoy: Did you want anything else?
UEJX0= I wondered if you could help me.
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U9*e9 2）情态动词 could, would.
j_?U6$xi Could you lend me your bike?
#isBE}sT{ 一般将来时
7ST[XLwt%} a"{tq Nc wL2d.$?TEg 1) shall用于第一人称，常被will 所代替。
: /9@p will 在陈述句中用于各人称，在争求意见时常用于第二人称。
1e;^Mz B" Which paragraph shall I read first.
DiAPs_@ Will you be at home at seven this evening?
eA>O<Z1> zb}:wUR 2) be going to +不定式，表示将来。
33\{S$p a. 主语的意图，即将做某事。
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M$%l> What are you going to do tomorrow?
m?_S&/+* b. 计划，安排要发生的事。
:<s)QD the play is going to be produced next month。
x~}RL-Y2o c. 有迹象要发生的事
1dOVH7 Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm.
+E QRNbA +GWeu0b(~ 3) be +不定式表将来，按计划或正式安排将发生的事。
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We are to discuss the report next Saturday.
R\+p`n $ e.i5j^5u 4) be about to +不定式，意为马上做某事。
TE0hV w0c He is about to leave for Beijing.
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4eb\j 注意：be about to 不能与tomorrow, next week 等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用。
o \8yYX 现在进行时
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#_{UJ% &@A(8(% TC3xrE:U<m Mr. GREen is writing another novel.
H. j(hc' (说话时并未在写，只处于写作的状态。)
bxO8q5 7 She is learning piano under Mr. Smith.
(M6B$: c. 表示渐变的动词有：get, grow, become, turn, run, go, begin等。
?DkMzR)u the leaves are turning red.
\no[ >L] It's getting warmer and warmer.
`Bnp/9q5 d. 与always, constantly, forever 等词连用，表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态，往往带有说话人的主观色彩。
[z`U 9J You are always changing your mind.
5FnWlFc OR4!73[I 典型例题
e M+]KG)} My dictionary ___, I have looked for it everywhere but still___ it.
N/Z3 EF_ A. has lost, don't find B. is missing, don't find C. has lost, haven't found D. is missing, haven't found.
VLN=9 答案D. 前句是一个仍在持续的状态，应用进行时，由于没有找到，其影响仍然存在，应用完成时，瞬间动词用于否定式时可用于完成时。
CfoSow- 过去进行时
"Sc_E}q |e *8fnxWR 1） 概念：表示过去某时正在进行的状态或动作。
wnP#.[,V <n>Kc} c 2） 过去进行时的主要用法是描述一件事发生的背景；一个长动作发生的时候，另一个短动作发生。
E:(flW= I2q C,Nkk 3) 常用的时间状语
]0zXpMNI this morning, the whole morning, all day yesterday, from nine to ten last evening, when, while
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`b$il My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself.
pRD8/7@(B{ It was raining when they left the station.
L=Fm:O'#2 When I got to the top of the mountain, the sun was shining.
H jbC>* Z [yQKy 典型例题
vdYd~>w 1) Mary ___ a dress when she cut her finger.
Mje6Q A. made B. is making C. was making D. makes
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'O=T 答案C. 割伤手指是已发生的事情，应用过去时。同 时，when表时间的同时性，"玛丽在做衣服时"提供事情发生的背景，因此用过去进行时。
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2) As she ___ the newspaper, Granny ___ asleep.
D:U:( pg read； was falling B. was reading； fell C. was reading； was falling D. read；fell
^TJn&k 答案B.句中的as = when, while，意为"当……之时"。描述一件事发生的背景时，用过去进行；一个长动作发生的时候，另一个短动作发生。句意为 "在她看报纸时，奶奶睡着了。"句中的 fell (fall的过去时)，是系动词，后跟形容词，如：fall sick。
(!& cfabL 比较过去时与现在完成时
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z,u5 ~(aQ!!H6 Pq>r|/~_ 一般过去时的时间状语:
o> W H;EBL yesterday, last week，…ago, in1980, in October, just now, 具体的时间状语
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k8* 共同的时间状语:
ce\]o^4 this morning, tonight,this April, now, once，before, already, recently，lately
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_ I#zrz3WU 现在完成时的时间状语
M2(+}gv;7p for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till / until, up to now, in past years, always,
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->Nex 不确定的时间状语
D'F =v\P 3*"$E_% 3）现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态，动词一般是延续性的，如live, teach, learn, work, study, know.
Cb7f-Eag 过去时常用的非持续性动词有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等。
5 e~\o}] 举例：
XMd-r8yYr I saw this film yesterday.
Fd":\7p （强调看的动作发生过了。）
$ -[V )]h I have seen this film.
Mdsn"Y V （强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了。）
m{
.'55 Why did you get up so early?
L!Iu\_{q （强调起床的动作已发生过了。）
uV!A x *' Who hasn't handed in his paper?
"rOe J~4 X （强调有卷子，可能为不公平竞争。）
3`S|I_$(T" She has returned from Paris.
k3h,c; 她已从巴黎回来了。
`[p*qs p_ She returned yesterday.
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Ya 她是昨天回来了。
{L5!_] 6 He has been in the League for three years.
tfW/Mf (在团内的状态可延续)
\ Y&* sfQ He has been a League member for three years.
D7H,49#1Q (是团员的状态可持续)
]fvU}4! He joined the League three years ago.
bmgK6OyVR ( 三年前入团，joined为短暂行为。)
P,r9
< I have finished my homework now.
aG.j0`)% g+;)?N*
j ---Will somebody go and get Dr. White?
D G,CL8bv ---He's already been sent for.
4A^=4"BCV 句子中如有过去时的时间副词（如 yesterday, last, week, in 1960）时，不能使用现在完成时，要用过去时。
xP%`QTl\ （错）Tom has written a letter to his parents last night.
)nmL gsg （对）Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.
新开千年私服了!
奇迹私服 
