英语语法的十六种时态 一、概况
]\ M{Abqd{ ly%^\jW 一般时
KR?;7*qF vvxxwZa=O 进行时
c-$r B_t+ y[ dB mTY 完成时
,%9XG077 UXct+l 完成进行时
hV7EjQ p [PIMG2"G 一般现在时 现在进行时 现在完成时 现在完成进行时 一般过去时 过去进行时 过去完成时 过去完成进行时 一般将来时 将来进行时 将来完成时 将来完成进行时 一般过去将来时 过去将来进行时 过去将来完成时 过去将来完成进行时
V(& L #z(:n5$F 二、十六种时态的谓语形势
MJ:c";KCq0 一般时态 进行时态 完成时态 完成进行时态 现在 do/does am/is/are doing have/has done have/has been doing 过去 did was/were doing had done had been doing 将来 shall/will do shall/will be doing shall/will have done shall/will have been doing 过去将来 should/would do
u d/!@WG should/would be doing should/would have done should/would have been doing
M1Q&)am 一般过去时的用法
\tgY2 : &[d'g0pF 1）表示在过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性的动作。
s-CAo~, When I was a child, I often played football in the street.
85E$m'0O Whenever the Browns went during their visit, they were given a warm welcome.
{vD $od i L0![SE> 2）句型：
\m7\}Nbz0/ It is time for sb. to do sth "到……时间了" "该……了"
8-G )lyfj It is time sb. did sth. "时间已迟了" "早该……了"
,k J'_mq It is time for you to go to bed. 你该睡觉了。
=CQfs6np:N It is time you went to bed. 你早该睡觉了。
08ZvRy(Je< would (had) rather sb. did sth. 表示'宁愿某人做某事'
R2) @Q I'd rather you came tomorrow.
':4ny]F 12^uu)6Xm, 3) wish, wonder, think, hope 等用过去时，作试探性的询问、请求、建议等。
1EV bGe%b I thought you might have some. 我以为你想要一些。
&eV5#Ph xsZN@hT 比较：
| l Le^FM 一般过去时表示的动作或状态都已成为过去，现已不复存在。
= o(}=T>:" Christine was an invalid all her life.
EeYL~ORdi (含义：她已不在人间。)
l4RqQ+[KA; Christine has been an invalid all her life.
v
o:KL%) (含义：她现在还活着)
/>x EpR3_A Mrs. Darby lived in Kentucky for seven years.
V_
6K ?~j (含义：达比太太已不再住在肯塔基州。)
C6gSj1 Mrs. Darby has lived in Kentucky for seven years.
Uv59 XF$ ( 含义：现在还住在肯塔基州，有可能指刚离去)
XB'rh F8rl \0|x<~#j' 注意： 用过去时表示现在，表示委婉语气。
<x`yoVPiZg 1）动词want, hope, wonder, think, intend 等。
l z=D Gm
Did you want anything else?
"pt[Nm76)8 I wondered if you could help me.
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2）情态动词 could, would.
ywm"{ U? 8 Could you lend me your bike?
dtuCA"D 一般将来时
,GWa3.&.d 9ZOQNN<ex d
i_ N}x* 1) shall用于第一人称，常被will 所代替。
0of :tZU will 在陈述句中用于各人称，在争求意见时常用于第二人称。
K;/f
?3q Which paragraph shall I read first.
WA}'[h Will you be at home at seven this evening?
wPghgjF{ ';eA aDM 2) be going to +不定式，表示将来。
W[QgddR a. 主语的意图，即将做某事。
R?:K\ What are you going to do tomorrow?
[ GknE#p b. 计划，安排要发生的事。
=YYqgNz+\w the play is going to be produced next month。
^p4`o> c. 有迹象要发生的事
34k(:]56| Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm.
H|s Iw: j; /@A
lZl 3) be +不定式表将来，按计划或正式安排将发生的事。
5UL5C:3R9 We are to discuss the report next Saturday.
%_]O|( -XECYwT
h 4) be about to +不定式，意为马上做某事。
,DKW_F| He is about to leave for Beijing.
OG IN- 注意：be about to 不能与tomorrow, next week 等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用。
eJOo~HIWQ 现在进行时
ygm=q^bV]s ), ;h Rv*x'w
== Mr. GREen is writing another novel.
=aT8=ihP (说话时并未在写，只处于写作的状态。)
w2"]%WS % She is learning piano under Mr. Smith.
ohXbA9&(x c. 表示渐变的动词有：get, grow, become, turn, run, go, begin等。
j~2t^Qz
the leaves are turning red.
pv|D {39Hs It's getting warmer and warmer.
ng2yZ @$ d. 与always, constantly, forever 等词连用，表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态，往往带有说话人的主观色彩。
nNM)rW You are always changing your mind.
+Y~,1ai 5^ T7G{)wm 典型例题
6mrfkYK My dictionary ___, I have looked for it everywhere but still___ it.
ilj9&.isB A. has lost, don't find B. is missing, don't find C. has lost, haven't found D. is missing, haven't found.
5o~AUo{ 答案D. 前句是一个仍在持续的状态，应用进行时，由于没有找到，其影响仍然存在，应用完成时，瞬间动词用于否定式时可用于完成时。
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W 过去进行时
@n=FSn6 c ( (mNB]sy 1） 概念：表示过去某时正在进行的状态或动作。
M\9p- %"L EJrQ9"x&n 2） 过去进行时的主要用法是描述一件事发生的背景；一个长动作发生的时候，另一个短动作发生。
n;dp%SD F[|aDj@q e 3) 常用的时间状语
_{gRCR) this morning, the whole morning, all day yesterday, from nine to ten last evening, when, while
2ap0/l[ T;I>5aQ:q4 s2+s1%^Ll My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself.
Q_R&+ @ju It was raining when they left the station.
zw X 1&rN When I got to the top of the mountain, the sun was shining.
4THGHS^ 8BJ&"y8H 典型例题
B1gBvss 1) Mary ___ a dress when she cut her finger.
F0 FF:>< A. made B. is making C. was making D. makes
hbdM}"& ] 答案C. 割伤手指是已发生的事情，应用过去时。同 时，when表时间的同时性，"玛丽在做衣服时"提供事情发生的背景，因此用过去进行时。
AUAJMS!m '%9e 8C| 2) As she ___ the newspaper, Granny ___ asleep.
{*P B+WGe read； was falling B. was reading； fell C. was reading； was falling D. read；fell
dj cC m5m 答案B.句中的as = when, while，意为"当……之时"。描述一件事发生的背景时，用过去进行；一个长动作发生的时候，另一个短动作发生。句意为 "在她看报纸时，奶奶睡着了。"句中的 fell (fall的过去时)，是系动词，后跟形容词，如：fall sick。
%,*{hhfu 比较过去时与现在完成时
Ey;uaqt 13P8Zmco "h}miVArS ;HeUD5Nt6F 一般过去时的时间状语:
s k_Q\0a yesterday, last week，…ago, in1980, in October, just now, 具体的时间状语
wGf SVA-q\ !8O*)=RA 共同的时间状语:
r6`v-TY(/ this morning, tonight,this April, now, once，before, already, recently，lately
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w%l G u-#wv5@ 现在完成时的时间状语
_ZfJf d~ for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till / until, up to now, in past years, always,
/K 9T n 不确定的时间状语
eZm,K'/! #yv_Eb 02 3）现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态，动词一般是延续性的，如live, teach, learn, work, study, know.
y-93 >Y 过去时常用的非持续性动词有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等。
vo[Zuv?<h 举例：
E8~Bp-G) I saw this film yesterday.
nDS mr （强调看的动作发生过了。）
# xS8 I have seen this film.
mRw &^7r （强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了。）
S& % G B Why did you get up so early?
&JM|u ww?1 （强调起床的动作已发生过了。）
T,,,+gPx Who hasn't handed in his paper?
@O/-~, E68 （强调有卷子，可能为不公平竞争。）
%11&8F p1s She has returned from Paris.
EC2KK)=n} 她已从巴黎回来了。
5uu Z t0V\ She returned yesterday.
((TiBCF4 她是昨天回来了。
G-[fz He has been in the League for three years.
O<Rm9tZ8 (在团内的状态可延续)
iXt >!f* He has been a League member for three years.
WUSkN;idVG (是团员的状态可持续)
J)iy6{0" He joined the League three years ago.
q/[)Z
@&( ( 三年前入团，joined为短暂行为。)
Re**)3#gn I have finished my homework now.
"
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,( ---Will somebody go and get Dr. White?
< ) L'h ---He's already been sent for.
q[#2` 句子中如有过去时的时间副词（如 yesterday, last, week, in 1960）时，不能使用现在完成时，要用过去时。
w:P$ S （错）Tom has written a letter to his parents last night.
)>$@cH （对）Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.
新开千年私服了!
奇迹私服 
