英语语法的十六种时态 一、概况
v=ii S}s o$</At 一般时
W9w*=
W
)Z sw}O g`U 进行时
0D 2I)E72o `W Xlq#:K 完成时
F<b'{qf" Y&yfm/R u 完成进行时
Jf?6y~X>Y Bz_'>6w 一般现在时 现在进行时 现在完成时 现在完成进行时 一般过去时 过去进行时 过去完成时 过去完成进行时 一般将来时 将来进行时 将来完成时 将来完成进行时 一般过去将来时 过去将来进行时 过去将来完成时 过去将来完成进行时
f/O6~I&g LE<J<~2Z 二、十六种时态的谓语形势
. + u
b\ 一般时态 进行时态 完成时态 完成进行时态 现在 do/does am/is/are doing have/has done have/has been doing 过去 did was/were doing had done had been doing 将来 shall/will do shall/will be doing shall/will have done shall/will have been doing 过去将来 should/would do
L_Gw:"-+Q should/would be doing should/would have done should/would have been doing
7C7.}U 一般过去时的用法
=^u;uS[IW 0i _ :J 1）表示在过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性的动作。
DO80HS3ZD When I was a child, I often played football in the street.
>E<ib[vK[ Whenever the Browns went during their visit, they were given a warm welcome.
.^{%hc*w4 )k,n} 2）句型：
Io.RT+slB It is time for sb. to do sth "到……时间了" "该……了"
2;
^ME\
It is time sb. did sth. "时间已迟了" "早该……了"
jCJcV O>OZ It is time for you to go to bed. 你该睡觉了。
2 DW @}[G It is time you went to bed. 你早该睡觉了。
m]2xOR_ would (had) rather sb. did sth. 表示'宁愿某人做某事'
z l r ! I'd rather you came tomorrow.
)SmnLvL ~(d
{j}M> 3) wish, wonder, think, hope 等用过去时，作试探性的询问、请求、建议等。
B`}um;T#~, I thought you might have some. 我以为你想要一些。
Z[. M>| p)IL(_X) 比较：
Ym6d'd<9( 一般过去时表示的动作或状态都已成为过去，现已不复存在。
/d3Jd .l! Christine was an invalid all her life.
aas.-N T (含义：她已不在人间。)
Uq
.6h Christine has been an invalid all her life.
T`EV
uRJ (含义：她现在还活着)
zU?O)w1' Mrs. Darby lived in Kentucky for seven years.
[%P#ieD4 (含义：达比太太已不再住在肯塔基州。)
KrE 'M Mrs. Darby has lived in Kentucky for seven years.
ShB]U5b:k ( 含义：现在还住在肯塔基州，有可能指刚离去)
z]G|)16
ukWn@q* 注意： 用过去时表示现在，表示委婉语气。
V%s
g+D2 1）动词want, hope, wonder, think, intend 等。
wX,V:QE
Did you want anything else?
g$nS6w|5H I wondered if you could help me.
P\jGyS j 2）情态动词 could, would.
A]z*#+Sl Could you lend me your bike?
P-@MLIC{ 一般将来时
(
ay AP 0t <nH%N}^ Z>rY9VvWD 1) shall用于第一人称，常被will 所代替。
PVCoXOqh will 在陈述句中用于各人称，在争求意见时常用于第二人称。
oUv26t
~ Which paragraph shall I read first.
COrk (
V Will you be at home at seven this evening?
9j,g&G.K =6%oW2E\ 2) be going to +不定式，表示将来。
1\.$=N a. 主语的意图，即将做某事。
^kez]> What are you going to do tomorrow?
5(1:^:LGK b. 计划，安排要发生的事。
%oZ:Awx the play is going to be produced next month。
($[wCHU`! c. 有迹象要发生的事
4f EDg{ T Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm.
)9Qtn M
c'2d+*[ 3) be +不定式表将来，按计划或正式安排将发生的事。
^J!q>KJs We are to discuss the report next Saturday.
K =g</@L6R A'WR!*Yt 4) be about to +不定式，意为马上做某事。
c 0!.ei He is about to leave for Beijing.
d0 cL9&~qW 注意：be about to 不能与tomorrow, next week 等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用。
/7Q|D sa 现在进行时
E8Dh;j ~/
%Xm< =bVPHrKNQ Mr. GREen is writing another novel.
6_LeP9s ) (说话时并未在写，只处于写作的状态。)
Xlo7enzY She is learning piano under Mr. Smith.
eRauyL"Q+ c. 表示渐变的动词有：get, grow, become, turn, run, go, begin等。
s0kp(t!fiu the leaves are turning red.
1
I +9?fa It's getting warmer and warmer.
'6KvB d. 与always, constantly, forever 等词连用，表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态，往往带有说话人的主观色彩。
uOxHa>h You are always changing your mind.
|s| }u`(@9 4
1_gak; 典型例题
v
g N!9 My dictionary ___, I have looked for it everywhere but still___ it.
$YYWpeW
' A. has lost, don't find B. is missing, don't find C. has lost, haven't found D. is missing, haven't found.
rg/{5f 答案D. 前句是一个仍在持续的状态，应用进行时，由于没有找到，其影响仍然存在，应用完成时，瞬间动词用于否定式时可用于完成时。
@Mk`Tl 过去进行时
8h )XULs2 9 9m2aT() 1） 概念：表示过去某时正在进行的状态或动作。
=x~I'|%3 H= dIZ 2） 过去进行时的主要用法是描述一件事发生的背景；一个长动作发生的时候，另一个短动作发生。
$ /VQsb dZM^?rq 3) 常用的时间状语
I[z:;4W}L^ this morning, the whole morning, all day yesterday, from nine to ten last evening, when, while
!(s n9z# 9tiZIm93] L G}{ib B My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself.
)>a~ %~: It was raining when they left the station.
V"Q\7,_k. When I got to the top of the mountain, the sun was shining.
K:Z$V (
eV,f 典型例题
lyn%r 1) Mary ___ a dress when she cut her finger.
:e<jD_.X A. made B. is making C. was making D. makes
yC'
y>f`H 答案C. 割伤手指是已发生的事情，应用过去时。同 时，when表时间的同时性，"玛丽在做衣服时"提供事情发生的背景，因此用过去进行时。
@]uqC~a^
(s8b?Ol/ 2) As she ___ the newspaper, Granny ___ asleep.
X [Y0r read； was falling B. was reading； fell C. was reading； was falling D. read；fell
f*k7 @[rSv 答案B.句中的as = when, while，意为"当……之时"。描述一件事发生的背景时，用过去进行；一个长动作发生的时候，另一个短动作发生。句意为 "在她看报纸时，奶奶睡着了。"句中的 fell (fall的过去时)，是系动词，后跟形容词，如：fall sick。
y-<.l=
6A 比较过去时与现在完成时
}'[>~&/" qqDg2,Yb hSehJjEoM , dC.|P' ` 一般过去时的时间状语:
~yv7[`+Tgg yesterday, last week，…ago, in1980, in October, just now, 具体的时间状语
ljFq ;!I5 }*fBHzNN 共同的时间状语:
%H{pU:[5 * this morning, tonight,this April, now, once，before, already, recently，lately
0E.N3
iU R"ON5,E 现在完成时的时间状语
5lsslE+:J for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till / until, up to now, in past years, always,
Hq .rG-,p 不确定的时间状语
gP_N|LuF" A v x` 3）现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态，动词一般是延续性的，如live, teach, learn, work, study, know.
I Q_6DF 过去时常用的非持续性动词有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等。
1$
Hou
举例：
99y WUC, I saw this film yesterday.
RV~t%Sw^ （强调看的动作发生过了。）
= l(euBb I have seen this film.
qU26i"GHp （强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了。）
ebA95v`Vms Why did you get up so early?
4/
` *mPW （强调起床的动作已发生过了。）
U7
WYS8 Who hasn't handed in his paper?
[!uzXVS3 （强调有卷子，可能为不公平竞争。）
]i
{yJ )i She has returned from Paris.
<7P[)
X_ 她已从巴黎回来了。
Q`
F1t She returned yesterday.
.wNXvnWr 她是昨天回来了。
!Cg j
>= He has been in the League for three years.
6Vnq|;W3Zv (在团内的状态可延续)
N3"Jo uP He has been a League member for three years.
mx^Ga=:
? (是团员的状态可持续)
JuO47}i] 5 He joined the League three years ago.
MtkU]XKGT ( 三年前入团，joined为短暂行为。)
f<8Hvumw I have finished my homework now.
wPg/.N9H ^+x?@
$rq ---Will somebody go and get Dr. White?
t5{P'v9J ---He's already been sent for.
{ b$"SIg1E 句子中如有过去时的时间副词（如 yesterday, last, week, in 1960）时，不能使用现在完成时，要用过去时。
:)#;0o5 （错）Tom has written a letter to his parents last night.
, ;,B7g （对）Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.
新开千年私服了!
奇迹私服 
