英语语法的十六种时态 一、概况
9` a1xnL g$^:2MT"aQ 一般时
[ClDKswq H$@5\pP> 进行时
i(Xz3L#( wI0NotC 完成时
T"bH{|:%*= fen~k#| l 完成进行时
jV|j]m&t s^& Oh*SP* 一般现在时 现在进行时 现在完成时 现在完成进行时 一般过去时 过去进行时 过去完成时 过去完成进行时 一般将来时 将来进行时 将来完成时 将来完成进行时 一般过去将来时 过去将来进行时 过去将来完成时 过去将来完成进行时
$.5f-vQp nO\c4#ce 二、十六种时态的谓语形势
%&Fsk]T%: 一般时态 进行时态 完成时态 完成进行时态 现在 do/does am/is/are doing have/has done have/has been doing 过去 did was/were doing had done had been doing 将来 shall/will do shall/will be doing shall/will have done shall/will have been doing 过去将来 should/would do
R(^ 2+mV? should/would be doing should/would have done should/would have been doing
`SfBT1#5G 一般过去时的用法
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i46 bb4 `s0 1）表示在过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性的动作。
&^7^7: Y=? When I was a child, I often played football in the street.
prdc}~J8{ Whenever the Browns went during their visit, they were given a warm welcome.
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`Z1 2）句型：
W2`/z)[*> It is time for sb. to do sth "到……时间了" "该……了"
2=%R>&]* It is time sb. did sth. "时间已迟了" "早该……了"
Cu $mb}@ It is time for you to go to bed. 你该睡觉了。
, _iR It is time you went to bed. 你早该睡觉了。
p"dK,A5#) would (had) rather sb. did sth. 表示'宁愿某人做某事'
J1\H^gyW) I'd rather you came tomorrow.
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! 3) wish, wonder, think, hope 等用过去时，作试探性的询问、请求、建议等。
-Pt']07E I thought you might have some. 我以为你想要一些。
q(XO_1W0V DkA@KS1Dq 比较：
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4e1n+I 一般过去时表示的动作或状态都已成为过去，现已不复存在。
+M{A4nYY|1 Christine was an invalid all her life.
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R^f-j-$o] Christine has been an invalid all her life.
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H (含义：她现在还活着)
,3,(/%=k Mrs. Darby lived in Kentucky for seven years.
[B1h0IR (含义：达比太太已不再住在肯塔基州。)
(Wu J 9 Mrs. Darby has lived in Kentucky for seven years.
^ fqco9^; ( 含义：现在还住在肯塔基州，有可能指刚离去)
17ol %3 M JBMJR 注意： 用过去时表示现在，表示委婉语气。
rk)h_zN 1）动词want, hope, wonder, think, intend 等。
Y7GHIzX Did you want anything else?
9k *1_ I wondered if you could help me.
ZD#{h J- 2）情态动词 could, would.
1=Y pNXX Could you lend me your bike?
wqE+hKs, 一般将来时
; hZ^zL ) 2&y;{] ~&%&Z 1) shall用于第一人称，常被will 所代替。
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<#H5/Tq will 在陈述句中用于各人称，在争求意见时常用于第二人称。
j1i<.,0g Which paragraph shall I read first.
e"^n^_9 Will you be at home at seven this evening?
~fz9Ah U8 %$ ^ eY'-' 2) be going to +不定式，表示将来。
@q++eGm\Q a. 主语的意图，即将做某事。
! wr2OxK* What are you going to do tomorrow?
\agT#tT J b. 计划，安排要发生的事。
M|9=B<6`7 the play is going to be produced next month。
<E1ngG c. 有迹象要发生的事
"]kq,j^] Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm.
P0O=veCf 3x3 =ke! 3) be +不定式表将来，按计划或正式安排将发生的事。
"3e1 7dsY We are to discuss the report next Saturday.
R7NE= X4 Tq,xW 4) be about to +不定式，意为马上做某事。
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} He is about to leave for Beijing.
7&Qf))L 注意：be about to 不能与tomorrow, next week 等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用。
dA[S@ysvG 现在进行时
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N !d 2/f!{lz ]( Mr. GREen is writing another novel.
5"^Z7+6 (说话时并未在写，只处于写作的状态。)
>A*BRX"4C She is learning piano under Mr. Smith.
9 6j*F,{ c. 表示渐变的动词有：get, grow, become, turn, run, go, begin等。
tJ9-8ZT* the leaves are turning red.
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Bt It's getting warmer and warmer.
2e*"<>aeq d. 与always, constantly, forever 等词连用，表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态，往往带有说话人的主观色彩。
c7f11N!v>b You are always changing your mind.
! ~3zp L V 2/?1 典型例题
Y9ipy_@_? My dictionary ___, I have looked for it everywhere but still___ it.
i=aK ?^+ A. has lost, don't find B. is missing, don't find C. has lost, haven't found D. is missing, haven't found.
W*.6'u)9 答案D. 前句是一个仍在持续的状态，应用进行时，由于没有找到，其影响仍然存在，应用完成时，瞬间动词用于否定式时可用于完成时。
ty-erdsP 过去进行时
:7 OhplI "C'T>^qw* 1） 概念：表示过去某时正在进行的状态或动作。
D{G~7 P\. {"n=t`E)3 2） 过去进行时的主要用法是描述一件事发生的背景；一个长动作发生的时候，另一个短动作发生。
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l 3) 常用的时间状语
R~! md this morning, the whole morning, all day yesterday, from nine to ten last evening, when, while
b1Fd]4H3P _h0hl]rf =VvQ 2Y0h8 My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself.
G * '1[Bu It was raining when they left the station.
NhF<2[mt When I got to the top of the mountain, the sun was shining.
,l7',@6Y i;I!Jc_b' 典型例题
D+( '1E ? 1) Mary ___ a dress when she cut her finger.
_t.U b : A. made B. is making C. was making D. makes
(c|Ry[$| 答案C. 割伤手指是已发生的事情，应用过去时。同 时，when表时间的同时性，"玛丽在做衣服时"提供事情发生的背景，因此用过去进行时。
f0]`TjY _>4Qh#6K 2) As she ___ the newspaper, Granny ___ asleep.
HsRQiai* read； was falling B. was reading； fell C. was reading； was falling D. read；fell
C[s='v ~} 答案B.句中的as = when, while，意为"当……之时"。描述一件事发生的背景时，用过去进行；一个长动作发生的时候，另一个短动作发生。句意为 "在她看报纸时，奶奶睡着了。"句中的 fell (fall的过去时)，是系动词，后跟形容词，如：fall sick。
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比较过去时与现在完成时
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l4aB+ `VD7VX,rp* 一般过去时的时间状语:
f3"sKL4| yesterday, last week，…ago, in1980, in October, just now, 具体的时间状语
JxLSQ-" Mv7=ZA m 共同的时间状语:
B(qwTz 51 this morning, tonight,this April, now, once，before, already, recently，lately
?i5=sK\ Zg/
],/ ` 现在完成时的时间状语
OoOr@5g for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till / until, up to now, in past years, always,
-,^Z5N#\| 不确定的时间状语
\>p\~[cxt f&88 N<) 3）现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态，动词一般是延续性的，如live, teach, learn, work, study, know.
GRj#1OqL 过去时常用的非持续性动词有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等。
|eEXCn3{ 举例：
zsmlXyP'e! I saw this film yesterday.
)A=&3Ui)ab （强调看的动作发生过了。）
1CA% nqlng I have seen this film.
gN5;Uk （强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了。）
=L&dV]'4P Why did you get up so early?
mWX{I2 （强调起床的动作已发生过了。）
!X ={a{<,T Who hasn't handed in his paper?
c);vl% （强调有卷子，可能为不公平竞争。）
vG#,J&aW She has returned from Paris.
J E ''Th} 她已从巴黎回来了。
Twq, 6X- She returned yesterday.
RR[1mM 她是昨天回来了。
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He has been in the League for three years.
7 p[NuU*Gg (在团内的状态可延续)
)2: ,E He has been a League member for three years.
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Aj (是团员的状态可持续)
NXSjN~aG2 He joined the League three years ago.
MD>xRs ( 三年前入团，joined为短暂行为。)
@ w?, 7i-S I have finished my homework now.
W WN2 }Wz[ox 9b ---Will somebody go and get Dr. White?
Y?x c#' ---He's already been sent for.
AGK{t+` 句子中如有过去时的时间副词（如 yesterday, last, week, in 1960）时，不能使用现在完成时，要用过去时。
cn2SMa[@S （错）Tom has written a letter to his parents last night.
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3/d （对）Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.
新开千年私服了!
奇迹私服 
