英语语法的十六种时态 一、概况
(rq(y$N 9g. 5: 一般时
r$x;rL4 WYkh'sv > 进行时
$s 'n]]Wq mMO]l(a& 完成时
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完成进行时
9w=[}<E ySF^^X $J 一般现在时 现在进行时 现在完成时 现在完成进行时 一般过去时 过去进行时 过去完成时 过去完成进行时 一般将来时 将来进行时 将来完成时 将来完成进行时 一般过去将来时 过去将来进行时 过去将来完成时 过去将来完成进行时
fX>y^s?y g0-rQA 二、十六种时态的谓语形势
u*rHKZ9i 一般时态 进行时态 完成时态 完成进行时态 现在 do/does am/is/are doing have/has done have/has been doing 过去 did was/were doing had done had been doing 将来 shall/will do shall/will be doing shall/will have done shall/will have been doing 过去将来 should/would do
BPVOBL@ should/would be doing should/would have done should/would have been doing
Q8.LlE999 一般过去时的用法
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i Hxleh><c- 1）表示在过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性的动作。
@Y}G,i When I was a child, I often played football in the street.
U *go}dt"5 Whenever the Browns went during their visit, they were given a warm welcome.
)CgH|z:=b FPM l;0{ 2）句型：
0sB[]E|7[s It is time for sb. to do sth "到……时间了" "该……了"
sk
AF6n It is time sb. did sth. "时间已迟了" "早该……了"
rZE+B25T~ It is time for you to go to bed. 你该睡觉了。
3e1P!^'\ It is time you went to bed. 你早该睡觉了。
\)ZCB7 | would (had) rather sb. did sth. 表示'宁愿某人做某事'
$ +$l?2 I'd rather you came tomorrow.
q>5j (,6F H6U 5- 3) wish, wonder, think, hope 等用过去时，作试探性的询问、请求、建议等。
7:<A_OLi I thought you might have some. 我以为你想要一些。
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N :"(mQ ? PpS4Rd 比较：
xErb11 一般过去时表示的动作或状态都已成为过去，现已不复存在。
qdxaP% p2 Christine was an invalid all her life.
q%dbx:y# (含义：她已不在人间。)
C2\zbC[qm Christine has been an invalid all her life.
;~'& m (含义：她现在还活着)
i4nFjz Mrs. Darby lived in Kentucky for seven years.
n7yp6 Db (含义：达比太太已不再住在肯塔基州。)
b vZ:5 M Mrs. Darby has lived in Kentucky for seven years.
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B7aD ( 含义：现在还住在肯塔基州，有可能指刚离去)
l@ (:Q!Sk o?6m/Klw6 注意： 用过去时表示现在，表示委婉语气。
<Y2$'ETD 1）动词want, hope, wonder, think, intend 等。
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_-:? Did you want anything else?
NRgVNE I wondered if you could help me.
P(/ eVD#v 2）情态动词 could, would.
_uXb>V*8 Could you lend me your bike?
b&dv("e
4 一般将来时
F \ |4zM 0/9]T Ic N/--6)5~0 1) shall用于第一人称，常被will 所代替。
8/&4l,M5 will 在陈述句中用于各人称，在争求意见时常用于第二人称。
Vu=/<;-N Which paragraph shall I read first.
n.z,-H17 Will you be at home at seven this evening?
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`? (N 2) be going to +不定式，表示将来。
44|tCB` a. 主语的意图，即将做某事。
4e#$ -V What are you going to do tomorrow?
q LP/z b. 计划，安排要发生的事。
/zoy,t-i the play is going to be produced next month。
RHMXPsj c. 有迹象要发生的事
eZN"t~\rX Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm.
f-71`Pyb FR OC/' 3) be +不定式表将来，按计划或正式安排将发生的事。
j49Uj}:j We are to discuss the report next Saturday.
]bY]YNt{7] ~x# TfeU] 4) be about to +不定式，意为马上做某事。
Y)+q[MZ R He is about to leave for Beijing.
?%}!_F`h% 注意：be about to 不能与tomorrow, next week 等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用。
lg~7[=%k# 现在进行时
Zd-6_,r >3Q|k{97 \r[u
>7I Mr. GREen is writing another novel.
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B9mM#p~ (说话时并未在写，只处于写作的状态。)
3m` >D
e She is learning piano under Mr. Smith.
;'= cNj c. 表示渐变的动词有：get, grow, become, turn, run, go, begin等。
_g I1rXI the leaves are turning red.
(r kg0 It's getting warmer and warmer.
uMS+,dXy d. 与always, constantly, forever 等词连用，表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态，往往带有说话人的主观色彩。
G+t:]\ You are always changing your mind.
U/Q gO ,7]hjf_h 典型例题
n]ba1t8ZA My dictionary ___, I have looked for it everywhere but still___ it.
'2H?c< Y3 A. has lost, don't find B. is missing, don't find C. has lost, haven't found D. is missing, haven't found.
O 'mcN* 答案D. 前句是一个仍在持续的状态，应用进行时，由于没有找到，其影响仍然存在，应用完成时，瞬间动词用于否定式时可用于完成时。
oDz|%N2s| 过去进行时
#e|o"R;/` aQtd6L+ J 1） 概念：表示过去某时正在进行的状态或动作。
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Bgn R[ a-" 2） 过去进行时的主要用法是描述一件事发生的背景；一个长动作发生的时候，另一个短动作发生。
j)?M %+N]$Q 3) 常用的时间状语
>|E]??v this morning, the whole morning, all day yesterday, from nine to ten last evening, when, while
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D}98ZKi =cS&> MT My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself.
/I=|; FGq It was raining when they left the station.
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-0 When I got to the top of the mountain, the sun was shining.
%8FfP5# g Ed A
hfx 典型例题
Y 3BJ@sqz 1) Mary ___ a dress when she cut her finger.
Y sVmU A. made B. is making C. was making D. makes
)!2@v@SQ 答案C. 割伤手指是已发生的事情，应用过去时。同 时，when表时间的同时性，"玛丽在做衣服时"提供事情发生的背景，因此用过去进行时。
ub-3/ T hG?y)g\A 2) As she ___ the newspaper, Granny ___ asleep.
t0m;tb bg read； was falling B. was reading； fell C. was reading； was falling D. read；fell
4>*=q*<V5E 答案B.句中的as = when, while，意为"当……之时"。描述一件事发生的背景时，用过去进行；一个长动作发生的时候，另一个短动作发生。句意为 "在她看报纸时，奶奶睡着了。"句中的 fell (fall的过去时)，是系动词，后跟形容词，如：fall sick。
$[>{s9E 比较过去时与现在完成时
qzUiBwUi@ .\R9tt} 'x*C#mt WNGX`V,d 一般过去时的时间状语:
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Qeg yesterday, last week，…ago, in1980, in October, just now, 具体的时间状语
K%v:giN$l` 9zwD%3Ufn 共同的时间状语:
n R{<xD^ this morning, tonight,this April, now, once，before, already, recently，lately
g,Ob/g8uc 5whW>T 现在完成时的时间状语
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I for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till / until, up to now, in past years, always,
&=g3J4$z 不确定的时间状语
n n7LL+h u cpU $+ 3）现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态，动词一般是延续性的，如live, teach, learn, work, study, know.
uy { O 过去时常用的非持续性动词有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等。
@ +b$43 ^ 举例：
q /EX`%U I saw this film yesterday.
{-4+=7Sg1 （强调看的动作发生过了。）
Ib..X&N2 I have seen this film.
&
kC （强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了。）
/vSG
mW-* Why did you get up so early?
Z@zo~*o （强调起床的动作已发生过了。）
3``JrkPI Who hasn't handed in his paper?
z !g$#hmL> （强调有卷子，可能为不公平竞争。）
hEZvi
She has returned from Paris.
[7I:Dm 她已从巴黎回来了。
cGlN*GJ*H She returned yesterday.
*Jsb~wta 她是昨天回来了。
RTmp $lV He has been in the League for three years.
)E9!m (在团内的状态可延续)
&|Gg46P7 He has been a League member for three years.
,JwX*L<: (是团员的状态可持续)
y0xBNhev He joined the League three years ago.
:
!aLa}`@ ( 三年前入团，joined为短暂行为。)
p<L7qwOii I have finished my homework now.
BM!ZdoKrKt x# 0?$}f< ---Will somebody go and get Dr. White?
0|AgmW_7
. ---He's already been sent for.
sC3Vj(d!i 句子中如有过去时的时间副词（如 yesterday, last, week, in 1960）时，不能使用现在完成时，要用过去时。
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（错）Tom has written a letter to his parents last night.
| ke0G （对）Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.
新开千年私服了!
奇迹私服 
