英语语法的十六种时态 一、概况
$@[)nvV\ 0'ZYO.y 一般时
!QC<n / *=nO 进行时
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完成时
[ #]jC[ ~w.2 -D 完成进行时
~Yl$I, yz)ESQ~va 一般现在时 现在进行时 现在完成时 现在完成进行时 一般过去时 过去进行时 过去完成时 过去完成进行时 一般将来时 将来进行时 将来完成时 将来完成进行时 一般过去将来时 过去将来进行时 过去将来完成时 过去将来完成进行时
8 lS($@@{ h(:<(o@< 二、十六种时态的谓语形势
%-^ }45](q 一般时态 进行时态 完成时态 完成进行时态 现在 do/does am/is/are doing have/has done have/has been doing 过去 did was/were doing had done had been doing 将来 shall/will do shall/will be doing shall/will have done shall/will have been doing 过去将来 should/would do
I6w/0,azC should/would be doing should/would have done should/would have been doing
dq 8+m(7k 一般过去时的用法
fPE ? hG<x ER<e X4oU 1）表示在过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性的动作。
[h", D5 When I was a child, I often played football in the street.
|!b9b(_j9 Whenever the Browns went during their visit, they were given a warm welcome.
hAa[[%wPhU @&:VKpu\ 2）句型：
i<:p.ug -O It is time for sb. to do sth "到……时间了" "该……了"
Q&wYc{TUbm It is time sb. did sth. "时间已迟了" "早该……了"
+!$dO'0nt, It is time for you to go to bed. 你该睡觉了。
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h It is time you went to bed. 你早该睡觉了。
M71R -B`- would (had) rather sb. did sth. 表示'宁愿某人做某事'
$[Q cEk I'd rather you came tomorrow.
+E#PJ_H=F8 K{FhT9R' 3) wish, wonder, think, hope 等用过去时，作试探性的询问、请求、建议等。
>Fh#DmQ I thought you might have some. 我以为你想要一些。
.nPL2zO {kG;."S+K 比较：
{9{J^@ @ 一般过去时表示的动作或状态都已成为过去，现已不复存在。
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[5#c*A Christine was an invalid all her life.
$P_x v (含义：她已不在人间。)
o_3*;}k8 Christine has been an invalid all her life.
UGf6i"F (含义：她现在还活着)
#-dK0<: Mrs. Darby lived in Kentucky for seven years.
, #Ln/; (含义：达比太太已不再住在肯塔基州。)
u!u5g.Q Mrs. Darby has lived in Kentucky for seven years.
@|]G0&gn&? ( 含义：现在还住在肯塔基州，有可能指刚离去)
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< yJ~{ t}c v2S 注意： 用过去时表示现在，表示委婉语气。
(6o:4|xl0 1）动词want, hope, wonder, think, intend 等。
L3g9b53\ Did you want anything else?
ef,F[-2^o I wondered if you could help me.
g X8**g' 2）情态动词 could, would.
"p`o]$Wv Could you lend me your bike?
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A=| 一般将来时
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7!^ A O^]>/7ed xLZMpP5c 1) shall用于第一人称，常被will 所代替。
}oV3EIH will 在陈述句中用于各人称，在争求意见时常用于第二人称。
^Yqbj L Which paragraph shall I read first.
?&XzW+(X Will you be at home at seven this evening?
8Y7 @D $=w 5W|u5AIw 2) be going to +不定式，表示将来。
{ q})kO a. 主语的意图，即将做某事。
MHGj vSx What are you going to do tomorrow?
[:Xn6)qz b. 计划，安排要发生的事。
TdNsyr}JG the play is going to be produced next month。
J/L)3y c. 有迹象要发生的事
:82?'aR Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm.
hl* MUD, xP42xv9U 3) be +不定式表将来，按计划或正式安排将发生的事。
W 3"vTZJF We are to discuss the report next Saturday.
Q X sfp rtcJ=`)0` 4) be about to +不定式，意为马上做某事。
;B*L1'FF%t He is about to leave for Beijing.
{`tHJ|8 注意：be about to 不能与tomorrow, next week 等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用。
pb~Ps#"Zg 现在进行时
P Q6T| > ?`z a-+<r< mi*:S%;h Mr. GREen is writing another novel.
loml.e=87 (说话时并未在写，只处于写作的状态。)
Rd`{qW She is learning piano under Mr. Smith.
M4R%Gr,L a c. 表示渐变的动词有：get, grow, become, turn, run, go, begin等。
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SHt the leaves are turning red.
Bi'I18< It's getting warmer and warmer.
Pw0{.W~r d. 与always, constantly, forever 等词连用，表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态，往往带有说话人的主观色彩。
~3L hcU- You are always changing your mind.
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X-xx 典型例题
/%2:+w My dictionary ___, I have looked for it everywhere but still___ it.
U/}AiCdj @ A. has lost, don't find B. is missing, don't find C. has lost, haven't found D. is missing, haven't found.
nC-c8y 答案D. 前句是一个仍在持续的状态，应用进行时，由于没有找到，其影响仍然存在，应用完成时，瞬间动词用于否定式时可用于完成时。
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mk8G 过去进行时
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=; 1） 概念：表示过去某时正在进行的状态或动作。
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2） 过去进行时的主要用法是描述一件事发生的背景；一个长动作发生的时候，另一个短动作发生。
; |E! |w Fm-q=3 3) 常用的时间状语
V\e13cL] this morning, the whole morning, all day yesterday, from nine to ten last evening, when, while
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eLe,= e<: 4czh8 My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself.
V1UUAvN7s It was raining when they left the station.
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7wk When I got to the top of the mountain, the sun was shining.
yg-L^`t+B5 S'v V" 典型例题
B.C H9M 1) Mary ___ a dress when she cut her finger.
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as A. made B. is making C. was making D. makes
q.u[g0h; 答案C. 割伤手指是已发生的事情，应用过去时。同 时，when表时间的同时性，"玛丽在做衣服时"提供事情发生的背景，因此用过去进行时。
}uV? [F BC z> 2) As she ___ the newspaper, Granny ___ asleep.
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Y7W1$he read； was falling B. was reading； fell C. was reading； was falling D. read；fell
1OfSq1G>v$ 答案B.句中的as = when, while，意为"当……之时"。描述一件事发生的背景时，用过去进行；一个长动作发生的时候，另一个短动作发生。句意为 "在她看报纸时，奶奶睡着了。"句中的 fell (fall的过去时)，是系动词，后跟形容词，如：fall sick。
]iE.fQ?;J 比较过去时与现在完成时
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e X +UpMMh q 一般过去时的时间状语:
>TQBRA;' yesterday, last week，…ago, in1980, in October, just now, 具体的时间状语
yjM@/b ^! v} 共同的时间状语:
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this morning, tonight,this April, now, once，before, already, recently，lately
CL@h!h554_ 5M\=+5wB 现在完成时的时间状语
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T1Qep for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till / until, up to now, in past years, always,
P9tQS"Rs 不确定的时间状语
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']; 3）现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态，动词一般是延续性的，如live, teach, learn, work, study, know.
h,WY2Hr 过去时常用的非持续性动词有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等。
~b6<uRnM. 举例：
pJ*#aH[ySP I saw this film yesterday.
{i%x s#0h （强调看的动作发生过了。）
F#}1{$)%
/ I have seen this film.
mP$G
9R （强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了。）
Vw;ldEdx Why did you get up so early?
N>nvt.`P （强调起床的动作已发生过了。）
b-(UsY: Who hasn't handed in his paper?
64 \5 v?C （强调有卷子，可能为不公平竞争。）
/4B4IT She has returned from Paris.
j_a~)o-p 她已从巴黎回来了。
`2mbF ^-4 She returned yesterday.
ZV q 她是昨天回来了。
_9-D3 _P[3 He has been in the League for three years.
,8"[ /@ (在团内的状态可延续)
`7qp\vYL He has been a League member for three years.
&pY G (是团员的状态可持续)
i(f;'fb* He joined the League three years ago.
%Rsf6 rJ ( 三年前入团，joined为短暂行为。)
R5;eR(24G I have finished my homework now.
5f*'wA 1DlcO>#@ ---Will somebody go and get Dr. White?
kdMS"iN8x ---He's already been sent for.
BSu)O~s 句子中如有过去时的时间副词（如 yesterday, last, week, in 1960）时，不能使用现在完成时，要用过去时。
vwH7/+ （错）Tom has written a letter to his parents last night.
o`8+#+@f7 （对）Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.
新开千年私服了!
奇迹私服 
