英语语法的十六种时态 一、概况
remc_}`w OsOfo({I_ 一般时
'z91aNG] U>n[R/~] 进行时
"y8W5R5kL4 -[*y{K@dh 完成时
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8 <mJ8~ 完成进行时
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hzo gR/?MJ(v 一般现在时 现在进行时 现在完成时 现在完成进行时 一般过去时 过去进行时 过去完成时 过去完成进行时 一般将来时 将来进行时 将来完成时 将来完成进行时 一般过去将来时 过去将来进行时 过去将来完成时 过去将来完成进行时
"7-}#_!g `j{q 二、十六种时态的谓语形势
-I4@6vE, 一般时态 进行时态 完成时态 完成进行时态 现在 do/does am/is/are doing have/has done have/has been doing 过去 did was/were doing had done had been doing 将来 shall/will do shall/will be doing shall/will have done shall/will have been doing 过去将来 should/would do
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VW should/would be doing should/would have done should/would have been doing
(<.\v@7HC 一般过去时的用法
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7R39# 9y[U\[H 1)表示在过去一段时间内,经常性或习惯性的动作。
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?ud When I was a child, I often played football in the street.
uNEl]Q]<e] Whenever the Browns went during their visit, they were given a warm welcome.
`#ff`j|a o]I8Ghk>/z 2)句型:
^$`mS&3/q It is time for sb. to do sth "到……时间了" "该……了"
ga,kKPL It is time sb. did sth. "时间已迟了" "早该……了"
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p'|A}9[/ It is time for you to go to bed. 你该睡觉了。
83]m/Iz It is time you went to bed. 你早该睡觉了。
h}tC+_"D would (had) rather sb. did sth. 表示'宁愿某人做某事'
W NeBthq6 I'd rather you came tomorrow.
"1\GU1x ,yp#!gE~ 3) wish, wonder, think, hope 等用过去时,作试探性的询问、请求、建议等。
*"OlO}o I thought you might have some. 我以为你想要一些。
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B-x_D 比较:
Wm{ebx 一般过去时表示的动作或状态都已成为过去,现已不复存在。
|Ch,C Christine was an invalid all her life.
q77qdmq7 (含义:她已不在人间。)
]H{*Z3S Christine has been an invalid all her life.
0s Jp,4Vv (含义:她现在还活着)
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i< Mrs. Darby lived in Kentucky for seven years.
a;Pn.@NVq (含义:达比太太已不再住在肯塔基州。)
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Ur`X Mrs. Darby has lived in Kentucky for seven years.
\N-3JO Vy ( 含义:现在还住在肯塔基州,有可能指刚离去)
*:+ZEFMq @d^DU5ats> 注意: 用过去时表示现在,表示委婉语气。
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: 1)动词want, hope, wonder, think, intend 等。
pd`m//G Did you want anything else?
.x] pJ9 I wondered if you could help me.
xCWS 2)情态动词 could, would.
KJS-{ed Could you lend me your bike?
Bxw(pACf 一般将来时
@^ti*` f9},d1k NOkgG0Z 1) shall用于第一人称,常被will 所代替。
%,<Ki]F will 在陈述句中用于各人称,在争求意见时常用于第二人称。
l\Ww^ Which paragraph shall I read first.
M=&,+#z<V Will you be at home at seven this evening?
6rD]6#D S-3hLw&? 2) be going to +不定式,表示将来。
x H=15JY1W a. 主语的意图,即将做某事。
o[WDPIG What are you going to do tomorrow?
eV(9I v[ b. 计划,安排要发生的事。
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NlL`g the play is going to be produced next month。
L@zhbWY c. 有迹象要发生的事
Q[q`)~| Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm.
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C).Vj~ 3) be +不定式表将来,按计划或正式安排将发生的事。
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^VvzNn We are to discuss the report next Saturday.
%.$7-+:7A rMZuiRz* 4) be about to +不定式,意为马上做某事。
g*LD}`X/- He is about to leave for Beijing.
'6>*J 注意:be about to 不能与tomorrow, next week 等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用。
|KS,k|). 现在进行时
]cmX f =Tl_~OR w7Y@wa! Mr. GREen is writing another novel.
Qs59IZ (说话时并未在写,只处于写作的状态。)
EEL3~H{( She is learning piano under Mr. Smith.
H, :]S-T c. 表示渐变的动词有:get, grow, become, turn, run, go, begin等。
xY!ud) the leaves are turning red.
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OW@zL$ It's getting warmer and warmer.
4:N*C7P d. 与always, constantly, forever 等词连用,表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态,往往带有说话人的主观色彩。
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You are always changing your mind.
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)=29Hm" 典型例题
bDtb6hL My dictionary ___, I have looked for it everywhere but still___ it.
>,]8iMh A. has lost, don't find B. is missing, don't find C. has lost, haven't found D. is missing, haven't found.
H;=Fq+ 答案D. 前句是一个仍在持续的状态,应用进行时,由于没有找到,其影响仍然存在,应用完成时,瞬间动词用于否定式时可用于完成时。
X<[ qX* 过去进行时
_(kaa WJ flFdoEV.U) 1) 概念:表示过去某时正在进行的状态或动作。
%%uE^nX> NzP71t+ 2) 过去进行时的主要用法是描述一件事发生的背景;一个长动作发生的时候,另一个短动作发生。
x6s|al $Emu*' 3) 常用的时间状语
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zaD\^OF this morning, the whole morning, all day yesterday, from nine to ten last evening, when, while
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P"H,} My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself.
`;;l {8 It was raining when they left the station.
;t\h"K<,| When I got to the top of the mountain, the sun was shining.
M]/aW X(nyTR8 典型例题
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}LC 1) Mary ___ a dress when she cut her finger.
SXOAa<u5 A. made B. is making C. was making D. makes
&o;0%QgF 答案C. 割伤手指是已发生的事情,应用过去时。同 时,when表时间的同时性,"玛丽在做衣服时"提供事情发生的背景,因此用过去进行时。
71c[`h*0{ iT4*~(p 3 2) As she ___ the newspaper, Granny ___ asleep.
U-u?oU-.' read; was falling B. was reading; fell C. was reading; was falling D. read;fell
?";SUku 答案B.句中的as = when, while,意为"当……之时"。描述一件事发生的背景时,用过去进行;一个长动作发生的时候,另一个短动作发生。句意为 "在她看报纸时,奶奶睡着了。"句中的 fell (fall的过去时),是系动词,后跟形容词,如:fall sick。
IL %]4, 比较过去时与现在完成时
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9VEH 一般过去时的时间状语:
@ivd|*?k0 yesterday, last week,…ago, in1980, in October, just now, 具体的时间状语
[!A[oK9i C `R[ZY!=+ 共同的时间状语:
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! this morning, tonight,this April, now, once,before, already, recently,lately
y!77gx?- S }`sp[6 现在完成时的时间状语
a[O6xA% for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till / until, up to now, in past years, always,
cqNK`3:.j 不确定的时间状语
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KGO 3)现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态,动词一般是延续性的,如live, teach, learn, work, study, know.
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E\|\g 过去时常用的非持续性动词有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等。
hi0HEm\ 举例:
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bR,K I saw this film yesterday.
BPba3G9H (强调看的动作发生过了。)
Nz,yd%ua I have seen this film.
+T+@g8S (强调对现在的影响,电影的内容已经知道了。)
k&]nF,f Why did you get up so early?
Ma[EgG (强调起床的动作已发生过了。)
9Eyx Ob Who hasn't handed in his paper?
9oWU]A\k> (强调有卷子,可能为不公平竞争。)
|W">&Rb<t# She has returned from Paris.
&_ekA44E 她已从巴黎回来了。
a:h<M^n049 She returned yesterday.
I{`7 0 她是昨天回来了。
HGDrH He has been in the League for three years.
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(在团内的状态可延续)
x *Lt]]A He has been a League member for three years.
d8j1L/e (是团员的状态可持续)
QHEtG2 He joined the League three years ago.
>ZgzE ( 三年前入团,joined为短暂行为。)
)+E[M!34 I have finished my homework now.
z ^gJy,T O !L`0
=%c ---Will somebody go and get Dr. White?
*Z5^WHwg ---He's already been sent for.
bLgH3[{ 句子中如有过去时的时间副词(如 yesterday, last, week, in 1960)时,不能使用现在完成时,要用过去时。
*Gbhk8}V' (错)Tom has written a letter to his parents last night.
RU )35oEV| (对)Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.
新开千年私服了!
奇迹私服