过去完成时
U<XfO'XJ a. She said (that) she had never been to Paris.
F\;l) b. 状语从句
:SN? t 在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中,发生在先,用过去完成时;发生在后,用一般过去时。
m|?1HCRXRI When the police arrived, the thieves had run away.
X eis_ c. 表示意向的动词,如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等,用过去完成时表示"原本…,未能…"
90JWU$K We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't.
$i8oLSRV ~Odclrs 3) 过去完成时的时间状语before, by, until , when, after, once, as soon as。
}|=Fnyj He said that he had learned some English before.
OL#i!ia. By the time he was twelve, Edison had began to make a living by himself.
`tH F} Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party.
6x!iL\Y~ Wa?\W& 典型例题
T9}dgf the students ___ busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she ___ in the office.
NQ '|M A. had written, left B,were writing, has left C. had written, had left D. were writing, had left
.ArOZ{lKD> 答案D. "把书忘在办公室"发生在"去取书"这一过去的动作之前,因此"忘了书"这一动作发生在过去的过去,用过去完成时。句中when表示的是时间的一点,表示在"同学们正忙于……"这一背景下,when所引导的动作发生。因此
bWCtRli} 前一句应用过去进行时。
&ML-\aSal ~-yq,x 注意: had no … when 还没等…… 就……
!a%_A^t7 had no sooner… than 刚…… 就……
@9]TjZd He had no sooner bought the car than he sold it.
nob}}w]~C 用于现在完成时的句型
|mw3v> +I.
{y JAmpU^(C 1)It is the first / second time…. that…结构中的从句部分,用现在完成时。
ZoqE,ucH It is the first time that I have visited the city.
_ ^0UK|[ It was the third time that the boy had been late.
*M~BN}. sdQ"[`~2R 2)This is the… that…结构,that 从句要用现在完成时.
3qp\jh=FE This is the best film that I've (ever) seen.
.Jc<Gg 这是我看过的最好的电影。
}SW>ysw'm This is the first time (that) I've heard him sing. 这是我第一次听他唱歌。
?*f2P T?` {k<mN
Y 典型例题
[_tBv" z (1) ---Do you know our town at all?
HAcC& s8 ---No, this is the first time I ___ here.
HhqNpU A. was B. have been C. came D. am coming
WSx0o} 答案B. This is the first time 后面所加从句应为现在完成时,故选B。
Sh U1RQk '!XVz$C (2) ---Have you ____ been to our town before?
ALp|fZ\vp ---No, it's the first time I ___ here.
TDW\n A. even, come B. even, have come C. ever, come D. ever, have come
B d?{ldg 答案D. ever意为曾经或无论何时,反意词为never,此两词常用于完成时。 This is the largest fish I have ever seen. It is / was the first time +that-clause 的句型中,从句要用完成时。
5wm(gF_t 注意:非延续性动词的否定形式可以与表示延续时间的状语连用。即动作不发生的状态是可以持续的。
Zopi;O J (错)I have received his letter for a month.
9h0Y">}`b (对)I haven't received his letter for almost a month.
+(8Z8]Jf bG!/%,s 独立主格结构的特点:
X32{y973hT 1)独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同,它独立存在。
cFloaCz 2)名词或代词与后面的分词,形容词,副词,不定 式,介词等是主谓关系。
*L#\#nh7 3)独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开。
t/(rB} 举例:
o9c?)KQ the test finished, we began our holiday.
Fz@9
@ = When the test was finished, we began our holiday.
\vqqs 考试结束了,我们开始放假。
aJ$({ZN\# e3]v
*<bj the president assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow.
! +XreCw = After the president was assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow.
p?'&P! 总统被谋杀了,举国上下沉浸在悲哀之中。
@ 3,:G$, -s9()K(vZG &ZI-#(P Weather permitting, we are going to visit you tomorrow.
B PG&R 如果天气允许,我们明天去看你。
@k-iy-|3) This done, we went home.
V$3`y=8 工作完成后,我们才回家。
#;/ob- ##a.=gl %`}nP3 the meeting gone over, everyone tired to go home earlier.
&6nLnMF8x 会议结束后,每个人都想早点回家。
a6\`r^ @ w/csLi.O %{ory5 He came into the room, his ears red with cold.
}/MmuPp 他回到了房子里,耳朵冻坏了。
8yk4#CZ %a']TX He came out of the library, a large book under his arm.
D.gD4g_O/ 他夹着本厚书,走出了图书馆
新开千年私服了!
奇迹私服