过去完成时
d tE"1nR a. She said (that) she had never been to Paris.
t
.}];IJP b. 状语从句
2C1NDrS;} 在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，发生在先，用过去完成时；发生在后，用一般过去时。
mlPvF%Ba When the police arrived, the thieves had run away.
&E1m{gB( c. 表示意向的动词，如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等，用过去完成时表示"原本…，未能…"
f7 |Tp m We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't.
$ai;8)C6 ]1pB7XL 3) 过去完成时的时间状语before, by, until , when, after, once, as soon as。
\ @[Q3.
VX He said that he had learned some English before.
kv6nVlI)B By the time he was twelve, Edison had began to make a living by himself.
!{ {gL=_@ Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party.
T"a E] 4_ E N CWOj 典型例题
MTN*{ug2: the students ___ busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she ___ in the office.
"vT$?IoEV A. had written, left B，were writing, has left C. had written, had left D. were writing, had left
^ g|VZN 答案D. "把书忘在办公室"发生在"去取书"这一过去的动作之前，因此"忘了书"这一动作发生在过去的过去，用过去完成时。句中when表示的是时间的一点，表示在"同学们正忙于……"这一背景下，when所引导的动作发生。因此
ky-nP8 L} 前一句应用过去进行时。
rl A/eQrS |2 %|= 注意： had no … when 还没等…… 就……
]31=8+
D had no sooner… than 刚…… 就……
9 zS He had no sooner bought the car than he sold it.
VX82n,'=t 用于现在完成时的句型
"wuO[c&%/ G maNi qTN%9!0@9 1）It is the first / second time…. that…结构中的从句部分，用现在完成时。
cs ?WE9N It is the first time that I have visited the city.
_ziSH 3( It was the third time that the boy had been late.
wwywiFj "bDj 00nwh 2）This is the… that…结构，that 从句要用现在完成时.
>Q!}tbg~9 This is the best film that I've (ever) seen.
5OtdB'UITd 这是我看过的最好的电影。
# {{p4/: This is the first time (that) I've heard him sing. 这是我第一次听他唱歌。
9 Li*L&B) w$AR 典型例题
-4s KB>b (1) ---Do you know our town at all?
<+-n
lK4 ---No, this is the first time I ___ here.
^/#G,MxNy A. was B. have been C. came D. am coming
-{ 1P`&G 答案B. This is the first time 后面所加从句应为现在完成时，故选B。
Ul9^"o W dD889\ (2) ---Have you ____ been to our town before?
\20} /& ---No, it's the first time I ___ here.
"n` z`{<n A. even, come B. even, have come C. ever, come D. ever, have come
`G/g/>y 答案D. ever意为曾经或无论何时，反意词为never，此两词常用于完成时。 This is the largest fish I have ever seen. It is / was the first time +that-clause 的句型中，从句要用完成时。
Y`(Ri-U4 注意：非延续性动词的否定形式可以与表示延续时间的状语连用。即动作不发生的状态是可以持续的。
3MFT P5 ~ （错）I have received his letter for a month.
)!\6 " { （对）I haven't received his letter for almost a month.
5;HGS{` v N\[2r%S 独立主格结构的特点：
#jrl Ng4( 1）独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在。
>MN "87U6 2）名词或代词与后面的分词，形容词，副词，不定 式，介词等是主谓关系。
T+&fUhSy 3）独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开。
S-q"'5> 举例：
n}IGxum8` the test finished, we began our holiday.
Se'SDJl= = When the test was finished, we began our holiday.
=<3HOOC 考试结束了，我们开始放假。
xS t
sw5d Cm) TFh6 the president assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow.
GHd1?$ = After the president was assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow.
O5-GrR^yt 总统被谋杀了，举国上下沉浸在悲哀之中。
t-K icLr V~j^ >fI\f <ez Weather permitting, we are going to visit you tomorrow.
M.t,o\xl 如果天气允许，我们明天去看你。
= NZgbl This done, we went home.
G6zFQ\&f 工作完成后，我们才回家。
!>> A@3 M' z.d 7WS$ fUBi the meeting gone over, everyone tired to go home earlier.
hZ* vk 会议结束后，每个人都想早点回家。
EA>.SSs! X/2GTU7? n]$ rLm%^ He came into the room, his ears red with cold.
9)W3\I>U- 他回到了房子里，耳朵冻坏了。
"/e)v{ >dJuk6J&c& He came out of the library, a large book under his arm.
w=;> 他夹着本厚书，走出了图书馆
新开千年私服了!
奇迹私服 
