过去完成时
NPS .6qY a. She said (that) she had never been to Paris.
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pvx.'L b. 状语从句
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"\_, 在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，发生在先，用过去完成时；发生在后，用一般过去时。
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When the police arrived, the thieves had run away.
-<|Y 1PQ c. 表示意向的动词，如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等，用过去完成时表示"原本…，未能…"
l`DtiJ?$$0 We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't.
g`kY]lu AU/#b(mI 3) 过去完成时的时间状语before, by, until , when, after, once, as soon as。
q1STRYb He said that he had learned some English before.
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By the time he was twelve, Edison had began to make a living by himself.
juH wHt Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party.
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^,+nef?= 典型例题
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m&~ the students ___ busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she ___ in the office.
o/WC@!wg K A. had written, left B，were writing, has left C. had written, had left D. were writing, had left
{H+? z<BF< 答案D. "把书忘在办公室"发生在"去取书"这一过去的动作之前，因此"忘了书"这一动作发生在过去的过去，用过去完成时。句中when表示的是时间的一点，表示在"同学们正忙于……"这一背景下，when所引导的动作发生。因此
B=r0?%DX"1 前一句应用过去进行时。
6p#g0t NIaF 5z 注意： had no … when 还没等…… 就……
O" \nR:\ had no sooner… than 刚…… 就……
A?DB#-z.r He had no sooner bought the car than he sold it.
l~rb]6E 用于现在完成时的句型
vGMJ ^q p 'g^Wh JD ]OIh 1）It is the first / second time…. that…结构中的从句部分，用现在完成时。
{c@G$ It is the first time that I have visited the city.
3 " Yif It was the third time that the boy had been late.
ZjS(a d*.2 XMw.wQ '? 2）This is the… that…结构，that 从句要用现在完成时.
wd wp9 r This is the best film that I've (ever) seen.
3b@VY'P 这是我看过的最好的电影。
\Tyf *:_F> This is the first time (that) I've heard him sing. 这是我第一次听他唱歌。
f TO+ZTRqf v,jhE9_O0 典型例题
=m9 i)Q (1) ---Do you know our town at all?
oNIFx5*Z ---No, this is the first time I ___ here.
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A. was B. have been C. came D. am coming
3cixQzb}u 答案B. This is the first time 后面所加从句应为现在完成时，故选B。
~RInN +N# Ak A!:!l (2) ---Have you ____ been to our town before?
.,M;huRg ---No, it's the first time I ___ here.
\ I:.<2i A. even, come B. even, have come C. ever, come D. ever, have come
qjAh6Q/E` 答案D. ever意为曾经或无论何时，反意词为never，此两词常用于完成时。 This is the largest fish I have ever seen. It is / was the first time +that-clause 的句型中，从句要用完成时。
a$$ Wt<&Y 注意：非延续性动词的否定形式可以与表示延续时间的状语连用。即动作不发生的状态是可以持续的。
#wjH4DT （错）I have received his letter for a month.
PS@ *qTin （对）I haven't received his letter for almost a month.
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& 8 独立主格结构的特点：
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f , 1）独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在。
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2）名词或代词与后面的分词，形容词，副词，不定 式，介词等是主谓关系。
~O03Sit- 3）独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开。
r~>,$[|n}) 举例：
!ni>\ lZ the test finished, we began our holiday.
m|F:b}0Hb = When the test was finished, we began our holiday.
P1V1as 考试结束了，我们开始放假。
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pM2a(\K,k^ the president assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow.
C -w5KW = After the president was assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow.
f Iy]/ 总统被谋杀了，举国上下沉浸在悲哀之中。
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F^2<y F o}7hab %| +E48 Weather permitting, we are going to visit you tomorrow.
W)4QOS & 如果天气允许，我们明天去看你。
FS@A8Bb This done, we went home.
X3B{8qx_> 工作完成后，我们才回家。
d8OL!Rk , }J_:\j ?WFh',`: the meeting gone over, everyone tired to go home earlier.
79BaDB`{a 会议结束后，每个人都想早点回家。
-JV~[-, ]'h; {;ug VQxpN 1 He came into the room, his ears red with cold.
Uyx&E?SlEq 他回到了房子里，耳朵冻坏了。
Y*LaBxt Q c/aup He came out of the library, a large book under his arm.
H{(]9{ 他夹着本厚书，走出了图书馆
新开千年私服了!
奇迹私服 
