过去完成时
Q& [!+s:2J a. She said (that) she had never been to Paris.
W{NWF[l8O? b. 状语从句
_`2%)#^ o 在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，发生在先，用过去完成时；发生在后，用一般过去时。
p{E(RsA When the police arrived, the thieves had run away.
9SC1A -nF c. 表示意向的动词，如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等，用过去完成时表示"原本…，未能…"
}s2CN D We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't.
;D'm=uOl 9/"&6, 3) 过去完成时的时间状语before, by, until , when, after, once, as soon as。
8 GkWo8rPk He said that he had learned some English before.
u6C_*i{2 By the time he was twelve, Edison had began to make a living by himself.
TQ\#Z~CbK{ Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party.
/ Xnq0hN L|[i<s; 典型例题
w5Fk#zJv the students ___ busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she ___ in the office.
6jpzyf =~ A. had written, left B，were writing, has left C. had written, had left D. were writing, had left
@<K<"`~H 答案D. "把书忘在办公室"发生在"去取书"这一过去的动作之前，因此"忘了书"这一动作发生在过去的过去，用过去完成时。句中when表示的是时间的一点，表示在"同学们正忙于……"这一背景下，when所引导的动作发生。因此
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ny4n 前一句应用过去进行时。
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q& 8j Cho 注意： had no … when 还没等…… 就……
W2` 3 p had no sooner… than 刚…… 就……
0d[O/Q` He had no sooner bought the car than he sold it.
WX Fm'5V r 用于现在完成时的句型
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:%sG'_d K^x{rn.Zf 1）It is the first / second time…. that…结构中的从句部分，用现在完成时。
c Lyf[z)W It is the first time that I have visited the city.
D <~UaHfk It was the third time that the boy had been late.
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( @o[Z J4>* 2）This is the… that…结构，that 从句要用现在完成时.
C32*RNG?U This is the best film that I've (ever) seen.
x S,F
DPA 这是我看过的最好的电影。
0SD'&
This is the first time (that) I've heard him sing. 这是我第一次听他唱歌。
&SIf |IX. 5[g &0 典型例题
6b*xhu\ (1) ---Do you know our town at all?
RH,x);J| ---No, this is the first time I ___ here.
h_-4Q"fb( A. was B. have been C. came D. am coming
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:CM_ 答案B. This is the first time 后面所加从句应为现在完成时，故选B。
'Rnzu0<lF aF/DFaiYv (2) ---Have you ____ been to our town before?
4SUzR\ ---No, it's the first time I ___ here.
bOU" s>? A. even, come B. even, have come C. ever, come D. ever, have come
(k+*0.T&? 答案D. ever意为曾经或无论何时，反意词为never，此两词常用于完成时。 This is the largest fish I have ever seen. It is / was the first time +that-clause 的句型中，从句要用完成时。
[PXq<ST 注意：非延续性动词的否定形式可以与表示延续时间的状语连用。即动作不发生的状态是可以持续的。
;t>4VA （错）I have received his letter for a month.
&g}P)x r （对）I haven't received his letter for almost a month.
$+2QbEk &- ZweAY.]e 独立主格结构的特点：
d<Lc&wlP 1）独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在。
1mHS -oI9J 2）名词或代词与后面的分词，形容词，副词，不定 式，介词等是主谓关系。
pC,Z =+: 3）独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开。
>aVtYp B 举例：
L!Tvz(_7f6 the test finished, we began our holiday.
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0V= = When the test was finished, we began our holiday.
]}Ys4(} 考试结束了，我们开始放假。
-Sh&x s[eSPSFZ the president assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow.
3S#p4{3 = After the president was assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow.
izcjI.3e, 总统被谋杀了，举国上下沉浸在悲哀之中。
oM>UIDCY_v g T+wn-3 y(
iq Weather permitting, we are going to visit you tomorrow.
r"K! ]Vw 如果天气允许，我们明天去看你。
1D)0\#>< This done, we went home.
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M2tLNb 工作完成后，我们才回家。
>h:'Z*9 bxwwYSS ) RT Wt` the meeting gone over, everyone tired to go home earlier.
AB 3OG*C9 会议结束后，每个人都想早点回家。
%MGt3) 7l/ZRz }1 &N= vs He came into the room, his ears red with cold.
/9gn)q2f( 他回到了房子里，耳朵冻坏了。
qs\Cwn! o_b3G He came out of the library, a large book under his arm.
F_-xp1| 他夹着本厚书，走出了图书馆
新开千年私服了!
奇迹私服 
