过去完成时
=wV<hg)C a. She said (that) she had never been to Paris.
,A e6/D$h/ b. 状语从句
0gP}zM73 在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，发生在先，用过去完成时；发生在后，用一般过去时。
u.m[u)HQ When the police arrived, the thieves had run away.
jZkcBIK2 c. 表示意向的动词，如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等，用过去完成时表示"原本…，未能…"
#rQ2gx4 We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't.
9ZsV y pa E[rS\ 3) 过去完成时的时间状语before, by, until , when, after, once, as soon as。
}?_?V&K| He said that he had learned some English before.
z3m85F%dR By the time he was twelve, Edison had began to make a living by himself.
o&)8o5 Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party.
<7Or{:Sc90 Y0dEH^I 典型例题
Gd xnpE the students ___ busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she ___ in the office.
$$;M^WV^?. A. had written, left B，were writing, has left C. had written, had left D. were writing, had left
bP$dU,@p~ 答案D. "把书忘在办公室"发生在"去取书"这一过去的动作之前，因此"忘了书"这一动作发生在过去的过去，用过去完成时。句中when表示的是时间的一点，表示在"同学们正忙于……"这一背景下，when所引导的动作发生。因此
}t=!(GOb} 前一句应用过去进行时。
oC: {aK6\ L
;NvcUFn 注意： had no … when 还没等…… 就……
;dtA4:IRZ4 had no sooner… than 刚…… 就……
qHplJ " He had no sooner bought the car than he sold it.
GxI!{oi2 用于现在完成时的句型
/ h H [" )o.(
j<99FW"@e 1）It is the first / second time…. that…结构中的从句部分，用现在完成时。
*ebSq) It is the first time that I have visited the city.
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NED5 It was the third time that the boy had been late.
^Y>F|;M# gmO ! 2）This is the… that…结构，that 从句要用现在完成时.
8:c-k|CX This is the best film that I've (ever) seen.
Sw8] EH6 这是我看过的最好的电影。
3G)# 5 Lf< This is the first time (that) I've heard him sing. 这是我第一次听他唱歌。
0w \z LU \K{ 0L 典型例题
n.`($yR_ (1) ---Do you know our town at all?
Ic"ybj` ---No, this is the first time I ___ here.
.9 on@S A. was B. have been C. came D. am coming
hk(ZM#Bh 答案B. This is the first time 后面所加从句应为现在完成时，故选B。
B:;pvW] j9x<Y
] (2) ---Have you ____ been to our town before?
1 MP~dRZ$ ---No, it's the first time I ___ here.
VgG0VM
A. even, come B. even, have come C. ever, come D. ever, have come
uy[At+%zg
答案D. ever意为曾经或无论何时，反意词为never，此两词常用于完成时。 This is the largest fish I have ever seen. It is / was the first time +that-clause 的句型中，从句要用完成时。
/yDz/>ID\ 注意：非延续性动词的否定形式可以与表示延续时间的状语连用。即动作不发生的状态是可以持续的。
+qtJaYf/0 （错）I have received his letter for a month.
F# ,90F' （对）I haven't received his letter for almost a month.
KQaxvU)L ENl)Ts`y 独立主格结构的特点：
uB]7G0g: 1）独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在。
$Uq|w[LA 2）名词或代词与后面的分词，形容词，副词，不定 式，介词等是主谓关系。
G\/zkrxmv 3）独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开。
IXMop7~ 举例：
Xk~D$~4< the test finished, we began our holiday.
6"L cJ%o = When the test was finished, we began our holiday.
&Cq`Y !y 考试结束了，我们开始放假。
7Utn\l 3 Gp$a;g the president assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow.
Ex Y] Sdx = After the president was assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow.
>\-hO&%_ 总统被谋杀了，举国上下沉浸在悲哀之中。
I*: %ni2 Go`vfm"S q TRsZz@ Weather permitting, we are going to visit you tomorrow.
G vt G(u~ 如果天气允许，我们明天去看你。
s [RAHU This done, we went home.
!fV+z%: 工作完成后，我们才回家。
j"t(0 m g+8OekzB5 C mP9Q2 the meeting gone over, everyone tired to go home earlier.
%^) fmu 会议结束后，每个人都想早点回家。
lZd(emH@ yJ[0WY8<kC a(m2n.0'> He came into the room, his ears red with cold.
v^sv<4*% 他回到了房子里，耳朵冻坏了。
aj-Km`5r} f$o_e90mu He came out of the library, a large book under his arm.
3<e=g)F 他夹着本厚书，走出了图书馆
新开千年私服了!
奇迹私服 
