过去完成时
z
(,%<oX a. She said (that) she had never been to Paris.
G9.+N~GZ. b. 状语从句
XAV|xlfm 在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，发生在先，用过去完成时；发生在后，用一般过去时。
jj,Y: When the police arrived, the thieves had run away.
lZ5 lm
sCU c. 表示意向的动词，如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等，用过去完成时表示"原本…，未能…"
xA DjQ%B We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't.
,[ rh7 _ `b^eRnpR 3) 过去完成时的时间状语before, by, until , when, after, once, as soon as。
`Trpv$ He said that he had learned some English before.
D S,"^K By the time he was twelve, Edison had began to make a living by himself.
jrGVC2*rD Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party.
<!#6c :(Q &<Bx1 \ ~V 典型例题
9 |Cu 2 the students ___ busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she ___ in the office.
ULq#2l A. had written, left B，were writing, has left C. had written, had left D. were writing, had left
20G..>zW 答案D. "把书忘在办公室"发生在"去取书"这一过去的动作之前，因此"忘了书"这一动作发生在过去的过去，用过去完成时。句中when表示的是时间的一点，表示在"同学们正忙于……"这一背景下，when所引导的动作发生。因此
v Dgf} 前一句应用过去进行时。
?:(BkY,K5 w:l/B
'%]Y 注意： had no … when 还没等…… 就……
9*gD;) ! had no sooner… than 刚…… 就……
"wi=aV9j He had no sooner bought the car than he sold it.
J>(I"K% 用于现在完成时的句型
q| p6UL9 Z `FqC X kZ82w#b 1）It is the first / second time…. that…结构中的从句部分，用现在完成时。
9/[3xhB4 It is the first time that I have visited the city.
tgn_\ - + It was the third time that the boy had been late.
bKsl'3~ k P+!j[X^ 2）This is the… that…结构，that 从句要用现在完成时.
DN
)Ehd. This is the best film that I've (ever) seen.
zG|}| //} 这是我看过的最好的电影。
h$)},% e This is the first time (that) I've heard him sing. 这是我第一次听他唱歌。
>'3J. FY 9V*h:[6a( 典型例题
z}v6!u|iZu (1) ---Do you know our town at all?
y>T:fu ---No, this is the first time I ___ here.
r'7>J:cy= A. was B. have been C. came D. am coming
$
BV4 i$ 答案B. This is the first time 后面所加从句应为现在完成时，故选B。
z-*/jFE n:cre}0. (2) ---Have you ____ been to our town before?
.b*%c?e ---No, it's the first time I ___ here.
N:Yjz^Jt A. even, come B. even, have come C. ever, come D. ever, have come
4:A
dn?" 答案D. ever意为曾经或无论何时，反意词为never，此两词常用于完成时。 This is the largest fish I have ever seen. It is / was the first time +that-clause 的句型中，从句要用完成时。
t(FI Bf3 注意：非延续性动词的否定形式可以与表示延续时间的状语连用。即动作不发生的状态是可以持续的。
&UtsI@Mu （错）I have received his letter for a month.
I%]
L （对）I haven't received his letter for almost a month.
.^BL7 DDh$n?2fd 独立主格结构的特点：
L=W8Q8
hf 1）独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在。
Q C?*O?~# 2）名词或代词与后面的分词，形容词，副词，不定 式，介词等是主谓关系。
\Ub=Wm\ 3）独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开。
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举例：
p3Uus''V4 the test finished, we began our holiday.
cTf/B=yMi = When the test was finished, we began our holiday.
h^ #K4/ 考试结束了，我们开始放假。
ni$7)YcF w@U`@})r. the president assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow.
Q$_S/d%* = After the president was assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow.
VHhW_ya1g{ 总统被谋杀了，举国上下沉浸在悲哀之中。
/I@nPH
<y 3(|8gWQ 9
z_9yT Weather permitting, we are going to visit you tomorrow.
|`d5Y#26 如果天气允许，我们明天去看你。
Y'6GY*d L This done, we went home.
ptXCM[Z+ 工作完成后，我们才回家。
I6}ine ps dY>oj<9 bbevy!m the meeting gone over, everyone tired to go home earlier.
Zr`pOUk!4 会议结束后，每个人都想早点回家。
`8$gaA* Aa^%_5 z)$ X/v He came into the room, his ears red with cold.
u* /. 他回到了房子里，耳朵冻坏了。
Ms8& $ 8t3,}}TJ He came out of the library, a large book under his arm.
G[7Z5 )2B 他夹着本厚书，走出了图书馆
新开千年私服了!
奇迹私服 
