加入VIP 上传考博资料 您的流量 增加流量 考博报班 每日签到
   
主题 : 高分语法讲解1
级别: 中级博友
显示用户信息 
楼主  发表于: 2007-09-22   

高分语法讲解1

高分语法讲解 F5Va+z,jg  
*8Z32c+C  
第一章 名词 {8OCXus3m  
]{iQ21`a-  
正确区分可数名词与不可数名词、正确选择可数名词单复数、名词之前的限定词与名词数(单复数)之间的关系以及名词在句子中承担的成分是TOEFL中常考的内容 ZW}_DT0  
#F#%`Rv1  
第一节 可数名词 v1[29t<I!  
OY d !v`<  
考点一 单复数 '%D7C=;^  
可数名词与不可数名词的典型区别在于前者有单数和复数两种形式。  J *yg&  
TOEFL考试中经常在不可数名词后面加了s,变为复数形式,其实这是再考你辨别可数名词和不可数名词的能力。TOEFL中还经常考可数名词是采用单数还是复数, 这往往要通过句意或者其他的一些指示词来辨别。 2?5>o!C  
例如:various colors(various是各种各样的,后面当然要用复数形式)  "#]$r  
+H.`MZ=  
下面我们会讲一下复数形式。 >bxS3FCX  
复数形式简而言之就是在单数词尾加-s,但实际上细分起来还有一些具体的规则: Ngwb Q7)  
1.结尾是s, o, x, ch, sh 的词, 加-es, 如:buses, tomatoes, faxes, matches, brushes H.c7Nle  
2.结尾是“辅音字母+y”的词, 去掉y加-ies, 如: factory-factories :svq E+2  
3.结尾是f, fe的词, 去掉f, fe加-ves, 如: half-halves, knife-knives w@ pPcZ>z/  
4.结尾是o, f 的词也有一些加-s, 如: photos, beliefs, chiefs g  :OI  
Si7*& dw=  
例题: (ZGbh MK  
:+Z%; Dc  
(1) Flower have long been cultivated and bred for their beauty and their fragrance. S 5U;#H  
   A         B           C       D GeqP Rah  
答案:A 5bIw?%dk(  
应改为:Flowers -} +[  
解释:表泛指时,可数名词可用不定冠词加单数或直接用复数,因谓语是复数,故改为复数 ~@!bsLSMU  
j+!v}*I![  
@7u0v  
(2) Doctor are discovering that there is a strong psychological component to chronic LLI.8kn7  
   A               B   C          D ,_P-$lB  
pain. >eaaaq9B-  
答案:A s*4dxnS_8  
应改为:Doctors +_`7G^U?%  
解释:表泛指时,可数名词用冠词加单数或直接用复数,因谓语动词是复数,故名词也用复数 k!^{eOM  
考点二 复数形式特例 ~rm_vo  
NRuNKl.v  
这部分主要考察学生对特殊复数形式的记忆,作为考题并不过多的出现,但是在题干中的出现率却非常高,因此熟悉下列一些词的复数形式有助于理解题意 0"R|..l/  
1.单复数词形相同 ta0|^KAA  
如: people, fish, Chinese(某国人), aircraft, means, series, species,sheep, deer, aircraft等 <%^&2UMg  
NHt\ U9l'  
2.外来词保留了原来的复数形式, 这一点需要重点掌握, 如: @CoIaUVP  
basis-bases                   analysis-analyses             crisis-crises 2!\D PX  
medium(媒体)-media       datum(数据)-data             curriculum(课程)-curricula 0]L"H<W  
larva(幼虫)-larvae             criterion(标准)-criteria       phenomenon(现象)-phenomena +t.b` U`-  
cNrg#Asen&  
3.通常只以复数形式出现的词语, 如: \wZe] G%S  
clothes       trousers       compasses(圆规)       scales(天平)       savings(储蓄), 4| f*eO  
statistics(统计数据),             headquarters(总部), `V1]k_h  
4.复数形式有特殊意义的词语, 如:  }ZI 7J  
goods(货物), manners(礼貌), troops(军队), authorities(当局) V#HuIgf-  
#tHK"20  
5 不规则的名词复数 W_=f'yb:E  
child - children             mouse - mice                   louse - lice 0Gk<l{o?^  
tooth - teeth             foot       - feet m 5. Zu.  
4*L_)z&4;  
6.注意:有一些结尾是-s的词, 但是要当作单数看待, 如: physics, politics, mathematics是表示学科的不可数名词 F [M,]?   
H}!r|nG  
例题: R-:2HRaA  
c$,P ~W s'  
(1) With the incorporation of jazz history into current academic curricula, leading ]]mJ']l  
       A            B           C dM5-;  
jazz musicians are now founding on the faculties of several universities. a#4?cEy  
            D _#niyW+?~  
eRYK3W  
(2) 9Na$W:P c  
Like some other running birds, the sanderling lacks a back toe and has a three-toed osRy e3  
  A      B           C           eavV?\uV%  
feet.  g(052]  
 D  \zkg  
答案:D ]'}L 1r  
应改为:foot QY/w  
解释:feet是foot的复数形式, 不定冠词a 之后应接可数名词的单数, 故将feet 改为单数 r" y.KD^  
词汇:sanderling: 三趾滨鹬 CY1Z'  
s#11FfF`  
第二节 限定词 Z~CjA%l  
名词究竟要用单数还是复数, 与名词之前的限定词有很大关系, 限定词通常分如下几类: JI}'dU>*U:  
1.之后肯定接单数: NOva'qk  
a /an, every, one, another, each, either, this, that, such a, many a, etc. N['  .BN  
例句: Each of them has two books. WJ#[LF!e  
You can read either book. (两本书你可以随便读一本) py4 h(04u  
DU S6SO  
2.之后肯定接复数: a9gLg &  
these, those, many, such, other, ^sw?gH*  
大于one的数词(ten, hundred, thousand, million…), aOp\ 91  
a few /few /fewer /fewest, a (great /good / large /small) number of, several pP_LR ks}  
one of, all (of), some /any (of), most (of), a lot of, lots of, the rest of, plenty of C]6O!Pb0  
5+vaE 2v  
3.之后既可接单数又可接复数: the, no, his, her, their, my, etc q m}@!z^  
注意:这几类词大多不能同时使用 ^ c|/*u  
:X=hQ:>P  
Ac@VGT:9  
;u JMG  
考点一 否定限定词no Tk }]Gev  
HN"Z]/ 5j  
(1) no既可用于可数名词复数前又可用于单数前, 表示否定意义. 例如: ;l+Leex  
No flowers in the garden. 花园里没有花. }#fbbtd  
No one is here. aN?zmkPpov  
a(nlTMfu  
(2) no与否定副词not的区别是改错题的常见考点。 二者的区别在于:  ?9/G[[(  
no直接修饰名词, 不能与其他限定词同时出现; dV_G1'  
not一般出现在be动词或助动词之后, a, an, any等限定词之前, 它是否定式的组成要素, 而不是名词的限定词 la!~\wpa  
T)/eeZ$  
例题: o/E >f_k[  
(1) kP:!/g  
The mechanism by which brain cells store memories is ---- clearly understood. zX[ U~.  
(A) none 0mE 0 j  
(B) no y(#e}z:  
(C) not B\~ }3!j  
(D) nor X ?O[r3<  
V[LglPt  
答案: C 7!1S)dup  
解释: 此句主谓完整, 据选项可知空白处需填入合适的词使原句变为否定, 只有否定副词not可以和is配合构成否定句, A、B、D 之后都需要名词词组, 不符题意 5m@V#2^P  
oH@78D0A  
(2) kiEa<-]  
Not woman held a presidential cabinet position in the United States until 1933, when Jy)/%p~  
A                B           C rI\FI0zIp_  
Frances Perkins became secretary of labor. K(4_a``05  
        D L(-4w+  
9hl_|r~%*  
答案: A .-zom~N-?  
应改为: No Rq-ZL{LR7  
解释: Not是否定副词应置于be动词或助动词之后, 且它与单数名词间需加冠词, 而no是形容词, 可以直接修饰后面的名词 E .h*g8bXe  
! nx{ X  
考点二 their等物主代词 ".%k6W<n  
"+c-pO`Wg  
1.物主代词是常见的名词限定词, 其后既可接可数名词的单复数(his pen, his pens)又可接不可数名词(his time), 但不可与其他的限定词同时出现(部分数词除外),例如:不能说no my car, my no car,但是可以说 My two red cars 3]hWfj1m2  
gXU8hTd8  
2.英语中许多习惯用法在表示特指时都用物主代词而不用the, 为的是更突出所属关系,这在TOEFL中是一个常考的点 T{ "(\X$  
例如:Manufacutrers of consumer goods often change the styles of their products. ;uW FHc5@B  
这里用their 而不用 the (7Qo  
BtZyn7a  
例题: 0RfZEG)  
(1) YSMAd-Ef-  
A good exercise program helps teach people to avoid the habits that might shorten l;U?Z'n  
              A      B        C =4!mAo}  
the lives. ooGM$U  
 D %O<BfIZ  
bt *k.=p  
答案: D Bvj0^fSm  
应改为: their rqq1TRg  
解释: 定冠词the指代不清, 用物主代词their作名词lives的限定语更符合英语习惯, 还可突出lives 与people之间的所属关系 t^HRgY'NjM  
Gb yJ:  
(2) U*:!W=XN  
A liquid is similar to a gas because has molecules are not fixed to each other in any 9mgIUjz  
      A        B              C $>gFf}#C  
specific way. i4Jc.8^9$  
    D 6zkaOA46V  
dx]>(e@(t{  
答案: B R]dg_Da  
应改为: its  g}i61(  
解释: has是动词, 不能修饰名词, 且与从句的谓语冲突, 依句意改为物主代词its作molecules的限定语 $( )>g>%  
.hiSw  
考点三 只接复数名词的限定词 0c &+|> !  
]9L oZ)  
a (large /small /great /considerable /remarkable) number of, a variety of, a set of, a few, 等表示数的固定词组之后总是接复数名词 Si,6o!0k  
j|n R "!  
例题: U.TA^S]`g  
(1) >7r!~+B"9'  
In mathematical terms, modern algebra is set of objects with rules for connecting or l,: F  
        A        B        C JRFtsio*  
relating those objects. /=h` L ,  
 D H"KCK6  
&zs$x? /  
答案: B 23?rEhKe  
应改为: is a set 1}37Q&2  
解释: a set of是固定词组, 表示一套、一组, 后面接可数名词的复数, 与题中objects吻合 7.T?#;'3  
yN c2@  
(2) | 3%8&@ho  
At birth, an infant exhibits a remarkable number of motor response. />Nt[o[r  
A       B     C           D .o8t+X'G  
q =Il|Nb>  
答案: D .l|$dE/E  
应改为: responses *dF>_F  
解释: 短语a number of 后面要求接可数名词的复数, number前可加某些形容词如great, considerable, remarkable, small 等表示a lot of 或 a few e%6QTg5#  
H1T.(M/"  
注意 “the number of” 和 “a number of”的区别 CJ%I51F`X  
The number of boys in Class Five is 25. (五班男孩的数目是25, 后面谓语动词用单数) x:7IIvP  
A small number of families are able to afford an apartment. (少数家庭能够买得起一套住房, ) 8] ikygt"  
'!$%> ||S  
第三节 冠词作限定词 66 Tpi![  
rH>)oThA#  
冠词是一个虚词,本身不能够独立使用, 必须和一个名词连用。TOEFL出题主要集中在a和an的区别,那些地方要加the那些地方不加。 V$~9]*Wn  
[:V$y1  
考点一 不定冠词a / an 8X0z~ &  
*' X3z@R  
不定冠词a和an后面当然接单数,a和an 的主要区别是: `"~%bS  
a 用于以辅音开头的名词前(指发音而不是拼写), 如: a tower, a university .m AjfP*  
an用于以元音开头的名词前(指发音而不是拼写), 如: an orange, an hour Z6pUZ[j,  
1 .X@;  
不定冠词a / an与可数名词单数连用, 表示泛指 “一个”、 “某一个”, 有时还可代表一类人或事物. 在作表语或同位语的可数名词单数前一般都要加不定冠词(除非名词前已有物主代词作限定语, 如my pen). d7i]FV  
;$tSb ~K+  
例题: MWL% Bz  
(1)       qv*^fiT  
How Native Americans developed corn is a puzzling, for no wild corn has ever N!|wo:  
   A                 B           C )Z VD+X  
  been discovered, and it grows only where people plant and tend it. \G3rX9xG  
                 D 3&/Ixm:  
答案: B有错 #=v~8  
应改为: puzzle. 7!$^r$t   
解释: 不定冠词a应与可数名词单数连用, puzzling是分词, 不能单独与a 连用, 故改为名    词puzzle d:{O\   
(2) lPJ\-/>$z  
Whether a healthy adult tends to feel hungry two, three, or four times a daily is a V/;B3t~f  
   A        B       C          D o+9j?|M  
question of physiology and of culture. W,-g=6,  
答案: D有错 Y5d\d\e/  
应改为: day p[lA\@l[  
解释: 不定冠词a应与可数名词单数连用, 而daily是形容词, 不能单独与a连用, 故改为 名词day TBrPf-Xr  
(3) 2wgg7[tGi  
Pewter, a metal with an ancient heritage, is still practical medium for the 1>&]R=  
  A      B       C (Clkv  
nonprofessional metal worker. eNu7~3k}  
    D .-X8J t  
答案: C ;]jNk'oa  
应改为: still a practical !#" zTj  
解释: medium是可数名词, 在句中作表语, 其单数之前应该用不定冠词 *r % c  
a, an的误用是TOEFL常见的改错题型 @Pzu^  
例题: CWP2{  
(1) c\V7i#u[d;  
A emotion is not necessarily aroused by something in the outside world. FjI`uP  
   A     B    C           D .q3/_*  
答案: A ^Js9 s8?$  
应改为: An emotion +XYE{E5  
解释: emotion是元音开头的名词, 前面的冠词应用an M+9gL3W  
(2) ApXy=?fc  
If a atom loses any of its electrons, it becomes positively charged and can combine QW~1%`  
   A    B                       C mcX/G O}  
chemically with other atoms. v2;`f+  
         D we?76t:-  
答案: A +V^;.P</  
应改为: an atom 1\rz%E  
解释: atom是元音开头的名词, 前面的冠词应用an r!a3\ep  
qH6>!=00  
考点二 定冠词the Z@@K[$  
定冠词限定名词时主要表示特指,针对TOEFL应注意以下几点: Eue~Y+K*b  
(1) the和可数名词单数连用,表示一类人或物,如: RT J3qhY  
the fern(蕨类), the wallflower Jl9k``r*  
(2) 序数词之前必须用the,如: A1?2*W  
the first woman, the nineteenth century -701j'q{  
但前面有物主代词时除外,如 my first baby xZF}D/S?Ov  
(3) 形容词最高级之前必须用the(有物主代词时除外),如: *lw_=MXSK  
the largest city, the most advanced technology n%s ]30Xs  
(4) of连接的名词前多用the, 如: U,-39mr  
the development of the watch, nl,uuc *;  
(5) 世界上独一无二的东西前应加the, 如: 2nIw7>.}f  
the globe(地球),the equator(赤道), the moon, the sun /U)D5ot<  
在下列情况下,一般不用the: *zL}&RUKM  
(1) 表示人名、地名、国家名等专有名词前, 一般不加,如: !|S43i&p  
Dennis Chavez(人名),Alaska(地名),English(英语), February(二月), America(美国) k<{{*  
但是在表示海洋、海峡、江、河、山脉、群岛等专有名词时要加上the M |`U"vO  
the Great Lakes(美国五大湖), the Changjiang River(长江) JU5C}%Q6  
(2) 无特指的不可数名词前,如: A_5P/ARmI  
algebra(代数学),       advertising,       accounting(会计学) Fv<F}h?6  
(3) 表示类别的复数名词前,如: |! E)GahM  
Historians believe that…,       Amphibians(两栖动物) hatch from… 4 bH^":i(  
(4) 一些固定词组中,如: y)!5R3b  
in history, in nature, at work, at home , go to school, go to bed, in bed  Qq;Foa  
乘车的词组: |NC*7/}  
by train(乘火车),       by car (乘汽车),       by bicycle(骑脚踏车),       by bus (乘公共汽车), jesGV<`?l  
by land(由陆路),       by sea (由海路),       by water (由水路) , by air (通过航空) $$5aUI:$~$  
on foot (步行),       by plane(乘飞机), by ship (乘船), H>B&|BO_[  
打球的词组: wlk4*4dKn  
play tennis, play baseball, play basketball >X4u]>X  
注意:表示职位的词之前的冠词有无均可, 如:He was elected (the) chairman of the committee. 9-DZU,`P  
例题: :~T99^$zA  
(D)       =mpV YA  
Historically, ---- chief material for making furniture has been wood, but metal and stone have also been used. W=vP]x >J  
(A) it was the QPg8;O  
(B) that the ` a/%W4  
(C) there was a ]d0tE?9  
(D) the a\E:sPM'>  
答案:D _EMwm&!  
解释:空格后是主谓句,A、C可先排除,B使原句只有从句没有主句,只剩下D可选,D是定冠词作名词material的限定词,表特指 .=;3d~.]  
(2) /1Q(b  
The Yukon River, which flows into the Bering Sea, gives its name to a region of #( jw!d&  
           A            B /.MN  
Alaska and a territory of the Canada. U4-g^S[  
     C      D f[a}aZ9)  
答案:D ,Pjew%  
应改为:of <55 g3>X  
解释:Canada是国名,属专用名词,之前不能加定冠词 Vz~nT  
(3) -[!P! d=  
The development of professional sports in the United States dates back to -~ Mb  
  A      B              C    ]<pjXVRt"  
nineteenth century. S=nzw-(I  
  D  Q&g^c2  
答案:D >wBJy4:  
应改为:to the nineteenth ac.Ms(D  
解释:nineteenth是序数词,之前应加the ,Bo>E:u  
第四节 不可数名词 5nO% Ke=  
\": m!K;Z  
英文中常把抽象名词和物质名词视为不可数名词, 而其划分的标准往往与汉语的习惯不同, 因此是学习英文的一个难点, 也是TOEFL中常出现的题型 <U >>ZSi  
: b~6i%b  
抽象名词如: h!ZV8yMc  
(不可触及的东西,表示动作、状态、品质、感情等)如: K7W6ZH9;  
news(新闻),        information(信息),    population(人口), [E JQ>?D  
English(英语),    music(音乐),            management(管理), [P7N{l=I  
enthusiasm(热情)    work(工作),            happiness(高兴) S9`flo  
还有表达学科类的名词如: $8[r9L!  
   physics物理,        politics政治学,        mathematics数学, S.q] .a  
mechanics力学,    statistics(统计学)        bioloby(生物学) F>[,zN  
meks RcF  
物质名词如: sHl>$Qevz  
equipment(装备),    chalk(粉笔),            glass(玻璃), '07P&g-  
grass(草),        jewelry(珠宝)            wood(木头) C[Dav&=^F  
J6G(_(d  
Gz[fG  
考点一 与可数名词的显著区别 Bw64  
1. 不可数名词没有复数形式, 其数的表示必须通过 “数词+量词+of+不可数名词” 的结构或一些特定的限定词, $g+[yb7@  
如:a sheet of steel(一片钢),             a piece of furniture(一件家具), eT8}  
    two pieces of work(两份工作)       an item of news(一条新闻) Gkv{~?95  
2. 不可数名词不能直接出现在不定冠词a, an之后 $N=N(^  
不能够说:an advice(一个建议) ,而应该说 a piece of advice B7<Kc  
3. 当表示一类事物时, 可数名词可以通过加a, an、加复数、或加定冠词the等方式, &F5@6nJ`  
而可数名词一般直接用原形表示种类 g HbxgeL  
例题: Y.U[wL>  
(1) 1`9xIm*9w  
Historians believe that some forms of an advertising must be as old as barter and pzgSg[|  
       A      B    C          D 'fNKlPMv4D  
trade. Kmv+1T0,  
答案:C -yg?V2  
应改为:advertising CZt \JW+"  
解释:advertising是不可数名词,不能加冠词 N**g]T 0`  
词汇:barter: 实物交易 xvSuPP4 m  
}sFm9j7yR  
考点二 限定词 m&iH2 |  
不可数名词的限定词和不可数名词原形连用, 下面这些限定词后面一定跟不可数名词: h"[+)q%L  
much, a large amount of, a great deal of, a wealth of(大量的、丰富的) -tI'3oT1  
little /a little /less /least,   a piece /sheet /slice /bar of, 属不可数名词专用 W|,V50K  
例题: D^;*U[F?  
(1) F5qFYL;  
Because they are generally taken simply to obtain a recognizable and relatively clear }Lw>I94e  
        A              B         C >xn}N6Rj2~  
image, most nonprofessional photographs demand few equipment. n%\ /J  
                     D Ky O8A2'U  
答案:D =FT98H2*|  
应改为:little. VCcr3Dx()F  
解释:equipment是不可数名词, 不能用few修饰, 应改为和其对应的little R1W}dRE}  
(2) ]}6w#)]"  
Data received from two spacecraft indicate that there is many evidence that huge C}*cx$ .  
      A                    B }/,CbKi,+  
thunderstorms are now occurring around the equator of the planet Saturn. ,xT?mt}P  
           C         D A[YpcG'9  
答案:B Y}DonF  
应改为:much evidence ] k8 /#@19  
解释:many是复数名词的限定词,而evidence是不可数名词,应用much作限定词 Kw`VrcwjT  
另外一些词(词组)如such, some /any (of), most (of), a lot of, lots of, the rest of, plenty of等既可接可数名词又可接不可数名词。 R, 8s_jN  
例如: /)rkiwp  
a lot of students , a lot of money f0LP?]  
the rest of the students, the rest of money 6R29$D|HFO  
Pansies can be cultivated easily in home gardens, but they require plenty of water and not too much sun. !"TZ:"VZU  
KZBrE$@%5  
第五节 所有格及of结构 ._96*r=o  
}p9F#gr  
考点一 词尾加 's或 ' 的所有格 Pu>N_^  C  
所谓名词所有格即表示名词之间所有关系的特殊结构, 其最普通的形式为: n. +'s, l48k<  
如: my mother's coat, the headmaster's home, the president's office e|r0zw S  
如果原词结尾已有s, 则只要加 ' , O;]?gj 1@  
如: the students' union, the ladies' room I6LD)?  
例题: lKEa)KF[  
(1) 8)\M:s~7&  
It is widely believed that the pull of gravity on a falling raindrop changes ----round shape into a teardrop shape. 2PSTGG8JV  
(A) of the drop vVs#^"-nW  
(B) the drop's $YG1z  
(C) drop of Ld|V^9h1;  
(D) drops their ^Dx#7bsDZR  
答案: (B) xkA2g [  
解释: 此句包含由that引导的宾语从句, 从句谓语动词changes的宾语不完整, 据选项推知需要一个和round shape 搭配的表所属关系的词组, (B) 恰好构成所有格形式. 若选(A), 语序应为the round shape of the drop; (C) 所属关系颠倒; (D) 结构混乱 WO,xMfK  
(2) . %0ne:5  
Over a very lar "L2m-e6  
ge number of trials, the probability of an event's ---- is equal to the probability that it will not occur. czBi Dk4  
(A) occurs `HX3|w6W;  
(B) will occur  c!uW}U_z  
(C) can occur (=T$_-Dj`}  
(D) occurring p`+VrcCBOd  
答案:D mPVE?jnR^0  
解释:句中已有谓语动词, 's只可能是名词所有格的标志, 后面自然应接名词性的结构, D之外的选项均可一次性排除 O=jN&<rb  
|j_` z@7(  
考点二 of结构 En9R>A;`  
所有格主要用于有生命的个体(人、国家或动物), 那么大多数无生命的物质或抽象概念间的所有关系,或者说凡是不能够加's的名词,都可用of结构构成短语来表示所有关系, 需要注意of前后都是名词(包括代词和动名词) :LV.G0)#  
如: the title of the passage :J(sXKr[C  
例如: nJVp.*S  
(1) _JOP[KHb  
James Whistler was indifferent to the titles of his painted and even changed the names {:Vf0Mhb  
          A     B     C Gidkt;lj  
of some works years after their completion. XS0V:<+,  
       D O2H/rFx4  
答案: C wR7aQg  
应改为: paintings o1YU_k<#  
解释: of 之前是名词, 后面也需要一个名词共同构成表示所有关系的结构, 将分词painted改为名词, 这个词组的意思为他的画的题目 &jJckT  
(2) 6f}e+80  
Muscular motion is caused by the stimulate of specific nerve cells in the brain and NdQ%:OKC  
      A         B     C         D dokuyiN\  
spinal cord. zeTszT)  
答案: B YMAQ+A!  
应改为: stimulation *j<@yG2\gP  
解释: 定冠词the之后需要名词与of+n.(specific nerve cells)结构搭配表示所属关系, stimulate是动词, 应改为名词形式 YkbO&~.  
b|E/LKa  
第六节 名词在句中的作用 YY!!<2_  
h3h8lt_ |  
考点一 名词(词组)作主语 j<$R4A 1  
填空题中经常出现句子中缺少主语的题型, 大多数都需要填入名词或名词短语 %UmbDGDWI  
例题: tQ0=p| T]  
(1) ? -{IsF^  
In 1964 ----of Henry Ossawa Tanner's paintings was shown at the Smithsonian Institution. fNEz  
(A) was a major collection qP`?M\!O  
(B) that a major collection /'+4vXc@  
(C) a collection was major &enlAV'#)O  
(D) a major collection R1 qMg+  
答案: (D) 2))t*9 ;h  
解释: 此句主语残缺, 且谓语动词was shown 需与单数主语搭配, 故填入单数名词词组. (A) (C)中的was均与原文中was冲突, 违背了谓语唯一的原则, (B) 使原句变为只有从句无主句 P6E1^$e  
(2) h*l4Y!7  
The begins of the modern chemistry laboratory go back to the workrooms of XbXgU#%  
    A         B        C     D &U0WkW   
medieval alchemists. 6)+9G_  
答案:A 4I1K vN<A  
应改为:beginnings. cqHw^{'8  
解释:句子的主语应采用名词形式, begins 是动词的第三人称单数形式, 不能置于the之后作主语 5 {fwlA  
DoTs9w|5  
考点二 名词(词组)作宾语 aZC*7AK   
填空题中有相当一部分缺少动词宾语的题需填入名词或名词短语 zCM^r <Kr  
例题: k2wBy'M .'  
(1) =*[, *A  
In 1961 the entertainer Chubby Checker introduced a ----to New York's rock'n 'roll fans. e Ri!\Fx  
(A) new dance, the twist ]t7ClT)n!  
(B) twist, was the new dance U! _sh<  
(C) twist, the new dance that Q{`@ G"'  
(D) new dance is the twist 4Z],+?.[  
答案: (A) $TFTIk*uU  
解释: 谓语动词introduce的宾语不完整, 由空格前的a可肯定应填入名词词组, (B) (D) 都用谓语结构可首先排除, (C) 中的that无法与空格后的部分构成从句, 只有(A) 符合名词作宾语的要求, 其中逗号后是名词作同位语 _i.({s&_9  
(2) AtuZF  
Instructors at the school of American Ballet first examine a young applicant's instep frk7^5  
     A                B        U=M#41J  
to see whether it is pliant and shows promising of a good arch. `2sdZ/fO  
 C               D ^]KIgGv\  
答案: D M44_us  
应改为: promise. 5 7'q;I  
解释: 形容词promising不能作动词show的宾语, 需改为名词 Ml8E50t>;  
;;D% l^m+  
考点三 名词(词组)作同位语 fHW-Je7mG  
同位语主要由名词词组充当, 对其前面的名词或代词作补充说明, GsR-#tV@  
I came from Jiangying, a very beautiful and peaceful town. gjO *h3`  
例题: g2!0vB>  
(1) #^"hqNwA  
In the nineteenth century, Samuel Gridley Howe founded the Perkins School for the Blind, ----for children in Boston, Massachusetts. iM4mkCdOO  
(A) that institutes YAX #O\,  
(B) while instituted X9p+a,  
(C) was an institution Yjpb+}  
(D) an institute S6= \r{V  
答案: (D) Vj#%B.#Zbf  
解释: 空白前的句子结构完整, 空格后的结构和宾语的很相似, (D)为名词词组, 构成宾语的同位语 _a?wf!4>P  
(2) W,0KBkkp  
Martha Graham, ----, has run her own dance company for half a century. Iwnj'R7:  
(A) is the great modern choreographer -Pv P  
(B) one of the great modern choreographers C!CaGf=  
(C) that the great modern choreographers O8!!UA8V  
(D) the modern choreographers were great JDIz28Ww  
答案:B Ir'DA_..  
解释:此句主谓俱全, 空格设在主语和谓语之间, 且两端都有逗号, 推知缺少的是主语的同位语, B是名词词组, 可以胜任;A D中的动词与原句谓语冲突; C 不是完整的同位语从句
评价一下你浏览此帖子的感受

精彩

感动

搞笑

开心

愤怒

无聊

灌水

  
级别: 初级博友
显示用户信息 
沙发  发表于: 2007-10-04   
谢谢
描述
快速回复

验证问题:
免费考博论坛网址是什么? 正确答案:freekaobo.com
按"Ctrl+Enter"直接提交