加入VIP 上传考博资料 您的流量 增加流量 考博报班 每日签到
   
主题 : 高分语法讲解1
级别: 中级博友
显示用户信息 
楼主  发表于: 2007-09-22   

高分语法讲解1

高分语法讲解 q#A(gyy  
RgdysyB  
第一章 名词 ?^mi3VM  
<:FP4e "(  
正确区分可数名词与不可数名词、正确选择可数名词单复数、名词之前的限定词与名词数(单复数)之间的关系以及名词在句子中承担的成分是TOEFL中常考的内容 j:T/iH!YF  
WO4=Mte?  
第一节 可数名词 .MW @;  
`(+o=HsD  
考点一 单复数 ,B(7\  
可数名词与不可数名词的典型区别在于前者有单数和复数两种形式。 =p^He!  
TOEFL考试中经常在不可数名词后面加了s,变为复数形式,其实这是再考你辨别可数名词和不可数名词的能力。TOEFL中还经常考可数名词是采用单数还是复数, 这往往要通过句意或者其他的一些指示词来辨别。 YIt & >  
例如:various colors(various是各种各样的,后面当然要用复数形式) OdWou|Gz  
E CdvX0*a  
下面我们会讲一下复数形式。 Q-Ux<#  
复数形式简而言之就是在单数词尾加-s,但实际上细分起来还有一些具体的规则: \$aF&r<R  
1.结尾是s, o, x, ch, sh 的词, 加-es, 如:buses, tomatoes, faxes, matches, brushes `-`qdda  
2.结尾是“辅音字母+y”的词, 去掉y加-ies, 如: factory-factories [%50/_h  
3.结尾是f, fe的词, 去掉f, fe加-ves, 如: half-halves, knife-knives J89Dul l  
4.结尾是o, f 的词也有一些加-s, 如: photos, beliefs, chiefs ^=n+T7"J  
i&njqK!wS  
例题: L@75- T  
ri`R<l8  
(1) Flower have long been cultivated and bred for their beauty and their fragrance. HkV1sT  
   A         B           C       D 72sD0)?A  
答案:A ZKQ hbNT  
应改为:Flowers < v]3g  
解释:表泛指时,可数名词可用不定冠词加单数或直接用复数,因谓语是复数,故改为复数 -y GDh+-  
Tmh(= TB'  
a9n^WOJ6  
(2) Doctor are discovering that there is a strong psychological component to chronic JOjoiA  
   A               B   C          D A^ _a3$,0  
pain. ve ~05mg  
答案:A nd;fy$<J\  
应改为:Doctors f:g,_|JD$  
解释:表泛指时,可数名词用冠词加单数或直接用复数,因谓语动词是复数,故名词也用复数 < B_Vc:Q  
考点二 复数形式特例 &U+ _ -Ph  
<<D$+@wxm  
这部分主要考察学生对特殊复数形式的记忆,作为考题并不过多的出现,但是在题干中的出现率却非常高,因此熟悉下列一些词的复数形式有助于理解题意 L=2y57&Y  
1.单复数词形相同 o7B[R) 4  
如: people, fish, Chinese(某国人), aircraft, means, series, species,sheep, deer, aircraft等 |AlR^N  
Tirux ;  
2.外来词保留了原来的复数形式, 这一点需要重点掌握, 如: nR4y`oP+  
basis-bases                   analysis-analyses             crisis-crises *lef=:&,,  
medium(媒体)-media       datum(数据)-data             curriculum(课程)-curricula i"|$(2  
larva(幼虫)-larvae             criterion(标准)-criteria       phenomenon(现象)-phenomena  )>D+x5o]  
/(O$(35  
3.通常只以复数形式出现的词语, 如: e]=!"nJ+  
clothes       trousers       compasses(圆规)       scales(天平)       savings(储蓄), 2+Px'U\  
statistics(统计数据),             headquarters(总部), :'a AZegQY  
4.复数形式有特殊意义的词语, 如: SXao|{?O  
goods(货物), manners(礼貌), troops(军队), authorities(当局) }F+zs*S  
 7PR#(ftz  
5 不规则的名词复数 b3wM;jv  
child - children             mouse - mice                   louse - lice AmwWH7,g  
tooth - teeth             foot       - feet A:<;M@q !  
I\qYkWg7  
6.注意:有一些结尾是-s的词, 但是要当作单数看待, 如: physics, politics, mathematics是表示学科的不可数名词 pT?Q#,fh  
`OymAyEYQ  
例题: 2oJb)CB  
CF|]e:  
(1) With the incorporation of jazz history into current academic curricula, leading L6>pGx  
       A            B           C PA6=wfc  
jazz musicians are now founding on the faculties of several universities. vzF5xp.  
            D kY]W Qu  
1b8p~-LsU  
(2) yfU<UQ!1  
Like some other running birds, the sanderling lacks a back toe and has a three-toed T]Nu)  
  A      B           C           &D%(~|'  
feet. (;. AS  
 D GRy-+#,b"  
答案:D ylKmj]A  
应改为:foot 4'KOp&#l K  
解释:feet是foot的复数形式, 不定冠词a 之后应接可数名词的单数, 故将feet 改为单数 k`".  
词汇:sanderling: 三趾滨鹬 B12$I:x `  
H"2uxhdLK3  
第二节 限定词 #S%Q*k<hw  
名词究竟要用单数还是复数, 与名词之前的限定词有很大关系, 限定词通常分如下几类: `RMI(zI3g.  
1.之后肯定接单数: */ G<!W  
a /an, every, one, another, each, either, this, that, such a, many a, etc. 9;F bnp'  
例句: Each of them has two books. 'gQidf  
You can read either book. (两本书你可以随便读一本) 7=@jARW &  
.^) UO  
2.之后肯定接复数: J==SZ v  
these, those, many, such, other, BF{w)=@/'  
大于one的数词(ten, hundred, thousand, million…), "i:T+#i({O  
a few /few /fewer /fewest, a (great /good / large /small) number of, several M>jtFP <S  
one of, all (of), some /any (of), most (of), a lot of, lots of, the rest of, plenty of hzI *{  
(2?G:+C 7  
3.之后既可接单数又可接复数: the, no, his, her, their, my, etc X5YiFLH>y\  
注意:这几类词大多不能同时使用 >]'yK!a?  
p}Fs'l?7Rq  
OT %nrzP  
eUS   
考点一 否定限定词no 5>9Y|UU  
t+CWeCp,  
(1) no既可用于可数名词复数前又可用于单数前, 表示否定意义. 例如: zr76_~B1u  
No flowers in the garden. 花园里没有花. DaNW~rd{  
No one is here. G;gJNK"e  
A5#y?Aq  
(2) no与否定副词not的区别是改错题的常见考点。 二者的区别在于: M8w5Ob  
no直接修饰名词, 不能与其他限定词同时出现; 4([.xT  
not一般出现在be动词或助动词之后, a, an, any等限定词之前, 它是否定式的组成要素, 而不是名词的限定词 +.[\g|G  
xChI ,~i  
例题: *X%m@KLIKv  
(1) [%HIbw J  
The mechanism by which brain cells store memories is ---- clearly understood. X7UBopm&  
(A) none $#o1MX  
(B) no ;D ~L|  
(C) not n)8Yj/5  
(D) nor m$>iS@R  
wh 0<Uv  
答案: C D)='8jV7  
解释: 此句主谓完整, 据选项可知空白处需填入合适的词使原句变为否定, 只有否定副词not可以和is配合构成否定句, A、B、D 之后都需要名词词组, 不符题意 kL@Wb/K JP  
KB{RU'?f|  
(2) x_@i(oQ:_  
Not woman held a presidential cabinet position in the United States until 1933, when ?4PQQd  
A                B           C +2cs#i  
Frances Perkins became secretary of labor. A3P9.mur  
        D #?} 6t~  
V7CoZnz  
答案: A A,i()R'I  
应改为: No 5#:pT  
解释: Not是否定副词应置于be动词或助动词之后, 且它与单数名词间需加冠词, 而no是形容词, 可以直接修饰后面的名词 O]u",J5  
p(3sgY1  
考点二 their等物主代词 :x>T}C<Y  
L0Vgo <A  
1.物主代词是常见的名词限定词, 其后既可接可数名词的单复数(his pen, his pens)又可接不可数名词(his time), 但不可与其他的限定词同时出现(部分数词除外),例如:不能说no my car, my no car,但是可以说 My two red cars _45cH{$sA  
,^T]UHRO  
2.英语中许多习惯用法在表示特指时都用物主代词而不用the, 为的是更突出所属关系,这在TOEFL中是一个常考的点 }#9(Mul  
例如:Manufacutrers of consumer goods often change the styles of their products. "|LQK0q3  
这里用their 而不用 the }*;EFR6'  
1 0N,?a  
例题:  b;vNq  
(1) ~Yk"Hos  
A good exercise program helps teach people to avoid the habits that might shorten $+VgDe5{S  
              A      B        C G\rj?%  
the lives.  v4<j   
 D mUwUs~PjA  
c>MY$-PD  
答案: D PZ]5Hf1"  
应改为: their o<\6Rm  
解释: 定冠词the指代不清, 用物主代词their作名词lives的限定语更符合英语习惯, 还可突出lives 与people之间的所属关系 ze Ob Aw1O  
H1UL.g%d=  
(2) gduxA/aT  
A liquid is similar to a gas because has molecules are not fixed to each other in any uB+9dQ  
      A        B              C 6 o lV+  
specific way. 75Fp[Q-  
    D '  o=E!?  
+{vQS FW  
答案: B q!*MH/R  
应改为: its -- S"w@  
解释: has是动词, 不能修饰名词, 且与从句的谓语冲突, 依句意改为物主代词its作molecules的限定语 GMb!Q0I8  
= o+7xom  
考点三 只接复数名词的限定词 ;GQm[W([  
_W+Q3Jx-(  
a (large /small /great /considerable /remarkable) number of, a variety of, a set of, a few, 等表示数的固定词组之后总是接复数名词 {d}26 $<$]  
BD4"pcr  
例题: TAAR'Jz S  
(1) 0# UAjT3  
In mathematical terms, modern algebra is set of objects with rules for connecting or =#'+"+lQ }  
        A        B        C >0M:&NMda  
relating those objects. !G>(j   
 D g5<ZS3tQ  
VS%@)sI|Z  
答案: B /MqP[*L  
应改为: is a set u= l0f6W  
解释: a set of是固定词组, 表示一套、一组, 后面接可数名词的复数, 与题中objects吻合 SNxz*`@4  
ZU^Q1}</5  
(2) e18T(g_i  
At birth, an infant exhibits a remarkable number of motor response. kFnUJM$r  
A       B     C           D - YAO3  
(A|B@a!Y>  
答案: D jiOf')d5  
应改为: responses /o'oF  
解释: 短语a number of 后面要求接可数名词的复数, number前可加某些形容词如great, considerable, remarkable, small 等表示a lot of 或 a few >pa\n9=Q^  
=X<)5IS3  
注意 “the number of” 和 “a number of”的区别  QZ:v  
The number of boys in Class Five is 25. (五班男孩的数目是25, 后面谓语动词用单数) >Ziy1Dp  
A small number of families are able to afford an apartment. (少数家庭能够买得起一套住房, ) J;7s/YH^  
ul}4p{ m[  
第三节 冠词作限定词 K"G(?<>~4c  
Kl!DKeF  
冠词是一个虚词,本身不能够独立使用, 必须和一个名词连用。TOEFL出题主要集中在a和an的区别,那些地方要加the那些地方不加。 &~42T}GTWG  
+0SW ?#%  
考点一 不定冠词a / an TR+Q4Y:  
PlF89-  
不定冠词a和an后面当然接单数,a和an 的主要区别是: `s#sE.= o  
a 用于以辅音开头的名词前(指发音而不是拼写), 如: a tower, a university Am]2@ESUP  
an用于以元音开头的名词前(指发音而不是拼写), 如: an orange, an hour m]Hb+Y=;h  
 aViJ   
不定冠词a / an与可数名词单数连用, 表示泛指 “一个”、 “某一个”, 有时还可代表一类人或事物. 在作表语或同位语的可数名词单数前一般都要加不定冠词(除非名词前已有物主代词作限定语, 如my pen). WFQ*s4 R(  
:Xh_$4~^Y  
例题: PjiNu.>2(  
(1)       d%S=$}o  
How Native Americans developed corn is a puzzling, for no wild corn has ever j\%?<2dj=  
   A                 B           C 6@*5! ,  
  been discovered, and it grows only where people plant and tend it. hwEZj`9  
                 D m+;B!4 6  
答案: B有错 A%.J%[MVz  
应改为: puzzle. ^ =aml   
解释: 不定冠词a应与可数名词单数连用, puzzling是分词, 不能单独与a 连用, 故改为名    词puzzle $,xtif0  
(2) byEvc[/>Ys  
Whether a healthy adult tends to feel hungry two, three, or four times a daily is a }wa}hIqx  
   A        B       C          D } IIK~d,  
question of physiology and of culture. 6M O|s1zk  
答案: D有错 @&!=m]D*  
应改为: day 94Kuy@0:+  
解释: 不定冠词a应与可数名词单数连用, 而daily是形容词, 不能单独与a连用, 故改为 名词day 6R$ F =MB  
(3) chvrHvByS  
Pewter, a metal with an ancient heritage, is still practical medium for the +1E?He:iQ  
  A      B       C h(+m<J  
nonprofessional metal worker. =;'ope(?S  
    D se^NQ=  
答案: C ,(;p(#F>  
应改为: still a practical sw3:HNG=  
解释: medium是可数名词, 在句中作表语, 其单数之前应该用不定冠词 /8P4%[\  
a, an的误用是TOEFL常见的改错题型 ! 0>!tW  
例题: ;PP_3`  
(1) JxMyeo%gv  
A emotion is not necessarily aroused by something in the outside world. xdFP$Y~ogy  
   A     B    C           D K4h-4Qbn  
答案: A mK7^:(<.LO  
应改为: An emotion 0x3 h8 fs  
解释: emotion是元音开头的名词, 前面的冠词应用an +[X.-,yW  
(2) 36x5q 1  
If a atom loses any of its electrons, it becomes positively charged and can combine yP<:i CY  
   A    B                       C .NNcc4+  
chemically with other atoms. #um1?V  
         D ^cPo{xf  
答案: A + aXk^+~j  
应改为: an atom @]y{M;  
解释: atom是元音开头的名词, 前面的冠词应用an NXWIE4T>*^  
L8?Z!0D/h  
考点二 定冠词the Qn'r+X5t  
定冠词限定名词时主要表示特指,针对TOEFL应注意以下几点: w7`@=kVx  
(1) the和可数名词单数连用,表示一类人或物,如: "$,}|T?Y`  
the fern(蕨类), the wallflower *+,Lc1|\  
(2) 序数词之前必须用the,如: 56O<CgJF<  
the first woman, the nineteenth century 6%tiB?  
但前面有物主代词时除外,如 my first baby n/-p;#R  
(3) 形容词最高级之前必须用the(有物主代词时除外),如: v @I^:I  
the largest city, the most advanced technology WO \lny!  
(4) of连接的名词前多用the, 如: D\_*,Fc  
the development of the watch, Ph! KL\  
(5) 世界上独一无二的东西前应加the, 如: 0t:|l@zB  
the globe(地球),the equator(赤道), the moon, the sun &:cTo(C'  
在下列情况下,一般不用the: /O(;~1B  
(1) 表示人名、地名、国家名等专有名词前, 一般不加,如: QF.wtMGF&  
Dennis Chavez(人名),Alaska(地名),English(英语), February(二月), America(美国) Q'Jpsmwu  
但是在表示海洋、海峡、江、河、山脉、群岛等专有名词时要加上the |"tV["a  
the Great Lakes(美国五大湖), the Changjiang River(长江) Bc9|rlV,  
(2) 无特指的不可数名词前,如: +G=C~X  
algebra(代数学),       advertising,       accounting(会计学) -)->Jx:{  
(3) 表示类别的复数名词前,如: <x%my4M  
Historians believe that…,       Amphibians(两栖动物) hatch from… ;ZqD60%\  
(4) 一些固定词组中,如: <4A(Z$ZX)  
in history, in nature, at work, at home , go to school, go to bed, in bed eQ)ioY  
乘车的词组: XGrxzO|{  
by train(乘火车),       by car (乘汽车),       by bicycle(骑脚踏车),       by bus (乘公共汽车), cdU >iB,  
by land(由陆路),       by sea (由海路),       by water (由水路) , by air (通过航空) C6T 9  
on foot (步行),       by plane(乘飞机), by ship (乘船), cX=b q_  
打球的词组: a~N)q YL:  
play tennis, play baseball, play basketball DrCfC[A~]  
注意:表示职位的词之前的冠词有无均可, 如:He was elected (the) chairman of the committee. "F.J>QBd  
例题: @SVEhk#  
(D)       qpEC!~ y  
Historically, ---- chief material for making furniture has been wood, but metal and stone have also been used. Xk fUPbU  
(A) it was the BxN#Nk~  
(B) that the ?Kz` O>"6  
(C) there was a FVLA^$5 c  
(D) the bA9dbe  
答案:D P*^UU\x'4I  
解释:空格后是主谓句,A、C可先排除,B使原句只有从句没有主句,只剩下D可选,D是定冠词作名词material的限定词,表特指 %$-3fj7  
(2) f*H}eu3/j  
The Yukon River, which flows into the Bering Sea, gives its name to a region of [(^''*7r+T  
           A            B GISI8W^  
Alaska and a territory of the Canada. /SM#hwFxJ&  
     C      D WRyv >Y  
答案:D cngPc]?N  
应改为:of Uc;IPS  
解释:Canada是国名,属专用名词,之前不能加定冠词 Tf]VcEF  
(3) sBG(CpQ  
The development of professional sports in the United States dates back to oM7-1O  
  A      B              C    ;."{0gq  
nineteenth century. '$nGtB5  
  D T//+&Sk[  
答案:D 9Yne=R/]  
应改为:to the nineteenth C2%3+  
解释:nineteenth是序数词,之前应加the e/I{N0SR  
第四节 不可数名词 6*oTT(0<p  
L.&Vi"M <@  
英文中常把抽象名词和物质名词视为不可数名词, 而其划分的标准往往与汉语的习惯不同, 因此是学习英文的一个难点, 也是TOEFL中常出现的题型 ^O9m11  
WED7]2>  
抽象名词如: \FX3=WW  
(不可触及的东西,表示动作、状态、品质、感情等)如: X7!A(q+h  
news(新闻),        information(信息),    population(人口), ^Q:`2C5  
English(英语),    music(音乐),            management(管理), ( I~X wP&  
enthusiasm(热情)    work(工作),            happiness(高兴) a'.=.eDQ  
还有表达学科类的名词如: u"3cSuqy  
   physics物理,        politics政治学,        mathematics数学, 4h@ of'  
mechanics力学,    statistics(统计学)        bioloby(生物学) #.K&]OV/88  
M#IR=|P]  
物质名词如: 0a;zT O/"v  
equipment(装备),    chalk(粉笔),            glass(玻璃), ZACn_gd[5  
grass(草),        jewelry(珠宝)            wood(木头) #_5+kBA+>'  
'Pn`V {a  
[IW7]Fv<F  
考点一 与可数名词的显著区别 QpZhxp  
1. 不可数名词没有复数形式, 其数的表示必须通过 “数词+量词+of+不可数名词” 的结构或一些特定的限定词, [r~l O@  
如:a sheet of steel(一片钢),             a piece of furniture(一件家具), T{Q&}`D)r  
    two pieces of work(两份工作)       an item of news(一条新闻) @J)vuG S  
2. 不可数名词不能直接出现在不定冠词a, an之后 vdM\scO:  
不能够说:an advice(一个建议) ,而应该说 a piece of advice 7~f l4*  
3. 当表示一类事物时, 可数名词可以通过加a, an、加复数、或加定冠词the等方式, OuH]Y70(  
而可数名词一般直接用原形表示种类 u-<s@^YG  
例题: 3Pq)RD|hn  
(1) 9tgkAU`  
Historians believe that some forms of an advertising must be as old as barter and S]{Z_|h*j  
       A      B    C          D EORAx  
trade. C <)&qx3  
答案:C yLX\pkAt4  
应改为:advertising {,X( fJ  
解释:advertising是不可数名词,不能加冠词 gA*zFhGVS7  
词汇:barter: 实物交易 h)8_sC  
oE&[W >,x  
考点二 限定词 mUw,q;{  
不可数名词的限定词和不可数名词原形连用, 下面这些限定词后面一定跟不可数名词: z@j&vW  
much, a large amount of, a great deal of, a wealth of(大量的、丰富的) N"{o3QmA  
little /a little /less /least,   a piece /sheet /slice /bar of, 属不可数名词专用 `XP Tf#9j  
例题: gsH_pG-jU  
(1) K} @:>;* 9  
Because they are generally taken simply to obtain a recognizable and relatively clear l+,rc*-j0  
        A              B         C S7*:eo  
image, most nonprofessional photographs demand few equipment. [d}1Cq=_  
                     D 9|,AhyhO  
答案:D ,`b9c=6;  
应改为:little. hGLBFe#3  
解释:equipment是不可数名词, 不能用few修饰, 应改为和其对应的little !k) ?H* ^@  
(2) FE .:h'^h  
Data received from two spacecraft indicate that there is many evidence that huge }^t?v*kcA  
      A                    B P? n`n! qZ  
thunderstorms are now occurring around the equator of the planet Saturn. (H7q[UG|  
           C         D YDJc@*D  
答案:B tee%E=P  
应改为:much evidence z\, w$Ef+  
解释:many是复数名词的限定词,而evidence是不可数名词,应用much作限定词 :1Ay_ b_J  
另外一些词(词组)如such, some /any (of), most (of), a lot of, lots of, the rest of, plenty of等既可接可数名词又可接不可数名词。 V Puzu|  
例如: D KOdqTW  
a lot of students , a lot of money "cZ.86gG`:  
the rest of the students, the rest of money Bs*s8}6  
Pansies can be cultivated easily in home gardens, but they require plenty of water and not too much sun. LdL< 5Q[  
6aL`^^  
第五节 所有格及of结构 xYbF76 B  
JkTL+obu  
考点一 词尾加 's或 ' 的所有格 d{  Z  
所谓名词所有格即表示名词之间所有关系的特殊结构, 其最普通的形式为: n. +'s, | =&r) ~  
如: my mother's coat, the headmaster's home, the president's office 6xwC1V?:0t  
如果原词结尾已有s, 则只要加 ' , 'sC{d&c  
如: the students' union, the ladies' room y3vOb, 4  
例题: B; ~T|exu  
(1) iIg_S13  
It is widely believed that the pull of gravity on a falling raindrop changes ----round shape into a teardrop shape. 7J\I%r  
(A) of the drop x9a0J1Nb-h  
(B) the drop's *ood3M[M^  
(C) drop of l ^{]pD  
(D) drops their |b|p0Z%7{  
答案: (B) eb7`R81G  
解释: 此句包含由that引导的宾语从句, 从句谓语动词changes的宾语不完整, 据选项推知需要一个和round shape 搭配的表所属关系的词组, (B) 恰好构成所有格形式. 若选(A), 语序应为the round shape of the drop; (C) 所属关系颠倒; (D) 结构混乱 R6ywc "xE  
(2) D+RG,8Ht  
Over a very lar }a8N!g  
ge number of trials, the probability of an event's ---- is equal to the probability that it will not occur. r]TeR$NJ  
(A) occurs I;=}@]9  
(B) will occur :iq1-Pw  
(C) can occur Q16RDQ*  
(D) occurring V XC_Y  
答案:D ?k/Uw'J4u/  
解释:句中已有谓语动词, 's只可能是名词所有格的标志, 后面自然应接名词性的结构, D之外的选项均可一次性排除 $L(,q!DvH  
}V 09tK/M  
考点二 of结构 'M&`l%dIPf  
所有格主要用于有生命的个体(人、国家或动物), 那么大多数无生命的物质或抽象概念间的所有关系,或者说凡是不能够加's的名词,都可用of结构构成短语来表示所有关系, 需要注意of前后都是名词(包括代词和动名词) yVSJn>l!  
如: the title of the passage +3VY0J  
例如: %h^; "|Z  
(1) azN<]u@.  
James Whistler was indifferent to the titles of his painted and even changed the names +YXyfTa  
          A     B     C y/E%W/3  
of some works years after their completion. I/t2c=f  
       D L\!Pa+Iod  
答案: C r-=#C1eY&  
应改为: paintings [Qr#JJ  
解释: of 之前是名词, 后面也需要一个名词共同构成表示所有关系的结构, 将分词painted改为名词, 这个词组的意思为他的画的题目 FK>8(M/  
(2) !M\8k$#"n  
Muscular motion is caused by the stimulate of specific nerve cells in the brain and j&u{a[Y/}  
      A         B     C         D G8 H=xr#  
spinal cord. 4; y*y tY*  
答案: B uK1DC i  
应改为: stimulation :(E.sT "R  
解释: 定冠词the之后需要名词与of+n.(specific nerve cells)结构搭配表示所属关系, stimulate是动词, 应改为名词形式 "cj6i{x,~w  
,x&T8o/a  
第六节 名词在句中的作用 [s"xOP9R  
i1}Y;mj  
考点一 名词(词组)作主语 ?31#:Mg6g+  
填空题中经常出现句子中缺少主语的题型, 大多数都需要填入名词或名词短语 <BEM`2B  
例题: 90X <Qs  
(1) 7M7sq-n5z  
In 1964 ----of Henry Ossawa Tanner's paintings was shown at the Smithsonian Institution. 16Cd0[h?  
(A) was a major collection \AQ*T`Dq  
(B) that a major collection 5LMAy"  
(C) a collection was major hR(\%p  
(D) a major collection E9<oA.  
答案: (D) {Dupk0'(  
解释: 此句主语残缺, 且谓语动词was shown 需与单数主语搭配, 故填入单数名词词组. (A) (C)中的was均与原文中was冲突, 违背了谓语唯一的原则, (B) 使原句变为只有从句无主句 eaB6e@]@  
(2) _X;xW#go  
The begins of the modern chemistry laboratory go back to the workrooms of WCRGqSr4  
    A         B        C     D ~+ [T{{  
medieval alchemists. b v5BV  
答案:A |q!O~<H@  
应改为:beginnings. l  d  
解释:句子的主语应采用名词形式, begins 是动词的第三人称单数形式, 不能置于the之后作主语 ;iq H:wO  
\3q Z0  
考点二 名词(词组)作宾语 (}*1,N!#  
填空题中有相当一部分缺少动词宾语的题需填入名词或名词短语 AO[/-Uij  
例题: "d"6.ND  
(1) ?vh1 >1D  
In 1961 the entertainer Chubby Checker introduced a ----to New York's rock'n 'roll fans. _O#R,Y2#  
(A) new dance, the twist wjy<{I  
(B) twist, was the new dance b= +3/-d  
(C) twist, the new dance that  9q[ d?1  
(D) new dance is the twist yi.GD~69  
答案: (A) LiyR,e  
解释: 谓语动词introduce的宾语不完整, 由空格前的a可肯定应填入名词词组, (B) (D) 都用谓语结构可首先排除, (C) 中的that无法与空格后的部分构成从句, 只有(A) 符合名词作宾语的要求, 其中逗号后是名词作同位语 R/EpfYOX  
(2) T0|hp7 WM  
Instructors at the school of American Ballet first examine a young applicant's instep 4LXC;gZ  
     A                B        yByxy-~  
to see whether it is pliant and shows promising of a good arch. {&TP&_|H  
 C               D C[R|@9NI  
答案: D T3bYj|rh=  
应改为: promise. N1fPutl$a  
解释: 形容词promising不能作动词show的宾语, 需改为名词 Sc14F Fs  
6DVHJ+WTV  
考点三 名词(词组)作同位语 +OaBA>J h9  
同位语主要由名词词组充当, 对其前面的名词或代词作补充说明, lk4U/:  
I came from Jiangying, a very beautiful and peaceful town. [hJ ASX9  
例题: +!/pzoWpE  
(1) e'X"uH Xt.  
In the nineteenth century, Samuel Gridley Howe founded the Perkins School for the Blind, ----for children in Boston, Massachusetts. 7Vo[zo  
(A) that institutes :Qu.CvYF  
(B) while instituted AzMX~cd  
(C) was an institution th|'t}bWV  
(D) an institute yRWZ/,9x   
答案: (D) QE6L_\l  
解释: 空白前的句子结构完整, 空格后的结构和宾语的很相似, (D)为名词词组, 构成宾语的同位语 awgS5We|  
(2) _b! TmS#F1  
Martha Graham, ----, has run her own dance company for half a century. :!w;Y;L:+  
(A) is the great modern choreographer H<Zs2DP`  
(B) one of the great modern choreographers eB_ M *+^  
(C) that the great modern choreographers TOsHb+Uv  
(D) the modern choreographers were great yK>s]65&  
答案:B u vyvy  
解释:此句主谓俱全, 空格设在主语和谓语之间, 且两端都有逗号, 推知缺少的是主语的同位语, B是名词词组, 可以胜任;A D中的动词与原句谓语冲突; C 不是完整的同位语从句
评价一下你浏览此帖子的感受

精彩

感动

搞笑

开心

愤怒

无聊

灌水

  
级别: 初级博友
显示用户信息 
沙发  发表于: 2007-10-04   
谢谢
描述
快速回复

验证问题:
4+6=? 正确答案:10
按"Ctrl+Enter"直接提交