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楼主  发表于: 2007-09-22   

语法3(未完 )

第三节 最高级 By"^ Z`EP4  
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考点一 最高级的形式 4Rrw8Bw  
一、英文中表示最的概念时,形容词要变为最高级,其形式主要有两种: *FLT z(T  
在词尾加-est (单音节形容词), 如:low-lowest, late-latest, lucky-luckiest, fit-fittest; r0Y?X\l*  
或在词之前加most (多音节形容词), 如:most important, most sensitive U47k5s(J  
少数词最高级形式特殊,如:good(well)-best, bad(ill)-worst, many(much)-most, little-least, etc. ; K)?:  
TOEFL经常会出现这样的搭配: most highest, 这是不对的,hightest已经是最高级,前面当然不能在加most. 3*2&Fw!B  
例题: 0o"<^] _|  
(1) *]>OCGsr  
The most easiest process for mining gold is panning, which involves using a circular @|\s$L  
    A                          B `aX}.{.!  
dish with a small pocket at the bottom. PU@U@  
 C          D @=<TA0;LL  
答案:A j9L+.UVI,  
应改为:easiest. g6a3MJV`  
解释:easiest本身已是最高级, most纯属画蛇添足, 应去掉 rfZj8R&  
二、没有等级的形容词 BorfEv} SN  
有些形容词本身就具有“比….年长”、“ 比…..优越”等含义,因此也就没有比较级和最高级。比如: inferior, superior, senior, anterior。这些形容词往往和to连用,而不和than连用。 +DV6oh  
有些形容词本身就具备“最、极”的含义,所以就没有最高级和比较级。如: Nh7!Ah  
absolute(绝对的), unique(独一无二的), infinite(无限的), round(圆的), right(对的), correct(正确的), wrong(错误的), perfect(完美的),这类形容词往往被称为绝对形容词 |z<wPJ,;2  
例题: d8BK/b  
Geoffrey Chaucer occupies a ---- place in English literature. `w+9j-  
(A) most unique n`I jG  
(B) unique tgF(=a]o  
(C) least unique C5lD Hw[CX  
(D)very unique fPk9(X;G!p  
答案: B koWb@V]  
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考点二 最高级前的限定词 RVKaqJ0e<  
(1) 形容级做定语时, 最高级前通常要加定冠词the ,如: K/.hJ  
the most important thing, the biggest elephant U+}9X^  
但当最高级前有物主代词时,不需加the, 如: ,"MUfZ  
my latest hobby, her most interesting experience Xi`U`7?D(=  
(2) 形容词作表语时,最高级前通常不加限定词 {^19.F  
如:She looks happiest whenever you are around. +sbacMfq  
    Excuse me, but I'm busiest at the moment. >dC(~j{  
例题: R\Ynn^w  
(1) ;eEtdoy  
  Of all the Native Americans in the United States, the Navajos form largest group. U+A(.+d.  
  A  B         C              D 7u3b aM  
答案: D ;<)-*?m9  
应改为: form the largest ;@-5lCvC(+  
解释: largest是最高级, 作group的定语, 之前必须加定冠词the !J?=nSu  
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考点三 范围词 Pc ?G^ Xol  
伴随最高级出现的往往有表示范围的词或短语,常用of 或among或 in 引导, 表示“在….之中”。 如:of all, in the world, in the country等, 在填空题的题干中包含表示范围的词时,空格处需填最高级 2uR4~XjF  
例题: 6o23#JgN  
(1) 5OqsnL_V  
The Appalachian Trail, extending approximately 2, 020 miles from Maine to )PN H| h  
            A            B        nk,Mo5iqV  
Georgia, is the longer continuous marked footpath in the world. nPX'E`ut-V  
         C    D cZF;f{t  
答案:C CbaAnm1  
应改为:longest. |B WK"G  
解释:本句有范围词in the world, 则定冠词the 之后应采用形容词最高级形式 x=|@AFI  
考点四 most的其他用法 {ZI6!zh'  
对于most来讲,除了构成某些词最高级外,most的用法有几点需要注意,经常成为改错题的考点: U~@B%Msb L  
1.       当most表示大多数时,之前不加the, 并且有两种形式来表示大多数,分别为: (=B7_jrl  
most + 名词,如:most people, most Indian tribes; 8$tpPOhzb  
most + of + 限定词 + 名词或代词,如:most of his paintings,most of us, most of the modern artists Vk=<,<BB  
2. most有时意思等同于very, 此时most之前用不定冠词,如: t7%Bv+Uo  
a most lovely girl, a most impressive proposal X \ZUt >  
例题: dOgM9P  
(1) TbM*?\7  
  The most substances expand in volume when they are heated. c`=h K*  
   A        B   C     D aVL%-Il}  
答案:A XE %6c3s  
应改为:Most j?ubh{Izm  
解释:most只有在表示形容词最高级作定语时需加定冠词,此句表示“大多数”,没必要加the. 9e*poG  
(2) ZlXs7 &_  
The most often flour is made from wheat, but it may also be made from the seeds S(s~4(o>8  
   A       B              C 8j +;Xlh  
 of other cereal plants. {]N?DmF  
  D K`2DhJC  
答案:A \zDV|n~{w  
应改为:most. pMrf i}esx  
解释:the most 一般出现在最高级中, 此句most often为固定说法,意为经常 AMfu|%ZL  
词汇:cereal: 谷类的 9Dkgu ^`  
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the end. e.h:9` "*  
第三章 副词 +T;qv x6  
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副词和形容词有着千丝万缕的联系,相当比例的副词都是形容词加后缀-ly构成的,但副词在句中的作用却与形容词有较大区别,需细心领会:副词最主要的功能是作状语,用于修饰动词、形容词、副词、介词短语、甚至整个句子,这些都是形容词不可替代的作用,但切记在TOEFL题中不可修饰名词 1 .k}gl0<  
副词可大致分为时间副词(如:now, then, recently), 地点副词(如:here, upstairs, everywhere), 方式副词(如:carefully, rapidly, happily), 程度副词(如:much, quite, extremely), 疑问副词(如:how, when, where), 承接副词(如:besides, however, therefore)等等 M" \y2   
副词比较级和最高级的用法基本和形容词相同,形容词比较级的特殊句式同样适用于副词,稍有不同的是副词最高级前的the可用可不用,不用时居多。副词比较级和最高级作为考点的不多,但在题干中多次出现,可留心体会与形容词的区别和联系 +g30frg+Gl  
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第一节 副词修饰动词 0nn# U  
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修饰动词是副词的最主要作用之一,此处动词的含义包括谓语动词、不定式中的动词,被动式或进行时中的分词形式的动词 m8`A~  
例如:You can't possibly arrive there on time. (谓语动词) w| # 79,&  
It's inconvenient to contact him directly. (不定式中的动词) ?os0JQVB  
Her composition is frequently referred to as original. (被动式) 3g?T,| 2K  
改错题中常误用形容词修饰动词,要注意识别 )E|Bb=%  
例题: :eO0{JN4T  
(1) G_RK3 E[FK  
In the United States, sleds for recreation were first produced commercial in the yK;I<8+>_  
             A        B    C b*7i&q'H  
 1870's or thereabouts. U[u6 UG  
      D -ybupUJcbv  
答案:C =#Jb9=zdR  
应改为:commercially z@}~2K  
解释:形容词commercial不能修饰谓语动词produce, 需改为副词 R/7l2*  
(2) kM@,^`&  
According to anthropologists, the earliest ancestors of humans that stood upright resembled chimpanzees ----, with sloping foreheads and protruding brows. <Do89  
(A) facially ,$>Z= ~x*  
(B) their faces 9EW 7,m{A  
(C) having facial |,crQ'N'  
(D) they had faces rL/+`H  
答案:A *{bqHMd4L  
解释:resemble一词是本句的谓语动词, 已有了宾语chimpanzees, 之后需要的只可能是用来补充说明的非谓语, B、D可先排除; facial是形容词, 不能作have的宾语, 因此C肯定不对; A是副词, 恰好修饰动词作状语 :yeTzIz]  
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第二节 程度副词much等 ]0O$2j_7  
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程度副词much, still, far, a little, a bit 的特殊之处在于:可用来修饰比较级,表示加强或减弱程度。 如: I'm much clearer about the situation now. V^D#i(5  
She's not a bit more rational than you were.  qn .  
注意:much不能加形容词原形代替比较级 nK[$ID  
比如想说更有耐心:不能够说much patient, 而应该说more patient; )/Vr 5b@  
同时more也不能替代much修饰比较级, R_&>iu'[  
比如要说低得多:不能说more lower , 而应该说much lower; t+VPX2  
例句:She is far better than me at English. ( 在英语方面她比我好的多) 4KKNw9L)  
例题: \GN5Sy]r  
(1) 8MdKH7  
Watercolors dry more faster than other paints. @QEV l  
   A    B   C    D POf \l  
答案:C /\.kH62  
应改为:much faster b]~M$y60q  
解释:比较级more不能修饰比较级faster, 应改为程度副词much YY9q'x,w  
(2) [g{}0 [ew  
Reptiles are widely distributed all over the world, but are much abundant in warm x+&&[>-P  
        A                 B N=kACEo  
  regions and are virtually absent beyond the treeline in the Arctic. z)0Fk  
          C     D &xVWN>bd^  
答案:B W$&Q.Z  
应改为:more. TCYnErqk  
解释:much作为形容词不能修饰另一个形容词, 而作副词时只能修饰形容词比较级, 如much better, much more expensive, 依句意是要将爬行动物在温带地区和寒带地区的分布加以对比, 因此改为比较级more abundant S'WmPv  
(3) {>:2 Ff]O:  
Aluminum is the most abundant metal in the crust of the Earth, but the nonmetals 5segzaI  
         A          B      C HZm44y$/  
oxygen and silicon are more still abundant. % ug`dZ/  
            D OygYP  
考点:程度副词 uGv+c.~[j  
答案:D dZm{?\^_  
应改为:still more ,UP6.C14  
解释:程度副词still修饰比较级more时,应置于其前, DN!EsQ6  
词汇:crust: 地壳 silicon: 硅 @cx!m   
(4) 5rc<ibGh  
A goose's neck is a tiny longer than that of a duck and not so gracefully curved as a r"n)I$  
        A      B          C      D \+,jM6l}-  
swan's. l6O2B/2j  
考点:程度副词 R_^:<F0  
答案:A B!5gD   
应改为:little jj^CW"IB  
解释:形容词tiny不能修饰比较级longer, 应改用程度副词a little r1[0#5kJ;J  
词汇:gracefully: 优雅地, swan: 天鹅
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