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楼主  发表于: 2007-09-22   

语法3(未完 )

第三节 最高级 MSF Nw  
@]yQJuXA&Z  
考点一 最高级的形式 "9.6\Y\*  
一、英文中表示最的概念时,形容词要变为最高级,其形式主要有两种: /. f!  
在词尾加-est (单音节形容词), 如:low-lowest, late-latest, lucky-luckiest, fit-fittest; DvU~%%(0^  
或在词之前加most (多音节形容词), 如:most important, most sensitive s>V*=#L  
少数词最高级形式特殊,如:good(well)-best, bad(ill)-worst, many(much)-most, little-least, etc. 2GUhV*TN  
TOEFL经常会出现这样的搭配: most highest, 这是不对的,hightest已经是最高级,前面当然不能在加most. ~m W>_[RT;  
例题: jeyaT^F(   
(1) N/`g?B[  
The most easiest process for mining gold is panning, which involves using a circular c '/2F0y  
    A                          B pvI&-D #}  
dish with a small pocket at the bottom. d9ZDpzx B  
 C          D xU: PhhS  
答案:A pZW}^kg=  
应改为:easiest. Ynv 9v\n|  
解释:easiest本身已是最高级, most纯属画蛇添足, 应去掉 9? v)  
二、没有等级的形容词 _zAc 5rS  
有些形容词本身就具有“比….年长”、“ 比…..优越”等含义,因此也就没有比较级和最高级。比如: inferior, superior, senior, anterior。这些形容词往往和to连用,而不和than连用。 P2s^=J0 @  
有些形容词本身就具备“最、极”的含义,所以就没有最高级和比较级。如: CAcOWwDm  
absolute(绝对的), unique(独一无二的), infinite(无限的), round(圆的), right(对的), correct(正确的), wrong(错误的), perfect(完美的),这类形容词往往被称为绝对形容词 oo"JMD)  
例题: zkw 0jX~  
Geoffrey Chaucer occupies a ---- place in English literature. 'Sm/t/g"|  
(A) most unique bi,rMgW  
(B) unique 47$-5k30  
(C) least unique N$L& |4r  
(D)very unique \["1N-q b  
答案: B X*D5y8<  
GN8`xR{J*  
考点二 最高级前的限定词 G Z-n! ^  
(1) 形容级做定语时, 最高级前通常要加定冠词the ,如: \:18Uoe7  
the most important thing, the biggest elephant EC:x  ,i  
但当最高级前有物主代词时,不需加the, 如: _,Io(QS  
my latest hobby, her most interesting experience 70I4-[/z[d  
(2) 形容词作表语时,最高级前通常不加限定词 |i jW_r  
如:She looks happiest whenever you are around. /61ag9pN  
    Excuse me, but I'm busiest at the moment. 4B%5-VQ  
例题: cPa 0n4  
(1) "Hsq<oV8  
  Of all the Native Americans in the United States, the Navajos form largest group. bE%mgaOh  
  A  B         C              D 8*Nt&`@  
答案: D C'xU=OnA8  
应改为: form the largest p3'mJ3MA  
解释: largest是最高级, 作group的定语, 之前必须加定冠词the Z{|.xgsY  
EUYa =-  
考点三 范围词 3IRRFIiO  
伴随最高级出现的往往有表示范围的词或短语,常用of 或among或 in 引导, 表示“在….之中”。 如:of all, in the world, in the country等, 在填空题的题干中包含表示范围的词时,空格处需填最高级 ^ me}k{x  
例题: !ktA"Jx  
(1)  Cq~ah  
The Appalachian Trail, extending approximately 2, 020 miles from Maine to `)xU;-  
            A            B        n?KS]ar>  
Georgia, is the longer continuous marked footpath in the world. ,nuDoc  
         C    D au9Wo<mR  
答案:C &t=>:C$1Y  
应改为:longest. eG2qOq$[  
解释:本句有范围词in the world, 则定冠词the 之后应采用形容词最高级形式 8-l)TTP&.  
考点四 most的其他用法 Qe=Q8cT  
对于most来讲,除了构成某些词最高级外,most的用法有几点需要注意,经常成为改错题的考点: 1x<rh\oo  
1.       当most表示大多数时,之前不加the, 并且有两种形式来表示大多数,分别为: \Lh<E5@]  
most + 名词,如:most people, most Indian tribes; 86) 3XE[ 5  
most + of + 限定词 + 名词或代词,如:most of his paintings,most of us, most of the modern artists m@ 'I|!^  
2. most有时意思等同于very, 此时most之前用不定冠词,如: PezWc18  
a most lovely girl, a most impressive proposal ?p/kuv{\o#  
例题: >c'_xa?^G  
(1) dXcMysRc%&  
  The most substances expand in volume when they are heated. Up2\X#6  
   A        B   C     D RAkFgC ~  
答案:A TB3T:A>2  
应改为:Most SO jDtZ  
解释:most只有在表示形容词最高级作定语时需加定冠词,此句表示“大多数”,没必要加the. R`3>0LrC8  
(2) '9F{.]  
The most often flour is made from wheat, but it may also be made from the seeds T4 , Zc  
   A       B              C YKS'#F2  
 of other cereal plants. 6+d"3-R.  
  D ;[\2/$-  
答案:A &CP@] pi9L  
应改为:most. 8`*9jr  
解释:the most 一般出现在最高级中, 此句most often为固定说法,意为经常 "aO,  
词汇:cereal: 谷类的 )p_LkX(  
T_B.p*\BM  
the end. D]`B;aE>A*  
第三章 副词 (uxQBy  
)mO;l/,0  
副词和形容词有着千丝万缕的联系,相当比例的副词都是形容词加后缀-ly构成的,但副词在句中的作用却与形容词有较大区别,需细心领会:副词最主要的功能是作状语,用于修饰动词、形容词、副词、介词短语、甚至整个句子,这些都是形容词不可替代的作用,但切记在TOEFL题中不可修饰名词 S^"e5n2  
副词可大致分为时间副词(如:now, then, recently), 地点副词(如:here, upstairs, everywhere), 方式副词(如:carefully, rapidly, happily), 程度副词(如:much, quite, extremely), 疑问副词(如:how, when, where), 承接副词(如:besides, however, therefore)等等 7[ <sl35  
副词比较级和最高级的用法基本和形容词相同,形容词比较级的特殊句式同样适用于副词,稍有不同的是副词最高级前的the可用可不用,不用时居多。副词比较级和最高级作为考点的不多,但在题干中多次出现,可留心体会与形容词的区别和联系 *A9{H>Vq  
{3uSg)  
第一节 副词修饰动词 !P^$g R  
Wn#JY p  
修饰动词是副词的最主要作用之一,此处动词的含义包括谓语动词、不定式中的动词,被动式或进行时中的分词形式的动词 =5_F9nk-   
例如:You can't possibly arrive there on time. (谓语动词) !eoec2h#5  
It's inconvenient to contact him directly. (不定式中的动词) jmzvp6N$8  
Her composition is frequently referred to as original. (被动式) Bw7:ry  
改错题中常误用形容词修饰动词,要注意识别 y#0Z[[I0  
例题: >f05+%^[  
(1) M<m64{m1  
In the United States, sleds for recreation were first produced commercial in the )Nd:PnA  
             A        B    C TB[2!ZW  
 1870's or thereabouts. 0A 4|  
      D Cx'=2Y7  
答案:C H)fo4N4ii  
应改为:commercially htSk2N/  
解释:形容词commercial不能修饰谓语动词produce, 需改为副词 K'/x9.'%  
(2) OHvzK8  
According to anthropologists, the earliest ancestors of humans that stood upright resembled chimpanzees ----, with sloping foreheads and protruding brows. 8~+Msn:  
(A) facially UVU*5U~  
(B) their faces LtIZgOd<  
(C) having facial ] CE2/6Ph  
(D) they had faces jC8BLyGE_  
答案:A }}2hI`   
解释:resemble一词是本句的谓语动词, 已有了宾语chimpanzees, 之后需要的只可能是用来补充说明的非谓语, B、D可先排除; facial是形容词, 不能作have的宾语, 因此C肯定不对; A是副词, 恰好修饰动词作状语 ;9sVWJJCw  
tR/ JY;jn  
第二节 程度副词much等 =S +:qk  
R:<AR.)K  
程度副词much, still, far, a little, a bit 的特殊之处在于:可用来修饰比较级,表示加强或减弱程度。 如: I'm much clearer about the situation now. 3Ab$  
She's not a bit more rational than you were. htlWC>*  
注意:much不能加形容词原形代替比较级 B ~GyS"  
比如想说更有耐心:不能够说much patient, 而应该说more patient; y +vcBuX  
同时more也不能替代much修饰比较级, [_Z3v,vt,  
比如要说低得多:不能说more lower , 而应该说much lower; k/Q]K e  
例句:She is far better than me at English. ( 在英语方面她比我好的多) *E6 p=  
例题: G;+ 0V0K  
(1) /n=/WGl  
Watercolors dry more faster than other paints. =T6\kz9)`  
   A    B   C    D c+VUk*c3  
答案:C 9r}} m0  
应改为:much faster ~8E rl3=5{  
解释:比较级more不能修饰比较级faster, 应改为程度副词much W;W\L? r  
(2) (Zkt2[E`  
Reptiles are widely distributed all over the world, but are much abundant in warm Pr'py  
        A                 B =*N(8j>y  
  regions and are virtually absent beyond the treeline in the Arctic. EA72%Y9F  
          C     D SY.V_O$l }  
答案:B )JON&~C  
应改为:more. aqgSr|  
解释:much作为形容词不能修饰另一个形容词, 而作副词时只能修饰形容词比较级, 如much better, much more expensive, 依句意是要将爬行动物在温带地区和寒带地区的分布加以对比, 因此改为比较级more abundant S7]cF5N  
(3) oizoKwp%  
Aluminum is the most abundant metal in the crust of the Earth, but the nonmetals s RB8 jY  
         A          B      C kS>j!U(%d  
oxygen and silicon are more still abundant. ektFk"W3A\  
            D 1l{n`gR  
考点:程度副词 XCY4[2*a>  
答案:D iZF{ 9@  
应改为:still more >"b"K{t  
解释:程度副词still修饰比较级more时,应置于其前, '=xl}v  
词汇:crust: 地壳 silicon: 硅 )U?W+0[=  
(4) 6$Y1[  
A goose's neck is a tiny longer than that of a duck and not so gracefully curved as a mj pH)6aD0  
        A      B          C      D uM$=v]e^ 4  
swan's. !G37K8 &&*  
考点:程度副词 `*B8IT)  
答案:A @%K 8 oYK  
应改为:little H}X"yLog*  
解释:形容词tiny不能修饰比较级longer, 应改用程度副词a little Wp ]u0w  
词汇:gracefully: 优雅地, swan: 天鹅
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