第三节 最高级 CXuD%H]tx
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考点一 最高级的形式 d,(y$V+
一、英文中表示最的概念时,形容词要变为最高级,其形式主要有两种: n;Oe- +oSC
在词尾加-est (单音节形容词), 如:low-lowest, late-latest, lucky-luckiest, fit-fittest; TI7$J
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或在词之前加most (多音节形容词), 如:most important, most sensitive kzRvLs4xM
少数词最高级形式特殊,如:good(well)-best, bad(ill)-worst, many(much)-most, little-least, etc. lw9jk`7^
TOEFL经常会出现这样的搭配: most highest, 这是不对的,hightest已经是最高级,前面当然不能在加most. Qjj }k)
例题: L K#A
(1) ['}|#3*w
The most easiest process for mining gold is panning, which involves using a circular aA|{r/.10K
A B PK:Lv15"r
dish with a small pocket at the bottom. FLMiW]?x
C D VxN#\Di&
答案:A >j=ZB3y
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应改为:easiest. JI!1
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解释:easiest本身已是最高级, most纯属画蛇添足, 应去掉 MT>sRx#
二、没有等级的形容词 "mJo<i}
有些形容词本身就具有“比….年长”、“ 比…..优越”等含义,因此也就没有比较级和最高级。比如: inferior, superior, senior, anterior。这些形容词往往和to连用,而不和than连用。 aze#Cn,P}
有些形容词本身就具备“最、极”的含义,所以就没有最高级和比较级。如: |URfw5Hm
absolute(绝对的), unique(独一无二的), infinite(无限的), round(圆的), right(对的), correct(正确的), wrong(错误的), perfect(完美的),这类形容词往往被称为绝对形容词 FFw(`[A_
例题: ,"`20.Lv
Geoffrey Chaucer occupies a ---- place in English literature. 3%)cUkD
(A) most unique FvT
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(B) unique v"1&xe^4
(C) least unique ^s6~*n<fH
(D)very unique F `:Q
答案: B %6cr4}Zm}
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考点二 最高级前的限定词 SdlO]y9E
(1) 形容级做定语时, 最高级前通常要加定冠词the ,如: 6n
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the most important thing, the biggest elephant epnZGz,A
但当最高级前有物主代词时,不需加the, 如: ^N<a
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my latest hobby, her most interesting experience n8EKTuy
(2) 形容词作表语时,最高级前通常不加限定词 961&rR}d
如:She looks happiest whenever you are around. oqwW
Excuse me, but I'm busiest at the moment. j4i$2ZT'
例题: Nt8"6k_
(1) -4QZ/ *
Of all the Native Americans in the United States, the Navajos form largest group. %@:>hQ2;
A B C D oX)a6FXK>
答案: D IA0vSF:
应改为: form the largest ]xvhUv!G
解释: largest是最高级, 作group的定语, 之前必须加定冠词the jW#dUKS(
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考点三 范围词 RbUir185Y
伴随最高级出现的往往有表示范围的词或短语,常用of 或among或 in 引导, 表示“在….之中”。 如:of all, in the world, in the country等, 在填空题的题干中包含表示范围的词时,空格处需填最高级 ?3N/#
例题: G:b6Wf
(1) *P
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The Appalachian Trail, extending approximately 2, 020 miles from Maine to EO+Ix7w
A B ;VCV%=W<
Georgia, is the longer continuous marked footpath in the world. z&!o1u
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C D xqk(id\&
答案:C Jy:@&c
应改为:longest. *><j(uz!
解释:本句有范围词in the world, 则定冠词the 之后应采用形容词最高级形式 h(q4
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考点四 most的其他用法 %+/v")8+?
对于most来讲,除了构成某些词最高级外,most的用法有几点需要注意,经常成为改错题的考点: wa[J\lW
1. 当most表示大多数时,之前不加the, 并且有两种形式来表示大多数,分别为: C|H`.|Q
most + 名词,如:most people, most Indian tribes; 0e>?!Z
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most + of + 限定词 + 名词或代词,如:most of his paintings,most of us, most of the modern artists +
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2. most有时意思等同于very, 此时most之前用不定冠词,如: XKp(31])
a most lovely girl, a most impressive proposal 5Qg*j/z?
例题: 1;./e&%%
(1) :fX61S6)
The most substances expand in volume when they are heated. ajRht +{
A B C D LkeYzQH/l
答案:A B7A.~'=
应改为:Most QN;NuDHN
解释:most只有在表示形容词最高级作定语时需加定冠词,此句表示“大多数”,没必要加the. 5Mxl({oI]
(2)
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The most often flour is made from wheat, but it may also be made from the seeds =S^
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A B C tm34Z''.>
of other cereal plants. oMn'{+(w
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答案:A Qc9[/4R>
应改为:most. -K^(L#G
解释:the most 一般出现在最高级中, 此句most often为固定说法,意为经常 >SZuN"r8`
词汇:cereal: 谷类的 ,+Ya'4x
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the end. /KiaLS
第三章 副词 BH^cR<<j
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副词和形容词有着千丝万缕的联系,相当比例的副词都是形容词加后缀-ly构成的,但副词在句中的作用却与形容词有较大区别,需细心领会:副词最主要的功能是作状语,用于修饰动词、形容词、副词、介词短语、甚至整个句子,这些都是形容词不可替代的作用,但切记在TOEFL题中不可修饰名词 &@&^k$du8q
副词可大致分为时间副词(如:now, then, recently), 地点副词(如:here, upstairs, everywhere), 方式副词(如:carefully, rapidly, happily), 程度副词(如:much, quite, extremely), 疑问副词(如:how, when, where), 承接副词(如:besides, however, therefore)等等 }
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副词比较级和最高级的用法基本和形容词相同,形容词比较级的特殊句式同样适用于副词,稍有不同的是副词最高级前的the可用可不用,不用时居多。副词比较级和最高级作为考点的不多,但在题干中多次出现,可留心体会与形容词的区别和联系 iQh:y:Jo1&
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第一节 副词修饰动词 +I~U8v-
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修饰动词是副词的最主要作用之一,此处动词的含义包括谓语动词、不定式中的动词,被动式或进行时中的分词形式的动词 b!;WF
例如:You can't possibly arrive there on time. (谓语动词) (yeN> x}_
It's inconvenient to contact him directly. (不定式中的动词) WdrMp
Her composition is frequently referred to as original. (被动式) T6,6lll
改错题中常误用形容词修饰动词,要注意识别 Gm\jboef]
例题: 0pe*DbYP5
(1) SMm$4h R
In the United States, sleds for recreation were first produced commercial in the L!W5H2Mc
A B C YH[HJ#:7r
1870's or thereabouts. M<)Vtn
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答案:C ^6^A/]
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应改为:commercially |VX0o2
解释:形容词commercial不能修饰谓语动词produce, 需改为副词 8g
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(2) LTio^uH
According to anthropologists, the earliest ancestors of humans that stood upright resembled chimpanzees ----, with sloping foreheads and protruding brows. ?Qh[vcF7`
(A) facially BG@[m
(B) their faces I#t#%!InH
(C) having facial _k5-Wd5Ypw
(D) they had faces yi1V \8DC
答案:A T+<OlXpL
解释:resemble一词是本句的谓语动词, 已有了宾语chimpanzees, 之后需要的只可能是用来补充说明的非谓语, B、D可先排除; facial是形容词, 不能作have的宾语, 因此C肯定不对; A是副词, 恰好修饰动词作状语 2W`<P2IA
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第二节 程度副词much等 vn=0=(
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程度副词much, still, far, a little, a bit 的特殊之处在于:可用来修饰比较级,表示加强或减弱程度。 如: I'm much clearer about the situation now. N u9+b"Wr
She's not a bit more rational than you were. Uv/?/;si
注意:much不能加形容词原形代替比较级 $t$YdleIH
比如想说更有耐心:不能够说much patient, 而应该说more patient; B6a
同时more也不能替代much修饰比较级, %L;'C
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比如要说低得多:不能说more lower , 而应该说much lower; 8Ow0A
例句:She is far better than me at English. ( 在英语方面她比我好的多) 3P2L phW
例题: ;*E
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(1) xu0pY(n^r
Watercolors dry more faster than other paints. '@+a]kCMev
A B C D (!`]S>_w9
答案:C .EQ1r7
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应改为:much faster 7Cj6Kw5k
解释:比较级more不能修饰比较级faster, 应改为程度副词much qy|si4IU8,
(2) Arb-,[kwN
Reptiles are widely distributed all over the world, but are much abundant in warm J~vK`+Zs
A B Z}'"c9oB
regions and are virtually absent beyond the treeline in the Arctic. {n>W8sN<
C D *z
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答案:B *6e 5T
应改为:more. wmr8[n&c
解释:much作为形容词不能修饰另一个形容词, 而作副词时只能修饰形容词比较级, 如much better, much more expensive, 依句意是要将爬行动物在温带地区和寒带地区的分布加以对比, 因此改为比较级more abundant U$(AZ|0
(3) f}>S"fFI
Aluminum is the most abundant metal in the crust of the Earth, but the nonmetals WSW,}tFp"
A B C UF00K1dbz
oxygen and silicon are more still abundant. Q@lJ|
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考点:程度副词 )cy_d!
答案:D Ag`:!*
应改为:still more <v)Ai;l,
解释:程度副词still修饰比较级more时,应置于其前, CL$mK5u
词汇:crust: 地壳 silicon: 硅 V0h
(4) 8HyK;+ZkVd
A goose's neck is a tiny longer than that of a duck and not so gracefully curved as a zF[>K4
A B C D kOGpe'bV
swan's. huau(s0um
考点:程度副词 e_BOzN~c
答案:A {]}}rx'|P
应改为:little /L1qdkG
解释:形容词tiny不能修饰比较级longer, 应改用程度副词a little 5"[Qs|VjA6
词汇:gracefully: 优雅地, swan: 天鹅