第三节 最高级
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考点一 最高级的形式 vJTfo#C|
一、英文中表示最的概念时,形容词要变为最高级,其形式主要有两种: QN5yBa!Wz
在词尾加-est (单音节形容词), 如:low-lowest, late-latest, lucky-luckiest, fit-fittest; wRXn9
或在词之前加most (多音节形容词), 如:most important, most sensitive
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少数词最高级形式特殊,如:good(well)-best, bad(ill)-worst, many(much)-most, little-least, etc. (#j2P0B
TOEFL经常会出现这样的搭配: most highest, 这是不对的,hightest已经是最高级,前面当然不能在加most. P"R97#C
例题: PPwxk;
(1) C.yY8?|
The most easiest process for mining gold is panning, which involves using a circular gx!*O<|e4
A B ).0V%}>
dish with a small pocket at the bottom. /S7+B]
C D gd
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答案:A QL)>/%yU
应改为:easiest. c
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解释:easiest本身已是最高级, most纯属画蛇添足, 应去掉 6}VUD
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二、没有等级的形容词 Tjnt(5
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有些形容词本身就具有“比….年长”、“ 比…..优越”等含义,因此也就没有比较级和最高级。比如: inferior, superior, senior, anterior。这些形容词往往和to连用,而不和than连用。 >DDQ'W !
有些形容词本身就具备“最、极”的含义,所以就没有最高级和比较级。如: 8_xnWMOe
absolute(绝对的), unique(独一无二的), infinite(无限的), round(圆的), right(对的), correct(正确的), wrong(错误的), perfect(完美的),这类形容词往往被称为绝对形容词 _MM
例题: 6#E]zmXO2
Geoffrey Chaucer occupies a ---- place in English literature. Ms.PO{wb
(A) most unique zc6Ho
(B) unique wqJ*
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(C) least unique 25x cD1*
(D)very unique o;ik Z*+*
答案: B 84iJ[Fq{
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考点二 最高级前的限定词 NNwc!x)*
(1) 形容级做定语时, 最高级前通常要加定冠词the ,如: $GQphXb$
the most important thing, the biggest elephant pU
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但当最高级前有物主代词时,不需加the, 如: i4 hJE
my latest hobby, her most interesting experience O[; +i
(2) 形容词作表语时,最高级前通常不加限定词
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如:She looks happiest whenever you are around. :FnOS<_B
Excuse me, but I'm busiest at the moment. $np=eT)
例题: .FuA;:@%\
(1) smV!y8&
Of all the Native Americans in the United States, the Navajos form largest group. Zotz?jVVr
A B C D GOGt?iw*<
答案: D u0xQ;BQ
应改为: form the largest ]22C)<
解释: largest是最高级, 作group的定语, 之前必须加定冠词the 5!~!j
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考点三 范围词 X&s7%]n
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伴随最高级出现的往往有表示范围的词或短语,常用of 或among或 in 引导, 表示“在….之中”。 如:of all, in the world, in the country等, 在填空题的题干中包含表示范围的词时,空格处需填最高级 4K E)g
例题: sD2
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(1) w}d}hI
The Appalachian Trail, extending approximately 2, 020 miles from Maine to Khj=llo,
A B 9[kX/#~W*
Georgia, is the longer continuous marked footpath in the world. j$+gq*I&E
C D 7ZQ'h3K
答案:C )U'yUUi
应改为:longest. f4
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解释:本句有范围词in the world, 则定冠词the 之后应采用形容词最高级形式 ms7SoYbSu
考点四 most的其他用法 dsK/6yu
对于most来讲,除了构成某些词最高级外,most的用法有几点需要注意,经常成为改错题的考点: 2hy NVG&$
1. 当most表示大多数时,之前不加the, 并且有两种形式来表示大多数,分别为: gGmxx,i
most + 名词,如:most people, most Indian tribes; C%]."R cMC
most + of + 限定词 + 名词或代词,如:most of his paintings,most of us, most of the modern artists 847 R
2. most有时意思等同于very, 此时most之前用不定冠词,如: P% Q@9kO>
a most lovely girl, a most impressive proposal tn{8u7
例题: ) \4
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(1) kxh 5}eB
The most substances expand in volume when they are heated. a1|c2kT
A B C D #X5hSw;
答案:A H*rx{ F?
应改为:Most "XhOsMJ
解释:most只有在表示形容词最高级作定语时需加定冠词,此句表示“大多数”,没必要加the. U{}!y3[wK
(2) >t0%?wj)Y
The most often flour is made from wheat, but it may also be made from the seeds
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A B C E=kw)<X2
of other cereal plants. (z2Z)_6L*L
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答案:A b=1%pX_
应改为:most. @!<d0_dnC
解释:the most 一般出现在最高级中, 此句most often为固定说法,意为经常 +
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词汇:cereal: 谷类的 SdxY>;
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第三章 副词 5V @&o`!=h
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副词和形容词有着千丝万缕的联系,相当比例的副词都是形容词加后缀-ly构成的,但副词在句中的作用却与形容词有较大区别,需细心领会:副词最主要的功能是作状语,用于修饰动词、形容词、副词、介词短语、甚至整个句子,这些都是形容词不可替代的作用,但切记在TOEFL题中不可修饰名词 \QT9HAdd@
副词可大致分为时间副词(如:now, then, recently), 地点副词(如:here, upstairs, everywhere), 方式副词(如:carefully, rapidly, happily), 程度副词(如:much, quite, extremely), 疑问副词(如:how, when, where), 承接副词(如:besides, however, therefore)等等 [(|v`qMv/g
副词比较级和最高级的用法基本和形容词相同,形容词比较级的特殊句式同样适用于副词,稍有不同的是副词最高级前的the可用可不用,不用时居多。副词比较级和最高级作为考点的不多,但在题干中多次出现,可留心体会与形容词的区别和联系 IqUp4}
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第一节 副词修饰动词 7F(5)Utt
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修饰动词是副词的最主要作用之一,此处动词的含义包括谓语动词、不定式中的动词,被动式或进行时中的分词形式的动词 TsHF
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例如:You can't possibly arrive there on time. (谓语动词)
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It's inconvenient to contact him directly. (不定式中的动词) P+Z\3re
Her composition is frequently referred to as original. (被动式) 2*u.3,aW
改错题中常误用形容词修饰动词,要注意识别 [M:S`{SbY
例题: i
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(1) h
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In the United States, sleds for recreation were first produced commercial in the [se^.[0,
A B C '7tBvVO_
1870's or thereabouts. PLdn#S}.
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答案:C <9ifPSvJ
应改为:commercially y
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解释:形容词commercial不能修饰谓语动词produce, 需改为副词 S|K}k:v8
(2) m^I,}1H4
According to anthropologists, the earliest ancestors of humans that stood upright resembled chimpanzees ----, with sloping foreheads and protruding brows. Sj-[%D*
(A) facially vP mnN^
(B) their faces Bo
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(C) having facial 6y
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(D) they had faces {TAw)!R
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答案:A +a$|
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解释:resemble一词是本句的谓语动词, 已有了宾语chimpanzees, 之后需要的只可能是用来补充说明的非谓语, B、D可先排除; facial是形容词, 不能作have的宾语, 因此C肯定不对; A是副词, 恰好修饰动词作状语 3nFt1E
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第二节 程度副词much等 @`|)Ia<
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程度副词much, still, far, a little, a bit 的特殊之处在于:可用来修饰比较级,表示加强或减弱程度。 如: I'm much clearer about the situation now. G!Zy
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She's not a bit more rational than you were. \##5O7/1
注意:much不能加形容词原形代替比较级 yn~P{}68
比如想说更有耐心:不能够说much patient, 而应该说more patient; 9%!dNnUk
同时more也不能替代much修饰比较级, WY>Knp=
比如要说低得多:不能说more lower , 而应该说much lower; w> 979g
例句:She is far better than me at English. ( 在英语方面她比我好的多) T20VX 8gX
例题: tu}>:mk
(1) &mkpJF/
Watercolors dry more faster than other paints. Cs1>bpY*R6
A B C D O4Dr ]X
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答案:C PW)aLycPK
应改为:much faster *
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解释:比较级more不能修饰比较级faster, 应改为程度副词much !ALZBB .r(
(2) '6S %9ahE
Reptiles are widely distributed all over the world, but are much abundant in warm u%2KwRQ
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regions and are virtually absent beyond the treeline in the Arctic. LwdV3 vb#
C D N"c(e6
答案:B (vyz;Ob
应改为:more. 1"]P`SY$r
解释:much作为形容词不能修饰另一个形容词, 而作副词时只能修饰形容词比较级, 如much better, much more expensive, 依句意是要将爬行动物在温带地区和寒带地区的分布加以对比, 因此改为比较级more abundant I3) Zr+
(3) ?<~WO?
Aluminum is the most abundant metal in the crust of the Earth, but the nonmetals QK <\kVZ8
A B C REA;x-u*
oxygen and silicon are more still abundant. Ai kf|)D[
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考点:程度副词 >*qQ+_
答案:D _\zQ"y|G
应改为:still more dM]#WBOPy
解释:程度副词still修饰比较级more时,应置于其前, |g_g8[@`}
词汇:crust: 地壳 silicon: 硅 AsxD}Nw[Z*
(4) J YmAn?o-
A goose's neck is a tiny longer than that of a duck and not so gracefully curved as a +5X DF
A B C D s3
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swan's. `;%Z N
考点:程度副词 f_\_9o"l
答案:A H3O@9YU
应改为:little G0d&@okbFC
解释:形容词tiny不能修饰比较级longer, 应改用程度副词a little O)#U ^
词汇:gracefully: 优雅地, swan: 天鹅