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楼主  发表于: 2007-09-22   

语法3(未完 )

第三节 最高级 a):Run  
O> ^~SO  
考点一 最高级的形式 !m:PBl5  
一、英文中表示最的概念时,形容词要变为最高级,其形式主要有两种: ;gu>;_  
在词尾加-est (单音节形容词), 如:low-lowest, late-latest, lucky-luckiest, fit-fittest; WQmiG=Dw^  
或在词之前加most (多音节形容词), 如:most important, most sensitive .yh2ttf<gB  
少数词最高级形式特殊,如:good(well)-best, bad(ill)-worst, many(much)-most, little-least, etc. l|tp0[  
TOEFL经常会出现这样的搭配: most highest, 这是不对的,hightest已经是最高级,前面当然不能在加most. 8cPf0p:  
例题: Gv nclnG  
(1) |3lAye,t)a  
The most easiest process for mining gold is panning, which involves using a circular LOG*K;v3  
    A                          B }b\q<sNE{  
dish with a small pocket at the bottom. ]}L1W`n  
 C          D 9X&qdA/q  
答案:A CZ%"Pqy&1L  
应改为:easiest. )"3oe ?  
解释:easiest本身已是最高级, most纯属画蛇添足, 应去掉 WHavz0knf[  
二、没有等级的形容词 >Pd23TsN  
有些形容词本身就具有“比….年长”、“ 比…..优越”等含义,因此也就没有比较级和最高级。比如: inferior, superior, senior, anterior。这些形容词往往和to连用,而不和than连用。 G`lhvpifG  
有些形容词本身就具备“最、极”的含义,所以就没有最高级和比较级。如: 8jGoU 9  
absolute(绝对的), unique(独一无二的), infinite(无限的), round(圆的), right(对的), correct(正确的), wrong(错误的), perfect(完美的),这类形容词往往被称为绝对形容词 Gz5@1CF  
例题: Q/`o6xv  
Geoffrey Chaucer occupies a ---- place in English literature. }`FC__  
(A) most unique uqeWdj*Y  
(B) unique #_sVB~sn@  
(C) least unique >5:e1a?9  
(D)very unique 'n.9qxY;  
答案: B {QkH%jj  
g)6 k?Y  
考点二 最高级前的限定词 ]@T `q R  
(1) 形容级做定语时, 最高级前通常要加定冠词the ,如: N^`Efpvg  
the most important thing, the biggest elephant #@"rp]1xv  
但当最高级前有物主代词时,不需加the, 如: c0p=/*s(  
my latest hobby, her most interesting experience M +q 7h+HP  
(2) 形容词作表语时,最高级前通常不加限定词 / hdl  
如:She looks happiest whenever you are around. ^S2} 0N f  
    Excuse me, but I'm busiest at the moment. Px&Mi:4tG  
例题: +%$V?y (  
(1) dg8\(G  
  Of all the Native Americans in the United States, the Navajos form largest group. @CUDD{1o  
  A  B         C              D wIHz TL  
答案: D ,IATJ s$E  
应改为: form the largest &}=,8Gt1G  
解释: largest是最高级, 作group的定语, 之前必须加定冠词the Fa^]\:  
y^BM*C I  
考点三 范围词 YZ P  
伴随最高级出现的往往有表示范围的词或短语,常用of 或among或 in 引导, 表示“在….之中”。 如:of all, in the world, in the country等, 在填空题的题干中包含表示范围的词时,空格处需填最高级 o-Arfc3Q  
例题: &" n9,$  
(1) 3_/d=ZI\  
The Appalachian Trail, extending approximately 2, 020 miles from Maine to ?V&a |:N9  
            A            B        Sd11ZC6  
Georgia, is the longer continuous marked footpath in the world. "S#hzrEdYI  
         C    D `d#_66TLr  
答案:C Sp:de,9@  
应改为:longest. Z] }@#/ n  
解释:本句有范围词in the world, 则定冠词the 之后应采用形容词最高级形式 Z` M Q+  
考点四 most的其他用法 U++UG5c  
对于most来讲,除了构成某些词最高级外,most的用法有几点需要注意,经常成为改错题的考点: =Ybu_>  
1.       当most表示大多数时,之前不加the, 并且有两种形式来表示大多数,分别为: ? GW3 E  
most + 名词,如:most people, most Indian tribes;  1t'\!  
most + of + 限定词 + 名词或代词,如:most of his paintings,most of us, most of the modern artists mj~CCokF{?  
2. most有时意思等同于very, 此时most之前用不定冠词,如: <0}'#9>O  
a most lovely girl, a most impressive proposal HrxEC)V6#  
例题: p(%x&*)f  
(1) Ccmbdw,Z 5  
  The most substances expand in volume when they are heated. T94$}- 5/)  
   A        B   C     D K2Zy6lGOZ  
答案:A qsx1:Ny 1  
应改为:Most MvFXVCT#  
解释:most只有在表示形容词最高级作定语时需加定冠词,此句表示“大多数”,没必要加the. 9 |Y?#oZ1  
(2) 'U d5;?{  
The most often flour is made from wheat, but it may also be made from the seeds ]=Q'1%  
   A       B              C In2D32"F  
 of other cereal plants. HL]?CWtGP  
  D \=~Ap#Mpc4  
答案:A #S)*MT4ke  
应改为:most. wDk[)9#A   
解释:the most 一般出现在最高级中, 此句most often为固定说法,意为经常 cAS5&T<  
词汇:cereal: 谷类的 Mv3Ch'X[  
.Pi67Kj,  
the end. >xN^#$ng}  
第三章 副词 sh 1fz 6g  
[nrP; _  
副词和形容词有着千丝万缕的联系,相当比例的副词都是形容词加后缀-ly构成的,但副词在句中的作用却与形容词有较大区别,需细心领会:副词最主要的功能是作状语,用于修饰动词、形容词、副词、介词短语、甚至整个句子,这些都是形容词不可替代的作用,但切记在TOEFL题中不可修饰名词 "yumc5kt  
副词可大致分为时间副词(如:now, then, recently), 地点副词(如:here, upstairs, everywhere), 方式副词(如:carefully, rapidly, happily), 程度副词(如:much, quite, extremely), 疑问副词(如:how, when, where), 承接副词(如:besides, however, therefore)等等 gFH_^~7i8p  
副词比较级和最高级的用法基本和形容词相同,形容词比较级的特殊句式同样适用于副词,稍有不同的是副词最高级前的the可用可不用,不用时居多。副词比较级和最高级作为考点的不多,但在题干中多次出现,可留心体会与形容词的区别和联系 ?W(f%/B#  
jWz-7BO  
第一节 副词修饰动词 {mDaK&]Oh  
1 /`>Eh  
修饰动词是副词的最主要作用之一,此处动词的含义包括谓语动词、不定式中的动词,被动式或进行时中的分词形式的动词 F-6* BUqJ  
例如:You can't possibly arrive there on time. (谓语动词) ':=C2x1d|  
It's inconvenient to contact him directly. (不定式中的动词) IO4 IaeM  
Her composition is frequently referred to as original. (被动式) T]xGE   
改错题中常误用形容词修饰动词,要注意识别 {D@y-K5  
例题: )I#kG{z|P;  
(1) ATU@5,9  
In the United States, sleds for recreation were first produced commercial in the BC+HP9<]  
             A        B    C #%5>}$  
 1870's or thereabouts. "~ /3  
      D ^V:YNUqp#  
答案:C OKP?^%kD  
应改为:commercially R8 KL4g-d  
解释:形容词commercial不能修饰谓语动词produce, 需改为副词 dx~Wm1  
(2) lbPxZ'YO#  
According to anthropologists, the earliest ancestors of humans that stood upright resembled chimpanzees ----, with sloping foreheads and protruding brows. H Ow hl  
(A) facially ~ 0[K %]]  
(B) their faces .cb mCFXL  
(C) having facial zb<+x(0y"  
(D) they had faces ; ^$RG  
答案:A 0K!9MDT}*  
解释:resemble一词是本句的谓语动词, 已有了宾语chimpanzees, 之后需要的只可能是用来补充说明的非谓语, B、D可先排除; facial是形容词, 不能作have的宾语, 因此C肯定不对; A是副词, 恰好修饰动词作状语 I}:/v$btM  
s[g1e i9  
第二节 程度副词much等 c]9OP9F  
gp}S 1  
程度副词much, still, far, a little, a bit 的特殊之处在于:可用来修饰比较级,表示加强或减弱程度。 如: I'm much clearer about the situation now. 5u&jNU5m_  
She's not a bit more rational than you were. _+{ s^n=  
注意:much不能加形容词原形代替比较级 qGw6Wp~  
比如想说更有耐心:不能够说much patient, 而应该说more patient; ~q/`Z)(yc  
同时more也不能替代much修饰比较级, 5mV'k"Om#"  
比如要说低得多:不能说more lower , 而应该说much lower; "[%NXan  
例句:She is far better than me at English. ( 在英语方面她比我好的多) (T^aZuuS  
例题: T Q BL!w  
(1) ^'h~#7s  
Watercolors dry more faster than other paints. ovHbs^H%  
   A    B   C    D $OJ*Kul  
答案:C XH. _Z  
应改为:much faster LP87X-qkjW  
解释:比较级more不能修饰比较级faster, 应改为程度副词much Y8d%L;b[D  
(2) JmBYD[h,  
Reptiles are widely distributed all over the world, but are much abundant in warm CkP!4^J qQ  
        A                 B g5cR.]oz  
  regions and are virtually absent beyond the treeline in the Arctic. |XsW)/  
          C     D .`iq+i~  
答案:B mdk:2ndP  
应改为:more. NO<m yN+N  
解释:much作为形容词不能修饰另一个形容词, 而作副词时只能修饰形容词比较级, 如much better, much more expensive, 依句意是要将爬行动物在温带地区和寒带地区的分布加以对比, 因此改为比较级more abundant Ywni2-)<  
(3) bXJE 2N  
Aluminum is the most abundant metal in the crust of the Earth, but the nonmetals WcdU fv(>  
         A          B      C w90y-^p%  
oxygen and silicon are more still abundant. ZHZ>YSqCS  
            D 8-m"]o3  
考点:程度副词 o(a*Fk$  
答案:D &38Fj'l  
应改为:still more b w cPY  
解释:程度副词still修饰比较级more时,应置于其前, }3+(A`9h f  
词汇:crust: 地壳 silicon: 硅 Ao,lEjNI  
(4) R&-bA3w$  
A goose's neck is a tiny longer than that of a duck and not so gracefully curved as a 3U}z?gP[  
        A      B          C      D {d3r>Ub)7d  
swan's. Z8:iaP)  
考点:程度副词 "\B Li C  
答案:A 5tf/VT   
应改为:little aB$Y5  
解释:形容词tiny不能修饰比较级longer, 应改用程度副词a little yyXJ_B  
词汇:gracefully: 优雅地, swan: 天鹅
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