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楼主  发表于: 2007-09-22   

语法3(未完 )

第三节 最高级 CXuD%H]tx  
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考点一 最高级的形式 d,(y$V+  
一、英文中表示最的概念时,形容词要变为最高级,其形式主要有两种: n;Oe-+oSC  
在词尾加-est (单音节形容词), 如:low-lowest, late-latest, lucky-luckiest, fit-fittest; TI7$J #  
或在词之前加most (多音节形容词), 如:most important, most sensitive kzRvLs4xM  
少数词最高级形式特殊,如:good(well)-best, bad(ill)-worst, many(much)-most, little-least, etc. lw9jk`7^  
TOEFL经常会出现这样的搭配: most highest, 这是不对的,hightest已经是最高级,前面当然不能在加most. Qjj }k)  
例题: L K #A  
(1) ['}|#3*w  
The most easiest process for mining gold is panning, which involves using a circular aA|{r/.10K  
    A                          B PK:Lv15"r  
dish with a small pocket at the bottom. FLMiW]?x  
 C          D VxN#\D i&  
答案:A >j=ZB3y Z  
应改为:easiest. JI!1 .]&  
解释:easiest本身已是最高级, most纯属画蛇添足, 应去掉 MT>sRx #  
二、没有等级的形容词 "mJo<i}  
有些形容词本身就具有“比….年长”、“ 比…..优越”等含义,因此也就没有比较级和最高级。比如: inferior, superior, senior, anterior。这些形容词往往和to连用,而不和than连用。 aze#Cn,P}  
有些形容词本身就具备“最、极”的含义,所以就没有最高级和比较级。如: |URfw5Hm  
absolute(绝对的), unique(独一无二的), infinite(无限的), round(圆的), right(对的), correct(正确的), wrong(错误的), perfect(完美的),这类形容词往往被称为绝对形容词 FFw(`[A_  
例题: ,"`20.Lv  
Geoffrey Chaucer occupies a ---- place in English literature. 3%)cUkD  
(A) most unique FvT 4?7-  
(B) unique v"1&xe^4  
(C) least unique ^s6~*n<fH  
(D)very unique F `:Q  
答案: B %6cr4}Zm}  
#!Cg$6%x9  
考点二 最高级前的限定词 SdlO]y9E  
(1) 形容级做定语时, 最高级前通常要加定冠词the ,如: 6n 2RTH  
the most important thing, the biggest elephant epnZGz,A  
但当最高级前有物主代词时,不需加the, 如: ^N<a HFF  
my latest hobby, her most interesting experience n8EKTuy  
(2) 形容词作表语时,最高级前通常不加限定词 961&rR}d  
如:She looks happiest whenever you are around. oqwW  
    Excuse me, but I'm busiest at the moment. j4i$2ZT'  
例题: Nt8"6k_  
(1) -4QZ/*  
  Of all the Native Americans in the United States, the Navajos form largest group. %@:>hQ2;  
  A  B         C              D oX)a6FXK>  
答案: D IA0 vSF:  
应改为: form the largest ]xvhUv!G  
解释: largest是最高级, 作group的定语, 之前必须加定冠词the jW#dUKS(  
DH .`  
考点三 范围词 RbUir185Y  
伴随最高级出现的往往有表示范围的词或短语,常用of 或among或 in 引导, 表示“在….之中”。 如:of all, in the world, in the country等, 在填空题的题干中包含表示范围的词时,空格处需填最高级 ?3N/#  
例题: G:b6Wf  
(1) *P *.'XM  
The Appalachian Trail, extending approximately 2, 020 miles from Maine to EO+Ix7w  
            A            B        ;VCV%=W<  
Georgia, is the longer continuous marked footpath in the world. z&!o1u q  
         C    D xqk(id\&  
答案:C Jy:@&c  
应改为:longest. *><j(uz!  
解释:本句有范围词in the world, 则定冠词the 之后应采用形容词最高级形式 h(q4 B ~  
考点四 most的其他用法 %+/v")8+?  
对于most来讲,除了构成某些词最高级外,most的用法有几点需要注意,经常成为改错题的考点: wa[J\lW  
1.       当most表示大多数时,之前不加the, 并且有两种形式来表示大多数,分别为: C|H`.|Q  
most + 名词,如:most people, most Indian tribes; 0e>?!Z E  
most + of + 限定词 + 名词或代词,如:most of his paintings,most of us, most of the modern artists + q2\3REzx  
2. most有时意思等同于very, 此时most之前用不定冠词,如: XKp(31])  
a most lovely girl, a most impressive proposal 5Qg*j/z?  
例题: 1;./e&%%  
(1) :fX61S6)  
  The most substances expand in volume when they are heated. ajRht +{  
   A        B   C     D LkeYzQH/l  
答案:A B7A.~' =  
应改为:Most QN;NuDHN  
解释:most只有在表示形容词最高级作定语时需加定冠词,此句表示“大多数”,没必要加the. 5Mxl({oI]  
(2)  svo%NQ  
The most often flour is made from wheat, but it may also be made from the seeds =S^ vIo)  
   A       B              C tm34Z''.>  
 of other cereal plants. oM n'{+(w  
  D `h'Ab63  
答案:A Qc9[/4R>  
应改为:most. -K^(L #G  
解释:the most 一般出现在最高级中, 此句most often为固定说法,意为经常 >SZuN"r8`  
词汇:cereal: 谷类的 ,+Ya'4x  
'+|uv7|+v  
the end. /KiaLS  
第三章 副词 BH^cR<<j  
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副词和形容词有着千丝万缕的联系,相当比例的副词都是形容词加后缀-ly构成的,但副词在句中的作用却与形容词有较大区别,需细心领会:副词最主要的功能是作状语,用于修饰动词、形容词、副词、介词短语、甚至整个句子,这些都是形容词不可替代的作用,但切记在TOEFL题中不可修饰名词 &@&^k$du8q  
副词可大致分为时间副词(如:now, then, recently), 地点副词(如:here, upstairs, everywhere), 方式副词(如:carefully, rapidly, happily), 程度副词(如:much, quite, extremely), 疑问副词(如:how, when, where), 承接副词(如:besides, however, therefore)等等 } F*=+n  
副词比较级和最高级的用法基本和形容词相同,形容词比较级的特殊句式同样适用于副词,稍有不同的是副词最高级前的the可用可不用,不用时居多。副词比较级和最高级作为考点的不多,但在题干中多次出现,可留心体会与形容词的区别和联系 iQh:y:Jo1&  
+ L 5  
第一节 副词修饰动词 +I~U8v-  
. }tpEvAw}  
修饰动词是副词的最主要作用之一,此处动词的含义包括谓语动词、不定式中的动词,被动式或进行时中的分词形式的动词 b!;WF  
例如:You can't possibly arrive there on time. (谓语动词) (yeN> x}_  
It's inconvenient to contact him directly. (不定式中的动词) WdrMp  
Her composition is frequently referred to as original. (被动式) T6,6lll  
改错题中常误用形容词修饰动词,要注意识别 Gm\jboef]  
例题: 0pe*DbYP5  
(1) SMm$4h R  
In the United States, sleds for recreation were first produced commercial in the L!W5H2Mc  
             A        B    C YH[HJ#:7r  
 1870's or thereabouts. M<)Vtn  
      D TkjZI}]2  
答案:C ^6^A/] v  
应改为:commercially |VX0o2  
解释:形容词commercial不能修饰谓语动词produce, 需改为副词 8g 2'[ci$q  
(2) LTio^uH  
According to anthropologists, the earliest ancestors of humans that stood upright resembled chimpanzees ----, with sloping foreheads and protruding brows. ?Qh[vcF7`  
(A) facially BG@[m  
(B) their faces I#t# %!InH  
(C) having facial _k5-Wd5Ypw  
(D) they had faces yi1V\8DC  
答案:A T+<OlXpL  
解释:resemble一词是本句的谓语动词, 已有了宾语chimpanzees, 之后需要的只可能是用来补充说明的非谓语, B、D可先排除; facial是形容词, 不能作have的宾语, 因此C肯定不对; A是副词, 恰好修饰动词作状语 2W`<P2IA  
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第二节 程度副词much等 vn=0=(  
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程度副词much, still, far, a little, a bit 的特殊之处在于:可用来修饰比较级,表示加强或减弱程度。 如: I'm much clearer about the situation now. N u9+b"Wr  
She's not a bit more rational than you were. Uv /?/;si  
注意:much不能加形容词原形代替比较级 $t$YdleIH  
比如想说更有耐心:不能够说much patient, 而应该说more patient; B6a   
同时more也不能替代much修饰比较级, %L;'C v  
比如要说低得多:不能说more lower , 而应该说much lower; 8Ow0A  
例句:She is far better than me at English. ( 在英语方面她比我好的多) 3P2L phW  
例题: ;*E PAC+  
(1) xu0pY(n^r  
Watercolors dry more faster than other paints. '@+a]kCMev  
   A    B   C    D (!`]S>_w9  
答案:C .EQ1r7 9,  
应改为:much faster 7Cj6Kw5k  
解释:比较级more不能修饰比较级faster, 应改为程度副词much qy|si4IU8,  
(2) Arb-,[kwN  
Reptiles are widely distributed all over the world, but are much abundant in warm J~vK`+Zs  
        A                 B Z}'"c9oB  
  regions and are virtually absent beyond the treeline in the Arctic. {n>W8sN<  
          C     D *z A1NH5  
答案:B *6e 5T  
应改为:more. wm r8[n&c  
解释:much作为形容词不能修饰另一个形容词, 而作副词时只能修饰形容词比较级, 如much better, much more expensive, 依句意是要将爬行动物在温带地区和寒带地区的分布加以对比, 因此改为比较级more abundant U$(AZ|0  
(3) f}>S"fFI  
Aluminum is the most abundant metal in the crust of the Earth, but the nonmetals WSW,}tFp"  
         A          B      C UF00K1dbz  
oxygen and silicon are more still abundant. Q@lJ|  
            D u*$ 1e  
考点:程度副词 )cy_d!  
答案:D Ag`:!*  
应改为:still more <v)Ai;l,  
解释:程度副词still修饰比较级more时,应置于其前, CL$mK5u  
词汇:crust: 地壳 silicon: 硅 V0h  
(4) 8HyK;+ZkVd  
A goose's neck is a tiny longer than that of a duck and not so gracefully curved as a zF[>K4  
        A      B          C      D kOGpe'bV  
swan's. huau(s0um  
考点:程度副词 e_BOzN~c  
答案:A {]}}rx'|P  
应改为:little /L1qdkG  
解释:形容词tiny不能修饰比较级longer, 应改用程度副词a little 5"[Qs|VjA6  
词汇:gracefully: 优雅地, swan: 天鹅
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