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楼主  发表于: 2007-09-22   

语法3(未完 )

第三节 最高级 1o|0x\q  
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考点一 最高级的形式 vJTfo#C|  
一、英文中表示最的概念时,形容词要变为最高级,其形式主要有两种: QN5yBa!Wz  
在词尾加-est (单音节形容词), 如:low-lowest, late-latest, lucky-luckiest, fit-fittest; wR Xn9  
或在词之前加most (多音节形容词), 如:most important, most sensitive 5W[3_P+  
少数词最高级形式特殊,如:good(well)-best, bad(ill)-worst, many(much)-most, little-least, etc. (#j2P0B  
TOEFL经常会出现这样的搭配: most highest, 这是不对的,hightest已经是最高级,前面当然不能在加most. P"R97#C  
例题: P Pwxk;  
(1) C.yY8?|  
The most easiest process for mining gold is panning, which involves using a circular gx!*O<|e4  
    A                          B ).0V%}>  
dish with a small pocket at the bottom. /S7+B ]  
 C          D gd oJ4b  
答案:A QL)>/%yU  
应改为:easiest. c }<*~w;  
解释:easiest本身已是最高级, most纯属画蛇添足, 应去掉 6}VUD -}B  
二、没有等级的形容词 Tjnt(5 g  
有些形容词本身就具有“比….年长”、“ 比…..优越”等含义,因此也就没有比较级和最高级。比如: inferior, superior, senior, anterior。这些形容词往往和to连用,而不和than连用。 >DDQ'W!  
有些形容词本身就具备“最、极”的含义,所以就没有最高级和比较级。如: 8_xnWMOe  
absolute(绝对的), unique(独一无二的), infinite(无限的), round(圆的), right(对的), correct(正确的), wrong(错误的), perfect(完美的),这类形容词往往被称为绝对形容词 _MM   
例题: 6#E]zmXO2  
Geoffrey Chaucer occupies a ---- place in English literature. Ms.PO{wb  
(A) most unique zc6H o  
(B) unique wqJ* %  
(C) least unique 25xcD1*  
(D)very unique o;ik Z*+*  
答案: B 84iJ[Fq{  
]UK`?J=t2g  
考点二 最高级前的限定词 NNwc!x)*  
(1) 形容级做定语时, 最高级前通常要加定冠词the ,如: $GQphXb$  
the most important thing, the biggest elephant pU M&"V  
但当最高级前有物主代词时,不需加the, 如: i4hJE  
my latest hobby, her most interesting experience O[; +i   
(2) 形容词作表语时,最高级前通常不加限定词 {J{1`@  
如:She looks happiest whenever you are around. :FnOS<_B  
    Excuse me, but I'm busiest at the moment. $np=eT)  
例题: .FuA;:@%\  
(1) smV!y8&  
  Of all the Native Americans in the United States, the Navajos form largest group. Zotz?j VVr  
  A  B         C              D GOGt?iw*<  
答案: D u0xQ;BQ  
应改为: form the largest ]22C )<  
解释: largest是最高级, 作group的定语, 之前必须加定冠词the 5!~!j "q  
&(g|="T  
考点三 范围词 X&s7% ]n +  
伴随最高级出现的往往有表示范围的词或短语,常用of 或among或 in 引导, 表示“在….之中”。 如:of all, in the world, in the country等, 在填空题的题干中包含表示范围的词时,空格处需填最高级 4KE)g  
例题: sD2 ^_w6j  
(1) w}d}hI  
The Appalachian Trail, extending approximately 2, 020 miles from Maine to Khj=llo,  
            A            B        9[kX/#~W*  
Georgia, is the longer continuous marked footpath in the world. j$+gq*I&E  
         C    D 7ZQ'h3K  
答案:C )U'yUUi  
应改为:longest. f4 Q( 1(C  
解释:本句有范围词in the world, 则定冠词the 之后应采用形容词最高级形式 ms7SoY bSu  
考点四 most的其他用法 dsK/6yu  
对于most来讲,除了构成某些词最高级外,most的用法有几点需要注意,经常成为改错题的考点: 2hy NVG&$  
1.       当most表示大多数时,之前不加the, 并且有两种形式来表示大多数,分别为: gGmxx,i  
most + 名词,如:most people, most Indian tribes; C%]."R cMC  
most + of + 限定词 + 名词或代词,如:most of his paintings,most of us, most of the modern artists 847 R   
2. most有时意思等同于very, 此时most之前用不定冠词,如: P% Q@9kO>  
a most lovely girl, a most impressive proposal tn{8u7  
例题: ) \ 4 |  
(1) kxh 5}eB  
  The most substances expand in volume when they are heated. a1|c2kT  
   A        B   C     D #X5hS w;  
答案:A H*rx{F?  
应改为:Most "XhOsMJ  
解释:most只有在表示形容词最高级作定语时需加定冠词,此句表示“大多数”,没必要加the. U{}!y3[wK  
(2) >t0%?wj)Y  
The most often flour is made from wheat, but it may also be made from the seeds  ,gmH2.  
   A       B              C E=k w)<X2  
 of other cereal plants. (z2Z)_6L*L  
  D FCiq?@  
答案:A b=1%pX_  
应改为:most. @!<d0_dnC  
解释:the most 一般出现在最高级中, 此句most often为固定说法,意为经常 + T2HE\  
词汇:cereal: 谷类的 Sdx Y>;  
{a@ >6)  
the end. k" YHsn  
第三章 副词 5V@&o`!=h  
e\9g->DUs  
副词和形容词有着千丝万缕的联系,相当比例的副词都是形容词加后缀-ly构成的,但副词在句中的作用却与形容词有较大区别,需细心领会:副词最主要的功能是作状语,用于修饰动词、形容词、副词、介词短语、甚至整个句子,这些都是形容词不可替代的作用,但切记在TOEFL题中不可修饰名词 \QT9HAdd@  
副词可大致分为时间副词(如:now, then, recently), 地点副词(如:here, upstairs, everywhere), 方式副词(如:carefully, rapidly, happily), 程度副词(如:much, quite, extremely), 疑问副词(如:how, when, where), 承接副词(如:besides, however, therefore)等等 [(|v`qMv/g  
副词比较级和最高级的用法基本和形容词相同,形容词比较级的特殊句式同样适用于副词,稍有不同的是副词最高级前的the可用可不用,不用时居多。副词比较级和最高级作为考点的不多,但在题干中多次出现,可留心体会与形容词的区别和联系 IqUp4}  
ZPyM>XK$4  
第一节 副词修饰动词 7F(5)Utt  
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修饰动词是副词的最主要作用之一,此处动词的含义包括谓语动词、不定式中的动词,被动式或进行时中的分词形式的动词 TsHF tj9S  
例如:You can't possibly arrive there on time. (谓语动词) {155b0  
It's inconvenient to contact him directly. (不定式中的动词) P+Z\3re  
Her composition is frequently referred to as original. (被动式) 2*u.3,aW  
改错题中常误用形容词修饰动词,要注意识别 [M:S`{SbY  
例题: i a4k:\  
(1) h /<=u9J  
In the United States, sleds for recreation were first produced commercial in the [se^.[0,  
             A        B    C '7tBvVO_  
 1870's or thereabouts. PLdn#S}.  
      D vZkXt!%)  
答案:C <9ifPSvJ  
应改为:commercially y ~AmG~  
解释:形容词commercial不能修饰谓语动词produce, 需改为副词 S|K}k:v8  
(2) m^I,}1H4  
According to anthropologists, the earliest ancestors of humans that stood upright resembled chimpanzees ----, with sloping foreheads and protruding brows. Sj-[%D*  
(A) facially vP mnN^  
(B) their faces Bo r7]#  
(C) having facial 6y  Wc1  
(D) they had faces {TAw)!R ~  
答案:A +a$| Sc  
解释:resemble一词是本句的谓语动词, 已有了宾语chimpanzees, 之后需要的只可能是用来补充说明的非谓语, B、D可先排除; facial是形容词, 不能作have的宾语, 因此C肯定不对; A是副词, 恰好修饰动词作状语 3nFt1E   
Fr5 Xp  
第二节 程度副词much等 @`|)Ia<  
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程度副词much, still, far, a little, a bit 的特殊之处在于:可用来修饰比较级,表示加强或减弱程度。 如: I'm much clearer about the situation now. G!Zy l^  
She's not a bit more rational than you were. \##5O7/1  
注意:much不能加形容词原形代替比较级 yn~P{}68  
比如想说更有耐心:不能够说much patient, 而应该说more patient; 9%!dNnUk  
同时more也不能替代much修饰比较级, WY>Knp=  
比如要说低得多:不能说more lower , 而应该说much lower; w>979g  
例句:She is far better than me at English. ( 在英语方面她比我好的多) T20VX 8gX  
例题: tu}>:mk  
(1) &mkpJF/  
Watercolors dry more faster than other paints. Cs1>bpY*R6  
   A    B   C    D O4Dr ]X c]  
答案:C PW)aLycPK  
应改为:much faster * jCW.ZLY  
解释:比较级more不能修饰比较级faster, 应改为程度副词much !ALZBB.r(  
(2) '6S%9ahE  
Reptiles are widely distributed all over the world, but are much abundant in warm u%2KwRQ  
        A                 B (|u31[  
  regions and are virtually absent beyond the treeline in the Arctic. LwdV3vb#  
          C     D N"c(e6  
答案:B (vyz;Ob  
应改为:more. 1"]P`SY$r  
解释:much作为形容词不能修饰另一个形容词, 而作副词时只能修饰形容词比较级, 如much better, much more expensive, 依句意是要将爬行动物在温带地区和寒带地区的分布加以对比, 因此改为比较级more abundant I3)Zr+  
(3) ?<~WO?  
Aluminum is the most abundant metal in the crust of the Earth, but the nonmetals QK <\kVZ8  
         A          B      C REA;x-u*  
oxygen and silicon are more still abundant. Ai kf|)D[  
            D M-MKk:o  
考点:程度副词 >*qQ+_  
答案:D _\zQ"y|G  
应改为:still more dM]#WBOP y  
解释:程度副词still修饰比较级more时,应置于其前, |g_g8[@`}  
词汇:crust: 地壳 silicon: 硅 AsxD}Nw[Z*  
(4) JYmAn?o-  
A goose's neck is a tiny longer than that of a duck and not so gracefully curved as a +5X DF  
        A      B          C      D s3 B'>RG}  
swan's. `;%ZN  
考点:程度副词 f_\_9o"l  
答案:A H3O@9YU  
应改为:little G0d&@okbFC  
解释:形容词tiny不能修饰比较级longer, 应改用程度副词a little O)#U ^  
词汇:gracefully: 优雅地, swan: 天鹅
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