第三节 最高级
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考点一 最高级的形式 !m:PBl5
一、英文中表示最的概念时,形容词要变为最高级,其形式主要有两种: ;gu>;_
在词尾加-est (单音节形容词), 如:low-lowest, late-latest, lucky-luckiest, fit-fittest; WQmiG=Dw^
或在词之前加most (多音节形容词), 如:most important, most sensitive .yh2ttf<gB
少数词最高级形式特殊,如:good(well)-best, bad(ill)-worst, many(much)-most, little-least, etc. l|tp0[
TOEFL经常会出现这样的搭配: most highest, 这是不对的,hightest已经是最高级,前面当然不能在加most. 8cPf0p:
例题: Gv
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(1) |3lAye,t)a
The most easiest process for mining gold is panning, which involves using a circular LOG*K;v3
A B }b\q<sNE{
dish with a small pocket at the bottom. ]}L1W`n
C D 9X&qdA/q
答案:A CZ%"Pqy&1L
应改为:easiest. )"3oe ?
解释:easiest本身已是最高级, most纯属画蛇添足, 应去掉 WHavz0knf[
二、没有等级的形容词
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有些形容词本身就具有“比….年长”、“ 比…..优越”等含义,因此也就没有比较级和最高级。比如: inferior, superior, senior, anterior。这些形容词往往和to连用,而不和than连用。 G`lhvpifG
有些形容词本身就具备“最、极”的含义,所以就没有最高级和比较级。如: 8jGoU9
absolute(绝对的), unique(独一无二的), infinite(无限的), round(圆的), right(对的), correct(正确的), wrong(错误的), perfect(完美的),这类形容词往往被称为绝对形容词 Gz5@1CF
例题: Q/`o6xv
Geoffrey Chaucer occupies a ---- place in English literature. }`FC__
(A) most unique uqeWdj*Y
(B) unique #_sVB~sn@
(C) least unique > 5:e1a?9
(D)very unique 'n.9qxY;
答案: B {QkH%jj
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考点二 最高级前的限定词 ]@T `qR
(1) 形容级做定语时, 最高级前通常要加定冠词the ,如: N ^`Efpvg
the most important thing, the biggest elephant #@"rp]1xv
但当最高级前有物主代词时,不需加the, 如: c0p=/*s(
my latest hobby, her most interesting experience M
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(2) 形容词作表语时,最高级前通常不加限定词 / hdl
如:She looks happiest whenever you are around. ^S2}0Nf
Excuse me, but I'm busiest at the moment. Px&Mi:4tG
例题: +%$V?y
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(1) dg8\(G
Of all the Native Americans in the United States, the Navajos form largest group. @CUDD{1o
A B C D wIHz
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答案: D ,IATJ
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应改为: form the largest &}=,8Gt1G
解释: largest是最高级, 作group的定语, 之前必须加定冠词the Fa^]\:
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考点三 范围词 YZ
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伴随最高级出现的往往有表示范围的词或短语,常用of 或among或 in 引导, 表示“在….之中”。 如:of all, in the world, in the country等, 在填空题的题干中包含表示范围的词时,空格处需填最高级 o-Arfc3Q
例题:
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(1) 3_/d=ZI\
The Appalachian Trail, extending approximately 2, 020 miles from Maine to ?V&a |:N9
A B Sd11ZC6
Georgia, is the longer continuous marked footpath in the world. "S#hzrEdYI
C D `d#_66TLr
答案:C Sp:de,9@
应改为:longest. Z] }@#/
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解释:本句有范围词in the world, 则定冠词the 之后应采用形容词最高级形式 Z`
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考点四 most的其他用法 U++UG5 c
对于most来讲,除了构成某些词最高级外,most的用法有几点需要注意,经常成为改错题的考点: =Ybu_>
1. 当most表示大多数时,之前不加the, 并且有两种形式来表示大多数,分别为: ? GW3
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most + 名词,如:most people, most Indian tribes;
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most + of + 限定词 + 名词或代词,如:most of his paintings,most of us, most of the modern artists mj~CCokF{?
2. most有时意思等同于very, 此时most之前用不定冠词,如: <0}'#9>O
a most lovely girl, a most impressive proposal HrxEC)V6#
例题: p(%x&*)f
(1) Ccmbdw,Z5
The most substances expand in volume when they are heated. T94$}- 5/)
A B C D K2Zy6lGOZ
答案:A qsx1:Ny1
应改为:Most MvFXVCT#
解释:most只有在表示形容词最高级作定语时需加定冠词,此句表示“大多数”,没必要加the. 9
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(2) 'U
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The most often flour is made from wheat, but it may also be made from the seeds ]=Q'1%
A B C In2D32"F
of other cereal plants. HL]?CWtGP
D \=~Ap#Mpc4
答案:A #S)*MT4ke
应改为:most. wDk[)9#A
解释:the most 一般出现在最高级中, 此句most often为固定说法,意为经常 cAS5&T<
词汇:cereal: 谷类的 Mv3Ch'X[
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the end. >xN^#$ng}
第三章 副词 sh1fz 6g
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副词和形容词有着千丝万缕的联系,相当比例的副词都是形容词加后缀-ly构成的,但副词在句中的作用却与形容词有较大区别,需细心领会:副词最主要的功能是作状语,用于修饰动词、形容词、副词、介词短语、甚至整个句子,这些都是形容词不可替代的作用,但切记在TOEFL题中不可修饰名词 "yumc5kt
副词可大致分为时间副词(如:now, then, recently), 地点副词(如:here, upstairs, everywhere), 方式副词(如:carefully, rapidly, happily), 程度副词(如:much, quite, extremely), 疑问副词(如:how, when, where), 承接副词(如:besides, however, therefore)等等 gFH_^~7i8p
副词比较级和最高级的用法基本和形容词相同,形容词比较级的特殊句式同样适用于副词,稍有不同的是副词最高级前的the可用可不用,不用时居多。副词比较级和最高级作为考点的不多,但在题干中多次出现,可留心体会与形容词的区别和联系 ?W(f%/B#
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第一节 副词修饰动词 {mDaK&]Oh
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修饰动词是副词的最主要作用之一,此处动词的含义包括谓语动词、不定式中的动词,被动式或进行时中的分词形式的动词 F-6*
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例如:You can't possibly arrive there on time. (谓语动词) ':=C2x1d|
It's inconvenient to contact him directly. (不定式中的动词) IO4 IaeM
Her composition is frequently referred to as original. (被动式) T]xGE
改错题中常误用形容词修饰动词,要注意识别 {D@y-K5
例题: )I#kG{z|P;
(1) ATU@5,9
In the United States, sleds for recreation were first produced commercial in the BC+HP9<]
A B C #%5>}$
1870's or thereabouts. "~ /3
D ^V:YNUqp#
答案:C OKP?^%kD
应改为:commercially R8KL4g-d
解释:形容词commercial不能修饰谓语动词produce, 需改为副词 dx~Wm1
(2) lbPxZ'YO#
According to anthropologists, the earliest ancestors of humans that stood upright resembled chimpanzees ----, with sloping foreheads and protruding brows. HOw hl
(A) facially ~ 0[K
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(B) their faces .cb mCFXL
(C) having facial zb<+x(0y"
(D) they had faces ; ^$RG
答案:A 0K!9MDT}*
解释:resemble一词是本句的谓语动词, 已有了宾语chimpanzees, 之后需要的只可能是用来补充说明的非谓语, B、D可先排除; facial是形容词, 不能作have的宾语, 因此C肯定不对; A是副词, 恰好修饰动词作状语 I}:/v$btM
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第二节 程度副词much等 c]9OP9F
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程度副词much, still, far, a little, a bit 的特殊之处在于:可用来修饰比较级,表示加强或减弱程度。 如: I'm much clearer about the situation now. 5u&jNU5m_
She's not a bit more rational than you were. _+{
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注意:much不能加形容词原形代替比较级 qGw6Wp~
比如想说更有耐心:不能够说much patient, 而应该说more patient; ~q/`Z)(yc
同时more也不能替代much修饰比较级, 5mV'k"Om#"
比如要说低得多:不能说more lower , 而应该说much lower; "[%NXan
例句:She is far better than me at English. ( 在英语方面她比我好的多) (T ^aZuuS
例题: T
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(1) ^'h~#7s
Watercolors dry more faster than other paints. ovHbs^H%
A B C D $OJ*Kul
答案:C XH. _Z
应改为:much faster LP87X-qkjW
解释:比较级more不能修饰比较级faster, 应改为程度副词much Y8d%L;b[D
(2) JmBYD[h,
Reptiles are widely distributed all over the world, but are much abundant in warm CkP!4^J qQ
A B g5cR.]oz
regions and are virtually absent beyond the treeline in the Arctic. |X sW)/
C D .`iq+i~
答案:B mdk:2ndP
应改为:more. NO<m
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解释:much作为形容词不能修饰另一个形容词, 而作副词时只能修饰形容词比较级, 如much better, much more expensive, 依句意是要将爬行动物在温带地区和寒带地区的分布加以对比, 因此改为比较级more abundant Ywni2-)<
(3) bXJE 2N
Aluminum is the most abundant metal in the crust of the Earth, but the nonmetals WcdU fv(>
A B C w90y-^p%
oxygen and silicon are more still abundant. ZHZ>YSqCS
D 8-m"] o3
考点:程度副词 o(a*Fk$
答案:D &38Fj'l
应改为:still more b w cPY
解释:程度副词still修饰比较级more时,应置于其前, }3+(A`9h f
词汇:crust: 地壳 silicon: 硅 Ao,lEjN I
(4) R &-bA3w$
A goose's neck is a tiny longer than that of a duck and not so gracefully curved as a 3U}z?gP[
A B C D {d3r>Ub)7d
swan's. Z8:iaP)
考点:程度副词 "\BLi C
答案:A 5tf/VT
应改为:little aB$Y5
解释:形容词tiny不能修饰比较级longer, 应改用程度副词a little yyXJ_B
词汇:gracefully: 优雅地, swan: 天鹅