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楼主  发表于: 2007-09-22   

语法3(未完 )

第三节 最高级 0`hwmDiB"  
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考点一 最高级的形式 WnxEu3U  
一、英文中表示最的概念时,形容词要变为最高级,其形式主要有两种: CDg AGy  
在词尾加-est (单音节形容词), 如:low-lowest, late-latest, lucky-luckiest, fit-fittest; eMMx8E)B  
或在词之前加most (多音节形容词), 如:most important, most sensitive kl7A^0Qrz  
少数词最高级形式特殊,如:good(well)-best, bad(ill)-worst, many(much)-most, little-least, etc. T{MC-j _T9  
TOEFL经常会出现这样的搭配: most highest, 这是不对的,hightest已经是最高级,前面当然不能在加most. [$\>~nj=  
例题: OD9 yxN>P  
(1) `7Ug/R<  
The most easiest process for mining gold is panning, which involves using a circular is#8R:7.:  
    A                          B U{1z;lJ  
dish with a small pocket at the bottom. iyM^[/-R6  
 C          D >]$aoA#  
答案:A av'*u  
应改为:easiest. xfHyC'?  
解释:easiest本身已是最高级, most纯属画蛇添足, 应去掉 ?ApRJm:T  
二、没有等级的形容词 M []OHw  
有些形容词本身就具有“比….年长”、“ 比…..优越”等含义,因此也就没有比较级和最高级。比如: inferior, superior, senior, anterior。这些形容词往往和to连用,而不和than连用。 HhSjR%6HY;  
有些形容词本身就具备“最、极”的含义,所以就没有最高级和比较级。如: `BT*,6a  
absolute(绝对的), unique(独一无二的), infinite(无限的), round(圆的), right(对的), correct(正确的), wrong(错误的), perfect(完美的),这类形容词往往被称为绝对形容词 U</+.$b  
例题: 'U)8rR  
Geoffrey Chaucer occupies a ---- place in English literature. * BOBH;s  
(A) most unique 31XU7A  
(B) unique S<oQ}+4[~  
(C) least unique b=LF%P  
(D)very unique "{F;M{h$},  
答案: B Q4%IxR?  
<-)9>c:k  
考点二 最高级前的限定词 oh&Y< d0  
(1) 形容级做定语时, 最高级前通常要加定冠词the ,如: G[6=u|(M  
the most important thing, the biggest elephant BX$hAQ(6Q  
但当最高级前有物主代词时,不需加the, 如: *i?.y*g  
my latest hobby, her most interesting experience ay[+2"  
(2) 形容词作表语时,最高级前通常不加限定词 N1? iiv  
如:She looks happiest whenever you are around. 3wNN<R  
    Excuse me, but I'm busiest at the moment. SJ(9rhB5*.  
例题: @,vv\M0)p  
(1) nHU3%%%cU  
  Of all the Native Americans in the United States, the Navajos form largest group. 4TJ!jDkox  
  A  B         C              D m|dF 30~A  
答案: D CjZ6NAHc  
应改为: form the largest zjWyGt(Q  
解释: largest是最高级, 作group的定语, 之前必须加定冠词the g =\13# F  
!:J< pWN"  
考点三 范围词 ddMM74  
伴随最高级出现的往往有表示范围的词或短语,常用of 或among或 in 引导, 表示“在….之中”。 如:of all, in the world, in the country等, 在填空题的题干中包含表示范围的词时,空格处需填最高级 JW Sq"N  
例题: -9Xw]I#QR  
(1) +2(Pc JR~  
The Appalachian Trail, extending approximately 2, 020 miles from Maine to #ZwY?T x  
            A            B        Px#4pmz  
Georgia, is the longer continuous marked footpath in the world. A>y#}^ l]  
         C    D :\T_'Shq  
答案:C &`5 :G LV  
应改为:longest. qZc)Sa.S  
解释:本句有范围词in the world, 则定冠词the 之后应采用形容词最高级形式 b6$4Ul-.  
考点四 most的其他用法 X)FQ%(H<  
对于most来讲,除了构成某些词最高级外,most的用法有几点需要注意,经常成为改错题的考点: *Ag,kW"  
1.       当most表示大多数时,之前不加the, 并且有两种形式来表示大多数,分别为: 3~8AcX@  
most + 名词,如:most people, most Indian tribes; '4Y*-!9  
most + of + 限定词 + 名词或代词,如:most of his paintings,most of us, most of the modern artists 2f /bEpi  
2. most有时意思等同于very, 此时most之前用不定冠词,如: J2x$uO{Bn  
a most lovely girl, a most impressive proposal :4b- sg#  
例题: _c,&\ wl$  
(1) UvoG<;  
  The most substances expand in volume when they are heated. 4v i B=>  
   A        B   C     D sd7Y6?_C  
答案:A |c BHBd  
应改为:Most EzwF`3RjK  
解释:most只有在表示形容词最高级作定语时需加定冠词,此句表示“大多数”,没必要加the. ZW`HDrP`  
(2) F\l!A'Q+t  
The most often flour is made from wheat, but it may also be made from the seeds VdYOm  
   A       B              C qRWJ-T:!F  
 of other cereal plants. -1dIZy  
  D :  ,|=Q}  
答案:A A Z]Z,s6  
应改为:most. Gf!t< =T   
解释:the most 一般出现在最高级中, 此句most often为固定说法,意为经常 +X{cN5Y K  
词汇:cereal: 谷类的 iOE9FW|e  
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the end. #zh6=.,7  
第三章 副词 dICnB:SSB  
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副词和形容词有着千丝万缕的联系,相当比例的副词都是形容词加后缀-ly构成的,但副词在句中的作用却与形容词有较大区别,需细心领会:副词最主要的功能是作状语,用于修饰动词、形容词、副词、介词短语、甚至整个句子,这些都是形容词不可替代的作用,但切记在TOEFL题中不可修饰名词 Z z{[Al{  
副词可大致分为时间副词(如:now, then, recently), 地点副词(如:here, upstairs, everywhere), 方式副词(如:carefully, rapidly, happily), 程度副词(如:much, quite, extremely), 疑问副词(如:how, when, where), 承接副词(如:besides, however, therefore)等等 pU[a[  
副词比较级和最高级的用法基本和形容词相同,形容词比较级的特殊句式同样适用于副词,稍有不同的是副词最高级前的the可用可不用,不用时居多。副词比较级和最高级作为考点的不多,但在题干中多次出现,可留心体会与形容词的区别和联系 @D( KuF  
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第一节 副词修饰动词 n/,rn>k7:  
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修饰动词是副词的最主要作用之一,此处动词的含义包括谓语动词、不定式中的动词,被动式或进行时中的分词形式的动词 *=r@vQ  
例如:You can't possibly arrive there on time. (谓语动词) ~{kA) :  
It's inconvenient to contact him directly. (不定式中的动词) F=P+;%.  
Her composition is frequently referred to as original. (被动式) [U_Q 2<H  
改错题中常误用形容词修饰动词,要注意识别 Z)b)v  
例题: OdtbVF~  
(1) 1VPfa  
In the United States, sleds for recreation were first produced commercial in the AOq9v~)z-  
             A        B    C ;RTrRh0v  
 1870's or thereabouts. oqQ?2k<@  
      D iLI.e rm  
答案:C  `i_L?C7  
应改为:commercially 3e!a>Gl*  
解释:形容词commercial不能修饰谓语动词produce, 需改为副词 8/kx3  
(2) 6>P  
According to anthropologists, the earliest ancestors of humans that stood upright resembled chimpanzees ----, with sloping foreheads and protruding brows. SFXfo1dqH  
(A) facially VAG+y/q  
(B) their faces LgD {!  
(C) having facial c=U$$|qHV  
(D) they had faces GXAk*vS=G  
答案:A cxF?&0[mY  
解释:resemble一词是本句的谓语动词, 已有了宾语chimpanzees, 之后需要的只可能是用来补充说明的非谓语, B、D可先排除; facial是形容词, 不能作have的宾语, 因此C肯定不对; A是副词, 恰好修饰动词作状语 ""U?# <}GD  
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第二节 程度副词much等 Z ^9{Qq  
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程度副词much, still, far, a little, a bit 的特殊之处在于:可用来修饰比较级,表示加强或减弱程度。 如: I'm much clearer about the situation now. GwIfGixqH  
She's not a bit more rational than you were. @{$Cv"6769  
注意:much不能加形容词原形代替比较级 cM7k){  
比如想说更有耐心:不能够说much patient, 而应该说more patient; (fI&(";t  
同时more也不能替代much修饰比较级, Osvz 3UMY3  
比如要说低得多:不能说more lower , 而应该说much lower; B$[%pm`'2  
例句:She is far better than me at English. ( 在英语方面她比我好的多) DJ2]NA$Q*  
例题: e 7)%=F/)  
(1) (gJ )]/n  
Watercolors dry more faster than other paints. 2ZzD^:V[}  
   A    B   C    D "!_ 4%z-  
答案:C =QKgsgLh  
应改为:much faster Z!=Pc$?  
解释:比较级more不能修饰比较级faster, 应改为程度副词much r)@&2b"q  
(2) ~RLx;  
Reptiles are widely distributed all over the world, but are much abundant in warm EwBN+v;)  
        A                 B p31rhe   
  regions and are virtually absent beyond the treeline in the Arctic. >^\>-U|  
          C     D UE$[;Zg  
答案:B _Ag/gu2-?  
应改为:more. ZT6X4 Z  
解释:much作为形容词不能修饰另一个形容词, 而作副词时只能修饰形容词比较级, 如much better, much more expensive, 依句意是要将爬行动物在温带地区和寒带地区的分布加以对比, 因此改为比较级more abundant sq (063l  
(3) <B{VL8IA>  
Aluminum is the most abundant metal in the crust of the Earth, but the nonmetals $^D(%  
         A          B      C O> ^~SO  
oxygen and silicon are more still abundant. F@(}=w^(A  
            D ![D,8]GD  
考点:程度副词 P(i2bbU  
答案:D _(kwD^x6O{  
应改为:still more G~hILW^  
解释:程度副词still修饰比较级more时,应置于其前, P;o>~Y>x  
词汇:crust: 地壳 silicon: 硅 5! Mp#lO  
(4) h/bYtE  
A goose's neck is a tiny longer than that of a duck and not so gracefully curved as a 2yO)}g FJ  
        A      B          C      D w7?9e#> Z  
swan's. V5@[7ncVf  
考点:程度副词 :-@P3F[0  
答案:A IV#f}NrfD  
应改为:little xr3PO?:  
解释:形容词tiny不能修饰比较级longer, 应改用程度副词a little H_f2:Za  
词汇:gracefully: 优雅地, swan: 天鹅
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