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楼主  发表于: 2007-09-22   

语法3(未完 )

第三节 最高级 ^GS\(egt  
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考点一 最高级的形式 f~R+Q/Gtz`  
一、英文中表示最的概念时,形容词要变为最高级,其形式主要有两种: DB+oCE<.#  
在词尾加-est (单音节形容词), 如:low-lowest, late-latest, lucky-luckiest, fit-fittest; t,u;"%go  
或在词之前加most (多音节形容词), 如:most important, most sensitive 3T/&T`T+c  
少数词最高级形式特殊,如:good(well)-best, bad(ill)-worst, many(much)-most, little-least, etc. je`Inn<  
TOEFL经常会出现这样的搭配: most highest, 这是不对的,hightest已经是最高级,前面当然不能在加most. CK#i 6!~r  
例题: w6h*dh$w  
(1) `n RF"T_  
The most easiest process for mining gold is panning, which involves using a circular 7GvMKtuSK  
    A                          B fDRG+/q(+  
dish with a small pocket at the bottom. x!6<7s  
 C          D XE]"RD<z  
答案:A \mL]xE-  
应改为:easiest. Z]w?RL  
解释:easiest本身已是最高级, most纯属画蛇添足, 应去掉 u @;e`-@  
二、没有等级的形容词 %=Y=]g2  
有些形容词本身就具有“比….年长”、“ 比…..优越”等含义,因此也就没有比较级和最高级。比如: inferior, superior, senior, anterior。这些形容词往往和to连用,而不和than连用。 lD{*Z spz  
有些形容词本身就具备“最、极”的含义,所以就没有最高级和比较级。如: .%!^L#g  
absolute(绝对的), unique(独一无二的), infinite(无限的), round(圆的), right(对的), correct(正确的), wrong(错误的), perfect(完美的),这类形容词往往被称为绝对形容词 FKPR;H8>  
例题: :H:Se  
Geoffrey Chaucer occupies a ---- place in English literature. R9(Yi<CC  
(A) most unique Sx8C<S5r<  
(B) unique !b=W>5h  
(C) least unique LpL$=9  
(D)very unique tyWDa$u,u  
答案: B +* j8[sz  
0 6M?ecN  
考点二 最高级前的限定词 UZs'H"K  
(1) 形容级做定语时, 最高级前通常要加定冠词the ,如:  <k0/O  
the most important thing, the biggest elephant -:kIIK   
但当最高级前有物主代词时,不需加the, 如: (L1F ],Au  
my latest hobby, her most interesting experience /\;m/cwrl"  
(2) 形容词作表语时,最高级前通常不加限定词 l|{[vZpT  
如:She looks happiest whenever you are around. 0yvp>{;p  
    Excuse me, but I'm busiest at the moment. t-5 Y,}j  
例题: oh@Ha?  
(1) 'kco. 1{  
  Of all the Native Americans in the United States, the Navajos form largest group. zWv0y8[ d  
  A  B         C              D tj*/%G{Y  
答案: D -SfU. XlZl  
应改为: form the largest 3m9b  
解释: largest是最高级, 作group的定语, 之前必须加定冠词the aj,o<J  
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考点三 范围词 2wDDVUwyB  
伴随最高级出现的往往有表示范围的词或短语,常用of 或among或 in 引导, 表示“在….之中”。 如:of all, in the world, in the country等, 在填空题的题干中包含表示范围的词时,空格处需填最高级 N'-[>w7vK2  
例题: .ANR |G  
(1) c/ih%xR  
The Appalachian Trail, extending approximately 2, 020 miles from Maine to ( Zd(?">i  
            A            B        )TKn5[<4  
Georgia, is the longer continuous marked footpath in the world. pkae91  
         C    D G~v:@  
答案:C :enR8MS  
应改为:longest. lSW'qgh  
解释:本句有范围词in the world, 则定冠词the 之后应采用形容词最高级形式 xb<|m2<)H  
考点四 most的其他用法 fISK3t/=C  
对于most来讲,除了构成某些词最高级外,most的用法有几点需要注意,经常成为改错题的考点: dS3\P5D.*c  
1.       当most表示大多数时,之前不加the, 并且有两种形式来表示大多数,分别为: i> ]PW|]  
most + 名词,如:most people, most Indian tribes; ^=n7E  
most + of + 限定词 + 名词或代词,如:most of his paintings,most of us, most of the modern artists !cYID \}S,  
2. most有时意思等同于very, 此时most之前用不定冠词,如: c6#E gN,X  
a most lovely girl, a most impressive proposal _<FUS'"  
例题: g:a[N%[C  
(1) Fd\uTxykp  
  The most substances expand in volume when they are heated. Qd kus 214  
   A        B   C     D c/A?-9  
答案:A ?L7DVwVa,I  
应改为:Most XLCqB|8`V  
解释:most只有在表示形容词最高级作定语时需加定冠词,此句表示“大多数”,没必要加the. _!qD/ [/  
(2) rFpYlMct  
The most often flour is made from wheat, but it may also be made from the seeds }7 +%k/  
   A       B              C  gmbRH5k  
 of other cereal plants. T`fT[BaY  
  D 4Ii5 V c  
答案:A =3QhGFd  
应改为:most. W1X3ArP]m8  
解释:the most 一般出现在最高级中, 此句most often为固定说法,意为经常 LdG?kbJ&y  
词汇:cereal: 谷类的 x0J W  
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the end. $M,<=.oT  
第三章 副词 'LPyh ;!f  
tm.60udbo  
副词和形容词有着千丝万缕的联系,相当比例的副词都是形容词加后缀-ly构成的,但副词在句中的作用却与形容词有较大区别,需细心领会:副词最主要的功能是作状语,用于修饰动词、形容词、副词、介词短语、甚至整个句子,这些都是形容词不可替代的作用,但切记在TOEFL题中不可修饰名词 9 ;p5z[jI  
副词可大致分为时间副词(如:now, then, recently), 地点副词(如:here, upstairs, everywhere), 方式副词(如:carefully, rapidly, happily), 程度副词(如:much, quite, extremely), 疑问副词(如:how, when, where), 承接副词(如:besides, however, therefore)等等 RVttk )Ny  
副词比较级和最高级的用法基本和形容词相同,形容词比较级的特殊句式同样适用于副词,稍有不同的是副词最高级前的the可用可不用,不用时居多。副词比较级和最高级作为考点的不多,但在题干中多次出现,可留心体会与形容词的区别和联系 C0N}B1-MU  
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第一节 副词修饰动词 1bQO:n):~  
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修饰动词是副词的最主要作用之一,此处动词的含义包括谓语动词、不定式中的动词,被动式或进行时中的分词形式的动词 lr~ |=}^  
例如:You can't possibly arrive there on time. (谓语动词) cWx`y><  
It's inconvenient to contact him directly. (不定式中的动词) T^|k`  
Her composition is frequently referred to as original. (被动式) ]b%U9hmL^f  
改错题中常误用形容词修饰动词,要注意识别 er7(Wph  
例题: !;,\HvEZYw  
(1) =YgH-{  
In the United States, sleds for recreation were first produced commercial in the Pb?vi<ug+  
             A        B    C 4%~*}  
 1870's or thereabouts. tW|0_m>{  
      D V /2NIh  
答案:C J^jd@E  
应改为:commercially &Ril[siw  
解释:形容词commercial不能修饰谓语动词produce, 需改为副词 aUEr& $  
(2) V 9$T=[  
According to anthropologists, the earliest ancestors of humans that stood upright resembled chimpanzees ----, with sloping foreheads and protruding brows. )m;*d7l~p  
(A) facially u*2?Gky  
(B) their faces ;LP3  
(C) having facial n46!H0mJ  
(D) they had faces <L4$f(2  
答案:A rN|=cn  
解释:resemble一词是本句的谓语动词, 已有了宾语chimpanzees, 之后需要的只可能是用来补充说明的非谓语, B、D可先排除; facial是形容词, 不能作have的宾语, 因此C肯定不对; A是副词, 恰好修饰动词作状语 p2 1|  
<<?32r~  
第二节 程度副词much等 YT+b{   
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程度副词much, still, far, a little, a bit 的特殊之处在于:可用来修饰比较级,表示加强或减弱程度。 如: I'm much clearer about the situation now. 41Q 5%2  
She's not a bit more rational than you were. v%T'!(0j/  
注意:much不能加形容词原形代替比较级 E& 6I`8  
比如想说更有耐心:不能够说much patient, 而应该说more patient; 37kFbR@x  
同时more也不能替代much修饰比较级, 46NuT]6/4  
比如要说低得多:不能说more lower , 而应该说much lower; /Z?o%/bw:  
例句:She is far better than me at English. ( 在英语方面她比我好的多) LJ <pE;`d  
例题: M#o.O?.`  
(1) gC2}?nq*  
Watercolors dry more faster than other paints. KHZ[drb6$  
   A    B   C    D \B~ g5}=  
答案:C Hh;lT  
应改为:much faster *tj(,:!  
解释:比较级more不能修饰比较级faster, 应改为程度副词much ULz<P  
(2) *KDTB d  
Reptiles are widely distributed all over the world, but are much abundant in warm HJ]v-  
        A                 B ^,I2 @OS  
  regions and are virtually absent beyond the treeline in the Arctic. ZH\t0YhrVe  
          C     D Vxap+<m  
答案:B /gF)msUF  
应改为:more. 2LUsqL\m}.  
解释:much作为形容词不能修饰另一个形容词, 而作副词时只能修饰形容词比较级, 如much better, much more expensive, 依句意是要将爬行动物在温带地区和寒带地区的分布加以对比, 因此改为比较级more abundant  4 Pc-A  
(3) 6k;5T   
Aluminum is the most abundant metal in the crust of the Earth, but the nonmetals w;ZT-Fti  
         A          B      C 9R8q+2  
oxygen and silicon are more still abundant. 5@>hjXi"Y  
            D p*lP9[7  
考点:程度副词 2{=D)aC$f  
答案:D xK_UkB-$i  
应改为:still more VI4mEq,V  
解释:程度副词still修饰比较级more时,应置于其前,  >I4BysR  
词汇:crust: 地壳 silicon: 硅 I1>f2/$z*  
(4) u|}\Af  
A goose's neck is a tiny longer than that of a duck and not so gracefully curved as a #3 E"Ame  
        A      B          C      D uQdH ():  
swan's. B(Yg1jAe  
考点:程度副词  DlCN  
答案:A LAk .f  
应改为:little Uzvd*>mv  
解释:形容词tiny不能修饰比较级longer, 应改用程度副词a little fpQFNV  
词汇:gracefully: 优雅地, swan: 天鹅
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