改错题常考要点 LoSblV
一、代词 z4b2t}
代词中主要讲解六个问题 /T]2ZX>
(一) 掌握代词的几种格 G)]'>m<y
主格、宾格、所有格 QxH%4 )?
名词前面用代词来修饰,只能用所有格(my books) "6 |j
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(二) 反身代词 ynvU$}w ~'
当主语和宾语表示同一事物时,宾语使用反身代词。 jB!p,fqcb
He killed himself. (他自杀了) 5,})x]'x
He killed him. (他杀了他) rCGXHbj%
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例:Researchers at the University of Colorado are investigating :f
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a series of indicators that could help ,dhJ\cQ~
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themselves to predict earthquakes. f6vhW66:?x
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分析:D错,应改为them。如果用反身代词themselves,指代对象是从句主语that(即名词indicators),这显然是错误的。从句意来看,help的宾语应该是主句主语researchers,故应用代词宾格而不是反身代词。注意C并没有错,情态动词could 比can语气弱,表示较小的可能性。 3}(6z"r
Indicator为征兆,这些征兆帮助他们来预言地震。主语是征兆,后面指研究者,不是同一个事物 5.
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(三) 代词的单复数,代词的性别 U$v|c%6
在考试中如果代词打横线,代词错误的概率是非常高的,因此代词打横线,应该先看代词有没有错。 ^\
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例:The continental divide refers to an imaginary line in the North American Rockies "BT*9N=|
that divides the waters flowing into the Atlantic Ocean from it flowing into the G2qv)7{l2
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Pacific. 0`c|ZzY
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分析:D错,应改为those。D指代复数名词waters, it是单数,显然是错误的,根据习惯故改为those。注意waters一词并没有错,它指江湖河海中的大片水域,可用复数形式。 /N= }wC
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Water作为水是不可数名词,waters表示水域,通常使用复数形式,作主语谓语动词用复数。 60,z! Vv
Work作为工作是不可数名词,work作为作品,可数不可数都可以,例如: >RJjm&M
Many of his works= much of his work, work都表示作品 -fpe
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例:In 1920 the presidential candidate Warren Harding coined W*S}^6ZT`
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the word“normalcy”to express social and GT.1,E,Vw
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economic conditions they promised the nation. 4>
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分析:D错,应改为he。动作promised是由Warren Harding发出来的,故用第三人称单数he来指代。 /2^"c+/'p
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例:Many critics believe that Amy Lwell' s most important }uZ/^_U.
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work is not poetry, but his biography, John -t]3 gCLb
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Keats, published the year of her death. $ UNC0(4
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分析:C错,应改为her。his指男性,显然是错误的,应改为her与后面的her同指Amy Lowell. ]K?;XA3 dZ
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(四) Who和which的区别 5(zdM)Y7
which指代事物或者动物,who指代人 j,n\`7dD$
who/whom son往往要改为whose son, whose可以指代事物 Sq&r
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例:The human body contains more than six hundred muscles who mT:NC'b<9
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account for approximately forty percent of the body weight. rp9?p%
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分析:B错,应改为which或that。先行词不是指人,而是指物,关系代词不能用who,故改为which或that。 zu3Fi= |0
人体前面加定冠词the, account for 占有多大的比例,解释说明 Y5CDdn
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(五) that和which的区别 xi51,y+(5
介词后面使用which, 而不用that, in that除外 Brtsig,4
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例:When television was first introduced, the extent to that it V&*|%,q
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would affect society could not have been foreseen. rFUR9O.{E
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分析:B错,应改为which。The extent to which, 介词加which(引导定语从句),影响社会的程度没有被预见 6hM
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(六) 定语从句的特殊省略 T>f6V 5
Reason后面有定语从句,中间往往省略why, yR?./M!
Time后面有定语从句,中间往往省略when *`}
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I do remember the time I heard the sweetest voice in the wild world. 0 N"N$f
way后面有定语从句,中间省略了in which /GVjesN
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例:Research on pain has been neglected, although the mainly qu1+.z=|
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reason people take medicine is to relieve pain. y XKddD
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分析:B错,应改为main。mainly为副词,不能个饰后面的名词,故改为形容词main。句子中people take medicine修饰reason,定语从句引导词被省略 xP_/5N=f
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例:Commercial expansion from city to suburb has P1AC2<H
affected the way people in the United States----. ~o#mX?'7
(A) living and working 0
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(B) they live and work i(pHJP:a:
(C) live and work p J_+n:_{
(D) to live and to work zBlv?JwG
分析:选择C, the way people....影响了人们生活和工作的方式。 ax>j3HKi
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二、介词 &oMWs]0
介词是考试中出现的比较多的一个部分,而其中考的最多的就是介词的固定搭配问题。由于篇幅问题,我们在这里仅仅举出几个例题,在说明书手册中我们完整的列出了所有的介词搭配,这些列出的搭配在以前的语法题中出现过,只不过有的时候是正确的选项,有的时候重复考。 }^iqhUvT F
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(一) 介词搭配 JLnv O
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例:The teeth in the upper jaw function together those ;RJ
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in the lower jaw to cut, tear, and grind food. Oo@o$\+v
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分析:和…一起,应该为together with,C错 gT_KOO0n
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例:The Allegheny Mountain range is rich of coal. uyxYCc
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分析:B错改为be rich in _yv#v_Z
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例:The rotation of the Earth on its axis is responsible to the s@
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alternation of periods of light and darkness. |g)C `k
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分析:C错,应改为responsible for。形容词responsible后接名词作宾语时要加介词for。 Ztg_='n
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(二) 最重要的两个介词 QM F
1、介词of 多余或者遗漏 L"|Bm{Run
例:Mosquitoes usually lay eggs, singly or in batches, on top stagnant water. m4 (pMrJ
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分析:D错,应改为top of stagnant。on top of …是因定表达法,意为“在…上面”。 9p qsr~
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例:Christopher Plummer is a Canadian actor who has 0cq@lT6
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starred in stage, television, and film productions on ;Zd_2
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both sides the Atlantic Ocean. {h@\C|nF
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分析:D错,应改为sides of the。 sides为名词,the Atlantic Ocean也是名词,中间明显少了一个介词。 2K91E}
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2、介词by ZwS:Te9-
一种情况表示被动,be+过去分词+by sgp.;h'
另一种表示通过……的方式, by doing NS[eQ_rT
例:The ceremony of marriage in the United States XMuZ}u[U
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can be performed from a justice of the peace. ep"[;$Eb
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分析:D错,应改为performed by。谓语动词是被动式,performed的动作执行者应该由介词by来引导。 &u.{]Yjx
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例:Along the east coast ,American Indian women's councils =%X."i1A
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could veto a declaration of war at refusing to 7Jf~Bn
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supply moccasins and field rations. d.wGO]"
分析:D错,应改为by refusing。通过拒绝提供鞋子和粮食,表示通过某种方式做某事要用介词by,故将at refusing 改为by refusing。 /MF
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例:Algebra is the branch of mathematics concerned with >|QH
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operations on sets of numbers or other elements ?F"o+]i+^
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that are often represented at symbols. rOSov"7
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分析:D错,应改为by。动作的发出者应该用介词by来引导。 ( C!p2f
三、谓语动词 #rlgeHG!fs
(一) 谓语动词的主谓一致 lMFR_g?r
①、主谓分割原则 ]Y\$U<YjO
例1:To the citizens of the United States, the bald eagle, <Vhd4c
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America's national bird, symbolize strength and freedom. 0JlNUO5Nt
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分析:C错,应改为symbolizes。主语谓语用逗号分割开,主语the bald eagle为单数,谓语动词也应该用单数形式。 <0CjEsAB]
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②、与后者一致原则 7Jn%XxHq
not…but, 强调but后面的名词, `nPdZ.
not only…but also -b-a21,m>
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③、与前者一致原则 @;/Pl>$|'G
名词+with/together with/as well as/including+复数名词,谓语用is,
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中心词在前面,谓语动词应该与前面的名词保持一致 <o(;~
例:The athlete, together with his coach and ,->ihxf
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several relatives, are traveling to the Olympic Games. HMq}){=S
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分析:D错,与谓语动词与the athlete 保持一致,改为is 2/?Zp=|j\
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④、就近原则 Ik:G5m<ta
or, either…or, neither…nor, "hyfo,r
单数名词+or+复数名词+are KXPCkNIN!
如果把句子变为一般疑问句,也就是把be动词提到前面,那么变为is [c?0Q3F
所以注意一点: 如果是陈述句,靠后面近,用复数 P27Ot1px
如果是疑问句,靠前面近,用单数 k\OZ
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例:The structure or behavior of many protozoans are D2ggFxqe
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amazingly complex for single-celled animals. 0F$|`v
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分析:A错,应改为and。从谓语动词是复数形式判断,主语应该为复数,or连接两个名词时动词和后面的名词保持一致,behavior是用单数形式,因此只有改为并列连词and才能使主谓在数上保持一致。 D^r g-E[L
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⑤定语从句主语就近原则 DwBe_h .
There are five apples that are red. Q
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apples是复数,因此从句谓语动词是复数。 WyV4p
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例:A rocket burns propellant rapidly and most rockets \%r#>8c8
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carry a supply that last just a few seconds. $
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分析:D错,应改为lasts。从句的逻辑主语a supply为单数,其谓语动词应为单数形式。 'bfxQ76@sa
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⑥the +形容词主谓一致 B}
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The rich are not always happier than the poor. hTBJ\1
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The rich 表示一类人,应该用复数 P0UR{tK
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⑦、倒装句的主谓一致 !KV!Tkx h
改错题倒装句的主谓一致一般考两种情况: l"8g9z
a. there be 句型 1XS~b-St
there be+名词+名词,那么最近的名词决定其形式 51}C`j|V3{
b. between/ among 放在句首+be+名词,名词其实是主语,所以be和名词保持一致 -t_&H\_T
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例:There are no known society in which left-handed people predominate. /8Lb_QH{
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分析:there be 句型由最近的名词决定其形式,society当然用单数,A错,there are 改为there is I>MLI=[Kg
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例:Between the foothills of the Andes and the Pacific ~&/Nl_#
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Ocean are a dry coastal strip averaging about 30 c'$y_]
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miles in width. zRh)q,Dt
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分析:倒装句,are改为is r0z8?
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例:Among the favorite attractions at the National Air and 1xxTI{'g[
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Space Museum in Washington D.C. are the film |$8N*7UD
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presented on the five-story-tall screen. ^g'uR@uU
分析:D错,应改为films , 主语实际上是名词,应该与谓语动词保持一致。 KYhL}C+
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⑧、百分比结构的主谓一致 iR4"I7J
fifty percent of + 名词 MO]zf3f!
one percent of + 名词 -6q7ze{@
谓语动词的形式和百分比多少没有关系,主要取决于后面的名词,比如: <{V{
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one percent of my students + are 45+kwo0
fifty percent of my time is spent on working. X56.Y.
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这里要强调两个结构 s_u!
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half of =fifty percent @C'qbO{
most of + 可数名词 + are CJ;D&qo
most of + 不可数名词+ is &WbHM)_n
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例:Nearly half of the ancient meteor craters has been 3qfQlqJ&3
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found in central and eastern Canada. T.!.3B$@]
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分析:C错,应改为have been。介词of的宾语为复数名词短语,作主语的中心词half当然表复数,相应的谓语动词应为复数形式。 En+`ZcA\z
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例:Approximately fifty percent of the package utilized Mc|UD*Z
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in the United States are for foods and beverages. GQkI7C
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分析:A错,应改为packages。从谓语动词用复数形式判断出主语是复数名词。注意food用复数表示不同种类的食品,beverage用复数表示不同种类的饮料,故(C)、(D)均没有错。 g dBH\K (\
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(二) 谓语动词的时态 7baQ4QY?n
①、主要考察时间状语 x8rp Z
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例 The metal aluminum has been first isolated early in the nineteenth century. |P=-m-W
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分析:Metal, aluminum同位语,in the nineteenth century为明显表示过去时间的状语, 因此应该用过去时态,把has been改为was a/
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②、For和since的区别 p?sC</R
区别一:For 后面使用时间段,since 后面使用时间点 >^KO5N-:4
区别二:Since 只能用在现在完成时态,For 最主要用在现在完成时和一般过去时 xcl8q:
I has been a teacher for three years. v+`gQXJ"G
I has been a teacher since 1996. TzY[-YlvF
I was a teacher for three years. 这种表达可以,for three years表示一段时间,was 表示过去做了三年,现在不是老师了 [,ns/*f3R
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例: Since 1921 the budget of the United States became vZt48g
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the primary responsibility of the president. Dj@7vM%_
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分析:A错,应改 In. since一般要求主句用完成时态,而句中谓语动词为过去式,其时间状语应与之呼应,故改Since为In。 5"9!kZ(<
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例:Adella Prentiss Hrghes served as manager of aRF}FE,u
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the Cleveland Orchestra since fifteen years. ?Q%X,!~\:
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分析:D错,应改为for。since引导时间状语时,主句谓语动词为一般完成时;主句谓语动词为一般过去时要用介词for;而且一段时间用for, 而不是since。 rOd~sa-H
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52. In general, prawns lived in shallow coastal waters or in streams. u3ns-e
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自然现象和客观事实用一般现在时态,live a6i%7O m
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(三) 谓语的语态 w4e
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语态主要表示是主动语态还是被动语态。
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有四组动词是改错题中常考的: y)e8pPDG
①、prove %d#h<e|,.
My advice proved to be wrong. 我的建议被证明是错的 Y<0R5rO
尽管是被证明,但习惯上用主动; SV0h'd(
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例:A majority of the reports received from people claiming !O}^ Y
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to have seen the legendary Loch Ness Monster have proven to be VuWBWb?0Q
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mistakes, misconceptions, or they were being tricked.
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分析:D错,应改为tricks。并列连词 or在此连接名词,如果把D理解为并列句,不仅时态不对,语义也有问题,故将整个句子改为名词。have proven to be是正确的。 [Y_CRxa\u
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②、Locate,Situate 3q*p#l~
这两个词可以用作主动,表示把…放置在…地方;确定…的位置 zt|DHVy
Bats locate obstacles.蝙蝠确定障碍物的位置 nkAS]sC
这两个词也可以用作被动 3BzC'nplm
My school was located near the river. Z& W*@(dX
区分locate的主动和被动比较难,但是有一个技巧存在:locate如果用作主动,后面必须跟宾语 9O2??N7f
例:The center of gravity of the human body ---- behind the hip joint. U1^3 &N8
(A)locates ]]^eIjg>a6
(B)locating ]oIP;J:&
(C)to locate @&xWd{8'
(D)is located '`nf7b(
分析:空格处显然缺谓语动词,故首先排除不能作谓语的B和C。动词locate后面没有宾语,所以用作被动,表示“位于”,所以D为正确选项。 cWS 0B $$
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③、表示需要概念的动词 D(&XmC[\Y
need, want, require等 tR`^c8gD
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My watch needed repairing )N'rYS'9
My watch needed to be repaired. PyQ
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④、表示人的情感的动词 #)b0&wyW6i
move, annoy, surprise, please等 }2+*E}g
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He is so moving. 他令人感到感动。 Yx"un4
He is greatly moved. 他感到非常感动。 P?/Mrz
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主动和被动技巧总结: @T@lHc
如果句子中有一个“过去分词+by”, 如果断定它是谓语的话,前面必然有be动词 ,LftQ1*;
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例:The Tennessee Valley Authority has chartered by the @tzL4hy%^j
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United States Congress in 1933 to construct dams, ]gjB%R[.m
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power structures, and flood-control works along JS2
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the Tennessee River and its tributary streams. Q nmv?YXS
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分析:A错,应改为has been chartered。由信号词by可知前面的谓语动词为被动语态形式。 5
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四、非谓语动词 P={8qln,X
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(一) 分词 S pIdw0
现在分词和过去分词的区别 [Ufx=BPx3
①、用于句首作状语,现在分词表示主动,过去分词表示被动 MHPh!
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例:Won its war for independence in 1783, the United States then #,CK;h9jy!
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struggled to establish its own economic and financial system. 4 zhg#
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分析:分词作状语,主要看是主动还是被动,美国赢得应该是主动,所以A错,改won为winning A Qm!7,
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②、用于名词后面作后置定语,现在分词表示主动,过去分词表示被动 vocWV/
例:In the nineteenth century the Mohave Indians lived in ?5j}&Y3
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the Northern Hemisphere grew their crops on river bottom lands. ICD;a
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分析:B错,生活在什么地方的人,人生活是主动,因此改为living ^8V8,C)
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一些动词后面必须用doing ]S7>=S
对于加doing的词来说,考试中一般出现一个,下面这些词都是要加doing的,请考生牢记。 'cPE7uNT
mind, finish, enjoy, celebrate, o]TKL
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advocate, suggest PrvV]#O
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delay, quit S<81r2LT
forgive(原谅),tolerate, g=e~YM85
avoid, escape(逃避) (w1$m8`=
spend+名词+doing; ZmAo
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have trouble/difficult/a problem/ +doing tQ,3nI!|xF
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例:Long before the dawn of recorded history, humans celebrated to harvest their *?YMoN
A B C D UO4
z
~
crops. ,'%*z
分析:D错,应改为harvesting。及物动词celebrate直接带名词、名词短语或动名词短语作宾语,故将to harvest改为harvesting。 Jvr`9<`
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例:Some experts have advocated to bring that country into the talks, @ +yjt'B
A B ,qwV
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to revive the intermittent dialogue that began after the 1967 Middle East War. @*=eqO
C D 46D_K
分析:A错,advocate 后面直接跟doing, 改为advocate bringing Q.g44>
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(二) 不定式 q"VC#97`
A. 动词不定式的省略 ?0?+~0sI
①、help后面可以省略to 4VP$,|a
help to do #D^(dz*
help sb. to do "0m\y+%8
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例:A good exercise program helps teach people to avoid AA5UOg\jI
A B 5`)[FCQ
the habits that might shorten the lives. 8TCbEPS@Q
C D $|VD+[jSV
分析:D错,应改为their. 定冠词在句中不如代词所有格明确,如果lives后面有定语就可以用the。注意(A)并没有错,help后面可以接不带to的不定式。 7ZFd;-
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②、使役动词后面要省略to, 这样的动词只有三个 H](TSt<Q"
make, G\|P3j
let, #YK=e&da
have sb. do sth T1c&3
注意get不是使役动词,get sb. to do sth. b&!x.+d-z
例:A conductor used signals and gestures to let the musicians O
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A B ,"Nb;Yhg
to know when to play various parts of a composition. 6c*QBzNL
C D LRPdA "Z
分析:let是使役动词,后面不需要to, C改为know nQ;M@k&9eV
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③、感官动词 6t'vzcQs
hear, feel, watch, see, notice, observe ?:Rw[T@
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see sb do sth. 强调过程 QURpg/<U
see sb doing sth 正在做某事 %8l
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B. 动词不定式的固定用法 gP?.io9Oi
(1)表示第一人 p5#UH
the first woman to do sth. 1WAps#b.
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(2)表示迫使的动词 G3gEL)b*
一般考三个, allow/ enable/ call, +sb. + to do vgN%vw pL
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例:Besides providing clues to the nature of atoms, mineral analysis
\1?:
A B >uwd3
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allows to speculate geologists about the ancient Earth. +krDmU9(
C D Ha~}NO
分析:allow...to do是固定短语,allow的宾语应在不定式之前,即把C改为: allow geologists to speculate。 R?8/qGSVqJ
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(3)表示倾向…的形容词 U\6Ee-1#_
be more likely to do 更有可能作某事 +z+u=)I
be inclined to do倾向于做某事 VTn6@z_ x
be lieable to do 易于…的 xvW# ~T
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be apt to do Gy!bPVe
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(4)表示目的的名词, [~k!wipK
一共有7个这样的词,这一条也是最重要的。 59k-,lyU,
固定的句式: Fr1OzS^&(
the purpose , the purpose of sth is to do sth. .}3K9.hkr
the objective 目标 cL:hjr"
aim ^o Q^/v~
goal 1V;,ZGI*
reason理由 yS@xyW /
function功能 Hf9F:yH
intension意图 [#/@v/`
8:jakOeT
例:The function of Louis Sullivan's architecture was providing w>&g'
A 3'[
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large uninterrupted floor areas and to allow ample light into the interior. E*8).'S%k
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分析:the function to provide, A错 =5#sB*
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例:The chief goal of biochemistry is for understanding the structure Fy^MI*}BZ
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and behavior of the carbon-containing compounds K"VRHIhfg
B Vn6]h|vm
that make up various components of a living cell. M(<.f}yZQ
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分析:the chief goal is to understand, A错 D@yu2}F{IY
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(5) 其他同根名词 myDcr|j-a
ability to do 受到be able to 的影响 N@\`DO
attempt to do 企图 ]gDX~]f[
decision to do 决定, 受decide的影响 nmUMg
ambition, N
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be ambitious to do Pa
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effort `h$^=84
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例:For ancient people, myths were often attempts explanation Io7o*::6iw
A B #~6au6LMC
catastrophic events such as volcanic eruptions. nSB@xP#&
C D swG!O}29OX
分析:B错,应改为to explain。 attempts后应跟动词不定式短语表目的,故将名词explanation改为to explain。 MLt'tzgl
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例:In the early 1960's the Civil Rights movement made great T&s}~S=m
A B Un\
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efforts for registering members of minorities to vote. 0v'!(&m
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分析:efforts to register, C错 (zIIC"~5
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C. 动词不定式的其他用法 *&~wl(+O=
(1) be to do 表示已安排好或者注定要发生的动作,属于将来时态的范畴 0i/!nke.
She and Anne are to meet at two o'clock. "UTAh6[3oD
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(2)不定式的完成式为“to have done”,表示不定式的动作在谓语动作之前发生,这个完成式通常表示一般过去时 &T\,kq>)
I am glad to see you. )P
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I am glad to have seen your mother yesterday. X"O^4MnvI
yesterday是一般过去时,修饰have seen. Q'Vejz/
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(3) 形容词后面使用动词不定式,主动表示被动 ::8c pUc`f
It is difficult to decide. y\c-I!6>26
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五、句子的结构 ^4[|&E:
句子的结构主要考查四个出题方向。 c<]~q1
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(一) 主语的重复 5nv1%48Ri
名词+代词+谓语,这个代词永远是重复的主语,永远是错的 0:qR,NW^#
例:Woodrow Wilson he was an idealist who refused to make any @"'$e_jj"
A B FFpG>+*3
compromises concerning the establishment of the <^fvTb &*
C D c`xgz#
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League of Nations. X^9eCj;c
分析:代词he不是同位语,主语重复;如果是下面这样的主语,那么便是主语同位语 tLo_lLn*~%
A prolific writer, Woodrow Wilson p5JRG2zt
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例:Two unique features of the Arctic they are ; )rXQm
A B Qs7*_=+h
lack of precipitation and permanently frozen ground. i;mA|
C D l{4rKqtX
分析:选项B中的they和前面的主语two unique features重复 %)p?&_
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(二)谓语的重复 aYws{Vii
完整的句子后面又多了一个谓语,往往改为定语从句 Ji7<UJ30x
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例:A paragraph is a portion of a text consists of Sgq?r-Q.
A B eH^~r{{R
one or more sentences related to the same idea. %hCd*[Z}j
C D #8@o%%Fd
分析:B错,应改为consisting of或which consists of。句中有两个无法连接的谓语动词,而且前一个谓语动词下面没有划线,故改consists为非谓语动词形式或在它前面加which使之成为从句谓语动词。 osZ]R
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(三)谓语的缺少 +~f=L- >
例:Most mammals to maintain a relatively constant body YuFR*W;$
A B J+
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temperature, regardless of what the air temperature might be. -T{G8@V0I
C D Hp5.jor(k
分析:A错,应改为maintain。句中缺谓语动词,故去掉不定式符号to 使maintain变成谓语动词。 "? ON0u9
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(四)主句的重复 BV=~!tsl
主句的重复总是考even, instead, during, despite等引导的句子, 但是实际上它们无法把两个句子连接起来,因为它们都是副词或者介词,连接两个句子应该用连接词连接 f[wxt n'r
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例:Salmon spend most of their adult lives in salt water, despite ?}"39n
A B C ZY=a[K
they return to their freshwater birthplaces to spawn and die. y3OF+;E
D Ticx]_+~T
分析:C错,应改为though。despite是介词,后面一般接名词作宾语,而在句中它后面却跟着一个完整的句子,所以改为连词though。 wEC,Mbn
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例:Solar eclipses occur during the Moon's shadow sW@_' Lw
A B <nc6&+
sweeps across the face of the Earth. Q)=LbR{#
C D iF
Zq oz
分析:B错,应改为when或as。介词不能引导条件状语从句,根据题意改为从属连词when或as。 MI)v@_1d
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例:Even many early leaders of the United States have provided L
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A B f$ 7C 5
names for towns, only George Washington us+z8Mz
C f
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is remembered in the name of a state. 2'u%
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分析:A错,应改为Even though。even为副词,不能引导从句,根据题意,改为引导让步状语从句的Even though。 3S"
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六、比较级和最高级 9{
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比较级和最高级的出题非常有规则,一共有5个出题方向,并且每次考试必然考两个 N(V_P[]"*,
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(一) 比较级或最高级形式上的重复 aYn5AP'PH
例:The most easiest process for mining gold is panning, which Zz"8
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involves using a circular dish with a small pocket at the bottom. .><-XJ
B C D G"w
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分析:A错,应改为easiest。easiest本身已是最高级,不必再用most,这是最高级形式上的重复 =#=}|Q}
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(二)比较级和最高级之间的混用 L9-Jwy2(>
例:The greenest and plentifulest leaves are the leaves of grasses. +P8CC fPu
A B C D [>t;P,
分析:B错,应改为most plentiful。 plentiful是多音节形容词,须在前面加most构成最高级。 +abb[
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例:The more fearsome of all the animals in the Western Hemisphere "=1gA~T
A B C D hz*T"HJ]t
is the grizzly bear. 'v9M``
分析:A错,应该用最高级most,含有介词of, among, in 表示的范围状语使用最高级。 Q6D>(H#"0
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(三)比较词than的前面一定要有比较级 xy
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改错题中,通常会看见than前面有一个原级 Tgax ZW
+80bG(I_
例:Film directors can take far great liberties in dealing with |'z24 :8
A B = pn;b1=
concepts of time and space than stage directors can. mt$rjk=
C D m#8(l{3|
分析:B错,应改为greater。根据后面有than一词可以判定前面的形容词用比较级形式,注意far, much 修饰比较级。 ]E$NJq|
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(四)在as…as以及否定not so…as, not as…as的中间使用形容词原级 $}{[_2
as sweeter as, 这是不对的,应改为as sweet as lg8@^Pm$r;
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(五)the 和比较级最高级的关系 R?{xs
①、比较级前面可以出现the, 修饰后面的名词 :L@n(buRN
the taller boy fLqjBG]
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②、副词的最高级加不加the均可以 bm 4RRI
例:Although flies live longest in cool temperatures, it breed 3qn_9f ]
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prolifically when temperatures are warm, food is ZnRT$
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abundant, and humidity is moderate. ge1. HG
C D ?tL' X
分析:副词的最高级加不加the均可, 所以A正确,从从句的主语可以看出,B应该改为they eG1V:%3
| bRU=dg
③、形容词的最高级作定语前面必须使用the, 如果不作定语的话,加不加the均可以 Yj1|]i5b
例:Of all the Native Americans in the United States, nAWb9Yk
A B C ^h$*7u"^y
the Navajos form largest group. tiE|%jOzt
D KD,3U/3
分析:D错,应改为form the largest。形容词最高级前面要加定冠词。 vhbHt_!u&
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陷阱1, earliest, 有两种可能, Hp04apM:
一种可能是early的最高级,最早的语言,the earliest language p|.5;)%|
另一种可能作名词,表示早期,必须和时间的名词连用,earliest time, earliest ages, 表示很早的年代,很早的时代,也就是说,如果以后碰上earliest后面加上times, ages, 前面不用加the XQ9W
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例:The belief in fairies have existed from earliest times, and the literature of many W/bW=.d
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A B C PXYLLX\3
countries includes tales of fairies and their relationship to humans. Z::I3 Q
D G~8BND[."
分析:A错,应改为has existed。主语是单数名词the belief,而不是复数名词fairies,故谓语动词是单数形式。earliest times表示表示很早的时代是正确的。 tngB;9c+w
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陷阱2,如果最高级前面有所有格的话,不用加the G|f9l?p
例如:my best friends zplv.cf#q
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例:Salt Lake City, Utah's capital and largest city, is industrial 9GH5
A B C v,ZYh w
and banking center. wK-VA$;:
D Pgr2S I
分析:C错,应改为is an industrial center。center为可数名词,它的修饰词前面应有不定冠词。 qisvGHo
Utah's largest city, 题目中其实是省略了Utah's。 H]R/=OYBUh
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例:Faults in the Earth's crust are most evidently in sedimentary /RJ
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formations, where they interrupt previously continuous layers. 1 ;$XX#7o
B C D
9y*] {IY
分析:A错,are的表语必须用evident, 为什么不加the, 因为作表语,而不是定语 ud`-w
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七、平行结构 ][S q^5`
改错题考的最多的一个方向便是平行结构 nUP, Yd
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(一) 对等连接词 >N Bc-DX^
一共有三类连接平行结构的词 pz
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单一式: and, or ,but )*]A$\Oc[
相关式: both…and, not … but, :>fT=$i@
either …or, neither…nor JPqd}:u3
the same…as;as…as, not so…as, not as…as +-@n}xb@
such …as, so …that.. too…to, from…to, from…until, between…and, %i9 e<.Ot
not only…but also(also可以省略),Not only +主谓,also e%JI
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not only…but also(also可以省略)+as well, K|Sq_/#+U
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短语式: as well as /9R0}4i7
rather than (而不是) U*r54AyP
other than (除…之外) $os]$5(
instead of (代替) V6][*.i!9
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考试的方式往往是搭配中有一个单词是对的,另一个单词却不对 A7X
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例:John lived in New York since 1960 to 1975, f=l/Fp}4UH
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but he is now living in Detroit. =-si|
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分析:B错,应改为from。“从某年到某年”要用“from…to…”这个表达法,不能用since …to…。 n=<c_a)Nb
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例:Even as he wrote copiously on so diverse topics t<8)h8eW
A B ;W?#l$R
as education ,politics ,and religion ,Lewis Mumford 0V~zZ/e
remained active in city and regional planning. h vYRAQR:
C D [MpWvLP"x
分析:B错, 改为such diverse topics as, 出现as, 往往要注意前面一半 0/)2RmF
(二)平行的内容
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第一、引导词性的平行,词性的平行本质上是语法作用的平行
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例:Photoperiodism is the functional or behavioral response of \V$qAfP)
A B +|LM"
an organism to changes in duration of daily, seasonally, <,)R`90_X6
C D a dqS.xs
or yearly periods of light and darkness. x:FZEyalG
分析:D错,应改为seasonal。在daily, seasonally和yearly三个并列的词中,daily和yearly是形容词,seasonally是副词,故改为形容词seasonal,共同修饰名词periods,三个形容词的平行,词性平行 zQyI4RHG[
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第二、名词单复数的平行 w7@`:W
但是如果既有可数名词,又有不可数名词,可以不平行 i3w~&y-
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例:The main advertising media include direct mail, "TA0--6
A B C =%m{|HQ`
radio, television, magazines, and newspaper. I}_}VSG(
D s0iG|vw
分析:D错,应改为newspapers。newspaper为可数名词,在没有任何前置修饰语的情况下一般用复数形式,并且和前面的magazine平行,而mail, radio, television则是不可数名词。 ~M}{rl.n=
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例:The Canadian province of Newfoundland has a rocky coast, a moisture climate, relt7 sK
A B zGtJ@HbB
and probably the best cod-fishing areas in the world. QCbD^
C D 1Vu#:6%
分析:海岸气候只有一个,但是钓鱼的地方可以有许多个,所以也是不可数名词和名词复数的平行;因此D没有错,A错改为have mXz*Gi
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第三、时态的平行 I>;{BYPV
例:The poet Marianne Moore was initially associated <Mbh
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A AXlVH%'
with the imagist movement , but later develops :IZAdlz[@
B 8._uw
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her own thyme patterns and verse forms. p}QDX*/sSu
C D [OCjYC`
分析:B错,应改为developed。句中前半部分谓语为过去时,与之并列的谓语也应用过去时。 rQ.zqr
f8;?WSGyD2
例:Because the papaya grows readily from seed , ----- vclc%ws
spread from its home in Central America and >=0]7k;
now grows throughout the tropics. _Q1p_sdg
(A) to be (B) it #+ch
(C) the (D) its _{jC?rzb
分析:正确答案为(B)。空格前是原因状语从句,后面紧接着是谓语动词,空格处明显缺主句主语。四个选项中只有B能单独作主语。注意spread是过去式,没有数的变化,因为这一动作明显发生在过去时间。spread 和grows为什么时态可以不平行呢? {IgH0+z
原来它在Central America 的家乡传播,现在在整个地方传播,now只修饰后面的grow 5R
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例:Ducks have been domesticated for many centuries ---- 6Hnez @d
commercially for their meat and eggs. 'JOCL0FP
(A) raised (B) and are raised BzfR8mD
(C) raised as (D) are raised K%dQ;C*?
分析:正确答案为B。空格前是一个完整的句子,根据一个空格处如再出现谓语动词一定要有连词这一原则,B为惟一符合条件的选项。故选(B)。 a<&K^M&
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第四、排列位置的平行 jc"sPr v5
例:---the surface of metal, but also weakens it. 4J5 zSTw
(A) Not only does rust corrode &b|RoPV
(B) Not only rust corrodes YD[HBF)~j
(C) Rust, which not only corrodes ` Tap0V
(D) Rust not only corrodes `TPIc
分析:正确答案为D。从but also放在动词前可知,not only也须置于动词前,故选D。A、B中的Not only位置放错了,C使句子缺主句,故排除。
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对于not only, but also的用法有以下几种: ]`)5 Qe4
1、主语+not only +谓语,but also+谓语,正确;例如上面例题中的第四个选项。 q=W.82.U
2、Not only +主谓,but also+主谓,正确 AAQ!8!
3、Not only +主语+谓语,but also+谓语,错误 ^UKAD'_#%O
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八、词序的颠倒 Aars\
词序的颠倒一般只考一道,90%的情况集中于下面三个出题方向 {N}az"T4f
(一) 先说形容词,再说名词 Ef`'r))
例:The Medal of Honor is the highest award military for courage >T]9.`xhK
A B ?XY'<