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楼主  发表于: 2007-09-22   

考博语法攻略大全

改错题常考要点 LoSblV  
一、代词 z4b2t}  
代词中主要讲解六个问题 /T]2ZX>  
(一) 掌握代词的几种格 G)]'>m<y  
  主格、宾格、所有格 QxH%4 )?  
  名词前面用代词来修饰,只能用所有格(my books) "6 |j 0?Q  
>A|(mc  
(二) 反身代词 ynvU$}w ~'  
当主语和宾语表示同一事物时,宾语使用反身代词。 jB!p,fqcb  
  He killed himself. (他自杀了) 5,})x]'x  
  He killed him. (他杀了他) rCGXHbj%  
R2vT\ 6xv  
例:Researchers at the University of Colorado are investigating  :f G5?])  
    A                 B    bGOOC?[UX  
  a series of indicators that could help ,dhJ\cQ~  
             C      nICc}U?k  
  themselves to predict earthquakes. f6vhW66:?x  
    D W @`2+}  
分析:D错,应改为them。如果用反身代词themselves,指代对象是从句主语that(即名词indicators),这显然是错误的。从句意来看,help的宾语应该是主句主语researchers,故应用代词宾格而不是反身代词。注意C并没有错,情态动词could 比can语气弱,表示较小的可能性。 3}(6z"r  
Indicator为征兆,这些征兆帮助他们来预言地震。主语是征兆,后面指研究者,不是同一个事物 5. 5<.")  
Z8E-(@`q5Q  
(三) 代词的单复数,代词的性别 U$v|c%6  
在考试中如果代词打横线,代词错误的概率是非常高的,因此代词打横线,应该先看代词有没有错。 ^\ A[^' 9  
[~*5uSG  
例:The continental divide refers to an imaginary line in the North American Rockies "BT*9N=|  
  that divides the waters flowing into the Atlantic Ocean from it flowing into the G2qv)7{l2  
     A   B      C          D ">cLPXX  
  Pacific. 0`c|ZzY  
Su?e\7aj  
分析:D错,应改为those。D指代复数名词waters, it是单数,显然是错误的,根据习惯故改为those。注意waters一词并没有错,它指江湖河海中的大片水域,可用复数形式。 /N= }wC  
V5:ad  
Water作为水是不可数名词,waters表示水域,通常使用复数形式,作主语谓语动词用复数。 60,z!Vv  
Work作为工作是不可数名词,work作为作品,可数不可数都可以,例如: >RJjm&M  
  Many of his works= much of his work, work都表示作品 -fpe  
0DtewN{Z  
例:In 1920 the presidential candidate Warren Harding coined W*S}^6ZT`  
                       A   _PT5  
  the word“normalcy”to express social and GT.1,E ,Vw  
             B Y`F)UwKK  
   economic conditions they promised the nation. 4> k"$l/:  
   C       D 5~D(jHY;  
分析:D错,应改为he。动作promised是由Warren Harding发出来的,故用第三人称单数he来指代。 /2^"c+/'p  
]1hyvm3  
例:Many critics believe that Amy Lwell' s most important }uZ/^_U.  
        A     4>^LEp  
  work is not poetry, but his biography, John -t]3 gCLb  
   B        C       :o~]FVf  
  Keats, published the year of her death.  $UNC0 (4  
      D q QcQnd2K  
分析:C错,应改为her。his指男性,显然是错误的,应改为her与后面的her同指Amy Lowell. ]K?;XA3dZ  
'tTUro1~  
[Ef6@  
(四) Who和which的区别 5(zdM)Y7  
which指代事物或者动物,who指代人 j,n\`7dD$  
who/whom son往往要改为whose son, whose可以指代事物 Sq&r ;  
1aI&jdJk  
例:The human body contains more than six hundred muscles who mT:NC'b<9  
              A            B M"Dv -#f  
  account for approximately forty percent of the body weight. rp9?p%  
   C                  D 0=0,ix7?#  
分析:B错,应改为which或that。先行词不是指人,而是指物,关系代词不能用who,故改为which或that。 zu3Fi = |0  
人体前面加定冠词the, account for 占有多大的比例,解释说明 Y5CDdn  
6k_Uq.<X  
(五) that和which的区别 xi51,y+(5  
介词后面使用which, 而不用that, in that除外 Brts ig,4  
Vwu dNjL  
例:When television was first introduced, the extent to that it V&*|%,q   
              A        B ({ O~O5k  
  would affect society could not have been foreseen. rFUR9O.{E  
      C              D i;rcg d  
分析:B错,应改为which。The extent to which, 介词加which(引导定语从句),影响社会的程度没有被预见 6hM KAk  
\TZSn1isZX  
(六) 定语从句的特殊省略 T>f6V 5  
Reason后面有定语从句,中间往往省略why, yR? ./M!  
Time后面有定语从句,中间往往省略when *`} !{ Mb  
   I do remember the time I heard the sweetest voice in the wild world. 0 N"N$f  
way后面有定语从句,中间省略了in which /GVjesN  
Esu {c9,  
例:Research on pain has been neglected, although the mainly qu1+.z=|  
              A         B   nK32or3  
  reason people take medicine is to relieve pain. y XKddD  
         C      D G^N@ r:RS  
分析:B错,应改为main。mainly为副词,不能个饰后面的名词,故改为形容词main。句子中people take medicine修饰reason,定语从句引导词被省略 xP_/5N=f  
4(*PM&'R  
例:Commercial expansion from city to suburb has  P1AC2<H  
  affected the way people in the United States----. ~o#mX?'7  
   (A) living and working 0 zK{)HZ  
   (B) they live and work i(pHJP:a:  
   (C) live and work p J_+n:_{  
   (D) to live and to work zBlv?JwG  
分析:选择C, the way people....影响了人们生活和工作的方式。 ax>j3HKi  
qC{JsX`~  
二、介词 &oMWs]0  
介词是考试中出现的比较多的一个部分,而其中考的最多的就是介词的固定搭配问题。由于篇幅问题,我们在这里仅仅举出几个例题,在说明书手册中我们完整的列出了所有的介词搭配,这些列出的搭配在以前的语法题中出现过,只不过有的时候是正确的选项,有的时候重复考。 }^iqhUvT F  
:^PksR  
(一) 介词搭配 JLnv O  
Jn ^b}bk t  
例:The teeth in the upper jaw function together those ;RJ 8h x  
    A         B   C      7]xDMu'^&f  
  in the lower jaw to cut, tear, and grind food. Oo@o$\+v  
                D n'v\2(&uYN  
分析:和…一起,应该为together with,C错 gT_KOO0n  
S@qR~_>a  
例:The Allegheny Mountain range is rich of coal. uyxYCc  
A       B     C  D HK8sn1j  
分析:B错改为be rich in _yv#v_Z  
P2a5<#_|  
例:The rotation of the Earth on its axis is responsible to the s@ r{TXEn  
    A         B      C 8rH6L:]S  
  alternation of periods of light and darkness. |g)C `k  
             D *u1q7JFQk  
分析:C错,应改为responsible for。形容词responsible后接名词作宾语时要加介词for。 Ztg_='n  
Ha`N   
b/'c h  
(二) 最重要的两个介词 QM F   
1、介词of 多余或者遗漏 L"|Bm{Run  
例:Mosquitoes usually lay eggs, singly or in batches, on top stagnant water. m4 (p MrJ  
          A      B  C     D ={ )85N  
分析:D错,应改为top of stagnant。on top of …是因定表达法,意为“在…上面”。 9pqsr~  
Z 5>~l  
例:Christopher Plummer is a Canadian actor who has 0cq@lT6  
                 A  B     93H Vx#  
  starred in stage, television, and film productions on ;Z d_2 CZ  
      C W5 F\e[Ax5  
  both sides the Atlantic Ocean. {h@\C|nF  
      D [j+:2@  
分析:D错,应改为sides of the。 sides为名词,the Atlantic Ocean也是名词,中间明显少了一个介词。 2K91E}  
jW\:+Taq  
2、介词by ZwS:Te9-  
一种情况表示被动,be+过去分词+by sgp.;h'  
另一种表示通过……的方式, by doing NS[eQ_rT  
例:The ceremony of marriage in the United States XMuZ}u[U  
    A         B       (`.OS)&  
   can be performed from a justice of the peace. ep"[; $Eb  
   C     D JXK\mah  
分析:D错,应改为performed by。谓语动词是被动式,performed的动作执行者应该由介词by来引导。 &u.{]Yjx  
!CGX\cvW  
例:Along the east coast ,American Indian women's councils =%X."i1A  
   A                      q H}8TC  
   could veto a declaration of war at refusing to 7Jf~Bn  
     B    C       D =Z^5'h~  
   supply moccasins and field rations. d. wGO]"  
分析:D错,应改为by refusing。通过拒绝提供鞋子和粮食,表示通过某种方式做某事要用介词by,故将at refusing 改为by refusing。 /MF 7ZvN.  
c@t?R$c  
例:Algebra is the branch of mathematics concerned with >|QH I d8  
        A                H#TkIFo]  
  operations on sets of numbers or other elements ?F"o+]i+^  
        B          C   Qg*\aa94  
  that are often represented at symbols. rOSov"7  
              D =0)|psCsM  
分析:D错,应改为by。动作的发出者应该用介词by来引导。 ( C!p2f  
三、谓语动词 #rlgeHG!fs  
(一) 谓语动词的主谓一致 lMFR_g?r  
①、主谓分割原则 ]Y\$U<YjO  
例1:To the citizens of the United States, the bald eagle, <Vhd4c  
     A     v Y[s#*+  
   America's national bird, symbolize strength and freedom. 0JlNUO5Nt  
        B      C      D Z=JKBoAY  
分析:C错,应改为symbolizes。主语谓语用逗号分割开,主语the bald eagle为单数,谓语动词也应该用单数形式。 <0CjEsAB]  
KL&/Yt   
②、与后者一致原则 7Jn%XxHq  
not…but, 强调but后面的名词, `n PdZ.  
not only…but also -b-a21,m>  
n7!T{+ge  
2 2v"?*  
③、与前者一致原则 @;/Pl>$|'G  
名词+with/together with/as well as/including+复数名词,谓语用is, 9Dx~! (  
中心词在前面,谓语动词应该与前面的名词保持一致 <o(;~  
例:The athlete, together with his coach and ,->ihxf  
     A      B  C     /@9Q:'P  
  several relatives, are traveling to the Olympic Games. HMq}){=S  
         D Z0<Vss  
分析:D错,与谓语动词与the athlete 保持一致,改为is 2/?Zp=|j\  
uN%Cc12  
④、就近原则 Ik:G5m<ta  
or, either…or, neither…nor, "hyfo,r  
单数名词+or+复数名词+are KXPCkNIN!  
如果把句子变为一般疑问句,也就是把be动词提到前面,那么变为is ?0Q3F  
所以注意一点: 如果是陈述句,靠后面近,用复数 P27Ot1px  
        如果是疑问句,靠前面近,用单数 k \OZ 'dS  
.O- )m' 5  
例:The structure or behavior of many protozoans are D2ggFxqe  
        A      B        9wL2NC31Q  
  amazingly complex for single-celled animals. 0F$|`v "0  
    C              D !@z9n\Yj  
分析:A错,应改为and。从谓语动词是复数形式判断,主语应该为复数,or连接两个名词时动词和后面的名词保持一致,behavior是用单数形式,因此只有改为并列连词and才能使主谓在数上保持一致。 D^r g-E[L  
:DH@zR  
⑤定语从句主语就近原则 DwBe_h.  
There are five apples that are red. Q 8]X  
apples是复数,因此从句谓语动词是复数。 WyV4p  
Q4mtfpiDx  
例:A rocket burns propellant rapidly and most rockets \%r#>8c8  
      A            Rxy|Ag/I;V  
  carry a supply that last just a few seconds. $ DN.  
   B   C    D ,.Gp_BI  
分析:D错,应改为lasts。从句的逻辑主语a supply为单数,其谓语动词应为单数形式。 'bfxQ76@sa  
IsE&k2 SD  
⑥the +形容词主谓一致 B} qRz  
The rich are not always happier than the poor. hTBJ\1 -  
The rich 表示一类人,应该用复数 P0UR{tK  
n^' d8Y(  
⑦、倒装句的主谓一致 !KV!Tkx h  
改错题倒装句的主谓一致一般考两种情况: l"8g9z  
a. there be 句型 1XS~b-St  
there be+名词+名词,那么最近的名词决定其形式 51}C`j|V3{  
b. between/ among 放在句首+be+名词,名词其实是主语,所以be和名词保持一致 -t_&H\_T  
lR?1,yLp  
例:There are no known society in which left-handed people predominate. /8Lb_QH{  
   A     B      C    D    f?.}S] u5  
分析:there be 句型由最近的名词决定其形式,society当然用单数,A错,there are 改为there is I>ML I=[Kg  
^3HSw ?a"  
xgOt%7sb  
例:Between the foothills of the Andes and the Pacific ~ &/Nl_#  
             A     B    ",YNphjAn  
  Ocean are a dry coastal strip averaging about 30 c'$y_]  
     C         d/NjY[`5+  
  miles in width. zRh)q,Dt  
     D  "P5,p"k:)  
分析:倒装句,are改为is r0z8?  
CS%ut-K<5M  
例:Among the favorite attractions at the National Air and 1xxTI{'g[  
   A    B       C         >>=zkPy  
  Space Museum in Washington D.C. are the film |$8N*7UD  
                    D M!G/5:VZ  
  presented on the five-story-tall screen. ^g'uR@uU  
分析:D错,应改为films , 主语实际上是名词,应该与谓语动词保持一致。 KYhL}C+  
k]4CN  
⑧、百分比结构的主谓一致 iR4"I7J  
fifty percent of + 名词 MO]zf3f!  
one percent of + 名词 - 6q7ze{@  
谓语动词的形式和百分比多少没有关系,主要取决于后面的名词,比如: <{V{ 2V#  
  one percent of my students + are 45+kwo0  
  fifty percent of my time is spent on working.  X56.Y.  
}Ej^"T:H_;  
这里要强调两个结构 s_u! RrC  
half of =fifty percent  @C'qbO{  
most of + 可数名词 + are CJ;D&qo  
most of + 不可数名词+ is &WbHM)_n  
OoOwEV2p_  
例:Nearly half of the ancient meteor craters has been 3qfQlqJ&3  
   A       B         C   C-2#-{<  
  found in central and eastern Canada. T.!.3B$@]  
           D 7r3EMX\#Qm  
分析:C错,应改为have been。介词of的宾语为复数名词短语,作主语的中心词half当然表复数,相应的谓语动词应为复数形式。 En+`ZcA\z  
ovtZHq/  
例:Approximately fifty percent of the package utilized Mc|UD*Z  
                 A   B  Yu9(qRK  
  in the United States are for foods and beverages. GQkI7C  
              C     D r-}C !aF]  
分析:A错,应改为packages。从谓语动词用复数形式判断出主语是复数名词。注意food用复数表示不同种类的食品,beverage用复数表示不同种类的饮料,故(C)、(D)均没有错。 gdBH\K(\  
-1F+,+m  
(二) 谓语动词的时态 7baQ4QY?n  
①、主要考察时间状语 x8rp Z  
,|R\ Z,s  
例 The metal aluminum has been first isolated early in the nineteenth century. |P=-m-W  
   A        B  C     D ^paM{'J\\)  
^X?3e1om  
分析:Metal, aluminum同位语,in the nineteenth century为明显表示过去时间的状语, 因此应该用过去时态,把has been改为was a/ Z\h{*  
<yE d'Z  
#F >R5 D  
②、For和since的区别 p?sC</R  
区别一:For 后面使用时间段,since 后面使用时间点 >^KO5N-:4  
区别二:Since 只能用在现在完成时态,For 最主要用在现在完成时和一般过去时 xcl8q:  
  I has been a teacher for three years. v+`gQXJ"G  
  I has been a teacher since 1996. TzY[- YlvF  
  I was a teacher for three years. 这种表达可以,for three years表示一段时间,was 表示过去做了三年,现在不是老师了 [,ns/*f3R  
f>_' ]eM%  
例: Since 1921 the budget of the United States became vZt48g  
   A      B              %:] ive]e  
  the primary responsibility of the president. D j@7vM%_  
     C    D 0)-yLfTn  
分析:A错,应改 In. since一般要求主句用完成时态,而句中谓语动词为过去式,其时间状语应与之呼应,故改Since为In。 5"9!kZ(<  
sM'%apM#  
例:Adella Prentiss Hrghes served as manager of aRF}F E,u  
             A  B  C   p!3!& {  
  the Cleveland Orchestra since fifteen years. ?Q%X,!~ \:  
            D 1|Z!8:&pj  
分析:D错,应改为for。since引导时间状语时,主句谓语动词为一般完成时;主句谓语动词为一般过去时要用介词for;而且一段时间用for, 而不是since。 rOd~sa-H  
wLz@u$u?  
]728x["(19  
52. In general, prawns lived in shallow coastal waters or in streams.  u3ns-e  
   A       B        C     D 2^$Ha|  
自然现象和客观事实用一般现在时态,live a6i%7Om  
'&hk?  
(三) 谓语的语态 w4e (p3  
语态主要表示是主动语态还是被动语态。 +Q+>{HK  
有四组动词是改错题中常考的: y)e8pPDG  
①、prove %d#h<e|,.  
My advice proved to be wrong. 我的建议被证明是错的 Y<0R5rO  
尽管是被证明,但习惯上用主动; SV0h'd( b  
6<h ==I   
例:A majority of the reports received from people claiming !O }^Y  
                      A   V 0M&D,  
  to have seen the legendary Loch Ness Monster have proven to be VuWBWb?0Q  
    B                  C  _gl7Ma  
  mistakes, misconceptions, or they were being tricked. C=>IJ'G  
                  D yz7X7mAo  
分析:D错,应改为tricks。并列连词 or在此连接名词,如果把D理解为并列句,不仅时态不对,语义也有问题,故将整个句子改为名词。have proven to be是正确的。 [Y_CRxa\u  
Hlj_oDL  
# %$U-ti  
②、Locate,Situate 3q*p#l~  
这两个词可以用作主动,表示把…放置在…地方;确定…的位置 z t|DHVy  
  Bats locate obstacles.蝙蝠确定障碍物的位置 nkAS]sC  
这两个词也可以用作被动 3BzC'nplm  
  My school was located near the river. Z&W*@(dX  
区分locate的主动和被动比较难,但是有一个技巧存在:locate如果用作主动,后面必须跟宾语 9 O2??N7f  
例:The center of gravity of the human body ---- behind the hip joint. U1^3 &N8  
   (A)locates ]]^eIjg>a6  
   (B)locating ]oIP;J:&  
   (C)to locate @&xWd{8'  
   (D)is located '`nf7b(  
分析:空格处显然缺谓语动词,故首先排除不能作谓语的B和C。动词locate后面没有宾语,所以用作被动,表示“位于”,所以D为正确选项。 cWS 0B $$  
J=sj+:GS  
③、表示需要概念的动词 D(&XmC[\Y  
need, want, require等 tR`^c8gD  
xjK@Q1MJ  
My watch needed repairing )N'rYS' 9  
My watch needed to be repaired. PyQ P K,  
* ,#SwZ  
④、表示人的情感的动词 #)b0&wyW6i  
move, annoy, surprise, please等 }2+*E}g  
q)rxv7Iu\  
He is so moving.  他令人感到感动。 Yx"un4  
He is greatly moved. 他感到非常感动。 P?/Mrz   
oj%(@6L  
主动和被动技巧总结: @T@lHc  
如果句子中有一个“过去分词+by”, 如果断定它是谓语的话,前面必然有be动词 ,LftQ1*;  
sX[k}=HCK  
例:The Tennessee Valley Authority has chartered by the @tzL4hy%^j  
                 A      bSgdVP-  
  United States Congress in 1933 to construct dams, ]gjB%R[.m  
                 B Pe?=M[u2  
  power structures, and flood-control works along JS2 h/Y$  
                    C n =qu?xu  
  the Tennessee River and its tributary streams. Q nmv?YXS  
                D A3eus  
分析:A错,应改为has been chartered。由信号词by可知前面的谓语动词为被动语态形式。 5 -2#H?:U  
:sA$LNj}  
四、非谓语动词 P={8qln,X  
4RL0@)0F  
(一) 分词 S pIdw0  
现在分词和过去分词的区别 [Ufx=BPx3  
①、用于句首作状语,现在分词表示主动,过去分词表示被动 MHPh!  
2#)z%K6T  
例:Won its war for independence in 1783, the United States then #,CK;h9jy!  
   A SL 5QhP  
  struggled to establish its own economic and financial system. 4zhg#  
     B      C            D ,~*pPhQ8m  
分析:分词作状语,主要看是主动还是被动,美国赢得应该是主动,所以A错,改won为winning A Qm!7,  
[ XBVES8  
②、用于名词后面作后置定语,现在分词表示主动,过去分词表示被动 v ocWV/  
例:In the nineteenth century the Mohave Indians lived in ?5j}&Y3  
      A               B   ]=]fIKd  
  the Northern Hemisphere grew their crops on river bottom lands. ICD; a  
               C         D OJT%?P%@{  
分析:B错,生活在什么地方的人,人生活是主动,因此改为living ^8V8,C)  
@TvDxY1)6Z  
bzyy;`;6Q~  
一些动词后面必须用doing ]S7>=S  
对于加doing的词来说,考试中一般出现一个,下面这些词都是要加doing的,请考生牢记。 'cPE7uNT  
 mind, finish, enjoy, celebrate, o]TKL 'gW  
 advocate, suggest PrvV]#O *  
 delay, quit S<81r2LT  
 forgive(原谅),tolerate, g=e~YM85  
 avoid, escape(逃避) (w1$m8`=  
 spend+名词+doing; ZmAo 9>'Kg  
 have trouble/difficult/a problem/ +doing tQ,3nI!|xF  
tvcM< e20  
例:Long before the dawn of recorded history, humans celebrated to harvest their *?YMoN  
   A     B    C              D UO4 z ~  
  crops. ,'%*z  
分析:D错,应改为harvesting。及物动词celebrate直接带名词、名词短语或动名词短语作宾语,故将to harvest改为harvesting。 Jvr`9<`  
5 51p* B2  
例:Some experts have advocated to bring that country into the talks, @+yjt'B  
               A        B ,qwV DYJ  
  to revive the intermittent dialogue that began after the 1967 Middle East War. @*=eqO  
        C          D 46D _K  
分析:A错,advocate 后面直接跟doing, 改为advocate bringing Q .g44>  
>!PCEw<i  
(二) 不定式 q"VC#9 7`  
A. 动词不定式的省略 ?0?+~0sI  
①、help后面可以省略to 4VP$, |a  
  help to do #D^( dz*  
  help sb. to do "0m\y+%8  
r#(*x 2~,  
例:A good exercise program helps teach people to avoid AA5UOg\jI  
              A      B   5`)[FCQ  
  the habits that might shorten the lives. 8TCbEPS@Q  
         C     D $|VD+[jSV  
分析:D错,应改为their. 定冠词在句中不如代词所有格明确,如果lives后面有定语就可以用the。注意(A)并没有错,help后面可以接不带to的不定式。 7ZFd;-  
y4,t=Gq7^  
②、使役动词后面要省略to, 这样的动词只有三个 H]( TSt<Q"  
  make, G \|P3j  
  let, #YK=e&da  
  have sb. do sth T1c& 3  
  注意get不是使役动词,get sb. to do sth. b&!x.+d-z  
例:A conductor used signals and gestures to let the musicians O +Xu ?W]  
        A               B ,"Nb;Yhg  
  to know when to play various parts of a composition. 6c*QBzNL  
   C     D L RPdA "Z  
分析:let是使役动词,后面不需要to, C改为know nQ;M@k&9eV  
oiItQ4{<  
③、感官动词 6t'vzcQs  
   hear, feel, watch, see, notice, observe ?:Rw[T@ l  
   see sb do sth. 强调过程 QURpg/<U  
   see sb doing sth 正在做某事 %8l WJwb7u  
7upN:7D-  
v(l:N@L  
B. 动词不定式的固定用法 gP?.io 9Oi  
(1)表示第一人 p5#UH  
the first woman to do sth. 1WAps#b.  
0>yu Bgh  
(2)表示迫使的动词 G3gEL)b*  
一般考三个, allow/ enable/ call, +sb. + to do vgN%vw pL  
gt!t Du  
例:Besides providing clues to the nature of atoms, mineral analysis  \1?:  
     A                 B    >uwd3 XW5  
  allows to speculate geologists about the ancient Earth. +krDmU9(  
       C           D Ha~} NO  
分析:allow...to do是固定短语,allow的宾语应在不定式之前,即把C改为: allow geologists to speculate。 R?8/qGSVqJ  
?:#$btmn?  
14yzGhA  
(3)表示倾向…的形容词 U\6Ee-1#_  
  be more likely to do 更有可能作某事 +z+u=)I  
  be inclined to do倾向于做某事 VTn6@z_ x  
  be lieable to do 易于…的 xvW# ~T ]  
  be apt to do Gy!bPVe  
$Fv|w9  
(4)表示目的的名词, [~k!wipK  
一共有7个这样的词,这一条也是最重要的。 59k-,lyU,  
固定的句式: Fr1OzS^&(  
the purpose , the purpose of sth is to do sth. .}3K9.hkr  
the objective 目标 cL:hjr"  
aim ^o Q^/v~  
goal 1V ; ,ZGI*  
reason理由 yS@xyW /  
function功能 Hf9F:yH  
intension意图 [#/@ v/`  
8:jakOeT  
例:The function of Louis Sullivan's architecture was providing w>&g'  
                       A  3'[ g2JR  
  large uninterrupted floor areas and to allow ample light into the interior. E*8).'S%k  
           B          C     D >0I\w$L  
分析:the function to provide, A错 =5#sB*  
@!%HEs!# #  
例:The chief goal of biochemistry is for understanding the structure Fy^MI*}BZ  
                  A       hvF>Tu]^r  
  and behavior of the carbon-containing compounds K"VRHIhfg  
     B  Vn6]h|vm  
  that make up various components of a living cell. M(<.f}yZQ  
    C    D :xsNn55b  
分析:the chief goal is to understand, A错 D@yu2}F{IY  
YfVZ59l4y6  
(5) 其他同根名词 myDcr|j-a  
 ability to do 受到be able to 的影响 N@\`DO  
 attempt to do 企图 ]gDX~]f[  
 decision to do 决定, 受decide的影响 nmUMg  
 ambition, N m@UM*D  
 be ambitious to do  Pa */&WeB  
 effort `h$^=84  
/U@Y2$TOF  
例:For ancient people, myths were often attempts explanation Io7o*::6iw  
  A                    B   #~6au6LMC  
  catastrophic events such as volcanic eruptions. nSB@xP#&  
          C       D swG!O}29OX  
分析:B错,应改为to explain。 attempts后应跟动词不定式短语表目的,故将名词explanation改为to explain。 MLt'tzgl  
L] !M1\  
例:In the early 1960's the Civil Rights movement made great T&s}~S=m  
  A                   B   Un\ T} c  
  efforts for registering members of minorities to vote. 0v'!(&m  
       C            D p]J0A ^VV  
分析:efforts to register, C错 (z IIC"~5  
9Vtn62+  
~a` vk@8  
C. 动词不定式的其他用法 *&~wl(+O=  
(1) be to do 表示已安排好或者注定要发生的动作,属于将来时态的范畴 0i/!nke.  
She and Anne are to meet at two o'clock. "UTAh6[3oD  
Z,5B(Xj  
(2)不定式的完成式为“to have done”,表示不定式的动作在谓语动作之前发生,这个完成式通常表示一般过去时 &T\,kq >)  
I am glad to see you. )P #MUC  
I am glad to have seen your mother yesterday. X"O^4MnvI  
yesterday是一般过去时,修饰have seen. Q'Vejz/  
L3y`*&e>  
(3) 形容词后面使用动词不定式,主动表示被动 ::8c pUc`f  
It is difficult to decide. y\c-I!6>26  
$gysy!2}.  
]6z ; M;F`  
五、句子的结构 ^4[|&E:  
句子的结构主要考查四个出题方向。 c<]~q1  
C !6d`|  
(一) 主语的重复 5nv1%48Ri  
名词+代词+谓语,这个代词永远是重复的主语,永远是错的 0:q R,NW^#  
例:Woodrow Wilson he was an idealist who refused to make any @"'$e_jj"  
          A      B      FFpG>+*3  
  compromises concerning the establishment of the <^fvTb&*  
          C          D c`xgz# ]v  
  League of Nations. X^9eCj;c  
分析:代词he不是同位语,主语重复;如果是下面这样的主语,那么便是主语同位语 tLo_lLn*~%  
A prolific writer, Woodrow Wilson p5JRG2zt  
q o tWWe#  
{`=k$1  
例:Two unique features of the Arctic they are ;)rXQm  
        A        B  Qs7*_=+h  
  lack of precipitation and permanently frozen ground. i;mA|  
    C         D l{4rKqtX  
分析:选项B中的they和前面的主语two unique features重复 %)p?&_  
-mY,nMDb  
(二)谓语的重复 aYws{Vii  
完整的句子后面又多了一个谓语,往往改为定语从句 Ji7<UJ30x  
QI*<MF,1  
例:A paragraph is a portion of a text consists of  Sgq?r-Q.  
    A            B    eH^~r{{R  
  one or more sentences related to the same idea. %hCd*[Z}j  
         C   D #8@o%%F d  
分析:B错,应改为consisting of或which consists of。句中有两个无法连接的谓语动词,而且前一个谓语动词下面没有划线,故改consists为非谓语动词形式或在它前面加which使之成为从句谓语动词。 osZ] R  
l' 2C/#8F  
(三)谓语的缺少 +~f=L- >  
例:Most mammals to maintain a relatively constant body YuFR*W;$  
          A     B    J+ r:7NvZ  
  temperature, regardless of what the air temperature might be. -T{G8@V0I  
         C               D Hp5.jor(k  
分析:A错,应改为maintain。句中缺谓语动词,故去掉不定式符号to 使maintain变成谓语动词。 "?ON0u9  
tQ(4UHqa~  
(四)主句的重复 BV=~ !tsl  
主句的重复总是考even, instead, during, despite等引导的句子, 但是实际上它们无法把两个句子连接起来,因为它们都是副词或者介词,连接两个句子应该用连接词连接 f[wxt n'r  
( $'5xPb  
;"|QW?>$D  
例:Salmon spend most of their adult lives in salt water, despite ?}"39n  
      A         B        C   ZY=a[K  
  they return to their freshwater birthplaces to spawn and die. y3OF+;E  
     D Ticx]_+~T  
分析:C错,应改为though。despite是介词,后面一般接名词作宾语,而在句中它后面却跟着一个完整的句子,所以改为连词though。 wEC,Mbn  
I &;9  
例:Solar eclipses occur during the Moon's shadow sW@_' Lw  
        A   B       <nc6 &+  
  sweeps across the face of the Earth. Q) =LbR{#  
      C    D iF Zqoz  
分析:B错,应改为when或as。介词不能引导条件状语从句,根据题意改为从属连词when或as。 MI)v@_1d  
oL@K{dk  
例:Even many early leaders of the United States have provided L kXho>y  
   A                     B  f$ 7C 5  
  names for towns, only George Washington us+z8Mz  
      C f +1@mGt  
  is remembered in the name of a state. 2'u%  
          D LGK@taw^  
分析:A错,应改为Even though。even为副词,不能引导从句,根据题意,改为引导让步状语从句的Even though。 3S" /l  
六、比较级和最高级 9{ #5~WP  
比较级和最高级的出题非常有规则,一共有5个出题方向,并且每次考试必然考两个 N(V_P[]"*,  
GSW%~9WBa  
(一)    比较级或最高级形式上的重复 aYn5AP'PH  
例:The most easiest process for mining gold is panning, which Zz"8  
      A               m`}mbm^  
  involves using a circular dish with a small pocket at the bottom. .><-XJ  
     B       C           D G"w [>m  
分析:A错,应改为easiest。easiest本身已是最高级,不必再用most,这是最高级形式上的重复 =#=}|Q}  
FzNj':D  
(二)比较级和最高级之间的混用 L9-Jwy2(>  
例:The greenest and plentifulest leaves are the leaves of grasses. +P8CC fPu  
     A      B     C  D [>t;P ,  
分析:B错,应改为most plentiful。 plentiful是多音节形容词,须在前面加most构成最高级。 +abb[  
k7 j.VpN9  
例:The more fearsome of all the animals in the Western Hemisphere "=1gA~T  
     A       B     C   D hz*T"HJ]t  
  is the grizzly bear. 'v9M``  
分析:A错,应该用最高级most,含有介词of, among, in 表示的范围状语使用最高级。 Q6D>(H#"0  
(Ldvx_  
4.^T~n G  
(三)比较词than的前面一定要有比较级 xy b=7  
改错题中,通常会看见than前面有一个原级 TgaxZW  
+80bG(I_  
例:Film directors can take far great liberties in dealing with |'z24 :8  
   A           B  = pn;b1=  
  concepts of time and space than stage directors can. mt$rjk=  
   C                 D m#8(l{3|  
分析:B错,应改为greater。根据后面有than一词可以判定前面的形容词用比较级形式,注意far, much 修饰比较级。 ]E$NJq|  
\Oq8kJ=  
(四)在as…as以及否定not so…as, not as…as的中间使用形容词原级 $}{[_2  
as sweeter as, 这是不对的,应改为as sweet as lg8@^Pm$r;  
^C1LQ Z  
(五)the 和比较级最高级的关系 R?{xs  
①、比较级前面可以出现the, 修饰后面的名词 :L@n(bu RN  
the taller boy fLqjBG] <  
?'H d0)yZ  
②、副词的最高级加不加the均可以 bm 4RRI  
例:Although flies live longest in cool temperatures, it breed 3qn_9f]  
          A            B :\JCxS=EW  
  prolifically when temperatures are warm, food is ZnRT$ l O  
  abundant, and humidity is moderate. ge1. HG  
    C          D ?tL'  X  
分析:副词的最高级加不加the均可, 所以A正确,从从句的主语可以看出,B应该改为they eG1V:%3  
| bRU=dg  
③、形容词的最高级作定语前面必须使用the, 如果不作定语的话,加不加the均可以 Yj1|]i5b  
例:Of all the Native Americans in the United States, nAWb9Yk  
  A  B         C     ^h$*7u"^y  
  the Navajos form largest group. tiE|%jOzt  
         D KD ,3U/ 3  
分析:D错,应改为form the largest。形容词最高级前面要加定冠词。 vhbHt_!u&  
QMz=e  
陷阱1, earliest, 有两种可能, Hp04apM:  
一种可能是early的最高级,最早的语言,the earliest language p|.5;)%|  
    另一种可能作名词,表示早期,必须和时间的名词连用,earliest time, earliest ages, 表示很早的年代,很早的时代,也就是说,如果以后碰上earliest后面加上times, ages, 前面不用加the XQ9W y  
oG1z PspL  
例:The belief in fairies have existed from earliest times, and the literature of many W/bW=.d Jd  
            A      B         C PXYLL X\3  
  countries includes tales of fairies and their relationship to humans. Z::I3 Q  
            D G~8BND[."  
分析:A错,应改为has existed。主语是单数名词the belief,而不是复数名词fairies,故谓语动词是单数形式。earliest times表示表示很早的时代是正确的。 tngB;9c+w  
Hs'~) T  
陷阱2,如果最高级前面有所有格的话,不用加the G|f9l?p  
例如:my best friends zplv.cf#q  
Hvm}@3F|  
例:Salt Lake City, Utah's capital and largest city, is industrial 9GH5  
            A    B     C v,ZYh w  
  and banking center. wK-VA$;:  
        D Pgr2 S I  
分析:C错,应改为is an industrial center。center为可数名词,它的修饰词前面应有不定冠词。 qisvGHo  
Utah's largest city, 题目中其实是省略了Utah's。 H]R/=OYBUh  
PM[_0b  
W+#Q>^Q>  
例:Faults in the Earth's crust are most evidently in sedimentary  /RJ  
                 A         dgpE3 37Lt  
  formations, where they interrupt previously continuous layers. 1;$XX#7o  
    B   C     D 9y*] {IY  
分析:A错,are的表语必须用evident, 为什么不加the, 因为作表语,而不是定语 ud `- w  
71R,R,  
七、平行结构 ][S q^5`  
改错题考的最多的一个方向便是平行结构 nUP, Yd  
UmWXv#q\l  
]@Zv94Z(  
(一) 对等连接词 >NBc-DX^  
一共有三类连接平行结构的词 pz /[ ${X  
单一式: and, or ,but )*]A$\Oc[  
相关式: both…and, not … but, :>fT=$i@  
     either …or, neither…nor JPqd} :u3  
     the same…as;as…as, not so…as, not as…as +-@n}xb@  
     such …as, so …that.. too…to, from…to, from…until, between…and, %i9 e<.Ot  
     not only…but also(also可以省略),Not only +主谓,also e%JI qKS  
     not only…but also(also可以省略)+as well, K|Sq_/#+U  
cb9-~*1  
短语式: as well as /9R0}4i7  
     rather than (而不是) U*r54AyP  
     other than (除…之外) $os]$5(  
     instead of (代替) V6][*.i!9  
vdq=F|&  
考试的方式往往是搭配中有一个单词是对的,另一个单词却不对 A7X a  
例:John lived in New York since 1960 to 1975,  f=l/Fp}4UH  
       A     B   ez'NHodwk2  
  but he is now living in Detroit. =-si| 1Z  
       C   D t<Acq07  
分析:B错,应改为from。“从某年到某年”要用“from…to…”这个表达法,不能用since …to…。 n= <c_a)Nb  
$NVVurXa  
例:Even as he wrote copiously on so diverse topics t<8)h8eW  
       A         B ;W?#l$R  
  as education ,politics ,and religion ,Lewis Mumford 0V~zZ/e  
  remained active in city and regional planning. h vYRAQR:  
          C    D  [MpWvLP"x  
分析:B错, 改为such diverse topics as, 出现as, 往往要注意前面一半 0/)2RmF  
(二)平行的内容 J 8%gC  
第一、引导词性的平行,词性的平行本质上是语法作用的平行 M1/d7d  
例:Photoperiodism is the functional or behavioral response of \V$qAfP)  
             A         B    +|LM"  
  an organism to changes in duration of daily, seasonally, <,)R`90_X6  
         C            D a dqS.xs  
  or yearly periods of light and darkness. x:FZEyalG  
分析:D错,应改为seasonal。在daily, seasonally和yearly三个并列的词中,daily和yearly是形容词,seasonally是副词,故改为形容词seasonal,共同修饰名词periods,三个形容词的平行,词性平行 zQyI4RHG[  
PB@IPnB-  
Xq;|l?,O  
第二、名词单复数的平行 w7@`:W  
但是如果既有可数名词,又有不可数名词,可以不平行 i3w~&y-  
\n[kzi7  
例:The main advertising media include direct mail, "TA0--6  
  A     B          C   =%m{|HQ`  
  radio, television, magazines, and newspaper. I}_}VSG(  
                 D   s0iG |vw  
分析:D错,应改为newspapers。newspaper为可数名词,在没有任何前置修饰语的情况下一般用复数形式,并且和前面的magazine平行,而mail, radio, television则是不可数名词。 ~M}{rl.n=  
e-rlk5k%f  
例:The Canadian province of Newfoundland has a rocky coast, a moisture climate, relt7sK  
                   A         B zGtJ@HbB  
  and probably the best cod-fishing areas in the world. QCb D^  
      C          D 1Vu#:6%  
分析:海岸气候只有一个,但是钓鱼的地方可以有许多个,所以也是不可数名词和名词复数的平行;因此D没有错,A错改为have mXz*Gi  
u#Ig!7iUu  
第三、时态的平行 I> ;{BYPV  
例:The poet Marianne Moore was initially associated <Mbh BIejr  
                A     AXlVH%'  
  with the imagist movement , but later develops :IZAdlz[@  
                   B 8._uw A<[  
  her own thyme patterns and verse forms. p}QDX*/sSu  
          C    D [OCjYC`  
分析:B错,应改为developed。句中前半部分谓语为过去时,与之并列的谓语也应用过去时。 rQ.zqr  
f8;?WSGyD2  
例:Because the papaya grows readily from seed , ----- vclc%ws  
  spread from its home in Central America and >=0]7k;  
  now grows throughout the tropics. _Q1p_sdg  
   (A) to be    (B) it   #+ch  
   (C) the     (D) its _{jC?rzb  
分析:正确答案为(B)。空格前是原因状语从句,后面紧接着是谓语动词,空格处明显缺主句主语。四个选项中只有B能单独作主语。注意spread是过去式,没有数的变化,因为这一动作明显发生在过去时间。spread 和grows为什么时态可以不平行呢? {IgH0+z  
原来它在Central America 的家乡传播,现在在整个地方传播,now只修饰后面的grow 5R EFz  
q@wD@_  
例:Ducks have been domesticated for many centuries ---- 6Hnez@d  
  commercially for their meat and eggs. 'JOCL0FP  
   (A) raised   (B) and are raised BzfR8mD  
   (C) raised as  (D) are raised K%dQ; C*?  
分析:正确答案为B。空格前是一个完整的句子,根据一个空格处如再出现谓语动词一定要有连词这一原则,B为惟一符合条件的选项。故选(B)。 a<&K^M&  
KVOV<uDCj  
第四、排列位置的平行 jc"sPrv5  
例:---the surface of metal, but also weakens it. 4J5zSTw  
   (A) Not only does rust corrode &b|RoPV  
   (B) Not only rust corrodes  YD[HBF)~j  
   (C) Rust, which not only corrodes ` Tap0V  
   (D) Rust not only corrodes `TPIc  
分析:正确答案为D。从but also放在动词前可知,not only也须置于动词前,故选D。A、B中的Not only位置放错了,C使句子缺主句,故排除。 &#e;`(*  
qj;i03 +@  
对于not only, but also的用法有以下几种: ]`)5 Qe4  
 1、主语+not only +谓语,but also+谓语,正确;例如上面例题中的第四个选项。 q=W.82.U  
 2、Not only +主谓,but also+主谓,正确 AAQ!8!  
 3、Not only +主语+谓语,but also+谓语,错误 ^UKAD'_#%O  
}*(_JR4G  
八、词序的颠倒 Aars\   
词序的颠倒一般只考一道,90%的情况集中于下面三个出题方向 {N}az"T4f  
(一) 先说形容词,再说名词 Ef`'r))  
例:The Medal of Honor is the highest award military for courage >T]9.`xhK  
              A    B        ?XY'<]o E  
  that can be given to any individual in the United States. R5ra*!|L)  
      C       D    )vO"S  
分析:B错,军事的荣誉是military award而不是award military,单个形容词修饰名词时一般放在被修饰词的前面。 av!;k2"  
-rU_bnm  
*F%1 ~  
(二) 副词+形容词+名词 "|X'qKS(H{  
例:Certain types of computers work properly only d'96$e o~  
          A      B     Led\S;pl  
  in environments with controlled precisely temperatures. Sesdhuy.@  
    C         D }W'j Dz7O  
分析:D错,应改为precisely controlled,精确的被控制的温度。controlled为过去分词用作形容词,修饰它的副词应放在其前面,它自己则要紧挨着被修饰的名词。 gbzBweWF  
D`@a*YIq  
|^-D&C(Eu  
(三)主语系动词, 系动词 + 表语 r\"R?P$y|  
KNmU2-%l  
例:During the 1600's skilled shoemakers scarce were ~T;:Tg*  
          A   B     C   L6CI9C;-b  
  in what is now the United States. %j^QK>%  
    D =u}~\ 'd  
分析:C错,应改为were scarce。表语应该放在系动词后面。 Z$J-4KN  
0JtM|Mg  
所有的系动词分为三大类: {xg=Ym)  
第一种:表示保持某种状态, d(|?gN^  
    is, remain, keep, stay, iN8[^,2H|  
    lie, exit(表示位于) a_!H_J  
第二种,从一种状态转变到另一种状态 .I~:j`K6  
    become, turn, grow, eW 4[2Q  
    get (It is getting warmer and warmer) *0" ojfVn  
v_Vw!u  
第三种,感官动词 -6J <{1V  
    seem(好像是) FiMM-c|  
    look(看起来好像是) Yr{hJGw[  
    feel, sound, appear, smell, taste Zq&'a_  
enough修饰形容词或副词时,一般放在形容词或副词后面。 +%TgX&a  
例: The eruptions of Mt. St. Helens were enough severe cEa8l~GC<  
    A               B     DNZ,rL:h  
   to cause numerous deaths. b;D  
        C   D  c /88|k  
分析:B错,应改为sever enough。severe是形容词, enough放在severe后面。 e 1XKlgl  
hpXW t Q  
九、词性的混用 /[lEZ['^  
词汇量的掌握对词性的使用非常重要,但是如果对出题方向有更好的把握,将会弥补词汇量的不足。 "7EK{6&jQ  
(z8ZCyq7r[  
(一)做表语时形容词和副词的混用 mCt/\  
做表语永远用形容词,绝对不能用副词; d#+Ne f5  
hN K wQ  
例:Giant pandas, which inhabit restricted areas of high s@$0!8sxm  
          A        B      nHeJ20  
  mountain bamboo forests, are rarely today and p4IyKry,  
              C 3| w$gG;Y  
  when they are in captivity they breed poorly. ' *XIp:  
          D sg-^ oy*^  
分析:错,应改为are rare。rarely为副词,不能作表语,故改为形容词rare(罕见的,稀少的) ;39a`  
jNx{*2._r  
@su<_m6'  
(二)加宾语时名词和动名词的混用 _)<5c!  
后面加宾语当然要用动名词 M 2| k.  
例:Tilling means preparation the soil to plant the seeds uSYI X  
         A       B      _;^x^   
  and keeping the soil in the best condition to I 2AQ G  
          C        =9 QyO h  
  help the crop grow until it is ready3 for harvesting. h{o,*QL  
            D 837:;<T  
分析:A错,应改为preparing。preparation为名词,后面不能接宾语,改为动名词preparing后既能接宾语,又与后面的keeping构成并列关系。 j<)$ [v6  
9$U>St  
例:Langston Hughes, a prolific writer of the 1920's, ; Yc\O:Qq  
            A       `K0.6i [p  
   was concerned with the depicting the experience of FTEC=j$ln  
      B      C L-U4 8 i  
   urban Black people in the United States. c"k nzB vy  
   D [E<A/_z  
分析:C错,应改为depicting。 depicting在此为动名词,作介词宾语时不加冠词。注意此处还可以改为the depiction of,但略显累赘,因为后面还有of结构。The +动名词,这个动名词其实就变为了名词。 um]N]cCD`  
.$d:c61X  
cahlYv'  
(三)表示时间时,状语从句连接词和近义的介词混用 n::i$ZUdK  
表示时间有两种可能, JcP<@bb>B  
一种是状语从句,由when and while引导,后面加句子 OAo03KW  
另一种是由介词引导,如during,后面加名词, ;7E"@b,tPN  
考试中往往就利用这个特点,总是给出相反的情况 t:lDFv4s  
_}\KC+n8  
例:Balloon observations for military intelligence 8KP   
       A     B     yTbtS-  
  were made while the American Civil War. }Dcpe M?  
   C    D .ozBa778u  
分析:D错,应改为during。while是从属连词或并列连词,后面接句子,后面是名词短语时,应改为介词during。 u-n$%yDS  
p+Bvfn  
例:Some of the most celebrated publicity stunts while the 4;H m%20g  
   A      B           C    4K;0.W;~|  
  history of radio were associated with Gracie Allen. Z^mIGy}  
          D M>RLS/r>d  
分析:C错,应改为in。while为连词,后面要求接从句,而句中显然没有从句,故根据题意改为介词in。 eon(C|S7eK  
hI<$lEB  
W^:g_  
(四)对等连接词和近义的副词混用 w+%p4VkA<r  
连接平行结构的词叫做对等连接词,但是如果出现else, also, instead等副词把这些结构连接起来行不行呢?当然不行。 \q-["W34  
s5d[sx  
例:Mary McDowell shared Jane Addam's interest in social odcrP\S  
                   A     0j#$Swa  
  work also was a loyal supporter of the League of Nations. h*[sV  
     B   C    D .d) H2X  
分析:B错,应改为and。also是副词,不能连接并列的谓语动词,故改为并列连词and。 \=W t{  
l_q1h]/   
例:Paper is strong under tension instead crumples [S`Fm>,  
   A        B   C      g;3<oI/P  
  easily under the stress of compression. 1-4*YrA  
   D ? 0E- Lac=  
分析:C错,应改为but;题目意思是在拉力的作用下很强,而在压力的作用下容易起皱;instead, 副词不能连接两个动词并列,but 的对等连接词和and, or的用法是一样的 | qf8y  
Q},uM_" +  
DGAg#jh  
(五)表示人的名词和表示事物的词混用 N;,N6&veK/  
O  >&,h^  
例:An editor is customarily a brief newspaper or magazine 0ipYXbC  
    A         B @2$iFZq~  
  article that gives personal comments on current events. 5th\_n}N2/  
          C            D T^ah'WmNw  
分析:A错,应改为editorial。 editor的意思是“编辑”,根据题意改为名词editorial(社论)。 o|a]Q  
iuq%Q\0@w  
o{QPW  
例:For centuries, music have played acoustical guitars, ;,_c1x/F  
         A 3WdANR  
  which produce sound from the vibration of the strings. lT] dj9l  
   B      C      D =gr3a,2  
分析:A错,应改为musicians。music是抽象名词,意为“音乐”,不能表示复数要领显然应改为musicians(音乐家)。 ,7Lu7Q  
>*mLbp"  
(六) 只能用副词+数量词+名词;不能用形容词 ut^^,w{o>  
nearly two hundred students, 这里nearly修饰的是200; )wY bcH  
two hundred diligent students
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