改错题常考要点 =7TWzUCO#
一、代词 pSC{0Y$g
代词中主要讲解六个问题 DZL(G [
(一) 掌握代词的几种格 gQik
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主格、宾格、所有格 V^FM-bg%9
名词前面用代词来修饰,只能用所有格(my books) **__&Xp1
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(二) 反身代词 \mu';[gLd
当主语和宾语表示同一事物时,宾语使用反身代词。 9$v\D3<Z
He killed himself. (他自杀了) QE"$Lc)
He killed him. (他杀了他) +7OE,RoQ
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例:Researchers at the University of Colorado are investigating "?k'S{;
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a series of indicators that could help +Q_xY>ej
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themselves to predict earthquakes. sCy.i/y
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分析:D错,应改为them。如果用反身代词themselves,指代对象是从句主语that(即名词indicators),这显然是错误的。从句意来看,help的宾语应该是主句主语researchers,故应用代词宾格而不是反身代词。注意C并没有错,情态动词could 比can语气弱,表示较小的可能性。 Hh](n<Bs
Indicator为征兆,这些征兆帮助他们来预言地震。主语是征兆,后面指研究者,不是同一个事物 1*9 Yy~w
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(三) 代词的单复数,代词的性别 lbIW1z%:sy
在考试中如果代词打横线,代词错误的概率是非常高的,因此代词打横线,应该先看代词有没有错。 :.H@tBi*E
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例:The continental divide refers to an imaginary line in the North American Rockies gjT`<CW
that divides the waters flowing into the Atlantic Ocean from it flowing into the uq:'`o-1
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Pacific. WR.7%U';
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分析:D错,应改为those。D指代复数名词waters, it是单数,显然是错误的,根据习惯故改为those。注意waters一词并没有错,它指江湖河海中的大片水域,可用复数形式。 RToX[R;1E
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Water作为水是不可数名词,waters表示水域,通常使用复数形式,作主语谓语动词用复数。 Ca"i<[8
Work作为工作是不可数名词,work作为作品,可数不可数都可以,例如: *sfz+8Y
Many of his works= much of his work, work都表示作品 h*P0;V`UX
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例:In 1920 the presidential candidate Warren Harding coined (o6u^#6
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the word“normalcy”to express social and Qw%0<~<
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economic conditions they promised the nation. 0\$Lnwp_
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分析:D错,应改为he。动作promised是由Warren Harding发出来的,故用第三人称单数he来指代。 8r\xQr'8h
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例:Many critics believe that Amy Lwell' s most important +xmZK<{<
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work is not poetry, but his biography, John QQ,w:OjA0
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Keats, published the year of her death. v#sx9$K T
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分析:C错,应改为her。his指男性,显然是错误的,应改为her与后面的her同指Amy Lowell. Ox/va]e7"
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(四) Who和which的区别 :TWHmxch
which指代事物或者动物,who指代人 L/cbq*L
who/whom son往往要改为whose son, whose可以指代事物 -3b0;L&4>x
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例:The human body contains more than six hundred muscles who 8%U
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account for approximately forty percent of the body weight. (C QgT3V
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分析:B错,应改为which或that。先行词不是指人,而是指物,关系代词不能用who,故改为which或that。 %s)E}cGH
人体前面加定冠词the, account for 占有多大的比例,解释说明
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(五) that和which的区别 'XQv>
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介词后面使用which, 而不用that, in that除外 p-/x Md
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例:When television was first introduced, the extent to that it cRfX
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would affect society could not have been foreseen. n2O7n@8
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分析:B错,应改为which。The extent to which, 介词加which(引导定语从句),影响社会的程度没有被预见 SoY&R=
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(六) 定语从句的特殊省略 @+!d@`w:z2
Reason后面有定语从句,中间往往省略why, U&a]
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Time后面有定语从句,中间往往省略when %E!0,y,:
I do remember the time I heard the sweetest voice in the wild world. G`W+m*[U+M
way后面有定语从句,中间省略了in which u1kbWbHu(
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例:Research on pain has been neglected, although the mainly jH G(d$h
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reason people take medicine is to relieve pain. K^vMIo h
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分析:B错,应改为main。mainly为副词,不能个饰后面的名词,故改为形容词main。句子中people take medicine修饰reason,定语从句引导词被省略 y|mR'{$I
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例:Commercial expansion from city to suburb has +Lr0i_al
affected the way people in the United States----. M/qiA.C@W
(A) living and working NlMx!f>b%/
(B) they live and work s5dh]vNN
(C) live and work Xz@>sY>Jc
(D) to live and to work ?~{xL"
分析:选择C, the way people....影响了人们生活和工作的方式。 Kna'5L5"
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二、介词 tQ67XAb
介词是考试中出现的比较多的一个部分,而其中考的最多的就是介词的固定搭配问题。由于篇幅问题,我们在这里仅仅举出几个例题,在说明书手册中我们完整的列出了所有的介词搭配,这些列出的搭配在以前的语法题中出现过,只不过有的时候是正确的选项,有的时候重复考。 #@fypCc
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(一) 介词搭配 -iHhpD9"X
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例:The teeth in the upper jaw function together those 2v
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in the lower jaw to cut, tear, and grind food. Ymu=G3-
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分析:和…一起,应该为together with,C错 #`$7$Y~]
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例:The Allegheny Mountain range is rich of coal. M=A9ax
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分析:B错改为be rich in 0Pk-FSY|f
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例:The rotation of the Earth on its axis is responsible to the hd;I x%tq>
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alternation of periods of light and darkness. =*Xf(mh c
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分析:C错,应改为responsible for。形容词responsible后接名词作宾语时要加介词for。 MVdx5
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(二) 最重要的两个介词 k Dt)S$N4n
1、介词of 多余或者遗漏 (SK
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例:Mosquitoes usually lay eggs, singly or in batches, on top stagnant water.
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分析:D错,应改为top of stagnant。on top of …是因定表达法,意为“在…上面”。 _4$DnQ6&
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例:Christopher Plummer is a Canadian actor who has nif'l/@"
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starred in stage, television, and film productions on /g''-yT7#
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both sides the Atlantic Ocean.
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分析:D错,应改为sides of the。 sides为名词,the Atlantic Ocean也是名词,中间明显少了一个介词。 .`N`M9
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2、介词by 22~X~=
一种情况表示被动,be+过去分词+by mtddLd,
另一种表示通过……的方式, by doing uTGvXKL7
例:The ceremony of marriage in the United States d/rz0L
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can be performed from a justice of the peace. y|{?>3
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分析:D错,应改为performed by。谓语动词是被动式,performed的动作执行者应该由介词by来引导。 MWh+h7k'
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例:Along the east coast ,American Indian women's councils d ovwB`5
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could veto a declaration of war at refusing to .BDRD~kB
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supply moccasins and field rations. ik0Q^^1?Y
分析:D错,应改为by refusing。通过拒绝提供鞋子和粮食,表示通过某种方式做某事要用介词by,故将at refusing 改为by refusing。 \'tz|
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例:Algebra is the branch of mathematics concerned with L$c%u
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operations on sets of numbers or other elements '4lT*KN7\
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that are often represented at symbols. ,h.Jfo54,
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分析:D错,应改为by。动作的发出者应该用介词by来引导。 (`.qG
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三、谓语动词 8kM0
(一) 谓语动词的主谓一致 '#
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①、主谓分割原则 G^@Jgx3n
例1:To the citizens of the United States, the bald eagle, =)1YYJTe9
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America's national bird, symbolize strength and freedom. $0S#d@v}
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分析:C错,应改为symbolizes。主语谓语用逗号分割开,主语the bald eagle为单数,谓语动词也应该用单数形式。 m<,G:?RM
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②、与后者一致原则 A.C278^O8
not…but, 强调but后面的名词, o7a6 )2JK
not only…but also <Dj$0g
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③、与前者一致原则 s.I1L?s1w?
名词+with/together with/as well as/including+复数名词,谓语用is, 5az
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中心词在前面,谓语动词应该与前面的名词保持一致 ZR-s{2sl
例:The athlete, together with his coach and Kg TGxCH
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several relatives, are traveling to the Olympic Games. P2Qyz}!wo
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分析:D错,与谓语动词与the athlete 保持一致,改为is qzlMn)e
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④、就近原则 jl e%|8m&@
or, either…or, neither…nor, Bpm5dT;
单数名词+or+复数名词+are hr!f:D
如果把句子变为一般疑问句,也就是把be动词提到前面,那么变为is T:g4D z*2\
所以注意一点: 如果是陈述句,靠后面近,用复数 78a-3){
如果是疑问句,靠前面近,用单数 '=Kof1
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例:The structure or behavior of many protozoans are I~
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amazingly complex for single-celled animals. Y7:Y{7E7
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分析:A错,应改为and。从谓语动词是复数形式判断,主语应该为复数,or连接两个名词时动词和后面的名词保持一致,behavior是用单数形式,因此只有改为并列连词and才能使主谓在数上保持一致。 ]Ic?:lKN
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⑤定语从句主语就近原则 `Ge +(1x
There are five apples that are red. CmJ?_>
apples是复数,因此从句谓语动词是复数。 7Js>!KR
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例:A rocket burns propellant rapidly and most rockets sR>`QIi(a
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carry a supply that last just a few seconds. M)`HK
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分析:D错,应改为lasts。从句的逻辑主语a supply为单数,其谓语动词应为单数形式。 0tW<LR-}E
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⑥the +形容词主谓一致 CCW%G,$U9
The rich are not always happier than the poor. %su}Ru
The rich 表示一类人,应该用复数 OB I+<2`Oc
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⑦、倒装句的主谓一致
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改错题倒装句的主谓一致一般考两种情况: [:nx);\
a. there be 句型 {*?sVAvj
there be+名词+名词,那么最近的名词决定其形式 V\@jC\-5Vt
b. between/ among 放在句首+be+名词,名词其实是主语,所以be和名词保持一致 *?^Z)C>
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例:There are no known society in which left-handed people predominate. 2ec$xms
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分析:there be 句型由最近的名词决定其形式,society当然用单数,A错,there are 改为there is "K|)<6J
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例:Between the foothills of the Andes and the Pacific =y<">-
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Ocean are a dry coastal strip averaging about 30
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miles in width. x],8yR)R
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分析:倒装句,are改为is ;YK!EMM4!h
w=f0*$ue+w
例:Among the favorite attractions at the National Air and @gt)P4yE
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Space Museum in Washington D.C. are the film (;;J,*NP
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presented on the five-story-tall screen. iD>G!\&