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楼主  发表于: 2007-09-22   

考博语法攻略大全

改错题常考要点 =7TWzUCO#  
一、代词 pSC{0Y$g  
代词中主要讲解六个问题 DZL(G [  
(一) 掌握代词的几种格 gQik >gFr  
  主格、宾格、所有格 V^FM-bg%9  
  名词前面用代词来修饰,只能用所有格(my books) **__&X p1  
32+N?[9 *  
(二) 反身代词 \mu';[gLd  
当主语和宾语表示同一事物时,宾语使用反身代词。 9$v\D3<Z  
  He killed himself. (他自杀了) QE"$Lc)  
  He killed him. (他杀了他) +7OE,RoQ  
,B;mG]_  
例:Researchers at the University of Colorado are investigating  "?k'S{;  
    A                 B    bny@AP(CY+  
  a series of indicators that could help +Q_xY>ej  
             C      qDswFs(  
  themselves to predict earthquakes. sCy.i/y  
    D =>Ae]mi 7  
分析:D错,应改为them。如果用反身代词themselves,指代对象是从句主语that(即名词indicators),这显然是错误的。从句意来看,help的宾语应该是主句主语researchers,故应用代词宾格而不是反身代词。注意C并没有错,情态动词could 比can语气弱,表示较小的可能性。 H h](n<Bs  
Indicator为征兆,这些征兆帮助他们来预言地震。主语是征兆,后面指研究者,不是同一个事物 1*9Yy~w  
xF) .S@  
(三) 代词的单复数,代词的性别 lbIW1z%:sy  
在考试中如果代词打横线,代词错误的概率是非常高的,因此代词打横线,应该先看代词有没有错。 :.H@tBi*E  
 A|IPQ=  
例:The continental divide refers to an imaginary line in the North American Rockies gjT`<CW  
  that divides the waters flowing into the Atlantic Ocean from it flowing into the uq:'`o-1  
     A   B      C          D M[b~5L+S  
  Pacific. WR.7%U';  
UBM 8l  
分析:D错,应改为those。D指代复数名词waters, it是单数,显然是错误的,根据习惯故改为those。注意waters一词并没有错,它指江湖河海中的大片水域,可用复数形式。 RToX[R;1E  
\iEJ9V  
Water作为水是不可数名词,waters表示水域,通常使用复数形式,作主语谓语动词用复数。 Ca"i<[8  
Work作为工作是不可数名词,work作为作品,可数不可数都可以,例如: *sfz+8Y  
  Many of his works= much of his work, work都表示作品 h*P0;V`UX  
Jz;`L3m  
例:In 1920 the presidential candidate Warren Harding coined (o6 u ^#6  
                       A   t@cBuV`9c  
  the word“normalcy”to express social and Qw% 0<~<  
             B Grd9yLF  
   economic conditions they promised the nation. 0\$Lnwp_  
   C       D [MC}zd'/  
分析:D错,应改为he。动作promised是由Warren Harding发出来的,故用第三人称单数he来指代。 8r\xQr'8h  
mOjl0n[To]  
例:Many critics believe that Amy Lwell' s most important +xmZK<{<  
        A     /s:akLBaD  
  work is not poetry, but his biography, John QQ,w:OjA0  
   B        C      m} =<@b:l  
  Keats, published the year of her death.  v#sx9$K T  
      D ~ YZi"u  
分析:C错,应改为her。his指男性,显然是错误的,应改为her与后面的her同指Amy Lowell. Ox/va]e7"  
v:j4#pEWD  
s{ j3F  
(四) Who和which的区别 :TWHmxch  
which指代事物或者动物,who指代人 L/cbq*L  
who/whom son往往要改为whose son, whose可以指代事物 -3b0;L&4>x  
K i @8  
例:The human body contains more than six hundred muscles who 8%U )EU  
              A            B 5 4LCoG/  
  account for approximately forty percent of the body weight. (C QgT3V  
   C                  D 1Kebl  
分析:B错,应改为which或that。先行词不是指人,而是指物,关系代词不能用who,故改为which或that。 %s)E}cGH  
人体前面加定冠词the, account for 占有多大的比例,解释说明 IWpUbD|kC  
(/Y  gcT  
(五) that和which的区别 'XQv> J  
介词后面使用which, 而不用that, in that除外 p-/x Md  
q C|re!K  
例:When television was first introduced, the extent to that it cRfX  
              A        B KoXXNJax  
  would affect society could not have been foreseen. n2O7n @8  
      C              D 1Q;` <=  
分析:B错,应改为which。The extent to which, 介词加which(引导定语从句),影响社会的程度没有被预见 SoY&R=  
4-n.4j|  
(六) 定语从句的特殊省略 @+!d@`w:z2  
Reason后面有定语从句,中间往往省略why, U&a] g kr  
Time后面有定语从句,中间往往省略when %E!0,y,:  
   I do remember the time I heard the sweetest voice in the wild world. G`W+m*[U+M  
way后面有定语从句,中间省略了in which u1kbWbHu(  
\%^3Izsc  
例:Research on pain has been neglected, although the mainly jH G(d$h  
              A         B   Z,&ywMm/G  
  reason people take medicine is to relieve pain. K^vMIoh  
         C      D NV;tsuA|  
分析:B错,应改为main。mainly为副词,不能个饰后面的名词,故改为形容词main。句子中people take medicine修饰reason,定语从句引导词被省略 y|mR'{$I  
U#P#YpD;==  
例:Commercial expansion from city to suburb has  +Lr0i_al  
  affected the way people in the United States----. M/qiA.C@W  
   (A) living and working NlMx!f>b%/  
   (B) they live and work s5dh]vNN  
   (C) live and work Xz@>sY>Jc  
   (D) to live and to work ?~{xL"  
分析:选择C, the way people....影响了人们生活和工作的方式。 Kna'5L5"  
+1%6-g4 "  
二、介词 tQ67XAb  
介词是考试中出现的比较多的一个部分,而其中考的最多的就是介词的固定搭配问题。由于篇幅问题,我们在这里仅仅举出几个例题,在说明书手册中我们完整的列出了所有的介词搭配,这些列出的搭配在以前的语法题中出现过,只不过有的时候是正确的选项,有的时候重复考。 #@fypCc  
@:@rks&  
(一) 介词搭配 -iHhpD9"X  
#rwR)9iC0  
例:The teeth in the upper jaw function together those 2v C=.1k  
    A         B   C      K&h6#[^\d  
  in the lower jaw to cut, tear, and grind food. Ymu=G3-  
                D $\ '\@3o  
分析:和…一起,应该为together with,C错 #`$7$Y~]  
7w*&Yg]  
例:The Allegheny Mountain range is rich of coal. M=A9a x  
A       B     C  D hz%I xI9  
分析:B错改为be rich in 0Pk-FSY|f  
`^kST><  
例:The rotation of the Earth on its axis is responsible to the hd;I x%tq>  
    A         B      C Kc0OLcu^d  
  alternation of periods of light and darkness. =*Xf(mhc  
             D 3XtGi<u  
分析:C错,应改为responsible for。形容词responsible后接名词作宾语时要加介词for。 MVdx5 ,t  
v"+E Bfx  
b3lpNJ J  
(二) 最重要的两个介词 k Dt)S$N4n  
1、介词of 多余或者遗漏 (SK 5pU  
例:Mosquitoes usually lay eggs, singly or in batches, on top stagnant water. 8B/9{8  
          A      B  C     D  w)n]}k  
分析:D错,应改为top of stagnant。on top of …是因定表达法,意为“在…上面”。 _4$DnQ6&  
Fr3t [:D  
例:Christopher Plummer is a Canadian actor who has nif' l/@"  
                 A  B     ;7k7/f:  
  starred in stage, television, and film productions on /g''-yT7#  
      C )6^xIh  
  both sides the Atlantic Ocean. 3H2;mqq  
      D Ai18]QD-  
分析:D错,应改为sides of the。 sides为名词,the Atlantic Ocean也是名词,中间明显少了一个介词。 .`N` M9  
@98SC}}u  
2、介词by  22~X~=  
一种情况表示被动,be+过去分词+by mtddLd,  
另一种表示通过……的方式, by doing uTGvXKL7  
例:The ceremony of marriage in the United States d/rz0L  
    A         B       '/g+;^_cB  
   can be performed from a justice of the peace. y|{?>3  
   C     D :-" jK w  
分析:D错,应改为performed by。谓语动词是被动式,performed的动作执行者应该由介词by来引导。 MWh+h7k'  
gEHfsR=D6  
例:Along the east coast ,American Indian women's councils d ovwB`5  
   A                      _4B iF?1  
   could veto a declaration of war at refusing to .BDRD~kB  
     B    C       D \ZWmef  
   supply moccasins and field rations. ik0Q^^1?Y  
分析:D错,应改为by refusing。通过拒绝提供鞋子和粮食,表示通过某种方式做某事要用介词by,故将at refusing 改为by refusing。 \'tz|  
b:cK>fh0_  
例:Algebra is the branch of mathematics concerned with L$c%u  
        A                y"p-8RVk{  
  operations on sets of numbers or other elements '4lT*KN7\  
        B          C   yPG\ &Bo  
  that are often represented at symbols. ,h.Jfo54,  
              D A<X :K nl  
分析:D错,应改为by。动作的发出者应该用介词by来引导。 (`.qG &6p  
三、谓语动词 8kM0  
(一) 谓语动词的主谓一致 '# Iu Y  
①、主谓分割原则 G^@Jgx3n  
例1:To the citizens of the United States, the bald eagle, =)1YYJTe9  
     A     S Y>,kwHO  
   America's national bird, symbolize strength and freedom. $0 S#d@v}  
        B      C      D 5J\|gZQF  
分析:C错,应改为symbolizes。主语谓语用逗号分割开,主语the bald eagle为单数,谓语动词也应该用单数形式。 m<,G:?RM  
V&j.>Y  
②、与后者一致原则 A.C278^O8  
not…but, 强调but后面的名词, o7a6 )2JK  
not only…but also <Dj$0g  
= EChH@3  
/xm#:+Sc  
③、与前者一致原则 s.I1L?s1w?  
名词+with/together with/as well as/including+复数名词,谓语用is, 5az 4NT  
中心词在前面,谓语动词应该与前面的名词保持一致 ZR-s{2sl  
例:The athlete, together with his coach and KgTGxCH  
     A      B  C     MLD>"W  
  several relatives, are traveling to the Olympic Games. P2Qyz}!wo  
         D CX ]\Q-y  
分析:D错,与谓语动词与the athlete 保持一致,改为is qzlMn)e  
HMS9y%zl/  
④、就近原则 jle%|8m&@  
or, either…or, neither…nor, Bpm5dT;  
单数名词+or+复数名词+are hr!f: D  
如果把句子变为一般疑问句,也就是把be动词提到前面,那么变为is T:g4D z*2\  
所以注意一点: 如果是陈述句,靠后面近,用复数 78a-3){  
        如果是疑问句,靠前面近,用单数 '=K of1  
#?$'nya*u  
例:The structure or behavior of many protozoans are I~ ]Q55  
        A      B        qzH qj;  
  amazingly complex for single-celled animals. Y7:Y{7E7  
    C              D mj(&`HRs4  
分析:A错,应改为and。从谓语动词是复数形式判断,主语应该为复数,or连接两个名词时动词和后面的名词保持一致,behavior是用单数形式,因此只有改为并列连词and才能使主谓在数上保持一致。 ]Ic?:lKN  
@( n^S?(  
⑤定语从句主语就近原则 `Ge+(1x  
There are five apples that are red. CmJ?_>  
apples是复数,因此从句谓语动词是复数。 7Js>!KR  
{n'qKur xY  
例:A rocket burns propellant rapidly and most rockets sR>`QIi(a  
      A            &weY8\ HD  
  carry a supply that last just a few seconds. M)`HK .  
   B   C    D hSkc9jBF  
分析:D错,应改为lasts。从句的逻辑主语a supply为单数,其谓语动词应为单数形式。 0tW<LR-}E  
dDqr B-G  
⑥the +形容词主谓一致 CCW%G,$U9  
The rich are not always happier than the poor. %su}Ru  
The rich 表示一类人,应该用复数 OBI+<2`Oc  
y NrinYw  
⑦、倒装句的主谓一致 e'~-`Z9-)  
改错题倒装句的主谓一致一般考两种情况: [:nx);\  
a. there be 句型 {*?sVAvj  
there be+名词+名词,那么最近的名词决定其形式 V\@jC\-5Vt  
b. between/ among 放在句首+be+名词,名词其实是主语,所以be和名词保持一致 *?^Z)C>  
2/v35| ?  
例:There are no known society in which left-handed people predominate. 2ec$xms  
   A     B      C    D    *%T)\\H2  
分析:there be 句型由最近的名词决定其形式,society当然用单数,A错,there are 改为there is "K|)<6J  
* MSBjH|  
 Y8)E]D  
例:Between the foothills of the Andes and the Pacific =y< ">-  
             A     B    y:[BP4H?y  
  Ocean are a dry coastal strip averaging about 30 eeW' [  
     C         0$eyT-:d  
  miles in width. x],8yR)R  
     D  Fw_ (q!  
分析:倒装句,are改为is ;YK!EMM4!h  
w=f0*$ue+w  
例:Among the favorite attractions at the National Air and @gt)P4yE  
   A    B       C         *:=];1 O  
  Space Museum in Washington D.C. are the film (;;J,*NP  
                    D DE*MdfP0  
  presented on the five-story-tall screen. iD>G!\&  
分析:D错,应改为films , 主语实际上是名词,应该与谓语动词保持一致。 X^zYQ6t  
v~ ^ks{  
⑧、百分比结构的主谓一致 1&"-*)  
fifty percent of + 名词 x}tKewdOSe  
one percent of + 名词 Wgxn`6  
谓语动词的形式和百分比多少没有关系,主要取决于后面的名词,比如: >f&xJq  
  one percent of my students + are G/ v|!}?wG  
  fifty percent of my time is spent on working. 'oleB_B  
\Ut6;  
这里要强调两个结构 f?,-j>[.=f  
half of =fifty percent ?n!lUr$:y  
most of + 可数名词 + are C&=x3Cz  
most of + 不可数名词+ is Pj'62[5z  
> &bv\R/  
例:Nearly half of the ancient meteor craters has been $bk>kbl P  
   A       B         C   (~S<EUc$  
  found in central and eastern Canada. &k1/Z*/  
           D UM<@t%|>  
分析:C错,应改为have been。介词of的宾语为复数名词短语,作主语的中心词half当然表复数,相应的谓语动词应为复数形式。 ~eDI$IO  
Z;hyi'rPJ  
例:Approximately fifty percent of the package utilized F&xv z2G  
                 A   B  ] bIt@GB  
  in the United States are for foods and beverages. ~%`EeJwT  
              C     D My. dD'C  
分析:A错,应改为packages。从谓语动词用复数形式判断出主语是复数名词。注意food用复数表示不同种类的食品,beverage用复数表示不同种类的饮料,故(C)、(D)均没有错。 wTT RoeJ}  
ugno]5Ni  
(二) 谓语动词的时态 /mc*Hc 8R8  
①、主要考察时间状语 hGvqT,'  
-TgUyv.  
例 The metal aluminum has been first isolated early in the nineteenth century. 0{Bf9cH  
   A        B  C     D H.:9:I[n  
6z Ay)~  
分析:Metal, aluminum同位语,in the nineteenth century为明显表示过去时间的状语, 因此应该用过去时态,把has been改为was "=qv#mZ#9  
_ \l HI  
:<|Z.4}kJb  
②、For和since的区别 \7yJ\I  
区别一:For 后面使用时间段,since 后面使用时间点 v;Es^ YI  
区别二:Since 只能用在现在完成时态,For 最主要用在现在完成时和一般过去时 g92dw<$>  
  I has been a teacher for three years. (-\]A|  
  I has been a teacher since 1996. c}%es=@  
  I was a teacher for three years. 这种表达可以,for three years表示一段时间,was 表示过去做了三年,现在不是老师了 e8{^f]5  
(etUEb^}T  
例: Since 1921 the budget of the United States became PK+ x6]x  
   A      B              X'@'/[?  
  the primary responsibility of the president. zka?cOmYF[  
     C    D -KiR j!v |  
分析:A错,应改 In. since一般要求主句用完成时态,而句中谓语动词为过去式,其时间状语应与之呼应,故改Since为In。 .a,(pq Jg  
!R74J=#(  
例:Adella Prentiss Hrghes served as manager of ^!}F%  
             A  B  C   uf]Y^,2  
  the Cleveland Orchestra since fifteen years. 7/?DPwbx  
            D 'irGve x  
分析:D错,应改为for。since引导时间状语时,主句谓语动词为一般完成时;主句谓语动词为一般过去时要用介词for;而且一段时间用for, 而不是since。 &hI>L  
 %}h`+L  
A#35]V06  
52. In general, prawns lived in shallow coastal waters or in streams.  \i0-o8q@I  
   A       B        C     D 1"O&40l  
自然现象和客观事实用一般现在时态,live RL*]g*  
dF e4K"  
(三) 谓语的语态 BSKEh"f  
语态主要表示是主动语态还是被动语态。 RM,'o[%  
有四组动词是改错题中常考的: ~KRnr0  
①、prove vLDi ;  
My advice proved to be wrong. 我的建议被证明是错的 \f"1}f  
尽管是被证明,但习惯上用主动; G3dh M#!  
?E7=:h(@t  
例:A majority of the reports received from people claiming M/#U2!iFk  
                      A   %ek"!A  
  to have seen the legendary Loch Ness Monster have proven to be ,QvYTJ{  
    B                  C + |C=ZU  
  mistakes, misconceptions, or they were being tricked. -~O/NX  
                  D 7|Dn+ =  
分析:D错,应改为tricks。并列连词 or在此连接名词,如果把D理解为并列句,不仅时态不对,语义也有问题,故将整个句子改为名词。have proven to be是正确的。 iyj3QLqE  
Hf%_}Du /`  
c~+l-GIWm  
②、Locate,Situate O]{*( J/t  
这两个词可以用作主动,表示把…放置在…地方;确定…的位置 Dm%%e o  
  Bats locate obstacles.蝙蝠确定障碍物的位置 aZKXD! 4  
这两个词也可以用作被动 y5u\j{?Te  
  My school was located near the river. _~A~+ S}  
区分locate的主动和被动比较难,但是有一个技巧存在:locate如果用作主动,后面必须跟宾语 Hku=pr3Gn  
例:The center of gravity of the human body ---- behind the hip joint. Y<Q\d[3^F  
   (A)locates z+/LS5$  
   (B)locating 1[DS'S  
   (C)to locate "={L+di:M  
   (D)is located 2 B` 8eb  
分析:空格处显然缺谓语动词,故首先排除不能作谓语的B和C。动词locate后面没有宾语,所以用作被动,表示“位于”,所以D为正确选项。 FH*RU1Z  
b Us|t  
③、表示需要概念的动词 V@Wcb$mgk  
need, want, require等 :woa&(wN;1  
{?i)K X^  
My watch needed repairing Y6ben7j%-  
My watch needed to be repaired. kCA5|u  
io4aYB\  
④、表示人的情感的动词 =.b Y#4  
move, annoy, surprise, please等  I=[cZ;t  
`o si"o9  
He is so moving.  他令人感到感动。 D$nK`r  
He is greatly moved. 他感到非常感动。 GZ8:e3ri  
<zfKC  
主动和被动技巧总结: U)[ty@zyF  
如果句子中有一个“过去分词+by”, 如果断定它是谓语的话,前面必然有be动词 2jA%[L9d^  
AuCWQ~  
例:The Tennessee Valley Authority has chartered by the wFL3& *  
                 A      CLN+I'uX0  
  United States Congress in 1933 to construct dams, Q)^g3J  
                 B 5 =Z!hQ}  
  power structures, and flood-control works along ~m`!;rE  
                    C 0YS?=oi  
  the Tennessee River and its tributary streams. EXpSh}  
                D )}-$A-p#  
分析:A错,应改为has been chartered。由信号词by可知前面的谓语动词为被动语态形式。 DU{bonR`  
CBHc A'L  
四、非谓语动词 @2' %o<lF  
!k<:k "7  
(一) 分词 7GZq|M_:y  
现在分词和过去分词的区别 +t]Xj1Q  
①、用于句首作状语,现在分词表示主动,过去分词表示被动 n q;#_Rkr  
K/Y Agg  
例:Won its war for independence in 1783, the United States then Q$=*aUU%G  
   A +LzovC@^  
  struggled to establish its own economic and financial system. \*"`L3  
     B      C            D =n0*{~r  
分析:分词作状语,主要看是主动还是被动,美国赢得应该是主动,所以A错,改won为winning \G;CQV#{9  
L11L23:  
②、用于名词后面作后置定语,现在分词表示主动,过去分词表示被动 `WlE| G[  
例:In the nineteenth century the Mohave Indians lived in #`/QOTnm2c  
      A               B   vA-PR&  
  the Northern Hemisphere grew their crops on river bottom lands. OE"<!oIs  
               C         D /iC_!nu  
分析:B错,生活在什么地方的人,人生活是主动,因此改为living  5$Kf] ZP  
>XE`h 9  
=nhzMU9c\y  
一些动词后面必须用doing |:2c$zq  
对于加doing的词来说,考试中一般出现一个,下面这些词都是要加doing的,请考生牢记。 ULl_\5s2  
 mind, finish, enjoy, celebrate, 8(A{;9^g  
 advocate, suggest ,sDr9h/'C3  
 delay, quit l3J$md|f  
 forgive(原谅),tolerate, -p8e  
 avoid, escape(逃避) \ 4gXY$`@  
 spend+名词+doing; ,")F[%v  
 have trouble/difficult/a problem/ +doing H;I~N*ltJ(  
`&g:d E(j  
例:Long before the dawn of recorded history, humans celebrated to harvest their #s+Q{2s  
   A     B    C              D #x~_`>mDN  
  crops. yGEb7I$h  
分析:D错,应改为harvesting。及物动词celebrate直接带名词、名词短语或动名词短语作宾语,故将to harvest改为harvesting。 `-O= >U5nH  
)w"0w(   
例:Some experts have advocated to bring that country into the talks, 4<}A]BQVkJ  
               A        B h5- d;RKE  
  to revive the intermittent dialogue that began after the 1967 Middle East War. KO,_6>8]U  
        C          D n\= (S9  
分析:A错,advocate 后面直接跟doing, 改为advocate bringing OCW+?B;  
o}~3JBn T  
(二) 不定式 *Nlu5(z  
A. 动词不定式的省略 D[~}uZ4\  
①、help后面可以省略to `d *b]2  
  help to do c]v +  
  help sb. to do Mi74Xl i  
G (\Ckf:  
例:A good exercise program helps teach people to avoid p >aw  
              A      B   EcW1;wH  
  the habits that might shorten the lives. S=O$JP79  
         C     D !K\itOEP-  
分析:D错,应改为their. 定冠词在句中不如代词所有格明确,如果lives后面有定语就可以用the。注意(A)并没有错,help后面可以接不带to的不定式。 ^s*\Qw{Ii  
:bv|Ah  
②、使役动词后面要省略to, 这样的动词只有三个 -eL'KO5'  
  make, F< |c4  
  let,  !!+Da>  
  have sb. do sth PYieD}'  
  注意get不是使役动词,get sb. to do sth. ]) n0MF)p  
例:A conductor used signals and gestures to let the musicians {8:o?LnMW  
        A               B ;[~^( . f  
  to know when to play various parts of a composition. i+AUQ0Zbf6  
   C     D :#SNpn=@  
分析:let是使役动词,后面不需要to, C改为know Omb.53+  
~04[KG  
③、感官动词 M.[wKGX(  
   hear, feel, watch, see, notice, observe o^PuhVu  
   see sb do sth. 强调过程 9K$]h2  
   see sb doing sth 正在做某事 ^j iE9k)  
6ZEdihBei  
LE| <O  
B. 动词不定式的固定用法 _H2tZ%RM  
(1)表示第一人 5Hy3\_ +  
the first woman to do sth. ~o Fh>9u  
%`oHemSy  
(2)表示迫使的动词 s7M}NA 0  
一般考三个, allow/ enable/ call, +sb. + to do Gc^t%Ue-H)  
P57GqT  
例:Besides providing clues to the nature of atoms, mineral analysis :iEAUM  
     A                 B    B~r U1Y)  
  allows to speculate geologists about the ancient Earth. @Wz%KdXA  
       C           D 7vq DZg  
分析:allow...to do是固定短语,allow的宾语应在不定式之前,即把C改为: allow geologists to speculate。 19&)Yd1  
m2ox8(sd  
j%u8=  
(3)表示倾向…的形容词 HT-PWk>2  
  be more likely to do 更有可能作某事 nqeVV &b!  
  be inclined to do倾向于做某事 e3pnk =u  
  be lieable to do 易于…的 GjLW`>  
  be apt to do AbG&9=Ks  
<k5`&X!+  
(4)表示目的的名词, UI_v3c3b  
一共有7个这样的词,这一条也是最重要的。 J7Sx!PQ  
固定的句式: L^x5&CCwk  
the purpose , the purpose of sth is to do sth. UtPwWB_YV  
the objective 目标 jVs(x  
aim tStJ2-5*t  
goal St_S l:m$  
reason理由 p_;r%o=  
function功能 '?b\F~$8   
intension意图 }q]jjs  
d#4Wj0x  
例:The function of Louis Sullivan's architecture was providing moe/cO5a9  
                       A  py=i!vb&Z%  
  large uninterrupted floor areas and to allow ample light into the interior. 1j+eD:d'  
           B          C     D 4NJVW+:2  
分析:the function to provide, A错 PH[4y:^DN  
PQi }Evxa  
例:The chief goal of biochemistry is for understanding the structure l -XnB   
                  A       ss*5.(y  
  and behavior of the carbon-containing compounds _E&U?>g+  
     B  zWJKYFqK  
  that make up various components of a living cell. |K6nOX!i  
    C    D u 6f4yQ  
分析:the chief goal is to understand, A错 kF#{An)P  
y _6 r/z^  
(5) 其他同根名词 K[n<+e;G  
 ability to do 受到be able to 的影响 {({ R:!c  
 attempt to do 企图 Zi ma^IL  
 decision to do 决定, 受decide的影响 I{Rz,D uAL  
 ambition, FX cc1X/  
 be ambitious to do  % /~os2R  
 effort $x/J+9Ww  
Q:kwQg:~  
例:For ancient people, myths were often attempts explanation .iN-4"_j1  
  A                    B   x,}ez  
  catastrophic events such as volcanic eruptions. y(V&z"wk[  
          C       D  PE^eP}O1  
分析:B错,应改为to explain。 attempts后应跟动词不定式短语表目的,故将名词explanation改为to explain。 RzMA\r;#  
9fCiLlI  
例:In the early 1960's the Civil Rights movement made great LAj}kW~  
  A                   B   }#1U D  
  efforts for registering members of minorities to vote. kx:c*3q.k  
       C            D K<D`(voL  
分析:efforts to register, C错 8.:B=A  
ys:1Z\$P  
xV"6d{+  
C. 动词不定式的其他用法 ^- u [q- !  
(1) be to do 表示已安排好或者注定要发生的动作,属于将来时态的范畴 U f=vs(  
She and Anne are to meet at two o'clock. >fW+AEt\JB  
2,rY\Nu_  
(2)不定式的完成式为“to have done”,表示不定式的动作在谓语动作之前发生,这个完成式通常表示一般过去时 ZD$-V 3e`  
I am glad to see you. VaOpO8y`  
I am glad to have seen your mother yesterday. 4he v ;  
yesterday是一般过去时,修饰have seen. b #o}=m  
&*Q|d*CP  
(3) 形容词后面使用动词不定式,主动表示被动 %i;r]z-  
It is difficult to decide. v!WU |=u  
}S'I DHla  
@9 n #vs  
五、句子的结构 `I]1l MJ)o  
句子的结构主要考查四个出题方向。 *+_fP|cv  
L7~+x^kw  
(一) 主语的重复 [lDt0l5^  
名词+代词+谓语,这个代词永远是重复的主语,永远是错的 > gA %MT  
例:Woodrow Wilson he was an idealist who refused to make any '6Pu[^x  
          A      B      +G3nn!g l4  
  compromises concerning the establishment of the @lb=-oR!~  
          C          D =)"NE>  
  League of Nations. 7Va#{Y;Zy  
分析:代词he不是同位语,主语重复;如果是下面这样的主语,那么便是主语同位语 .N2nJ/   
A prolific writer, Woodrow Wilson C,sD?PcSi+  
,H#qgnp  
W TXD4}  
例:Two unique features of the Arctic they are *@$($<pY&  
        A        B  u8{@PlS  
  lack of precipitation and permanently frozen ground. ?<>,XyY  
    C         D [0**&.obz  
分析:选项B中的they和前面的主语two unique features重复 dw{#||  
.g(\B  
(二)谓语的重复 NIWI6qCw  
完整的句子后面又多了一个谓语,往往改为定语从句 @4 Os?_gJ\  
ul z\x2[Pf  
例:A paragraph is a portion of a text consists of  \>aa8LOe  
    A            B    &<fRej]v  
  one or more sentences related to the same idea. :?&WKW  
         C   D @ ^XkU(m  
分析:B错,应改为consisting of或which consists of。句中有两个无法连接的谓语动词,而且前一个谓语动词下面没有划线,故改consists为非谓语动词形式或在它前面加which使之成为从句谓语动词。 ]P}K3tN%]  
!S > |Qh  
(三)谓语的缺少 N18diP[C  
例:Most mammals to maintain a relatively constant body k_En_\c?p2  
          A     B    U4^p({\|-  
  temperature, regardless of what the air temperature might be. **w*hd]  
         C               D ^ T:qT*v  
分析:A错,应改为maintain。句中缺谓语动词,故去掉不定式符号to 使maintain变成谓语动词。 ;I`,ZKY  
#0YzPMV  
(四)主句的重复 p0y0T|H^  
主句的重复总是考even, instead, during, despite等引导的句子, 但是实际上它们无法把两个句子连接起来,因为它们都是副词或者介词,连接两个句子应该用连接词连接 @dT: 1s  
ai;gca_P#  
[-:<z?(n4  
例:Salmon spend most of their adult lives in salt water, despite } {gWTp  
      A         B        C   BhE~k?$9  
  they return to their freshwater birthplaces to spawn and die. 0i mqj7L  
     D u=v%7c2Mx}  
分析:C错,应改为though。despite是介词,后面一般接名词作宾语,而在句中它后面却跟着一个完整的句子,所以改为连词though。 (&Tb,H)=  
xJH9qc ME  
例:Solar eclipses occur during the Moon's shadow !+|N<`  
        A   B       L9unhx  
  sweeps across the face of the Earth. ~a8G 5M  
      C    D `9Q,=D+  
分析:B错,应改为when或as。介词不能引导条件状语从句,根据题意改为从属连词when或as。 2 cX"#."5p  
Zm8 u:  
例:Even many early leaders of the United States have provided I}G}+0geV  
   A                     B  M-qxD"VtV=  
  names for towns, only George Washington @#ho(_U8  
      C p`l[cV Q<  
  is remembered in the name of a state. D'sboOY  
          D M;TfD  
分析:A错,应改为Even though。even为副词,不能引导从句,根据题意,改为引导让步状语从句的Even though。 #u2&8-Gh  
六、比较级和最高级 |<Dx  
比较级和最高级的出题非常有规则,一共有5个出题方向,并且每次考试必然考两个 cmGj0YUQ1  
#+ lq7HJ1  
(一)    比较级或最高级形式上的重复 vL=--#  
例:The most easiest process for mining gold is panning, which FnQ_=b  
      A               ^q N1~v=hS  
  involves using a circular dish with a small pocket at the bottom. /HJ(Wt q  
     B       C           D Z"% O&O  
分析:A错,应改为easiest。easiest本身已是最高级,不必再用most,这是最高级形式上的重复 sr($Bw  
5bznM[%xO  
(二)比较级和最高级之间的混用 LX?r=_\  
例:The greenest and plentifulest leaves are the leaves of grasses. ; # ?0#):-  
     A      B     C  D qpwh #^2  
分析:B错,应改为most plentiful。 plentiful是多音节形容词,须在前面加most构成最高级。 Lvj5<4h;  
Md?bAMnG+}  
例:The more fearsome of all the animals in the Western Hemisphere  hy&Hl  
     A       B     C   D B[_bJ *  
  is the grizzly bear. v7OV;e a$  
分析:A错,应该用最高级most,含有介词of, among, in 表示的范围状语使用最高级。 M^JZ]W(  
JO^ [@  
oY6|h3T=Q$  
(三)比较词than的前面一定要有比较级 P$qkb|D,  
改错题中,通常会看见than前面有一个原级 1o8"==n%  
5eSTT#[+R  
例:Film directors can take far great liberties in dealing with -r'seb5  
   A           B  +2fJ  
  concepts of time and space than stage directors can. NlEWm8u   
   C                 D w~KBk)!*  
分析:B错,应改为greater。根据后面有than一词可以判定前面的形容词用比较级形式,注意far, much 修饰比较级。 {2clOUi  
wfTv<WG,.E  
(四)在as…as以及否定not so…as, not as…as的中间使用形容词原级 #!&R7/ KdD  
as sweeter as, 这是不对的,应改为as sweet as jv=f@:[`I  
c% Cae3;  
(五)the 和比较级最高级的关系 o3=S<|V  
①、比较级前面可以出现the, 修饰后面的名词 6')SJ*|yS  
the taller boy `0XbV A  
2&K|~~  
②、副词的最高级加不加the均可以 k8wi-z[dV  
例:Although flies live longest in cool temperatures, it breed .'mC3E+ $  
          A            B e27CbA{_w  
  prolifically when temperatures are warm, food is _7"W\gn:9  
  abundant, and humidity is moderate. )hJjVitG  
    C          D a&aIkD  
分析:副词的最高级加不加the均可, 所以A正确,从从句的主语可以看出,B应该改为they !3 Z|!JY  
A'-YwbY  
③、形容词的最高级作定语前面必须使用the, 如果不作定语的话,加不加the均可以 )bU")  
例:Of all the Native Americans in the United States,  KP-z  
  A  B         C     vk+%#w  
  the Navajos form largest group. F8;4Oj  
         D E^W*'D  
分析:D错,应改为form the largest。形容词最高级前面要加定冠词。 n  >PM_W  
PxD}j 2Kd  
陷阱1, earliest, 有两种可能, ZLX`[   
一种可能是early的最高级,最早的语言,the earliest language WzbN=& C]h  
    另一种可能作名词,表示早期,必须和时间的名词连用,earliest time, earliest ages, 表示很早的年代,很早的时代,也就是说,如果以后碰上earliest后面加上times, ages, 前面不用加the 7#. PMyK9  
 !Ocg  
例:The belief in fairies have existed from earliest times, and the literature of many rPvX8*) tV  
            A      B         C _H<OfAO  
  countries includes tales of fairies and their relationship to humans. `2,_"9Z(  
            D x)Kh _ G  
分析:A错,应改为has existed。主语是单数名词the belief,而不是复数名词fairies,故谓语动词是单数形式。earliest times表示表示很早的时代是正确的。 T  FNU+  
,,wx197XeD  
陷阱2,如果最高级前面有所有格的话,不用加the ^F9zS `Yz2  
例如:my best friends 2#}IGZ`Yp/  
QnLg P7Ft  
例:Salt Lake City, Utah's capital and largest city, is industrial TiEJyd`P  
            A    B     C *`'%tp"'+  
  and banking center. 2czL 1Ci  
        D N ] /d  
分析:C错,应改为is an industrial center。center为可数名词,它的修饰词前面应有不定冠词。 5{aQ4H>~tx  
Utah's largest city, 题目中其实是省略了Utah's。 )?y"NVc*  
m?G+#k;K  
ys6"Q[B  
例:Faults in the Earth's crust are most evidently in sedimentary g]JI}O*5  
                 A         c2:kZxT  
  formations, where they interrupt previously continuous layers. qqre d>K  
    B   C     D 3PeJPw  
分析:A错,are的表语必须用evident, 为什么不加the, 因为作表语,而不是定语 8so}^2hTlT  
N Z9,9  
七、平行结构 SYLkC [0 k  
改错题考的最多的一个方向便是平行结构 Kx!|4ya,  
4HmRsOl  
P"<ad kr  
(一) 对等连接词 -bQvJ`iF  
一共有三类连接平行结构的词 >pHvBFa3G  
单一式: and, or ,but c3-bn #  
相关式: both…and, not … but, Ia" Mi+{  
     either …or, neither…nor ;yrcH+I$_  
     the same…as;as…as, not so…as, not as…as &_gmQ;%t:  
     such …as, so …that.. too…to, from…to, from…until, between…and, Yy1Pipv  
     not only…but also(also可以省略),Not only +主谓,also ^T>.04";x  
     not only…but also(also可以省略)+as well, ]TN}` ]  
UkQocZdZ  
短语式: as well as a)b@en;v  
     rather than (而不是) _~"3 LB  
     other than (除…之外) GrIdQi^8  
     instead of (代替) " WL  
ST.W{:X   
考试的方式往往是搭配中有一个单词是对的,另一个单词却不对 b2H6}s"=w  
例:John lived in New York since 1960 to 1975,  & 2^V<(19  
       A     B   c8MNo'h  
  but he is now living in Detroit. :#;?dMkTY  
       C   D iqYc&}k,  
分析:B错,应改为from。“从某年到某年”要用“from…to…”这个表达法,不能用since …to…。 o,I642R~  
4mg&H0 !  
例:Even as he wrote copiously on so diverse topics C:cu1Y9  
       A         B #'oKkrl  
  as education ,politics ,and religion ,Lewis Mumford ] 2'~e,"O  
  remained active in city and regional planning. hJ :+*46  
          C    D  ap! <8N  
分析:B错, 改为such diverse topics as, 出现as, 往往要注意前面一半 ;MD{p1w  
(二)平行的内容 &gfQ ZxT  
第一、引导词性的平行,词性的平行本质上是语法作用的平行 HN! l-z  
例:Photoperiodism is the functional or behavioral response of W` V  
             A         B   B~IOM  
  an organism to changes in duration of daily, seasonally, %;S5_K,  
         C            D >v{m^|QqB  
  or yearly periods of light and darkness. 2ou?:5i  
分析:D错,应改为seasonal。在daily, seasonally和yearly三个并列的词中,daily和yearly是形容词,seasonally是副词,故改为形容词seasonal,共同修饰名词periods,三个形容词的平行,词性平行 :H{8j}"  
$- L) >"  
[+GG Wo  
第二、名词单复数的平行 wpvaTHo  
但是如果既有可数名词,又有不可数名词,可以不平行 FoLw S%+yO  
Z3d&I]Tf  
例:The main advertising media include direct mail, V/Tp&+Z.c  
  A     B          C   4ET P  
  radio, television, magazines, and newspaper. (|-/S0AV  
                 D   | v+b?@  
分析:D错,应改为newspapers。newspaper为可数名词,在没有任何前置修饰语的情况下一般用复数形式,并且和前面的magazine平行,而mail, radio, television则是不可数名词。 7iJl W&W  
c-,/ qn/  
例:The Canadian province of Newfoundland has a rocky coast, a moisture climate, K;K tx>Z/  
                   A         B 9Y(<W_{/  
  and probably the best cod-fishing areas in the world. CH2o[&  
      C          D vgV0a{u"  
分析:海岸气候只有一个,但是钓鱼的地方可以有许多个,所以也是不可数名词和名词复数的平行;因此D没有错,A错改为have D 6(w}W  
wo/H:3^N  
第三、时态的平行 k$zDofdfp  
例:The poet Marianne Moore was initially associated h1"#DnK7  
                A     OG.`\G|  
  with the imagist movement , but later develops k3Y>QN|q8  
                   B czj[U|eB}=  
  her own thyme patterns and verse forms. 2c}kiqi{  
          C    D IL<5Suz:  
分析:B错,应改为developed。句中前半部分谓语为过去时,与之并列的谓语也应用过去时。 OS3J,f}<=  
PW}Yts7p  
例:Because the papaya grows readily from seed , ----- k;%}%"EVZ  
  spread from its home in Central America and 7BC9cS(0w9  
  now grows throughout the tropics. -Iq#h)Q*  
   (A) to be    (B) it   YpiSH(70`  
   (C) the     (D) its iVFn t!  
分析:正确答案为(B)。空格前是原因状语从句,后面紧接着是谓语动词,空格处明显缺主句主语。四个选项中只有B能单独作主语。注意spread是过去式,没有数的变化,因为这一动作明显发生在过去时间。spread 和grows为什么时态可以不平行呢? i'a M#4V  
原来它在Central America 的家乡传播,现在在整个地方传播,now只修饰后面的grow Th-zMQ4  
c;j]/ R$i  
例:Ducks have been domesticated for many centuries ---- ?)9 6YX'  
  commercially for their meat and eggs. ':HV9]k  
   (A) raised   (B) and are raised ct/I85c@P  
   (C) raised as  (D) are raised qoEOM%dAqV  
分析:正确答案为B。空格前是一个完整的句子,根据一个空格处如再出现谓语动词一定要有连词这一原则,B为惟一符合条件的选项。故选(B)。 k(s3~S2h  
sR 5dC_  
第四、排列位置的平行 2-8<u Uy  
例:---the surface of metal, but also weakens it. R(csJ4F  
   (A) Not only does rust corrode wTOB'  
   (B) Not only rust corrodes  ^E5Xpza  
   (C) Rust, which not only corrodes py)V7*CgH  
   (D) Rust not only corrodes )]v vp{  
分析:正确答案为D。从but also放在动词前可知,not only也须置于动词前,故选D。A、B中的Not only位置放错了,C使句子缺主句,故排除。 ak<?Eu9rV  
JBuorc  
对于not only, but also的用法有以下几种: ym-212wl  
 1、主语+not only +谓语,but also+谓语,正确;例如上面例题中的第四个选项。 55hJRm3  
 2、Not only +主谓,but also+主谓,正确 X\M0Q%8  
 3、Not only +主语+谓语,but also+谓语,错误 u'}DG#@-  
iHTxD1 D+H  
八、词序的颠倒 y9:|}Vh  
词序的颠倒一般只考一道,90%的情况集中于下面三个出题方向 N-lXC"{)  
(一) 先说形容词,再说名词 V<+d o|@F  
例:The Medal of Honor is the highest award military for courage |rsu+0Mtz  
              A    B        +i{&"o4}  
  that can be given to any individual in the United States. B>gC75  
      C       D    `$Q $l  
分析:B错,军事的荣誉是military award而不是award military,单个形容词修饰名词时一般放在被修饰词的前面。 KrG$W/<tg  
GQT|T0>Ro  
i_I`Y  
(二) 副词+形容词+名词 9].!mpR  
例:Certain types of computers work properly only vfmKYiLp  
          A      B     5q@o,d  
  in environments with controlled precisely temperatures. 2#ypM9  
    C         D v"\Q/5p  
分析:D错,应改为precisely controlled,精确的被控制的温度。controlled为过去分词用作形容词,修饰它的副词应放在其前面,它自己则要紧挨着被修饰的名词。 e~jp< 4  
>|mmJ4T  
BIS5u4  
(三)主语系动词, 系动词 + 表语 A03,X;S+  
"m(HQ5e)*  
例:During the 1600's skilled shoemakers scarce were 8+Oyhd*|  
          A   B     C   { +MqXeq  
  in what is now the United States. PudwcP {  
    D <LH( >  
分析:C错,应改为were scarce。表语应该放在系动词后面。 AI/xOd!a  
nu|;(ly  
所有的系动词分为三大类: ut fD$8UI  
第一种:表示保持某种状态, u6$fF=  
    is, remain, keep, stay, pd/{yX M  
    lie, exit(表示位于) `gSqwN<x%  
第二种,从一种状态转变到另一种状态 >a5CW~Z]  
    become, turn, grow, Ws{2+G~  
    get (It is getting warmer and warmer) IEmtt^C  
wk' |gI[W  
第三种,感官动词 2a 3i]e5Kt  
    seem(好像是) wRCGf ILw  
    look(看起来好像是) =I-SQI8  
    feel, sound, appear, smell, taste b<u   
enough修饰形容词或副词时,一般放在形容词或副词后面。 Wz`MEyj  
例: The eruptions of Mt. St. Helens were enough severe |W[BqQIf  
    A               B     ep>*]'  
   to cause numerous deaths. }uz*6Z(S  
        C   D  }`FC'!(   
分析:B错,应改为sever enough。severe是形容词, enough放在severe后面。 Yg3Vj=  
:7 Ro9z8  
九、词性的混用 Y_ b;1RN  
词汇量的掌握对词性的使用非常重要,但是如果对出题方向有更好的把握,将会弥补词汇量的不足。 p(g0+.?`~  
60ccQ7=  
(一)做表语时形容词和副词的混用 qv>?xKSm  
做表语永远用形容词,绝对不能用副词; 5xtIez]x?  
Z/n\Ak sE  
例:Giant pandas, which inhabit restricted areas of high Q ;V `  
          A        B      Y]!8Ymuww@  
  mountain bamboo forests, are rarely today and  } Wx#"6  
              C ]A+q:kP  
  when they are in captivity they breed poorly. 2Z!%Q}Do  
          D vN'Y);$  
分析:错,应改为are rare。rarely为副词,不能作表语,故改为形容词rare(罕见的,稀少的) "^_9t'0  
nK=-SQ  
#z$FxZT<b  
(二)加宾语时名词和动名词的混用 fbgq+f `\  
后面加宾语当然要用动名词 XMzL\Edo  
例:Tilling means preparation the soil to plant the seeds hYO UuC  
         A       B      Ry2rQM`  
  and keeping the soil in the best condition to =iF}41a  
          C        t F^|,9_<  
  help the crop grow until it is ready3 for harvesting. *E lR  
            D 46^LPC"x  
分析:A错,应改为preparing。preparation为名词,后面不能接宾语,改为动名词preparing后既能接宾语,又与后面的keeping构成并列关系。 ZtG5vdf  
AT.WXP0$A  
例:Langston Hughes, a prolific writer of the 1920's, c@iP^;D  
            A       ?L.c~w;l  
   was concerned with the depicting the experience of 0=  ]RG  
      B      C pI*/ - !I  
   urban Black people in the United States. ,2hZtJ<A  
   D Id-?her>B  
分析:C错,应改为depicting。 depicting在此为动名词,作介词宾语时不加冠词。注意此处还可以改为the depiction of,但略显累赘,因为后面还有of结构。The +动名词,这个动名词其实就变为了名词。 <tp\+v! u  
3e~X`K1Q<  
{p#[.E8  
(三)表示时间时,状语从句连接词和近义的介词混用  J`F][ A  
表示时间有两种可能, gHCk;dmq81  
一种是状语从句,由when and while引导,后面加句子 &}sC8,Sr  
另一种是由介词引导,如during,后面加名词, Sg$14B  
考试中往往就利用这个特点,总是给出相反的情况 E*rnk4Y  
Q 5R7se_  
例:Balloon observations for military intelligence '&_< !Nv3  
       A     B     <3]Qrjl ,b  
  were made while the American Civil War. z>_jC+  
   C    D 9n][#I)a3  
分析:D错,应改为during。while是从属连词或并列连词,后面接句子,后面是名词短语时,应改为介词during。 OW$? 6  
n|,kL!++.  
例:Some of the most celebrated publicity stunts while the =l&A9 >\  
   A      B           C    E2f9J{ Ki=  
  history of radio were associated with Gracie Allen. 7=jeq|&kN  
          D ~ $I2{I#W  
分析:C错,应改为in。while为连词,后面要求接从句,而句中显然没有从句,故根据题意改为介词in。 C+/D!ZH%P  
4BSSJ@ z  
;dq AmBG{8  
(四)对等连接词和近义的副词混用 cB5|% @$I  
连接平行结构的词叫做对等连接词,但是如果出现else, also, instead等副词把这些结构连接起来行不行呢?当然不行。 neC]\B[Xm  
enu",wC3  
例:Mary McDowell shared Jane Addam's interest in social E&G_7->  
                   A     y@!kp*0  
  work also was a loyal supporter of the League of Nations. J('p'SlI  
     B   C    D 8e_ITqV%  
分析:B错,应改为and。also是副词,不能连接并列的谓语动词,故改为并列连词and。 WFBg 3#p  
WZ"g:Khw  
例:Paper is strong under tension instead crumples IyE9G:fY  
   A        B   C      Q!DQ!;Br6  
  easily under the stress of compression. n*\AB=|X  
   D G7lC'~}  
分析:C错,应改为but;题目意思是在拉力的作用下很强,而在压力的作用下容易起皱;instead, 副词不能连接两个动词并列,but 的对等连接词和and, or的用法是一样的 7QiJ1P.z  
-Kt36:|  
b2;Weu3WN  
(五)表示人的名词和表示事物的词混用 eW*nRha  
htg+V-,  
例:An editor is customarily a brief newspaper or magazine l' N>9~f  
    A         B m{gK<T  
  article that gives personal comments on current events. o{\@7'G  
          C            D Z iDmx-X  
分析:A错,应改为editorial。 editor的意思是“编辑”,根据题意改为名词editorial(社论)。 >gDsjHQ6;  
_:om(gL  
jr" ~  
例:For centuries, music have played acoustical guitars, #m9V) 1"wB  
         A avls[Bq  
  which produce sound from the vibration of the strings. Cm}ZeQ  
   B      C      D }}~ ^!  
分析:A错,应改为musicians。music是抽象名词,意为“音乐”,不能表示复数要领显然应改为musicians(音乐家)。 d; @Kz^  
Db yy H_  
(六) 只能用副词+数量词+名词;不能用形容词 u7`<m.\  
nearly two hundred students, 这里nearly修饰的是200; FQi"OZHq  
two hundred diligent students
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