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楼主  发表于: 2007-09-22   

考博语法攻略大全

改错题常考要点 y6gaoj  
一、代词 6:`4bo  
代词中主要讲解六个问题 Fz@U\\94z  
(一) 掌握代词的几种格 iq3TP5%i  
  主格、宾格、所有格  ~5n?=  
  名词前面用代词来修饰,只能用所有格(my books) NdM \RD_R  
71,GrUV:  
(二) 反身代词 X-cP '"  
当主语和宾语表示同一事物时,宾语使用反身代词。 k3& /Ei5  
  He killed himself. (他自杀了) Ej$oRo{ IG  
  He killed him. (他杀了他) :<,tGYg/!  
G PL^!_  
例:Researchers at the University of Colorado are investigating  E^x/v_,$w!  
    A                 B    MN_1^T5  
  a series of indicators that could help XZj3x',;  
             C      C0H@  
  themselves to predict earthquakes. ) {4$oXQ  
    D ;tfGhHpQn  
分析:D错,应改为them。如果用反身代词themselves,指代对象是从句主语that(即名词indicators),这显然是错误的。从句意来看,help的宾语应该是主句主语researchers,故应用代词宾格而不是反身代词。注意C并没有错,情态动词could 比can语气弱,表示较小的可能性。 FES0lw{G#  
Indicator为征兆,这些征兆帮助他们来预言地震。主语是征兆,后面指研究者,不是同一个事物 ,-1d2y  
_`xhP-,`S  
(三) 代词的单复数,代词的性别 BXUd i&'O  
在考试中如果代词打横线,代词错误的概率是非常高的,因此代词打横线,应该先看代词有没有错。 o X?~  
kDc/]Zb%  
例:The continental divide refers to an imaginary line in the North American Rockies "cDc~~3/@  
  that divides the waters flowing into the Atlantic Ocean from it flowing into the KqWO9d?w.  
     A   B      C          D Ss'Dto35Q  
  Pacific. j]6YLM@5$  
^- s`$lTp  
分析:D错,应改为those。D指代复数名词waters, it是单数,显然是错误的,根据习惯故改为those。注意waters一词并没有错,它指江湖河海中的大片水域,可用复数形式。 /@6T~XY M  
[V41 Gk  
Water作为水是不可数名词,waters表示水域,通常使用复数形式,作主语谓语动词用复数。 hIwqSKq9  
Work作为工作是不可数名词,work作为作品,可数不可数都可以,例如: ]9hhAT44  
  Many of his works= much of his work, work都表示作品 6#kK  
C40W@*6S2  
例:In 1920 the presidential candidate Warren Harding coined $K_-I8e|  
                       A   7:wf!\@ I  
  the word“normalcy”to express social and gr4JaV  
             B b&.3uls6  
   economic conditions they promised the nation. g3\1 3<  
   C       D MG74,D.f  
分析:D错,应改为he。动作promised是由Warren Harding发出来的,故用第三人称单数he来指代。 6o]>lQ}  
[.>g.p,;  
例:Many critics believe that Amy Lwell' s most important $H1igYc  
        A     `B7?F$J  
  work is not poetry, but his biography, John i{k v$ir!  
   B        C      kl#) 0yqN0  
  Keats, published the year of her death.  TU?$yNE  
      D ~0 Mw\p%}  
分析:C错,应改为her。his指男性,显然是错误的,应改为her与后面的her同指Amy Lowell. V Be&of+  
>;k~B  
N-}|!pqb  
(四) Who和which的区别 i&JI"Dd7  
which指代事物或者动物,who指代人 D~@lpcI  
who/whom son往往要改为whose son, whose可以指代事物 l#|M.V6G  
[ P%'p-Hg_  
例:The human body contains more than six hundred muscles who NucLf6  
              A            B l7uEUMV  
  account for approximately forty percent of the body weight. &_$xMM,X  
   C                  D K2-nP2Go?  
分析:B错,应改为which或that。先行词不是指人,而是指物,关系代词不能用who,故改为which或that。 A|BN >?.t  
人体前面加定冠词the, account for 占有多大的比例,解释说明 'z" >4{5  
"S3U]zw0_  
(五) that和which的区别 SW=%>XKkh  
介词后面使用which, 而不用that, in that除外 d x"9jFn  
*+<H4.W H  
例:When television was first introduced, the extent to that it Kg#s<#h  
              A        B hPrE  
  would affect society could not have been foreseen. *ZF:LOnU  
      C              D q%wF=<W  
分析:B错,应改为which。The extent to which, 介词加which(引导定语从句),影响社会的程度没有被预见 M,bcTa8  
Fo&ecWhw  
(六) 定语从句的特殊省略 rvBKJ!b0  
Reason后面有定语从句,中间往往省略why, ;($ 3,d8  
Time后面有定语从句,中间往往省略when Tg6nb7@P  
   I do remember the time I heard the sweetest voice in the wild world. vz'<i. Yv4  
way后面有定语从句,中间省略了in which Oa -~}hN  
I}1<epd ,  
例:Research on pain has been neglected, although the mainly + yIO  
              A         B   ceNJXK  
  reason people take medicine is to relieve pain. LZrkFkiC  
         C      D q'<K$4_,%  
分析:B错,应改为main。mainly为副词,不能个饰后面的名词,故改为形容词main。句子中people take medicine修饰reason,定语从句引导词被省略 <zF/at  
?1lx8+  
例:Commercial expansion from city to suburb has  / lN09j  
  affected the way people in the United States----. =!PUKa3f<  
   (A) living and working v@ OM  
   (B) they live and work C'CdVDm X  
   (C) live and work )lB*] n`Z]  
   (D) to live and to work HZzdelo  
分析:选择C, the way people....影响了人们生活和工作的方式。 o$bD?Zn  
QzA/HP a  
二、介词 K6z-brvw "  
介词是考试中出现的比较多的一个部分,而其中考的最多的就是介词的固定搭配问题。由于篇幅问题,我们在这里仅仅举出几个例题,在说明书手册中我们完整的列出了所有的介词搭配,这些列出的搭配在以前的语法题中出现过,只不过有的时候是正确的选项,有的时候重复考。 %TRH,-@3h  
&1,qC,:!  
(一) 介词搭配 qf6}\0   
v0S7 ]?_  
例:The teeth in the upper jaw function together those n{r _Xa  
    A         B   C      @awN*mO  
  in the lower jaw to cut, tear, and grind food. IDr$Vu4LCW  
                D F6\r"63  
分析:和…一起,应该为together with,C错 p3(&9~ s  
@Xe[5T  
例:The Allegheny Mountain range is rich of coal. [!E~pW%|n  
A       B     C  D rJl'+Ae9N|  
分析:B错改为be rich in "Crm\UI6  
^YG.eT6iG  
例:The rotation of the Earth on its axis is responsible to the Q!dNJQpb  
    A         B      C &-1;3+#w  
  alternation of periods of light and darkness. =1Mh %/y  
             D e'Th[ wJ  
分析:C错,应改为responsible for。形容词responsible后接名词作宾语时要加介词for。 z!6:Dt6^  
N/fH%AtM  
`[5QouPV  
(二) 最重要的两个介词 zWh[U'6  
1、介词of 多余或者遗漏 JH0L^p   
例:Mosquitoes usually lay eggs, singly or in batches, on top stagnant water. va/$dD9  
          A      B  C     D g np\z/'>  
分析:D错,应改为top of stagnant。on top of …是因定表达法,意为“在…上面”。 'M#'BQQ5  
" '/$ZpY  
例:Christopher Plummer is a Canadian actor who has 2nRL;[L*.  
                 A  B     DEw_dOJ(  
  starred in stage, television, and film productions on Gq/f|43}@O  
      C uI I:Y{G  
  both sides the Atlantic Ocean. ;ip"V 0`  
      D N}3$1=@Y  
分析:D错,应改为sides of the。 sides为名词,the Atlantic Ocean也是名词,中间明显少了一个介词。 u9*}@{,  
dik+BBu5z  
2、介词by qi\!<clv  
一种情况表示被动,be+过去分词+by VzR (O B  
另一种表示通过……的方式, by doing ~\%MJ3  
例:The ceremony of marriage in the United States `!j|Ym  
    A         B       KGcl o-,  
   can be performed from a justice of the peace. E Cx_ [|3{  
   C     D e%'$Vx0kA  
分析:D错,应改为performed by。谓语动词是被动式,performed的动作执行者应该由介词by来引导。 yuvt<kz  
XLK#=YTI  
例:Along the east coast ,American Indian women's councils *@q+A1P7@  
   A                      ,Z;z}{.hq  
   could veto a declaration of war at refusing to rdsm /^,s  
     B    C       D 28;D>6c  
   supply moccasins and field rations. .-;K$'YG  
分析:D错,应改为by refusing。通过拒绝提供鞋子和粮食,表示通过某种方式做某事要用介词by,故将at refusing 改为by refusing。 s7C oUd2  
.[hQ#3)W  
例:Algebra is the branch of mathematics concerned with . F0V  
        A                kyQ%qBv ^  
  operations on sets of numbers or other elements ,#1 ke  
        B          C   r3l}I 6  
  that are often represented at symbols. BYEqTwhT&  
              D 5r<%xanXW/  
分析:D错,应改为by。动作的发出者应该用介词by来引导。 w| x=^  
三、谓语动词 _F^k>Lq&d  
(一) 谓语动词的主谓一致 mf'N4y%  
①、主谓分割原则 aTs5^Kh')  
例1:To the citizens of the United States, the bald eagle, TRrO-  
     A     0}qij  
   America's national bird, symbolize strength and freedom. Wxg,y{(`  
        B      C      D zh'TR$+\hO  
分析:C错,应改为symbolizes。主语谓语用逗号分割开,主语the bald eagle为单数,谓语动词也应该用单数形式。 5n r}5bum  
=YBwO. !%  
②、与后者一致原则 {nT !|S)$  
not…but, 强调but后面的名词, =1lKcA[z  
not only…but also 7Nc@7_=  
?L#C'Lz2+  
StWDNAf)  
③、与前者一致原则 qt}vM*0}V  
名词+with/together with/as well as/including+复数名词,谓语用is, c6s*u%+},  
中心词在前面,谓语动词应该与前面的名词保持一致 \~Zj](#  
例:The athlete, together with his coach and BD,JBu]  
     A      B  C     "OFYVK\]i  
  several relatives, are traveling to the Olympic Games. <\?ySto  
         D <"/Y`/  
分析:D错,与谓语动词与the athlete 保持一致,改为is "j3Yu4_ks  
kjN9(&D  
④、就近原则 YWM$%   
or, either…or, neither…nor, Mq42^m:qe  
单数名词+or+复数名词+are 5?k_Q"~  
如果把句子变为一般疑问句,也就是把be动词提到前面,那么变为is 8 +xLi4Pw  
所以注意一点: 如果是陈述句,靠后面近,用复数 {O#=%o[  
        如果是疑问句,靠前面近,用单数 n<\^&_a  
1[J&^@t[h6  
例:The structure or behavior of many protozoans are v*QobI  
        A      B        ):&A\nb  
  amazingly complex for single-celled animals. Xgd!i}6Q  
    C              D J7emoD [  
分析:A错,应改为and。从谓语动词是复数形式判断,主语应该为复数,or连接两个名词时动词和后面的名词保持一致,behavior是用单数形式,因此只有改为并列连词and才能使主谓在数上保持一致。 5h+g^{BE  
0 '~Jr\4  
⑤定语从句主语就近原则 "Z }'u2%\m  
There are five apples that are red. }{:H0)H*  
apples是复数,因此从句谓语动词是复数。 @pYAqX2  
%H~q3|z  
例:A rocket burns propellant rapidly and most rockets ;_of'  
      A            c _O| ?1  
  carry a supply that last just a few seconds. g$?B!!qT  
   B   C    D C $aiOK-]+  
分析:D错,应改为lasts。从句的逻辑主语a supply为单数,其谓语动词应为单数形式。 joAR;J  
YQ 4;X8I`r  
⑥the +形容词主谓一致 h;^h[q1'  
The rich are not always happier than the poor. ]Tf.KUm  
The rich 表示一类人,应该用复数 engql;  
a>.2Q<1  
⑦、倒装句的主谓一致 ,/m<=`*N|  
改错题倒装句的主谓一致一般考两种情况: g*b%  
a. there be 句型 Y@TZ Reb  
there be+名词+名词,那么最近的名词决定其形式 ZdlZ,vK^.  
b. between/ among 放在句首+be+名词,名词其实是主语,所以be和名词保持一致 m!|u{<,R  
/o.wCy,J<  
例:There are no known society in which left-handed people predominate. >wdR4!x!?  
   A     B      C    D    W.-[ceM  
分析:there be 句型由最近的名词决定其形式,society当然用单数,A错,there are 改为there is `T{{wty  
l\ts!p4f$  
]"q)X{G(+  
例:Between the foothills of the Andes and the Pacific P_z3TK  
             A     B    O!hg@[\B+  
  Ocean are a dry coastal strip averaging about 30 )|XmF4R  
     C         f /&Dy'OV7  
  miles in width. Jv1.Yz  
     D  0 4x[@f`  
分析:倒装句,are改为is AVOzx00U  
+%7yJmMw  
例:Among the favorite attractions at the National Air and Qa5<go{  
   A    B       C         G{knO?BK  
  Space Museum in Washington D.C. are the film tU}CRh  
                    D 5:hajXd  
  presented on the five-story-tall screen. <[Q#}/$"  
分析:D错,应改为films , 主语实际上是名词,应该与谓语动词保持一致。 NC>rZS]  
R N5\,>+  
⑧、百分比结构的主谓一致 d?oupW}uu  
fifty percent of + 名词 I .p26  
one percent of + 名词 'D1 T"}  
谓语动词的形式和百分比多少没有关系,主要取决于后面的名词,比如: `5r*4N<  
  one percent of my students + are !?D PI)  
  fifty percent of my time is spent on working. |<\o%89AM  
e=o<yf9>Q  
这里要强调两个结构 ^ W eE%"  
half of =fifty percent ^cZF#%k  
most of + 可数名词 + are jJQ6]ucwa  
most of + 不可数名词+ is 8+k\0fmy  
[D[s^<RJs  
例:Nearly half of the ancient meteor craters has been WB'&W=  
   A       B         C   <*V%!pwIG  
  found in central and eastern Canada. y"#o9"&>&  
           D -7fsfcGM$  
分析:C错,应改为have been。介词of的宾语为复数名词短语,作主语的中心词half当然表复数,相应的谓语动词应为复数形式。 vDV` !JU  
2oXsPrtZ  
例:Approximately fifty percent of the package utilized awB1ryrOF  
                 A   B  !>TVDN>  
  in the United States are for foods and beverages. M`-#6,m3  
              C     D BKPXXR  
分析:A错,应改为packages。从谓语动词用复数形式判断出主语是复数名词。注意food用复数表示不同种类的食品,beverage用复数表示不同种类的饮料,故(C)、(D)均没有错。 v?,_SVgAi  
"a6[FqTs  
(二) 谓语动词的时态 s]#D; i8  
①、主要考察时间状语 q!\K!W\  
[w' Y3U\ i  
例 The metal aluminum has been first isolated early in the nineteenth century. ;+'x_'a  
   A        B  C     D vR.=o*!%  
'h53:?~  
分析:Metal, aluminum同位语,in the nineteenth century为明显表示过去时间的状语, 因此应该用过去时态,把has been改为was bX6eNk-L  
*v 1hMk  
Qh<_/ X?  
②、For和since的区别 {'C PLJ{R  
区别一:For 后面使用时间段,since 后面使用时间点 "_WOt Jr  
区别二:Since 只能用在现在完成时态,For 最主要用在现在完成时和一般过去时 -`sK?*[{J  
  I has been a teacher for three years. .|^L\L(!  
  I has been a teacher since 1996. 0"o%=i;  
  I was a teacher for three years. 这种表达可以,for three years表示一段时间,was 表示过去做了三年,现在不是老师了 Au<NUc 2  
X:+lD58  
例: Since 1921 the budget of the United States became \B/ +.\  
   A      B              xTiC[<j  
  the primary responsibility of the president. Y> ElE-  
     C    D o9& 1Ct  
分析:A错,应改 In. since一般要求主句用完成时态,而句中谓语动词为过去式,其时间状语应与之呼应,故改Since为In。 MKzIY:u g  
5V5Nx(31i  
例:Adella Prentiss Hrghes served as manager of FC[8kq>Hk  
             A  B  C   ,j\1UAa  
  the Cleveland Orchestra since fifteen years. TR}ztf[e  
            D RG[b+Qjn  
分析:D错,应改为for。since引导时间状语时,主句谓语动词为一般完成时;主句谓语动词为一般过去时要用介词for;而且一段时间用for, 而不是since。 }GI8p* ]o=  
'qel3Fs"  
+)YU/41W  
52. In general, prawns lived in shallow coastal waters or in streams.  hDBVL"  
   A       B        C     D Iow45R~]  
自然现象和客观事实用一般现在时态,live =E$Hq4I  
<4UF/G)  
(三) 谓语的语态 7HfA{.|m  
语态主要表示是主动语态还是被动语态。 <g9@iUOI  
有四组动词是改错题中常考的: kD1[6cJ!=.  
①、prove /WqiGkHV*  
My advice proved to be wrong. 我的建议被证明是错的 MoAZ!cF8  
尽管是被证明,但习惯上用主动; c*R?eLt/  
mtfEK3?2*  
例:A majority of the reports received from people claiming o}QtKf)W  
                      A   j !m42  
  to have seen the legendary Loch Ness Monster have proven to be oY Y?`<N#  
    B                  C 3hUU$|^4gm  
  mistakes, misconceptions, or they were being tricked. |Iq#Q3w  
                  D %#gHa  
分析:D错,应改为tricks。并列连词 or在此连接名词,如果把D理解为并列句,不仅时态不对,语义也有问题,故将整个句子改为名词。have proven to be是正确的。 /D@(o`a  
_pZ2^OO@  
V'n4iM  
②、Locate,Situate gFBMARxi  
这两个词可以用作主动,表示把…放置在…地方;确定…的位置 ZV,1IaO  
  Bats locate obstacles.蝙蝠确定障碍物的位置 Dq$co1eT  
这两个词也可以用作被动 q,ur[ &<  
  My school was located near the river. j=>:{`*c  
区分locate的主动和被动比较难,但是有一个技巧存在:locate如果用作主动,后面必须跟宾语 ik:fq&=  
例:The center of gravity of the human body ---- behind the hip joint. ~:Pu Kx  
   (A)locates fwWE`BB  
   (B)locating @)hrj2Jw  
   (C)to locate 4|yZA*Q^  
   (D)is located ccCe@1RI  
分析:空格处显然缺谓语动词,故首先排除不能作谓语的B和C。动词locate后面没有宾语,所以用作被动,表示“位于”,所以D为正确选项。 Qx{[#[Da  
xW hi>  
③、表示需要概念的动词 c+_F}2)  
need, want, require等 Z3jtq-y  
qjc8$#zXS  
My watch needed repairing ;R#:? r;t  
My watch needed to be repaired. OvFWX%uY  
W5#5RK"uX  
④、表示人的情感的动词 aucQZD-_"  
move, annoy, surprise, please等 $IdY(f:.:5  
kJy bA  
He is so moving.  他令人感到感动。 \q |n0>  
He is greatly moved. 他感到非常感动。 #!h +K"wX  
q^.\8zFf  
主动和被动技巧总结: `/1Zy}cD  
如果句子中有一个“过去分词+by”, 如果断定它是谓语的话,前面必然有be动词 e.Y*=P}D  
rwRb _eIj  
例:The Tennessee Valley Authority has chartered by the KPT@I3P  
                 A      m4@f&6x  
  United States Congress in 1933 to construct dams, WecJ^{g>r{  
                 B ' YONRha  
  power structures, and flood-control works along cuw3}4m%  
                    C o}iqLe\  
  the Tennessee River and its tributary streams. j5cc"s  
                D o4Bl!7U  
分析:A错,应改为has been chartered。由信号词by可知前面的谓语动词为被动语态形式。 bhFAt1h  
R+s_uwS  
四、非谓语动词 rCmxv7" a}  
rL zYkZ  
(一) 分词 kS>'6xXH  
现在分词和过去分词的区别 -CTsB)=\,  
①、用于句首作状语,现在分词表示主动,过去分词表示被动 LX %8a^?;  
FZ)Y<r8|s  
例:Won its war for independence in 1783, the United States then N1V qK  
   A Efb S*f5  
  struggled to establish its own economic and financial system. `R}D@  
     B      C            D o adlyqlw#  
分析:分词作状语,主要看是主动还是被动,美国赢得应该是主动,所以A错,改won为winning -9S.G  
1m/=MET]  
②、用于名词后面作后置定语,现在分词表示主动,过去分词表示被动 r|Y|u v0  
例:In the nineteenth century the Mohave Indians lived in ,x+_/kqx  
      A               B   {C%/>e2-%  
  the Northern Hemisphere grew their crops on river bottom lands. ;z9(  
               C         D  X;5U@l  
分析:B错,生活在什么地方的人,人生活是主动,因此改为living OpwZTy}1}  
ta+'*@V +G  
B[ f{Ys  
一些动词后面必须用doing ?= <vC  
对于加doing的词来说,考试中一般出现一个,下面这些词都是要加doing的,请考生牢记。 hfY Ieb#91  
 mind, finish, enjoy, celebrate, *JG?^G"l  
 advocate, suggest blZiz2F  
 delay, quit (k"oV>a|  
 forgive(原谅),tolerate, tR5zlm(}  
 avoid, escape(逃避) _%s_w)  
 spend+名词+doing; Y2Mti- \  
 have trouble/difficult/a problem/ +doing z[Kxy1,  
'f`~" @  
例:Long before the dawn of recorded history, humans celebrated to harvest their do{#y*B/g!  
   A     B    C              D KQ/v](7 7  
  crops. Y#PbC  
分析:D错,应改为harvesting。及物动词celebrate直接带名词、名词短语或动名词短语作宾语,故将to harvest改为harvesting。 {KL<Hx2M  
)2oWoZ vi9  
例:Some experts have advocated to bring that country into the talks,  Iz2K  
               A        B v i0% jsI  
  to revive the intermittent dialogue that began after the 1967 Middle East War. 5;V#Z@S  
        C          D 0$,Ag;"^?  
分析:A错,advocate 后面直接跟doing, 改为advocate bringing i^uC4S~  
n?pCMS|  
(二) 不定式 ,ewg3mYHC&  
A. 动词不定式的省略 p;j$i6YJ  
①、help后面可以省略to 3WJ> T1we  
  help to do ~`hI|i<]  
  help sb. to do  ~u8}s4  
N{/q p  
例:A good exercise program helps teach people to avoid scqG$~O)  
              A      B   iTD}gC  
  the habits that might shorten the lives. +M@G 8l  
         C     D Ht EjM|zj  
分析:D错,应改为their. 定冠词在句中不如代词所有格明确,如果lives后面有定语就可以用the。注意(A)并没有错,help后面可以接不带to的不定式。 /Fh"Gl^  
z.Y7u3K.8  
②、使役动词后面要省略to, 这样的动词只有三个 *8/Q_w  
  make, )gR14a  
  let, )dF(5,y)  
  have sb. do sth >o 3X)  
  注意get不是使役动词,get sb. to do sth. '[Oi_gE.  
例:A conductor used signals and gestures to let the musicians =oT@h 9VI  
        A               B PBn(k>=+  
  to know when to play various parts of a composition. M|d[iaM,  
   C     D ; tvB{s_  
分析:let是使役动词,后面不需要to, C改为know J-?\,N1R7  
5B2x# m|8  
③、感官动词 ]N=C%#ki!  
   hear, feel, watch, see, notice, observe  TWx<)  
   see sb do sth. 强调过程 ;S`Nq%,  
   see sb doing sth 正在做某事 Rdt8jY6F/  
i'e^[ oZ  
$Q{1^  
B. 动词不定式的固定用法 6-KC[J^Xo  
(1)表示第一人 i;)g0}x`  
the first woman to do sth. 5)$U<^uy  
{]D!@87  
(2)表示迫使的动词 n+Ag |.,|  
一般考三个, allow/ enable/ call, +sb. + to do n"FOCcTIs  
)&dhE^ O  
例:Besides providing clues to the nature of atoms, mineral analysis m]"YR_  
     A                 B    /0o 2  
  allows to speculate geologists about the ancient Earth. /$eEj  
       C           D qsk71L  
分析:allow...to do是固定短语,allow的宾语应在不定式之前,即把C改为: allow geologists to speculate。  V'mpl  
GU[ Cq=k  
nr-mf]W&  
(3)表示倾向…的形容词 :X4\4B*~  
  be more likely to do 更有可能作某事 E?9_i :IX  
  be inclined to do倾向于做某事 +] 5a(/m.~  
  be lieable to do 易于…的 @nT8[v  
  be apt to do \FKIEg+(2  
$`=?Nb@@#  
(4)表示目的的名词, ;XtDz  
一共有7个这样的词,这一条也是最重要的。 =OHDp7GXO>  
固定的句式: Aj `4uFhiL  
the purpose , the purpose of sth is to do sth. xK y<o  
the objective 目标 BuvBSLC~  
aim  ]_pL79y  
goal ttKfZ0  
reason理由 VuBp$H(U  
function功能 MnS"M[y3  
intension意图 #[xNE C)  
aLq;a  
例:The function of Louis Sullivan's architecture was providing qB:`tHy  
                       A  g Q9ff,  
  large uninterrupted floor areas and to allow ample light into the interior. xD#/@E1'Y  
           B          C     D jFc{$#g-  
分析:the function to provide, A错 ~k%\ LZ3s  
+O H."4Z  
例:The chief goal of biochemistry is for understanding the structure ie ,{C  
                  A       l^"G\ZVI  
  and behavior of the carbon-containing compounds 3TtW2h>M  
     B  W9D)QIqbvW  
  that make up various components of a living cell. w '"7~uN  
    C    D 1_QO>T'  
分析:the chief goal is to understand, A错 p(8\w-6  
;uDFd04w [  
(5) 其他同根名词 k8JPu"R  
 ability to do 受到be able to 的影响 PA/6l"-`3  
 attempt to do 企图 5 9vGLN!L  
 decision to do 决定, 受decide的影响 k);!H+  
 ambition, LQjqwsuN{  
 be ambitious to do  E*l"uV  
 effort ivq4/Y] -X  
>']H)c'2  
例:For ancient people, myths were often attempts explanation 0{yx*}.  
  A                    B   ]VME`]t`  
  catastrophic events such as volcanic eruptions. GM/1u fZH  
          C       D 9wC; m:  
分析:B错,应改为to explain。 attempts后应跟动词不定式短语表目的,故将名词explanation改为to explain。 v+G:,Tc"  
E(8g(?4  
例:In the early 1960's the Civil Rights movement made great {V8Pn2mlo  
  A                   B   {JgN^R<5<f  
  efforts for registering members of minorities to vote. SXEiyy[7v  
       C            D "Tv7*3>  
分析:efforts to register, C错 _+En%p.m  
+0 MKh  
=+ p+_}C  
C. 动词不定式的其他用法 5o/rV.I  
(1) be to do 表示已安排好或者注定要发生的动作,属于将来时态的范畴 "ivqh{ ,  
She and Anne are to meet at two o'clock. (=j!P*  
Q6K)EwN  
(2)不定式的完成式为“to have done”,表示不定式的动作在谓语动作之前发生,这个完成式通常表示一般过去时 {76!  
I am glad to see you. Q-v[O4 y~  
I am glad to have seen your mother yesterday. jGn^<T\  
yesterday是一般过去时,修饰have seen. `?x$J 6p  
(Y([^N q  
(3) 形容词后面使用动词不定式,主动表示被动 ^v-'=1ub?  
It is difficult to decide. AX+d?M  
]B4mm__  
>{a,]q*  
五、句子的结构 D OeKW  
句子的结构主要考查四个出题方向。 @3YuV=QfH  
M;qL)vf  
(一) 主语的重复 lIg2iun[n  
名词+代词+谓语,这个代词永远是重复的主语,永远是错的 LltguNM$  
例:Woodrow Wilson he was an idealist who refused to make any }eM <A$J  
          A      B      s.'\&B[  
  compromises concerning the establishment of the sv"mba.J  
          C          D _eV n#!|  
  League of Nations. r%d 11[z  
分析:代词he不是同位语,主语重复;如果是下面这样的主语,那么便是主语同位语 .E#Sm?gK  
A prolific writer, Woodrow Wilson `Xdxg\|  
(PcK(C!}=\  
+ f!,K  
例:Two unique features of the Arctic they are ?4e6w  
        A        B  o '/C$E4W  
  lack of precipitation and permanently frozen ground. Aq%^>YAp  
    C         D <0)ud)~u  
分析:选项B中的they和前面的主语two unique features重复 u3mT l  
W'h0Zg  
(二)谓语的重复 AUsQj\Nm%  
完整的句子后面又多了一个谓语,往往改为定语从句 ih |Ky+!  
F*t_lN5{  
例:A paragraph is a portion of a text consists of  L~y tAZ,  
    A            B    ]^jdO##M  
  one or more sentences related to the same idea. W#I:j: p  
         C   D LG {inhbp  
分析:B错,应改为consisting of或which consists of。句中有两个无法连接的谓语动词,而且前一个谓语动词下面没有划线,故改consists为非谓语动词形式或在它前面加which使之成为从句谓语动词。 UvJuOh+  
_iJXp0g  
(三)谓语的缺少 "C.7;Rvkp>  
例:Most mammals to maintain a relatively constant body rn: zKTyhw  
          A     B    t-*|Hfp*^  
  temperature, regardless of what the air temperature might be. aq+IC@O  
         C               D $>"e\L4Kp  
分析:A错,应改为maintain。句中缺谓语动词,故去掉不定式符号to 使maintain变成谓语动词。 bro  
"lz[zFnO  
(四)主句的重复 Ldhk^/+  
主句的重复总是考even, instead, during, despite等引导的句子, 但是实际上它们无法把两个句子连接起来,因为它们都是副词或者介词,连接两个句子应该用连接词连接 0T#xM(q[K  
HXfXb ^~  
*Ht*)l?  
例:Salmon spend most of their adult lives in salt water, despite +6hl@F m(  
      A         B        C   (;pi"/x[  
  they return to their freshwater birthplaces to spawn and die. Kka8cG  
     D ur<eew@8@i  
分析:C错,应改为though。despite是介词,后面一般接名词作宾语,而在句中它后面却跟着一个完整的句子,所以改为连词though。 mPfUJ#rS  
 /MqXwUbO  
例:Solar eclipses occur during the Moon's shadow a We Bav}_  
        A   B       /}$T38  
  sweeps across the face of the Earth. hB7pR"P  
      C    D o"#TZB+k  
分析:B错,应改为when或as。介词不能引导条件状语从句,根据题意改为从属连词when或as。 &{E`=4T2  
,9Z2cgXwJ  
例:Even many early leaders of the United States have provided Xqg.kX  
   A                     B  j&dx[4|m:h  
  names for towns, only George Washington sB( `[5I  
      C VX;zZ`BJ  
  is remembered in the name of a state. >v1 y0zx  
          D 0L:V#y-*  
分析:A错,应改为Even though。even为副词,不能引导从句,根据题意,改为引导让步状语从句的Even though。 df4sOqU  
六、比较级和最高级 QJ#u[hsMFp  
比较级和最高级的出题非常有规则,一共有5个出题方向,并且每次考试必然考两个 fW.GNX8  
N.0HfYf  
(一)    比较级或最高级形式上的重复 /&]-I$G@  
例:The most easiest process for mining gold is panning, which _Z+jQFKJ\8  
      A               ~V2ajM1Z&O  
  involves using a circular dish with a small pocket at the bottom. ]*2EK9<  
     B       C           D z;dcAdz9  
分析:A错,应改为easiest。easiest本身已是最高级,不必再用most,这是最高级形式上的重复 3(!/["@7  
Dac ^*k=D  
(二)比较级和最高级之间的混用 |N:MZ#};  
例:The greenest and plentifulest leaves are the leaves of grasses. uxa=KM1H  
     A      B     C  D \|2t TvW,0  
分析:B错,应改为most plentiful。 plentiful是多音节形容词,须在前面加most构成最高级。 K2cq97k,d  
m|]j'g?{}(  
例:The more fearsome of all the animals in the Western Hemisphere rH9uGm-*  
     A       B     C   D [_WI8~g Y  
  is the grizzly bear. WP0 #i~3*  
分析:A错,应该用最高级most,含有介词of, among, in 表示的范围状语使用最高级。 !0I dp%  
>0PUWr$8  
\ V6   
(三)比较词than的前面一定要有比较级 i?F[||O"$  
改错题中,通常会看见than前面有一个原级 1"}B]5!  
p ?Ed- S  
例:Film directors can take far great liberties in dealing with ~|&="K4,:  
   A           B  xC-BqVJ%_T  
  concepts of time and space than stage directors can. n`%2Mj c  
   C                 D hUVk54~ l  
分析:B错,应改为greater。根据后面有than一词可以判定前面的形容词用比较级形式,注意far, much 修饰比较级。 $+Vmwd;  
0$tjNy e  
(四)在as…as以及否定not so…as, not as…as的中间使用形容词原级 R'zu"I  
as sweeter as, 这是不对的,应改为as sweet as  /D0RC  
=H[\%O~?b  
(五)the 和比较级最高级的关系 vYDSu.C@a  
①、比较级前面可以出现the, 修饰后面的名词 i;c'P}[K  
the taller boy N31?9GE  
Yp*,Jp1  
②、副词的最高级加不加the均可以 {O)YwT$`  
例:Although flies live longest in cool temperatures, it breed 6/| 0+G^  
          A            B O#Z/+\U  
  prolifically when temperatures are warm, food is 9 ~~qAoD  
  abundant, and humidity is moderate. ,yICNtP  
    C          D :X_CFW  
分析:副词的最高级加不加the均可, 所以A正确,从从句的主语可以看出,B应该改为they s2%V4yy%  
; 7rd;zJ  
③、形容词的最高级作定语前面必须使用the, 如果不作定语的话,加不加the均可以 -0$:|p?@^  
例:Of all the Native Americans in the United States, ' WQdr (  
  A  B         C     OUzR@$  
  the Navajos form largest group. +{.780|  
         D I5qM.@%zB  
分析:D错,应改为form the largest。形容词最高级前面要加定冠词。 QdDObqVdy  
%ISq>A)%  
陷阱1, earliest, 有两种可能, ~^&R#4J  
一种可能是early的最高级,最早的语言,the earliest language l&L,7BX  
    另一种可能作名词,表示早期,必须和时间的名词连用,earliest time, earliest ages, 表示很早的年代,很早的时代,也就是说,如果以后碰上earliest后面加上times, ages, 前面不用加the N5? IpE  
7X}TB\N1  
例:The belief in fairies have existed from earliest times, and the literature of many := <0=JE#  
            A      B         C ([R")~`(l2  
  countries includes tales of fairies and their relationship to humans. r<c #nD~K  
            D 6YmP[%  
分析:A错,应改为has existed。主语是单数名词the belief,而不是复数名词fairies,故谓语动词是单数形式。earliest times表示表示很早的时代是正确的。 mu[Op*)  
nA_%2F'W}  
陷阱2,如果最高级前面有所有格的话,不用加the pYo=oI  
例如:my best friends ~~nqU pK?v  
F_=1;,K%  
例:Salt Lake City, Utah's capital and largest city, is industrial BLn_u,3  
            A    B     C f+x ;:  
  and banking center. 53Yxz3v  
        D +q{[\#t5  
分析:C错,应改为is an industrial center。center为可数名词,它的修饰词前面应有不定冠词。 khx.yRx  
Utah's largest city, 题目中其实是省略了Utah's。 ~_>cM c  
Bz /@c)  
<*(^{a. O  
例:Faults in the Earth's crust are most evidently in sedimentary yZCX S  
                 A         9b"MQ[B4#a  
  formations, where they interrupt previously continuous layers. %}3qR~;  
    B   C     D FhkkW W L  
分析:A错,are的表语必须用evident, 为什么不加the, 因为作表语,而不是定语 ?9mkRd}c  
v.&>Ih/L  
七、平行结构 $,fy$ Qk,S  
改错题考的最多的一个方向便是平行结构 ,Na^%A@TJ  
pOT7;-#n  
hyg8wI  
(一) 对等连接词 ,"\@fwy{  
一共有三类连接平行结构的词 ,q#0hy%5/  
单一式: and, or ,but rl08 R  
相关式: both…and, not … but, )h{ ]k=  
     either …or, neither…nor )e|=mtp  
     the same…as;as…as, not so…as, not as…as k8AW6oO/i  
     such …as, so …that.. too…to, from…to, from…until, between…and, Ztr Cv?  
     not only…but also(also可以省略),Not only +主谓,also ~;]W T  
     not only…but also(also可以省略)+as well, *Hz^K0:8(  
^T::-pN*  
短语式: as well as P!G858V(  
     rather than (而不是) !%)F J:p  
     other than (除…之外) ;!!n{l$r'  
     instead of (代替) z`UhB%-?  
f y:,_#  
考试的方式往往是搭配中有一个单词是对的,另一个单词却不对 ?W^c4NtP  
例:John lived in New York since 1960 to 1975,  {(U %i\F\  
       A     B   scLn=  
  but he is now living in Detroit. }XO K,Hw  
       C   D InXn%9]p]  
分析:B错,应改为from。“从某年到某年”要用“from…to…”这个表达法,不能用since …to…。 = U%Rvm  
( +pLA"xq  
例:Even as he wrote copiously on so diverse topics l&iq5}[n&  
       A         B ?qCK7 $ j  
  as education ,politics ,and religion ,Lewis Mumford a,2'+ Tlo  
  remained active in city and regional planning. 0U%f)mG  
          C    D  C{ gyj}5  
分析:B错, 改为such diverse topics as, 出现as, 往往要注意前面一半 1$M@]7e+!+  
(二)平行的内容 KD`IX-r{s  
第一、引导词性的平行,词性的平行本质上是语法作用的平行 3;S, 3  
例:Photoperiodism is the functional or behavioral response of 3|.um_  
             A         B   yW$0\E6<r  
  an organism to changes in duration of daily, seasonally, `c<;DhNO  
         C            D G :~k.1y[  
  or yearly periods of light and darkness. ne 4Q#P  
分析:D错,应改为seasonal。在daily, seasonally和yearly三个并列的词中,daily和yearly是形容词,seasonally是副词,故改为形容词seasonal,共同修饰名词periods,三个形容词的平行,词性平行 gw, UQbnu  
1P~X8=9h  
5$V_Hj  
第二、名词单复数的平行 0NS<?p~_S  
但是如果既有可数名词,又有不可数名词,可以不平行 xuqv6b.  
.zi_[  
例:The main advertising media include direct mail, !o:f$6EA~C  
  A     B          C   rg^'S1x|  
  radio, television, magazines, and newspaper. j'A_'g'^  
                 D   _lamn }(x0  
分析:D错,应改为newspapers。newspaper为可数名词,在没有任何前置修饰语的情况下一般用复数形式,并且和前面的magazine平行,而mail, radio, television则是不可数名词。 ["h5!vj  
zd @m~V  
例:The Canadian province of Newfoundland has a rocky coast, a moisture climate, N@t|7~  
                   A         B 7 S}_F^  
  and probably the best cod-fishing areas in the world. *MKO I'  
      C          D G"h'_7  
分析:海岸气候只有一个,但是钓鱼的地方可以有许多个,所以也是不可数名词和名词复数的平行;因此D没有错,A错改为have e 9;~P}  
wOU_*uY@6'  
第三、时态的平行 ` @`CG[-9  
例:The poet Marianne Moore was initially associated  # 1OOU  
                A     sS*3=Yh  
  with the imagist movement , but later develops YNQY4\(  
                   B |?,A]|j  
  her own thyme patterns and verse forms. i<#QW'R(  
          C    D 16 =sij%A  
分析:B错,应改为developed。句中前半部分谓语为过去时,与之并列的谓语也应用过去时。 x(1:s|Uyp{  
Y3Yz)T}UkS  
例:Because the papaya grows readily from seed , ----- KVclhT<F  
  spread from its home in Central America and s~^5kgPA  
  now grows throughout the tropics. ZrpU <   
   (A) to be    (B) it   QIG$z?  
   (C) the     (D) its 0XE4<U   
分析:正确答案为(B)。空格前是原因状语从句,后面紧接着是谓语动词,空格处明显缺主句主语。四个选项中只有B能单独作主语。注意spread是过去式,没有数的变化,因为这一动作明显发生在过去时间。spread 和grows为什么时态可以不平行呢? %)1y AdG 8  
原来它在Central America 的家乡传播,现在在整个地方传播,now只修饰后面的grow v[1aW v:  
-t!~%_WCv  
例:Ducks have been domesticated for many centuries ---- 0X6YdW_2X  
  commercially for their meat and eggs. TM%| '^)  
   (A) raised   (B) and are raised +r2+X:#~T  
   (C) raised as  (D) are raised ^aItoJq  
分析:正确答案为B。空格前是一个完整的句子,根据一个空格处如再出现谓语动词一定要有连词这一原则,B为惟一符合条件的选项。故选(B)。 p`olCp'  
u^^[Q2LDU}  
第四、排列位置的平行 ?:Uv[|S#>  
例:---the surface of metal, but also weakens it. 11 Q1AN  
   (A) Not only does rust corrode 8\&X2[oAD  
   (B) Not only rust corrodes  slC x w$  
   (C) Rust, which not only corrodes 'OITI TM  
   (D) Rust not only corrodes }T(D7|^R  
分析:正确答案为D。从but also放在动词前可知,not only也须置于动词前,故选D。A、B中的Not only位置放错了,C使句子缺主句,故排除。 8W*%aOi5+  
 dm\F  
对于not only, but also的用法有以下几种: G/)O@Ugp  
 1、主语+not only +谓语,but also+谓语,正确;例如上面例题中的第四个选项。 BtkOnbz8X  
 2、Not only +主谓,but also+主谓,正确 )1?y 8_B  
 3、Not only +主语+谓语,but also+谓语,错误 LBw1g<&  
p_RsU`[  
八、词序的颠倒 `KZm0d{H  
词序的颠倒一般只考一道,90%的情况集中于下面三个出题方向 3#LlDC_WC  
(一) 先说形容词,再说名词 /CrSu  
例:The Medal of Honor is the highest award military for courage lU8l}Ndz"  
              A    B        =x/X:;) >  
  that can be given to any individual in the United States. !z\h| wU+  
      C       D    Hus)c3Ty7  
分析:B错,军事的荣誉是military award而不是award military,单个形容词修饰名词时一般放在被修饰词的前面。 S,88*F(<^q  
aC] $k'71  
9SX +  
(二) 副词+形容词+名词 ahusta  
例:Certain types of computers work properly only Akq2 d;  
          A      B     nGC/R&  
  in environments with controlled precisely temperatures. iDpSj!x/_  
    C         D * ` JYC  
分析:D错,应改为precisely controlled,精确的被控制的温度。controlled为过去分词用作形容词,修饰它的副词应放在其前面,它自己则要紧挨着被修饰的名词。 lov!o: dJ  
=O~_Q-  
bTI|F]^!  
(三)主语系动词, 系动词 + 表语 lt/1f{v[:  
[F+}V,  
例:During the 1600's skilled shoemakers scarce were M`0V~P`^  
          A   B     C   Lc}LGq!  
  in what is now the United States. ]a>n:p]e  
    D "fb[23g%@k  
分析:C错,应改为were scarce。表语应该放在系动词后面。 hqD*z6aH  
49eD1h3'X[  
所有的系动词分为三大类: |NlO7aQ>2H  
第一种:表示保持某种状态, zOJ%}  
    is, remain, keep, stay, L7l FtX+b  
    lie, exit(表示位于) }H53~@WP>  
第二种,从一种状态转变到另一种状态 82+r^t/.  
    become, turn, grow, [DuttFX^x  
    get (It is getting warmer and warmer) BT !^~S%w  
VG5i{1  0  
第三种,感官动词 5%"V[lDx@  
    seem(好像是) MxKS4k  
    look(看起来好像是) .e#w)K  
    feel, sound, appear, smell, taste a .#)G[*  
enough修饰形容词或副词时,一般放在形容词或副词后面。 /WcG{Wdp  
例: The eruptions of Mt. St. Helens were enough severe . '6gZKXY  
    A               B     =nHUs1rKn  
   to cause numerous deaths. q] )K,)  
        C   D  -OV&Md:~  
分析:B错,应改为sever enough。severe是形容词, enough放在severe后面。 2Ah#<k-gC;  
l$KA)xbI  
九、词性的混用 X0HZH?V+  
词汇量的掌握对词性的使用非常重要,但是如果对出题方向有更好的把握,将会弥补词汇量的不足。 70?\ugxA  
ic:zsuEm  
(一)做表语时形容词和副词的混用 #\{l"-  
做表语永远用形容词,绝对不能用副词; Fe*R  
>>r(/81S  
例:Giant pandas, which inhabit restricted areas of high 9c bd~mM{  
          A        B      B`)BZ,#p  
  mountain bamboo forests, are rarely today and P}}* Q7P  
              C >Er|Jxy  
  when they are in captivity they breed poorly. XSB"{H>&  
          D ~7w"nIs<c  
分析:错,应改为are rare。rarely为副词,不能作表语,故改为形容词rare(罕见的,稀少的) [\e eDa  
^L nTOdAE  
,Fl)^Gl8?  
(二)加宾语时名词和动名词的混用 KAJi  
后面加宾语当然要用动名词 e(&v"}Ef`  
例:Tilling means preparation the soil to plant the seeds +.PxzL3?  
         A       B      n+9=1Oo"  
  and keeping the soil in the best condition to C3f' {}  
          C        Tk[ $5u*,  
  help the crop grow until it is ready3 for harvesting. Dj?> <@  
            D $99n&t$Y  
分析:A错,应改为preparing。preparation为名词,后面不能接宾语,改为动名词preparing后既能接宾语,又与后面的keeping构成并列关系。 t>RY7C;PuS  
xIW3={b3  
例:Langston Hughes, a prolific writer of the 1920's, Y5Bo|*b  
            A       _.Nbt(mz  
   was concerned with the depicting the experience of Lg+Ac5y}`  
      B      C  qA7>vi%  
   urban Black people in the United States. 2zA4vZkbcw  
   D 4Z=_,#h4.  
分析:C错,应改为depicting。 depicting在此为动名词,作介词宾语时不加冠词。注意此处还可以改为the depiction of,但略显累赘,因为后面还有of结构。The +动名词,这个动名词其实就变为了名词。  DPxM'7  
H2 \;%K 2  
:r,pqnH_  
(三)表示时间时,状语从句连接词和近义的介词混用 9L?.m&  
表示时间有两种可能, #G|RnV%t$~  
一种是状语从句,由when and while引导,后面加句子 =ho}oL,ZO  
另一种是由介词引导,如during,后面加名词, U$.@]F4&  
考试中往往就利用这个特点,总是给出相反的情况 rU:`*b<  
Vb;*m5,?:  
例:Balloon observations for military intelligence _Ey9G  
       A     B     }eU*( }<^  
  were made while the American Civil War. sf qL|8  
   C    D (Z q/  
分析:D错,应改为during。while是从属连词或并列连词,后面接句子,后面是名词短语时,应改为介词during。 6I4\q.^qw  
^ogt+6c  
例:Some of the most celebrated publicity stunts while the iN\4gQ!  
   A      B           C    4r#= *  
  history of radio were associated with Gracie Allen. dr}`H,X"3  
          D ~ "H,/m%2o  
分析:C错,应改为in。while为连词,后面要求接从句,而句中显然没有从句,故根据题意改为介词in。 &j`}vg  
-H@:*  
(!aNq(   
(四)对等连接词和近义的副词混用 Oh`69 k  
连接平行结构的词叫做对等连接词,但是如果出现else, also, instead等副词把这些结构连接起来行不行呢?当然不行。 ]L $\ #  
A]0 St@  
例:Mary McDowell shared Jane Addam's interest in social AaOu L,l  
                   A     M61xPq8y5  
  work also was a loyal supporter of the League of Nations. $E~`\o%Ev  
     B   C    D L|:`^M+^w  
分析:B错,应改为and。also是副词,不能连接并列的谓语动词,故改为并列连词and。 =E4LRKn  
Y|f[bw  
例:Paper is strong under tension instead crumples KIf dafRL  
   A        B   C      kk@f L  
  easily under the stress of compression. ,t?B+$E  
   D rC%*$g $  
分析:C错,应改为but;题目意思是在拉力的作用下很强,而在压力的作用下容易起皱;instead, 副词不能连接两个动词并列,but 的对等连接词和and, or的用法是一样的 9gDkT Ykj  
jyUjlYAAv`  
Q800y??&J  
(五)表示人的名词和表示事物的词混用 p!7FpxZY  
Fn;SF4KOm  
例:An editor is customarily a brief newspaper or magazine _[c0)2h  
    A         B L^2%1GfE{  
  article that gives personal comments on current events. }<v@01  
          C            D 9@(PWz=`?  
分析:A错,应改为editorial。 editor的意思是“编辑”,根据题意改为名词editorial(社论)。 @s;;O\  
!mJ"gg  
QvlObEhcS  
例:For centuries, music have played acoustical guitars, F3@phu${  
         A N1}sHyVq7  
  which produce sound from the vibration of the strings. Q:G4 Z9Kt  
   B      C      D ooj,/IEQ  
分析:A错,应改为musicians。music是抽象名词,意为“音乐”,不能表示复数要领显然应改为musicians(音乐家)。 I by\$~V  
2ozax)GY  
(六) 只能用副词+数量词+名词;不能用形容词 { M4gF8(M  
nearly two hundred students, 这里nearly修饰的是200; rxvx  
two hundred diligent students
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