改错题常考要点 m_>~e}2'A
一、代词 ]7_O#MY1
代词中主要讲解六个问题 `v$Bib)
(一) 掌握代词的几种格 OL$^7F
B
主格、宾格、所有格 =J&aN1Hgt
名词前面用代词来修饰,只能用所有格(my books) Jl^THoEL
>{kPa|
(二) 反身代词 p4{3H
+y
当主语和宾语表示同一事物时,宾语使用反身代词。 t%>x}b"2T
He killed himself. (他自杀了) ||sj*K
He killed him. (他杀了他) 7_ah1IEK
lIF*$#`oh*
例:Researchers at the University of Colorado are investigating FUU/=)^P$
A B _7 9 ?,U]
a series of indicators that could help /2PsC*y
C #pw=HHq*(
themselves to predict earthquakes. -}2e+DyAy
D i#y3QCNqf^
分析:D错,应改为them。如果用反身代词themselves,指代对象是从句主语that(即名词indicators),这显然是错误的。从句意来看,help的宾语应该是主句主语researchers,故应用代词宾格而不是反身代词。注意C并没有错,情态动词could 比can语气弱,表示较小的可能性。 ym)`<[T
Indicator为征兆,这些征兆帮助他们来预言地震。主语是征兆,后面指研究者,不是同一个事物 4FgY!k
r
=ds'n"
(三) 代词的单复数,代词的性别 N%&D(_
在考试中如果代词打横线,代词错误的概率是非常高的,因此代词打横线,应该先看代词有没有错。 HR83{B21
s%R'c_cGZ
例:The continental divide refers to an imaginary line in the North American Rockies qP0_#l&
that divides the waters flowing into the Atlantic Ocean from it flowing into the ,o)U9<
A B C D r'ydjy
Pacific. ZXj;ymC'
VX;tglu2
分析:D错,应改为those。D指代复数名词waters, it是单数,显然是错误的,根据习惯故改为those。注意waters一词并没有错,它指江湖河海中的大片水域,可用复数形式。
b(~
gQM
/M "E5
Water作为水是不可数名词,waters表示水域,通常使用复数形式,作主语谓语动词用复数。 )
{oVVLs
Work作为工作是不可数名词,work作为作品,可数不可数都可以,例如: {E~MqrX
Many of his works= much of his work, work都表示作品 J12ZdC'O
ep<2u
x
例:In 1920 the presidential candidate Warren Harding coined 6A& f
A vK\;CSk
the word“normalcy”to express social and K>`7f]?H*e
B k+S 6)BQ7U
economic conditions they promised the nation. t*)-p:29h
C D Xx0}KJq~"
分析:D错,应改为he。动作promised是由Warren Harding发出来的,故用第三人称单数he来指代。 t'EH_U
ZC1U
例:Many critics believe that Amy Lwell' s most important Ir*,fyl
A @:. 6'ji,`
work is not poetry, but his biography, John <'4DMZ-G
B C 7 '@l?u/6
Keats, published the year of her death. Dc[Qu?]LM
D oWpy^=D_
分析:C错,应改为her。his指男性,显然是错误的,应改为her与后面的her同指Amy Lowell. jBEt!Azur
{A(=phN
V\kf6E
(四) Who和which的区别 )(&g\
which指代事物或者动物,who指代人 Kk~0jP_ B9
who/whom son往往要改为whose son, whose可以指代事物 {cv,Tz[Q>
,FJ9C3
例:The human body contains more than six hundred muscles who E<a~
`e
A B <9/oqp{C
4
account for approximately forty percent of the body weight. EG0NikT?
C D ;G~0 VM2|
分析:B错,应改为which或that。先行词不是指人,而是指物,关系代词不能用who,故改为which或that。 >U9!KB
人体前面加定冠词the, account for 占有多大的比例,解释说明 P!m~tu}B
RH. oo&
(五) that和which的区别 `2
NL'O:
介词后面使用which, 而不用that, in that除外 gzP(LfI5
RN3w{^Ll
例:When television was first introduced, the extent to that it U;6~]0^K
A B .dp~%!"Sn,
would affect society could not have been foreseen. G_[|N>
C D $Kb-mFR
分析:B错,应改为which。The extent to which, 介词加which(引导定语从句),影响社会的程度没有被预见 GA6Z{U{XS
NeHR%a2~
(六) 定语从句的特殊省略 7esG$sVj(
Reason后面有定语从句,中间往往省略why, A@_F ;4X
Time后面有定语从句,中间往往省略when ?YgK]IxD
I do remember the time I heard the sweetest voice in the wild world. n`6 8<ybl5
way后面有定语从句,中间省略了in which c1CP12
X\
\\RCp
例:Research on pain has been neglected, although the mainly Gr?"okaA
A B |RAi6;
reason people take medicine is to relieve pain. `-s+ zG
C D
M5exo
分析:B错,应改为main。mainly为副词,不能个饰后面的名词,故改为形容词main。句子中people take medicine修饰reason,定语从句引导词被省略 g;v{JB
))G%C6-
例:Commercial expansion from city to suburb has \E?1bc{\f
affected the way people in the United States----. *
2T
&