第三节 最高级 'y;EhOw
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考点一 最高级的形式 [YRz*5
一、英文中表示最的概念时,形容词要变为最高级,其形式主要有两种: [-65PC4aN
在词尾加-est (单音节形容词), 如:low-lowest, late-latest, lucky-luckiest, fit-fittest; a,@]8 r-"
或在词之前加most (多音节形容词), 如:most important, most sensitive
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少数词最高级形式特殊,如:good(well)-best, bad(ill)-worst, many(much)-most, little-least, etc. @TLS<~
TOEFL经常会出现这样的搭配: most highest, 这是不对的,hightest已经是最高级,前面当然不能在加most. 2
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例题: Tzt8h\Q^z
(1) A>
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The most easiest process for mining gold is panning, which involves using a circular nOt&pq7
A B =e/9&993
dish with a small pocket at the bottom. v~f HYa>
C D 7]U
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答案:A *rM^;4Zt
应改为:easiest. [>+4^&
解释:easiest本身已是最高级, most纯属画蛇添足, 应去掉 ' KWyx
二、没有等级的形容词 Od)Uv1
有些形容词本身就具有“比….年长”、“ 比…..优越”等含义,因此也就没有比较级和最高级。比如: inferior, superior, senior, anterior。这些形容词往往和to连用,而不和than连用。 <6EeD5{*
有些形容词本身就具备“最、极”的含义,所以就没有最高级和比较级。如: ;;_,~pI?k
absolute(绝对的), unique(独一无二的), infinite(无限的), round(圆的), right(对的), correct(正确的), wrong(错误的), perfect(完美的),这类形容词往往被称为绝对形容词 8UXjm_B^'
例题: gQ o]
Geoffrey Chaucer occupies a ---- place in English literature. 5QW=&zI`=
(A) most unique j>*R]mr6
(B) unique o9|nJ;
(C) least unique 3VsW@SG7N
(D)very unique nim*/LC[:
答案: B 0C =3dnp6
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考点二 最高级前的限定词 n(b(yXYm]
(1) 形容级做定语时, 最高级前通常要加定冠词the ,如: E=jNi
the most important thing, the biggest elephant WB?jRYp
但当最高级前有物主代词时,不需加the, 如: p6]7&{>
my latest hobby, her most interesting experience kY&k-K\
(2) 形容词作表语时,最高级前通常不加限定词 H;?{BV
如:She looks happiest whenever you are around. y[`l3;u:'
Excuse me, but I'm busiest at the moment. T?:Rdo!:u
例题: s:OFVlC%\
(1) XF P atd
Of all the Native Americans in the United States, the Navajos form largest group. t`WB;o!
A B C D ;Yx )tWQI
答案: D 3[\iQ*d }B
应改为: form the largest ZRv*!n(Ug<
解释: largest是最高级, 作group的定语, 之前必须加定冠词the o4`hY/<t
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考点三 范围词 y)F;zW<+
伴随最高级出现的往往有表示范围的词或短语,常用of 或among或 in 引导, 表示“在….之中”。 如:of all, in the world, in the country等, 在填空题的题干中包含表示范围的词时,空格处需填最高级 @AK
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例题: K\>tA)IPSV
(1) nIAx2dh?
The Appalachian Trail, extending approximately 2, 020 miles from Maine to |>27'#JC
A B B||*.`3gN
Georgia, is the longer continuous marked footpath in the world. ,/YF-L$(t
C D M8INk,si
答案:C 4,..kSA3iw
应改为:longest. @xQgY*f#
解释:本句有范围词in the world, 则定冠词the 之后应采用形容词最高级形式 $i&e[O7T;
考点四 most的其他用法 rW0kA1=E
对于most来讲,除了构成某些词最高级外,most的用法有几点需要注意,经常成为改错题的考点: `kOD[*
1. 当most表示大多数时,之前不加the, 并且有两种形式来表示大多数,分别为: - d8TD*^
most + 名词,如:most people, most Indian tribes; ,^?^dB
most + of + 限定词 + 名词或代词,如:most of his paintings,most of us, most of the modern artists D Gr>
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2. most有时意思等同于very, 此时most之前用不定冠词,如: A&s:\3*Kh
a most lovely girl, a most impressive proposal W [Of|?
例题: (>F%UY
(1) >QA
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The most substances expand in volume when they are heated. \x)n>{3C
A B C D kz{/(t
答案:A aJYgzr,
应改为:Most #rxVd
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解释:most只有在表示形容词最高级作定语时需加定冠词,此句表示“大多数”,没必要加the. Fp@TCP
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(2) 7+]=-
The most often flour is made from wheat, but it may also be made from the seeds ki [UV
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A B C !g Z67
of other cereal plants. RMX:9aQ3F
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答案:A ${+ @gJ+S
应改为:most. r~N"ere26
解释:the most 一般出现在最高级中, 此句most often为固定说法,意为经常 :80Z6F.k`
词汇:cereal: 谷类的 *_R]*o!W'
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the end. *\=.<|H Z
第三章 副词 hZh9uI7.
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副词和形容词有着千丝万缕的联系,相当比例的副词都是形容词加后缀-ly构成的,但副词在句中的作用却与形容词有较大区别,需细心领会:副词最主要的功能是作状语,用于修饰动词、形容词、副词、介词短语、甚至整个句子,这些都是形容词不可替代的作用,但切记在TOEFL题中不可修饰名词 VS9`{
副词可大致分为时间副词(如:now, then, recently), 地点副词(如:here, upstairs, everywhere), 方式副词(如:carefully, rapidly, happily), 程度副词(如:much, quite, extremely), 疑问副词(如:how, when, where), 承接副词(如:besides, however, therefore)等等 .gG1kW A-
副词比较级和最高级的用法基本和形容词相同,形容词比较级的特殊句式同样适用于副词,稍有不同的是副词最高级前的the可用可不用,不用时居多。副词比较级和最高级作为考点的不多,但在题干中多次出现,可留心体会与形容词的区别和联系 7nHF@Y|*"
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第一节 副词修饰动词 +
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修饰动词是副词的最主要作用之一,此处动词的含义包括谓语动词、不定式中的动词,被动式或进行时中的分词形式的动词 mocI&=EF2X
例如:You can't possibly arrive there on time. (谓语动词) {LX.iH
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It's inconvenient to contact him directly. (不定式中的动词) Sl-v W
Her composition is frequently referred to as original. (被动式) e_s&L,ze
改错题中常误用形容词修饰动词,要注意识别 qtiz a~u
例题: W5?yy>S6N
(1) dY@WI[yog
In the United States, sleds for recreation were first produced commercial in the 'a$Gv&fu
A B C {Z3dF)>
1870's or thereabouts. q6_u@:3u
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答案:C }:u~K;O87
应改为:commercially w=j
解释:形容词commercial不能修饰谓语动词produce, 需改为副词 *c%oN
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(2) U>V&-kxtV
According to anthropologists, the earliest ancestors of humans that stood upright resembled chimpanzees ----, with sloping foreheads and protruding brows. k$
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(A) facially X5X?&* %{
(B) their faces #ggf' QIHp
(C) having facial (q{Ck#+
(D) they had faces Z9575CI<
答案:A e*bH0'; q
解释:resemble一词是本句的谓语动词, 已有了宾语chimpanzees, 之后需要的只可能是用来补充说明的非谓语, B、D可先排除; facial是形容词, 不能作have的宾语, 因此C肯定不对; A是副词, 恰好修饰动词作状语 TJ:]SB
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第二节 程度副词much等 ]%BWIqbr
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程度副词much, still, far, a little, a bit 的特殊之处在于:可用来修饰比较级,表示加强或减弱程度。 如: I'm much clearer about the situation now. N@Y ljz
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She's not a bit more rational than you were. ^
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注意:much不能加形容词原形代替比较级 UW9?p}F
比如想说更有耐心:不能够说much patient, 而应该说more patient; iC W*]U
同时more也不能替代much修饰比较级, *xON W
比如要说低得多:不能说more lower , 而应该说much lower; EL8NZ%:v:
例句:She is far better than me at English. ( 在英语方面她比我好的多) 2RN)<\ P
例题: \3'9Uz,OC
(1) td4[[ /
Watercolors dry more faster than other paints. ;5tazBy&:C
A B C D ]J:1P`k.
答案:C 1j:
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应改为:much faster 94 e):
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解释:比较级more不能修饰比较级faster, 应改为程度副词much ;=<-5;rI
(2) -
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Reptiles are widely distributed all over the world, but are much abundant in warm W-.pmU e2
A B 7ULqo>j
regions and are virtually absent beyond the treeline in the Arctic. KN?6;G{
C D Mz1G5xcl
答案:B YKE46q;J
应改为:more. B*~5)}1op
解释:much作为形容词不能修饰另一个形容词, 而作副词时只能修饰形容词比较级, 如much better, much more expensive, 依句意是要将爬行动物在温带地区和寒带地区的分布加以对比, 因此改为比较级more abundant zoDH` h_
(3) TYlbU<
Aluminum is the most abundant metal in the crust of the Earth, but the nonmetals ,_X/Gb6)
A B C &BtK($
oxygen and silicon are more still abundant. CBDG./
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考点:程度副词 X^\>:<
答案:D cwm_nQKk
应改为:still more cZ(elZ0~
解释:程度副词still修饰比较级more时,应置于其前, zOV=9"~{
词汇:crust: 地壳 silicon: 硅 "dROb}szn
(4) QT9n,lX
A goose's neck is a tiny longer than that of a duck and not so gracefully curved as a 4n
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A B C D DhX#E&
swan's. *loOiM\5a
考点:程度副词 @xe
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答案:A TLd `1Ac
应改为:little OiAJ[L
解释:形容词tiny不能修饰比较级longer, 应改用程度副词a little R(-<BtM!-
词汇:gracefully: 优雅地, swan: 天鹅