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楼主  发表于: 2007-09-22   

语法3(未完 )

第三节 最高级 @!!5el {  
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考点一 最高级的形式 \2Q#'  
一、英文中表示最的概念时,形容词要变为最高级,其形式主要有两种: u@Z6)r'  
在词尾加-est (单音节形容词), 如:low-lowest, late-latest, lucky-luckiest, fit-fittest; +QSH*(,  
或在词之前加most (多音节形容词), 如:most important, most sensitive x97L>>|  
少数词最高级形式特殊,如:good(well)-best, bad(ill)-worst, many(much)-most, little-least, etc. }_+):<Db  
TOEFL经常会出现这样的搭配: most highest, 这是不对的,hightest已经是最高级,前面当然不能在加most. 5RF*c,cNq  
例题: K'K/}q<  
(1) w`/~y   
The most easiest process for mining gold is panning, which involves using a circular g`6I,6G  
    A                          B '+GYw$  
dish with a small pocket at the bottom. IFtaoK  
 C          D TyR@3H  
答案:A , s,AkH  
应改为:easiest. NR^3 1&}It  
解释:easiest本身已是最高级, most纯属画蛇添足, 应去掉 I3ugBLxVC3  
二、没有等级的形容词 A#F6~QX(.9  
有些形容词本身就具有“比….年长”、“ 比…..优越”等含义,因此也就没有比较级和最高级。比如: inferior, superior, senior, anterior。这些形容词往往和to连用,而不和than连用。 !G'wC0  
有些形容词本身就具备“最、极”的含义,所以就没有最高级和比较级。如: $?OQtz@  
absolute(绝对的), unique(独一无二的), infinite(无限的), round(圆的), right(对的), correct(正确的), wrong(错误的), perfect(完美的),这类形容词往往被称为绝对形容词 BGstf4v>A<  
例题: |g<l|lqz|  
Geoffrey Chaucer occupies a ---- place in English literature. <yw=+hz[u  
(A) most unique :vFY qoCn  
(B) unique @G|z _  
(C) least unique \`*]}48Z  
(D)very unique , LqfwA|  
答案: B 'SWK{t \4  
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考点二 最高级前的限定词 3_J({  
(1) 形容级做定语时, 最高级前通常要加定冠词the ,如: h,MaF<~  
the most important thing, the biggest elephant B\~(:(OPM]  
但当最高级前有物主代词时,不需加the, 如: 2FN#63  
my latest hobby, her most interesting experience }e>OmfxDBt  
(2) 形容词作表语时,最高级前通常不加限定词 K[q-[q#yc  
如:She looks happiest whenever you are around. |tFg9R T  
    Excuse me, but I'm busiest at the moment. ypTH=]y  
例题: T7(U6yN  
(1) aOmQ<N]a  
  Of all the Native Americans in the United States, the Navajos form largest group. =vb'T  
  A  B         C              D G~f|Sx  
答案: D P#,g5  
应改为: form the largest 3AcDW6x|  
解释: largest是最高级, 作group的定语, 之前必须加定冠词the 8?hj}}H  
0)9n${P7d  
考点三 范围词 ZP<OyX?  
伴随最高级出现的往往有表示范围的词或短语,常用of 或among或 in 引导, 表示“在….之中”。 如:of all, in the world, in the country等, 在填空题的题干中包含表示范围的词时,空格处需填最高级 cu4|!s`#  
例题: l0%7u  
(1) <,&t}7M/:  
The Appalachian Trail, extending approximately 2, 020 miles from Maine to _$T.N  
            A            B        yY80E[v  
Georgia, is the longer continuous marked footpath in the world. #ahe@|E'Y  
         C    D 7C~g ?1  
答案:C .R&jRtb/E  
应改为:longest. bG]?AiW r  
解释:本句有范围词in the world, 则定冠词the 之后应采用形容词最高级形式 N{K[sXCW  
考点四 most的其他用法 9i!|wkx  
对于most来讲,除了构成某些词最高级外,most的用法有几点需要注意,经常成为改错题的考点: jB\Knxm v  
1.       当most表示大多数时,之前不加the, 并且有两种形式来表示大多数,分别为: }`_x%]EJ  
most + 名词,如:most people, most Indian tribes; Yi|Nd;  
most + of + 限定词 + 名词或代词,如:most of his paintings,most of us, most of the modern artists [:l=>yJ{(  
2. most有时意思等同于very, 此时most之前用不定冠词,如: dMa6hI{k  
a most lovely girl, a most impressive proposal 7"Q;Yi2(  
例题: YDGW]T]i ?  
(1) P5Pb2|\*  
  The most substances expand in volume when they are heated. ^dKtUH/78G  
   A        B   C     D (6i. >%|_  
答案:A ;2547b[ ]  
应改为:Most -\8v{ry  
解释:most只有在表示形容词最高级作定语时需加定冠词,此句表示“大多数”,没必要加the. 77%I%<#  
(2) 3d(:Y6D)  
The most often flour is made from wheat, but it may also be made from the seeds }i9VV+L#1  
   A       B              C p9~$}!ua  
 of other cereal plants. A 7zL\U4  
  D w*gG1BV  
答案:A WdTia o,r  
应改为:most. J|DY /v  
解释:the most 一般出现在最高级中, 此句most often为固定说法,意为经常 Z \;{e'#o  
词汇:cereal: 谷类的 'E4}++\  
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the end. +sx$%N  
第三章 副词 ed$w5dv  
v}Kj+9h  
副词和形容词有着千丝万缕的联系,相当比例的副词都是形容词加后缀-ly构成的,但副词在句中的作用却与形容词有较大区别,需细心领会:副词最主要的功能是作状语,用于修饰动词、形容词、副词、介词短语、甚至整个句子,这些都是形容词不可替代的作用,但切记在TOEFL题中不可修饰名词 Si-Q'*Y=  
副词可大致分为时间副词(如:now, then, recently), 地点副词(如:here, upstairs, everywhere), 方式副词(如:carefully, rapidly, happily), 程度副词(如:much, quite, extremely), 疑问副词(如:how, when, where), 承接副词(如:besides, however, therefore)等等 $)VnHr `hy  
副词比较级和最高级的用法基本和形容词相同,形容词比较级的特殊句式同样适用于副词,稍有不同的是副词最高级前的the可用可不用,不用时居多。副词比较级和最高级作为考点的不多,但在题干中多次出现,可留心体会与形容词的区别和联系 nYy+5u]FG  
v`r*Yok;`  
第一节 副词修饰动词 T< o8lL  
1 abQoe  
修饰动词是副词的最主要作用之一,此处动词的含义包括谓语动词、不定式中的动词,被动式或进行时中的分词形式的动词 F??gVa aj  
例如:You can't possibly arrive there on time. (谓语动词) F_nXsKem  
It's inconvenient to contact him directly. (不定式中的动词) mIv}%hD  
Her composition is frequently referred to as original. (被动式) m tVoA8(6  
改错题中常误用形容词修饰动词,要注意识别 #F'8vf'r  
例题: f;obK~b[  
(1) ? w@)3Z=u  
In the United States, sleds for recreation were first produced commercial in the P}"uC `036  
             A        B    C Y {|is2M9'  
 1870's or thereabouts.  !x EGN@  
      D wnHfjF  
答案:C D|IS@gWa  
应改为:commercially mi@ni+2Tn  
解释:形容词commercial不能修饰谓语动词produce, 需改为副词 T%SK";PAU$  
(2) O[F  
According to anthropologists, the earliest ancestors of humans that stood upright resembled chimpanzees ----, with sloping foreheads and protruding brows. RhkTN'vO  
(A) facially +IG=|X  
(B) their faces aq - |  
(C) having facial 4++pK;I  
(D) they had faces zEYQZywc  
答案:A `Nv P)|  
解释:resemble一词是本句的谓语动词, 已有了宾语chimpanzees, 之后需要的只可能是用来补充说明的非谓语, B、D可先排除; facial是形容词, 不能作have的宾语, 因此C肯定不对; A是副词, 恰好修饰动词作状语 X}`39r.  
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第二节 程度副词much等 y-mjfW`n  
.H Pa\b\L>  
程度副词much, still, far, a little, a bit 的特殊之处在于:可用来修饰比较级,表示加强或减弱程度。 如: I'm much clearer about the situation now. H/ar: j  
She's not a bit more rational than you were. VXl|AA<OG  
注意:much不能加形容词原形代替比较级 %$67*pY'JH  
比如想说更有耐心:不能够说much patient, 而应该说more patient; '~zi~Q7M  
同时more也不能替代much修饰比较级, HJt '@t=Ak  
比如要说低得多:不能说more lower , 而应该说much lower; f9vitFkb+  
例句:She is far better than me at English. ( 在英语方面她比我好的多) 'l_F@ZO{(  
例题: f( <O~D  
(1) se*k56,  
Watercolors dry more faster than other paints. <7`U1DR=  
   A    B   C    D svtqX-Vj"  
答案:C yYdh+x  
应改为:much faster :"cKxd  
解释:比较级more不能修饰比较级faster, 应改为程度副词much }yw>d\] f  
(2) k}!'@  
Reptiles are widely distributed all over the world, but are much abundant in warm @T J  
        A                 B l[[^]__  
  regions and are virtually absent beyond the treeline in the Arctic. pUa\YO1J  
          C     D $GYy[8{:V  
答案:B `cPZsL  
应改为:more. m]c1DvQb  
解释:much作为形容词不能修饰另一个形容词, 而作副词时只能修饰形容词比较级, 如much better, much more expensive, 依句意是要将爬行动物在温带地区和寒带地区的分布加以对比, 因此改为比较级more abundant uZ'(fnZ$  
(3) 5..YC=_20  
Aluminum is the most abundant metal in the crust of the Earth, but the nonmetals G!lF5;Ad`  
         A          B      C ]}n|5  
oxygen and silicon are more still abundant. aLlH R_  
            D @r(3   
考点:程度副词 z L9:e7o  
答案:D ;te( {u+  
应改为:still more a)I>Ns)  
解释:程度副词still修饰比较级more时,应置于其前, [3x},KM  
词汇:crust: 地壳 silicon: 硅 00@F?|-j  
(4) 8C@6 b4VK  
A goose's neck is a tiny longer than that of a duck and not so gracefully curved as a  M{SJ8+G  
        A      B          C      D ~y"OyOi&  
swan's. %evtIU<h  
考点:程度副词 8U}+9  
答案:A AnK X4Q  
应改为:little 8dC RS U  
解释:形容词tiny不能修饰比较级longer, 应改用程度副词a little DuLl"w\_@  
词汇:gracefully: 优雅地, swan: 天鹅
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