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楼主  发表于: 2007-09-22   

语法3(未完 )

第三节 最高级 'y;EhOw j,  
#I{h\x><?  
考点一 最高级的形式 [YRz*5   
一、英文中表示最的概念时,形容词要变为最高级,其形式主要有两种: [-65PC4aN  
在词尾加-est (单音节形容词), 如:low-lowest, late-latest, lucky-luckiest, fit-fittest; a,@]8r-"  
或在词之前加most (多音节形容词), 如:most important, most sensitive ?]|\4]zV  
少数词最高级形式特殊,如:good(well)-best, bad(ill)-worst, many(much)-most, little-least, etc. @TLS<~  
TOEFL经常会出现这样的搭配: most highest, 这是不对的,hightest已经是最高级,前面当然不能在加most. 2 #KJ asX  
例题: Tzt8h\Q^z  
(1) A> vBQN  
The most easiest process for mining gold is panning, which involves using a circular nOt&pq7  
    A                          B =e/9&993  
dish with a small pocket at the bottom. v~f HYa>  
 C          D 7]U "Z*  
答案:A *rM^;4Zt  
应改为:easiest. [>+4^&  
解释:easiest本身已是最高级, most纯属画蛇添足, 应去掉 ' KWyx  
二、没有等级的形容词 Od)Uv1  
有些形容词本身就具有“比….年长”、“ 比…..优越”等含义,因此也就没有比较级和最高级。比如: inferior, superior, senior, anterior。这些形容词往往和to连用,而不和than连用。 <6EeD5{*  
有些形容词本身就具备“最、极”的含义,所以就没有最高级和比较级。如: ;;_,~pI?k  
absolute(绝对的), unique(独一无二的), infinite(无限的), round(圆的), right(对的), correct(正确的), wrong(错误的), perfect(完美的),这类形容词往往被称为绝对形容词 8UXjm_B^'  
例题: gQo]  
Geoffrey Chaucer occupies a ---- place in English literature. 5QW=&zI`=  
(A) most unique j>*R]mr6  
(B) unique o9|nJ;  
(C) least unique 3VsW@SG7N  
(D)very unique nim*/LC[:  
答案: B 0C =3dnp6  
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考点二 最高级前的限定词 n(b(yXYm]  
(1) 形容级做定语时, 最高级前通常要加定冠词the ,如: E=jNi  
the most important thing, the biggest elephant WB?jRYp  
但当最高级前有物主代词时,不需加the, 如: p6 ]7&{>  
my latest hobby, her most interesting experience kY&k-K\  
(2) 形容词作表语时,最高级前通常不加限定词 H;?{BV  
如:She looks happiest whenever you are around. y[`l3;u:'  
    Excuse me, but I'm busiest at the moment. T?:Rdo!:u  
例题: s:OFVlC%\  
(1) XF Patd  
  Of all the Native Americans in the United States, the Navajos form largest group. t`WB;o!  
  A  B         C              D ;Yx)tWQI  
答案: D 3[\iQ*d }B  
应改为: form the largest ZRv*!n(Ug<  
解释: largest是最高级, 作group的定语, 之前必须加定冠词the o 4`hY/<t  
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考点三 范围词 y)F;zW<+  
伴随最高级出现的往往有表示范围的词或短语,常用of 或among或 in 引导, 表示“在….之中”。 如:of all, in the world, in the country等, 在填空题的题干中包含表示范围的词时,空格处需填最高级 @AK n@T5  
例题: K\>tA)IPSV  
(1) nIAx2dh?  
The Appalachian Trail, extending approximately 2, 020 miles from Maine to |>27'#JC  
            A            B        B||*.`3gN  
Georgia, is the longer continuous marked footpath in the world. ,/YF-L$(t  
         C    D M8INk,si  
答案:C 4,..kSA3iw  
应改为:longest. @xQgY*f#  
解释:本句有范围词in the world, 则定冠词the 之后应采用形容词最高级形式 $i&e[O7T;  
考点四 most的其他用法 rW0kA1=E  
对于most来讲,除了构成某些词最高级外,most的用法有几点需要注意,经常成为改错题的考点: `k OD[*  
1.       当most表示大多数时,之前不加the, 并且有两种形式来表示大多数,分别为: -d8TD*^  
most + 名词,如:most people, most Indian tribes; ,^?^ dB  
most + of + 限定词 + 名词或代词,如:most of his paintings,most of us, most of the modern artists D Gr> 2  
2. most有时意思等同于very, 此时most之前用不定冠词,如: A&s:\3*Kh  
a most lovely girl, a most impressive proposal W [Of|?  
例题: (>F%UY  
(1) >QA uEM  
  The most substances expand in volume when they are heated. \x)n>{3C  
   A        B   C     D kz{/(t  
答案:A aJYgzr,  
应改为:Most #rxVd 7f  
解释:most只有在表示形容词最高级作定语时需加定冠词,此句表示“大多数”,没必要加the. Fp@TCP e#  
(2) 7+]=-  
The most often flour is made from wheat, but it may also be made from the seeds ki[UV zd  
   A       B              C !g Z67  
 of other cereal plants. RMX:9aQ3F  
  D _8"O$w  
答案:A ${+ @gJ+S  
应改为:most. r~N"ere26  
解释:the most 一般出现在最高级中, 此句most often为固定说法,意为经常 :80Z6F.k`  
词汇:cereal: 谷类的 *_R]*o!W'  
,$1eFgY%  
the end. *\=.<|HZ  
第三章 副词 hZh9uI7.  
jZh';M8"  
副词和形容词有着千丝万缕的联系,相当比例的副词都是形容词加后缀-ly构成的,但副词在句中的作用却与形容词有较大区别,需细心领会:副词最主要的功能是作状语,用于修饰动词、形容词、副词、介词短语、甚至整个句子,这些都是形容词不可替代的作用,但切记在TOEFL题中不可修饰名词 VS9`{  
副词可大致分为时间副词(如:now, then, recently), 地点副词(如:here, upstairs, everywhere), 方式副词(如:carefully, rapidly, happily), 程度副词(如:much, quite, extremely), 疑问副词(如:how, when, where), 承接副词(如:besides, however, therefore)等等 .gG1kWA-  
副词比较级和最高级的用法基本和形容词相同,形容词比较级的特殊句式同样适用于副词,稍有不同的是副词最高级前的the可用可不用,不用时居多。副词比较级和最高级作为考点的不多,但在题干中多次出现,可留心体会与形容词的区别和联系 7nHF@Y|*"  
MxSM@3v(  
第一节 副词修饰动词 + `  s@  
V2$h8\a  
修饰动词是副词的最主要作用之一,此处动词的含义包括谓语动词、不定式中的动词,被动式或进行时中的分词形式的动词 mocI&=EF2X  
例如:You can't possibly arrive there on time. (谓语动词) {LX.iH 9}l  
It's inconvenient to contact him directly. (不定式中的动词) Sl-v W  
Her composition is frequently referred to as original. (被动式) e_s&L,ze  
改错题中常误用形容词修饰动词,要注意识别 qtiz a~u  
例题: W5?yy>S6N  
(1) dY@WI[yog  
In the United States, sleds for recreation were first produced commercial in the 'a$Gv&fu  
             A        B    C {Z3dF)>  
 1870's or thereabouts. q6_u@:3u  
      D 5QPM t^  
答案:C }:u~K;O87  
应改为:commercially w=j  
解释:形容词commercial不能修饰谓语动词produce, 需改为副词 *c%oN |  
(2) U>V&-kxtV  
According to anthropologists, the earliest ancestors of humans that stood upright resembled chimpanzees ----, with sloping foreheads and protruding brows. k$ H%.l;E  
(A) facially X5X?&* %{  
(B) their faces #ggf' QIHp  
(C) having facial (q{Ck#+  
(D) they had faces Z9575CI<  
答案:A e*bH0';q  
解释:resemble一词是本句的谓语动词, 已有了宾语chimpanzees, 之后需要的只可能是用来补充说明的非谓语, B、D可先排除; facial是形容词, 不能作have的宾语, 因此C肯定不对; A是副词, 恰好修饰动词作状语 TJ: ]SB  
OfctoPP _0  
第二节 程度副词much等 ]%BWIqbr  
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程度副词much, still, far, a little, a bit 的特殊之处在于:可用来修饰比较级,表示加强或减弱程度。 如: I'm much clearer about the situation now. N@Y ljz |  
She's not a bit more rational than you were. ^ <Pq,u%k  
注意:much不能加形容词原形代替比较级 UW9?p}F  
比如想说更有耐心:不能够说much patient, 而应该说more patient; iCW*]U  
同时more也不能替代much修饰比较级, *xON W  
比如要说低得多:不能说more lower , 而应该说much lower; EL8NZ%:v:  
例句:She is far better than me at English. ( 在英语方面她比我好的多) 2RN)<\P  
例题: \3'9Uz,OC  
(1) td4[[ /  
Watercolors dry more faster than other paints. ;5tazBy&:C  
   A    B   C    D ]J:1P`k.  
答案:C 1j: Wh  
应改为:much faster 94 e): jS  
解释:比较级more不能修饰比较级faster, 应改为程度副词much ;=<-5;rI  
(2) - /(s#D  
Reptiles are widely distributed all over the world, but are much abundant in warm W-.pmU e2  
        A                 B 7UL qo>j  
  regions and are virtually absent beyond the treeline in the Arctic. KN?6;G{  
          C     D Mz1G5xcl  
答案:B YKE46q;J  
应改为:more. B*~5)}1op  
解释:much作为形容词不能修饰另一个形容词, 而作副词时只能修饰形容词比较级, 如much better, much more expensive, 依句意是要将爬行动物在温带地区和寒带地区的分布加以对比, 因此改为比较级more abundant zoDH` h_  
(3) TYlbU<  
Aluminum is the most abundant metal in the crust of the Earth, but the nonmetals ,_X /Gb6)  
         A          B      C &BtK($  
oxygen and silicon are more still abundant. CBDG./  
            D @FC"nM  
考点:程度副词 X^\> :<  
答案:D cwm_nQKk  
应改为:still more cZ(elZ0~  
解释:程度副词still修饰比较级more时,应置于其前, zO V=9"~{  
词汇:crust: 地壳 silicon: 硅 "dROb}szn  
(4) QT9n,lX  
A goose's neck is a tiny longer than that of a duck and not so gracefully curved as a 4n %?YQ[t  
        A      B          C      D DhX#E&  
swan's. *loOiM\5a  
考点:程度副词 @x e Ac0.^  
答案:A TLd`1Ac  
应改为:little OiAJ[L  
解释:形容词tiny不能修饰比较级longer, 应改用程度副词a little R(-<BtM!-  
词汇:gracefully: 优雅地, swan: 天鹅
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