第三节 最高级 mN1n/LNi
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考点一 最高级的形式 *m[[>wE
一、英文中表示最的概念时,形容词要变为最高级,其形式主要有两种: f_| =EQ
在词尾加-est (单音节形容词), 如:low-lowest, late-latest, lucky-luckiest, fit-fittest; rch Kr w
或在词之前加most (多音节形容词), 如:most important, most sensitive W]M Fq5.
少数词最高级形式特殊,如:good(well)-best, bad(ill)-worst, many(much)-most, little-least, etc. 4ms"mIt
TOEFL经常会出现这样的搭配: most highest, 这是不对的,hightest已经是最高级,前面当然不能在加most. Pk&sY'
例题: SX[
(1) @
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The most easiest process for mining gold is panning, which involves using a circular [s~6,wz
A B OF O,5
dish with a small pocket at the bottom.
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C D ~SYW@o
答案:A b-YmS=*
应改为:easiest. pLtK :Z
解释:easiest本身已是最高级, most纯属画蛇添足, 应去掉 >lF@M-
二、没有等级的形容词 TPNKvv!s
有些形容词本身就具有“比….年长”、“ 比…..优越”等含义,因此也就没有比较级和最高级。比如: inferior, superior, senior, anterior。这些形容词往往和to连用,而不和than连用。 $ <Mf#.8%
有些形容词本身就具备“最、极”的含义,所以就没有最高级和比较级。如: Sn[/'V^$a
absolute(绝对的), unique(独一无二的), infinite(无限的), round(圆的), right(对的), correct(正确的), wrong(错误的), perfect(完美的),这类形容词往往被称为绝对形容词 <AU0ir
例题: YhL^kM@c
Geoffrey Chaucer occupies a ---- place in English literature. EAK[2?CY
(A) most unique F[]6U/g n
(B) unique Mt&n|']`8
(C) least unique +nL#c{
(D)very unique {pC$jd>T
答案: B UHBMl>~z
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考点二 最高级前的限定词 OtoG,~?
(1) 形容级做定语时, 最高级前通常要加定冠词the ,如: Dw<bLSaW&
the most important thing, the biggest elephant Ht|"91ZC5
但当最高级前有物主代词时,不需加the, 如: mnFmShu
my latest hobby, her most interesting experience ;Swy5z0=ro
(2) 形容词作表语时,最高级前通常不加限定词 L+8O
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如:She looks happiest whenever you are around. O"J"H2}S
Excuse me, but I'm busiest at the moment. o,{]<Sm
例题: wxy@XN"/i+
(1) JthU'"K
Of all the Native Americans in the United States, the Navajos form largest group. #dQFs]:F
A B C D DSlO.)dHu
答案: D C]Q}HI#G
应改为: form the largest l YpoS
解释: largest是最高级, 作group的定语, 之前必须加定冠词the /q)
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考点三 范围词 ~Gl5O`w(
伴随最高级出现的往往有表示范围的词或短语,常用of 或among或 in 引导, 表示“在….之中”。 如:of all, in the world, in the country等, 在填空题的题干中包含表示范围的词时,空格处需填最高级 `x
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例题: G|TnvZ KX
(1) X2'XbG3
The Appalachian Trail, extending approximately 2, 020 miles from Maine to eo^C[#
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A B C$4{'J-ZH
Georgia, is the longer continuous marked footpath in the world. M5 ^qc
C D J+}z*/)|#
答案:C o>|D
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应改为:longest. gH*(1*
解释:本句有范围词in the world, 则定冠词the 之后应采用形容词最高级形式 )>@%;\qV
考点四 most的其他用法 \\3 ?ij:v
对于most来讲,除了构成某些词最高级外,most的用法有几点需要注意,经常成为改错题的考点: -Ua&/Yd/}
1. 当most表示大多数时,之前不加the, 并且有两种形式来表示大多数,分别为: O`T_'.Lk
most + 名词,如:most people, most Indian tribes; $i1:--~2\
most + of + 限定词 + 名词或代词,如:most of his paintings,most of us, most of the modern artists syCT)}T6z
2. most有时意思等同于very, 此时most之前用不定冠词,如: p3e=~{v*
a most lovely girl, a most impressive proposal 4/OmgBo'
例题: }zqo<o
(1) Y^ y:N$3$\
The most substances expand in volume when they are heated. E6M*o+Y
A B C D 7spZe"
答案:A &MPlSIg
应改为:Most 9Ais)Wy%p
解释:most只有在表示形容词最高级作定语时需加定冠词,此句表示“大多数”,没必要加the. >< VUly
(2) AQ,"):ofvT
The most often flour is made from wheat, but it may also be made from the seeds We vd6)\
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of other cereal plants. |;&I$'i
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答案:A .1z=VLKF'
应改为:most. $ wDSED -
解释:the most 一般出现在最高级中, 此句most often为固定说法,意为经常 DQ9aq.;
词汇:cereal: 谷类的 \U##b~Z,g
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the end. lJ,\^\q
第三章 副词 h<8c{RuoZC
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副词和形容词有着千丝万缕的联系,相当比例的副词都是形容词加后缀-ly构成的,但副词在句中的作用却与形容词有较大区别,需细心领会:副词最主要的功能是作状语,用于修饰动词、形容词、副词、介词短语、甚至整个句子,这些都是形容词不可替代的作用,但切记在TOEFL题中不可修饰名词 g_Rp}6g
副词可大致分为时间副词(如:now, then, recently), 地点副词(如:here, upstairs, everywhere), 方式副词(如:carefully, rapidly, happily), 程度副词(如:much, quite, extremely), 疑问副词(如:how, when, where), 承接副词(如:besides, however, therefore)等等
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副词比较级和最高级的用法基本和形容词相同,形容词比较级的特殊句式同样适用于副词,稍有不同的是副词最高级前的the可用可不用,不用时居多。副词比较级和最高级作为考点的不多,但在题干中多次出现,可留心体会与形容词的区别和联系 u:tcL-;U
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第一节 副词修饰动词 %oWG"u
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修饰动词是副词的最主要作用之一,此处动词的含义包括谓语动词、不定式中的动词,被动式或进行时中的分词形式的动词 L\5:od[E
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例如:You can't possibly arrive there on time. (谓语动词) }EP}D?Mmu
It's inconvenient to contact him directly. (不定式中的动词) ?M6)O?[
Her composition is frequently referred to as original. (被动式) a .?AniB0
改错题中常误用形容词修饰动词,要注意识别 06Q9X!xD
例题: X*w;6 V
(1) uH,/S4?X
In the United States, sleds for recreation were first produced commercial in the m AET`B "
A B C gm=C0Sp?
1870's or thereabouts. :ln?PT
D Qr7|;l3
答案:C ~b0l?P*Ff
应改为:commercially 2J%L%6z8~
解释:形容词commercial不能修饰谓语动词produce, 需改为副词 <a&xhG}
(2) .726^2sx
According to anthropologists, the earliest ancestors of humans that stood upright resembled chimpanzees ----, with sloping foreheads and protruding brows. J!G92A~*]
(A) facially z
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(B) their faces ld):Am}/o
(C) having facial P}( c0/
(D) they had faces jTZi<
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答案:A ,fN <I
解释:resemble一词是本句的谓语动词, 已有了宾语chimpanzees, 之后需要的只可能是用来补充说明的非谓语, B、D可先排除; facial是形容词, 不能作have的宾语, 因此C肯定不对; A是副词, 恰好修饰动词作状语 2PUB@B'
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第二节 程度副词much等 VS>hi~j
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程度副词much, still, far, a little, a bit 的特殊之处在于:可用来修饰比较级,表示加强或减弱程度。 如: I'm much clearer about the situation now. .y_ ~mr&d
She's not a bit more rational than you were. |u$*'EsP
注意:much不能加形容词原形代替比较级 rg#/kd<?[V
比如想说更有耐心:不能够说much patient, 而应该说more patient; =knLkbiq7,
同时more也不能替代much修饰比较级, ~k?t
比如要说低得多:不能说more lower , 而应该说much lower; n<HF]
例句:She is far better than me at English. ( 在英语方面她比我好的多) @{Fa=".Ch
例题: b
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(1) gvo5^O+)HH
Watercolors dry more faster than other paints. :B|rs&
A B C D 2t
答案:C .>PwbZ
应改为:much faster Z/v )^VR
解释:比较级more不能修饰比较级faster, 应改为程度副词much e%{7CR'~TD
(2) h"}F3E
Reptiles are widely distributed all over the world, but are much abundant in warm |8x_Av0
A B j.+,c#hFo
regions and are virtually absent beyond the treeline in the Arctic. Y2N$&]O{
C D 2"P1I
答案:B -(}N-yu
应改为:more. /^&$ma\
解释:much作为形容词不能修饰另一个形容词, 而作副词时只能修饰形容词比较级, 如much better, much more expensive, 依句意是要将爬行动物在温带地区和寒带地区的分布加以对比, 因此改为比较级more abundant ZX{eggXl
(3) BCd0X. m(
Aluminum is the most abundant metal in the crust of the Earth, but the nonmetals !4t%\N6Ib
A B C miCY?=N`
oxygen and silicon are more still abundant. o(t`XE['<
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考点:程度副词 T).}~i;!
答案:D 2Y=Q%
应改为:still more a{?>F&vnU
解释:程度副词still修饰比较级more时,应置于其前, <!|=_W6
词汇:crust: 地壳 silicon: 硅 pBQ[lPCY/
(4) R9+f^o`W
A goose's neck is a tiny longer than that of a duck and not so gracefully curved as a aIWpgUd`
A B C D 6skd>v UU
swan's. `0{qfms
考点:程度副词 mj9]M?]
答案:A [FW
B
应改为:little `X`|]mWj
解释:形容词tiny不能修饰比较级longer, 应改用程度副词a little T(~^X-k
词汇:gracefully: 优雅地, swan: 天鹅