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楼主  发表于: 2007-09-22   

语法3(未完 )

第三节 最高级 ,*r}23  
/M3UK  
考点一 最高级的形式 q5UD!& W  
一、英文中表示最的概念时,形容词要变为最高级,其形式主要有两种: v RR(b!Lq  
在词尾加-est (单音节形容词), 如:low-lowest, late-latest, lucky-luckiest, fit-fittest; ]DO ~7p[  
或在词之前加most (多音节形容词), 如:most important, most sensitive m,"N 4a@  
少数词最高级形式特殊,如:good(well)-best, bad(ill)-worst, many(much)-most, little-least, etc. FB\lUO)U\c  
TOEFL经常会出现这样的搭配: most highest, 这是不对的,hightest已经是最高级,前面当然不能在加most. ayR;| S  
例题: A@o:mZ+XN(  
(1) 6M/*]jLq4  
The most easiest process for mining gold is panning, which involves using a circular |_ADG  
    A                          B iem@ K  
dish with a small pocket at the bottom. $}TK ,/W  
 C          D ydx-` yg#  
答案:A 5{esL4k  
应改为:easiest. j/Dc';,d.(  
解释:easiest本身已是最高级, most纯属画蛇添足, 应去掉 @8;0p  
二、没有等级的形容词 -{=c T?"+  
有些形容词本身就具有“比….年长”、“ 比…..优越”等含义,因此也就没有比较级和最高级。比如: inferior, superior, senior, anterior。这些形容词往往和to连用,而不和than连用。 D#pZN,'  
有些形容词本身就具备“最、极”的含义,所以就没有最高级和比较级。如: 2GB+st,  
absolute(绝对的), unique(独一无二的), infinite(无限的), round(圆的), right(对的), correct(正确的), wrong(错误的), perfect(完美的),这类形容词往往被称为绝对形容词 ee7{5  
例题: %dN',  
Geoffrey Chaucer occupies a ---- place in English literature. KXtc4wra  
(A) most unique DClV&\i=o  
(B) unique M.(shIu!+  
(C) least unique N)&(&2  
(D)very unique ^-|yF2>`  
答案: B -j<g}IG  
`H7V['  
考点二 最高级前的限定词 * I{)8  
(1) 形容级做定语时, 最高级前通常要加定冠词the ,如: m K);NvJ!  
the most important thing, the biggest elephant Bp.z6x4  
但当最高级前有物主代词时,不需加the, 如: -T   5$l  
my latest hobby, her most interesting experience #SR"Q`P  
(2) 形容词作表语时,最高级前通常不加限定词 Hh<3k- *d  
如:She looks happiest whenever you are around. ~:|qdv%\  
    Excuse me, but I'm busiest at the moment. S(b5Gj/Kd  
例题: yVP 1=pz_[  
(1) C K{.Ic^  
  Of all the Native Americans in the United States, the Navajos form largest group. j$f`:A  
  A  B         C              D 2Y+8!4^L a  
答案: D yQ3*~d~U|L  
应改为: form the largest !N:: 1c@C  
解释: largest是最高级, 作group的定语, 之前必须加定冠词the QvF UFawN  
\qU.?V[2  
考点三 范围词 BWz7m9 T  
伴随最高级出现的往往有表示范围的词或短语,常用of 或among或 in 引导, 表示“在….之中”。 如:of all, in the world, in the country等, 在填空题的题干中包含表示范围的词时,空格处需填最高级 KT5"/fv  
例题: qZ:--,9+  
(1) XP$1CWI  
The Appalachian Trail, extending approximately 2, 020 miles from Maine to 2yFXX9!@  
            A            B        n<x NE %  
Georgia, is the longer continuous marked footpath in the world. tVf1]3(_>  
         C    D gXR1nnK  
答案:C ]('isq,P  
应改为:longest. m;v/(d>  
解释:本句有范围词in the world, 则定冠词the 之后应采用形容词最高级形式 ^<@9ph  
考点四 most的其他用法 xV h-Mx+M  
对于most来讲,除了构成某些词最高级外,most的用法有几点需要注意,经常成为改错题的考点: U =()T}b>  
1.       当most表示大多数时,之前不加the, 并且有两种形式来表示大多数,分别为: D:uBr|('  
most + 名词,如:most people, most Indian tribes; CENA!W WQ  
most + of + 限定词 + 名词或代词,如:most of his paintings,most of us, most of the modern artists "~f=7  
2. most有时意思等同于very, 此时most之前用不定冠词,如: tXocGM {6C  
a most lovely girl, a most impressive proposal ya9V+/i7T_  
例题: C?FUc cI  
(1) k^pf)*p  
  The most substances expand in volume when they are heated. .<|7BHL  
   A        B   C     D | Wrf|%p  
答案:A Q6cF <L`bW  
应改为:Most 2<aBUGA  
解释:most只有在表示形容词最高级作定语时需加定冠词,此句表示“大多数”,没必要加the. )ow|n^D($M  
(2) Ny;(1N|&3  
The most often flour is made from wheat, but it may also be made from the seeds `]^JOw5o  
   A       B              C pP&TFy#G+'  
 of other cereal plants. s!q6OVJ-  
  D Y9TaU]7]  
答案:A O)'Bx=S4Ke  
应改为:most. FuNc#n>  
解释:the most 一般出现在最高级中, 此句most often为固定说法,意为经常 7W[}7Y   
词汇:cereal: 谷类的 qbjLTE=  
Y5~_y?BX  
the end. '3f"#fF6  
第三章 副词 hsVf/%  
-d+q+l>0  
副词和形容词有着千丝万缕的联系,相当比例的副词都是形容词加后缀-ly构成的,但副词在句中的作用却与形容词有较大区别,需细心领会:副词最主要的功能是作状语,用于修饰动词、形容词、副词、介词短语、甚至整个句子,这些都是形容词不可替代的作用,但切记在TOEFL题中不可修饰名词 qV$\.T>x  
副词可大致分为时间副词(如:now, then, recently), 地点副词(如:here, upstairs, everywhere), 方式副词(如:carefully, rapidly, happily), 程度副词(如:much, quite, extremely), 疑问副词(如:how, when, where), 承接副词(如:besides, however, therefore)等等 -.|V S|y  
副词比较级和最高级的用法基本和形容词相同,形容词比较级的特殊句式同样适用于副词,稍有不同的是副词最高级前的the可用可不用,不用时居多。副词比较级和最高级作为考点的不多,但在题干中多次出现,可留心体会与形容词的区别和联系 _5vAn t*  
n>tYeN)F<  
第一节 副词修饰动词 5-Vdq  
 _2VL%  
修饰动词是副词的最主要作用之一,此处动词的含义包括谓语动词、不定式中的动词,被动式或进行时中的分词形式的动词 %aU4d e^  
例如:You can't possibly arrive there on time. (谓语动词) ( w(GJ/g  
It's inconvenient to contact him directly. (不定式中的动词) /wB<1b"  
Her composition is frequently referred to as original. (被动式) )W!8,e+%  
改错题中常误用形容词修饰动词,要注意识别 [kx_Izi/T  
例题: gaaW:**y  
(1) ZPWY0&9  
In the United States, sleds for recreation were first produced commercial in the LlP_`fA  
             A        B    C ,[}5@cS  
 1870's or thereabouts. R9o3T)9V  
      D CUgXpU*  
答案:C 1;<J] S$$  
应改为:commercially q1sK:)Hu+  
解释:形容词commercial不能修饰谓语动词produce, 需改为副词 6D,xs}j1  
(2) [vkz<sL"  
According to anthropologists, the earliest ancestors of humans that stood upright resembled chimpanzees ----, with sloping foreheads and protruding brows. cg$@x\fJ  
(A) facially "ZDc$v:Qa  
(B) their faces wkK61a h6  
(C) having facial (i^3Lw :  
(D) they had faces [6Y6{.%~  
答案:A $E@L{5Yt  
解释:resemble一词是本句的谓语动词, 已有了宾语chimpanzees, 之后需要的只可能是用来补充说明的非谓语, B、D可先排除; facial是形容词, 不能作have的宾语, 因此C肯定不对; A是副词, 恰好修饰动词作状语 +U9Gj#  
4:-h\%  
第二节 程度副词much等 QLYb>8?"C  
Fx2z lM&  
程度副词much, still, far, a little, a bit 的特殊之处在于:可用来修饰比较级,表示加强或减弱程度。 如: I'm much clearer about the situation now. Hzs]\%"  
She's not a bit more rational than you were. Ym+k  \h  
注意:much不能加形容词原形代替比较级 dg/OjiD[P  
比如想说更有耐心:不能够说much patient, 而应该说more patient; s0"S;{_#  
同时more也不能替代much修饰比较级, =D.M}x qo  
比如要说低得多:不能说more lower , 而应该说much lower; 6Clxe Lk  
例句:She is far better than me at English. ( 在英语方面她比我好的多) ri&B%AAc  
例题: 6%Ap/zvCZ>  
(1) w(pLU$6X  
Watercolors dry more faster than other paints. -M}#-qwf  
   A    B   C    D aObWd5~  
答案:C zRPX mu{t  
应改为:much faster Yz;Hu$ /  
解释:比较级more不能修饰比较级faster, 应改为程度副词much vR<Y1<j  
(2) 8qL*Nf  
Reptiles are widely distributed all over the world, but are much abundant in warm J<Di2b+  
        A                 B Q':xi;?Kt  
  regions and are virtually absent beyond the treeline in the Arctic. mh;<lW\K/Z  
          C     D [_6_A O(Z  
答案:B (y%}].[bB  
应改为:more. r=6-kC!T9  
解释:much作为形容词不能修饰另一个形容词, 而作副词时只能修饰形容词比较级, 如much better, much more expensive, 依句意是要将爬行动物在温带地区和寒带地区的分布加以对比, 因此改为比较级more abundant T{v(B["!$  
(3) 8<ZxE(v  
Aluminum is the most abundant metal in the crust of the Earth, but the nonmetals x'_I{$C &  
         A          B      C :iJ+ImBpK  
oxygen and silicon are more still abundant. T X.YTU  
            D FOiwB^$ >  
考点:程度副词 _]8FCO  
答案:D {_QXx  
应改为:still more hI*gw3 V  
解释:程度副词still修饰比较级more时,应置于其前, t98t&YUpm  
词汇:crust: 地壳 silicon: 硅 aP^,@RrL  
(4) t%H g8oya  
A goose's neck is a tiny longer than that of a duck and not so gracefully curved as a c jfYE]  
        A      B          C      D UN#XP$u tY  
swan's. dC8 $Ql^<  
考点:程度副词 x`K<z J   
答案:A  4b]/2H  
应改为:little gV@FT|j!i  
解释:形容词tiny不能修饰比较级longer, 应改用程度副词a little mn e4uW  
词汇:gracefully: 优雅地, swan: 天鹅
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