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楼主  发表于: 2007-09-22   

语法3(未完 )

第三节 最高级 2%R.~9HtA  
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考点一 最高级的形式 rBQ<5.  
一、英文中表示最的概念时,形容词要变为最高级,其形式主要有两种: &gS-.{w "  
在词尾加-est (单音节形容词), 如:low-lowest, late-latest, lucky-luckiest, fit-fittest; +l)t5Mg\  
或在词之前加most (多音节形容词), 如:most important, most sensitive z)^.ai,:0  
少数词最高级形式特殊,如:good(well)-best, bad(ill)-worst, many(much)-most, little-least, etc. 5ta;CG  
TOEFL经常会出现这样的搭配: most highest, 这是不对的,hightest已经是最高级,前面当然不能在加most. 9RJ#zUK  
例题: `G:  1  
(1) M"s:* c_6  
The most easiest process for mining gold is panning, which involves using a circular ue7D' UZL>  
    A                          B ?b(wZ-/  
dish with a small pocket at the bottom. "y7\F9  
 C          D R8lja%+0$  
答案:A JK!`uG+v  
应改为:easiest. /2=9i84  
解释:easiest本身已是最高级, most纯属画蛇添足, 应去掉 ,Il) tH  
二、没有等级的形容词 @UdF6 :T  
有些形容词本身就具有“比….年长”、“ 比…..优越”等含义,因此也就没有比较级和最高级。比如: inferior, superior, senior, anterior。这些形容词往往和to连用,而不和than连用。 -UidU+ES;  
有些形容词本身就具备“最、极”的含义,所以就没有最高级和比较级。如: G/3T0d+-  
absolute(绝对的), unique(独一无二的), infinite(无限的), round(圆的), right(对的), correct(正确的), wrong(错误的), perfect(完美的),这类形容词往往被称为绝对形容词 xWY\,'+Q  
例题: Dl0{pGK~  
Geoffrey Chaucer occupies a ---- place in English literature. uc"%uc'  
(A) most unique (r?hD*2r  
(B) unique F~rl24F  
(C) least unique ^vSSG5  :  
(D)very unique Z5U\>7@&8  
答案: B R%}<z*~NE@  
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考点二 最高级前的限定词 t%^&b'/Z  
(1) 形容级做定语时, 最高级前通常要加定冠词the ,如: ( 6zu*H)  
the most important thing, the biggest elephant n;=FD;}j+  
但当最高级前有物主代词时,不需加the, 如: R87@.  
my latest hobby, her most interesting experience fH9"sBiO  
(2) 形容词作表语时,最高级前通常不加限定词 St!0MdCH  
如:She looks happiest whenever you are around. T ?A3f]U  
    Excuse me, but I'm busiest at the moment. vY.VFEP/  
例题: #>G:6'r  
(1) F_w+8)DZ  
  Of all the Native Americans in the United States, the Navajos form largest group. i-wW bZ-  
  A  B         C              D NB^Al/V@  
答案: D RTg\c[=w  
应改为: form the largest hCgk78O?  
解释: largest是最高级, 作group的定语, 之前必须加定冠词the H ~fF; I  
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考点三 范围词 {/5aF_0D.  
伴随最高级出现的往往有表示范围的词或短语,常用of 或among或 in 引导, 表示“在….之中”。 如:of all, in the world, in the country等, 在填空题的题干中包含表示范围的词时,空格处需填最高级 oy[ px9Wx  
例题: &ZFHWI(P  
(1) Vz-q7*o $S  
The Appalachian Trail, extending approximately 2, 020 miles from Maine to r.Z g<T  
            A            B        ]^wr+9zd  
Georgia, is the longer continuous marked footpath in the world. x2HISxg  
         C    D GCr]x '  
答案:C X6t9*|C  
应改为:longest. :p)^+AF"5  
解释:本句有范围词in the world, 则定冠词the 之后应采用形容词最高级形式 R@Gll60  
考点四 most的其他用法 PX23M|$!  
对于most来讲,除了构成某些词最高级外,most的用法有几点需要注意,经常成为改错题的考点: hc0$mit  
1.       当most表示大多数时,之前不加the, 并且有两种形式来表示大多数,分别为: C}jrx^u>  
most + 名词,如:most people, most Indian tribes; wm ?% &V/#  
most + of + 限定词 + 名词或代词,如:most of his paintings,most of us, most of the modern artists d9jD?HgM(  
2. most有时意思等同于very, 此时most之前用不定冠词,如: H FyQ$pbBU  
a most lovely girl, a most impressive proposal t"J{qfNs  
例题: L0=`1q  
(1) \4<|QE  
  The most substances expand in volume when they are heated. >X iT[Ru  
   A        B   C     D -U9C{q?h  
答案:A o >yXEg  
应改为:Most Mty[)+se  
解释:most只有在表示形容词最高级作定语时需加定冠词,此句表示“大多数”,没必要加the. 8*B+@`  
(2) P&: [pPG  
The most often flour is made from wheat, but it may also be made from the seeds DNqC*IvuzM  
   A       B              C 'q}f3u>  
 of other cereal plants. Pn@DHYP  
  D Y8lZ]IB  
答案:A B` +, 8  
应改为:most. ~mK +Q%G5  
解释:the most 一般出现在最高级中, 此句most often为固定说法,意为经常 8)"lCIf  
词汇:cereal: 谷类的 4qsxlN>4O  
q j9q   
the end. Ar?ZUASJ  
第三章 副词 Wy-y-wi:p  
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副词和形容词有着千丝万缕的联系,相当比例的副词都是形容词加后缀-ly构成的,但副词在句中的作用却与形容词有较大区别,需细心领会:副词最主要的功能是作状语,用于修饰动词、形容词、副词、介词短语、甚至整个句子,这些都是形容词不可替代的作用,但切记在TOEFL题中不可修饰名词 sD{Wc%5  
副词可大致分为时间副词(如:now, then, recently), 地点副词(如:here, upstairs, everywhere), 方式副词(如:carefully, rapidly, happily), 程度副词(如:much, quite, extremely), 疑问副词(如:how, when, where), 承接副词(如:besides, however, therefore)等等 vMJ(Ll7/  
副词比较级和最高级的用法基本和形容词相同,形容词比较级的特殊句式同样适用于副词,稍有不同的是副词最高级前的the可用可不用,不用时居多。副词比较级和最高级作为考点的不多,但在题干中多次出现,可留心体会与形容词的区别和联系 BxQ,T@  
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第一节 副词修饰动词 C"s-ttP   
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修饰动词是副词的最主要作用之一,此处动词的含义包括谓语动词、不定式中的动词,被动式或进行时中的分词形式的动词 9!Xp+<  
例如:You can't possibly arrive there on time. (谓语动词) Q%J,: J  
It's inconvenient to contact him directly. (不定式中的动词) FDGG$z?>m  
Her composition is frequently referred to as original. (被动式) aXZi2  
改错题中常误用形容词修饰动词,要注意识别 mDD96y  
例题: EQ :>]O  
(1) \l 8_aj  
In the United States, sleds for recreation were first produced commercial in the #,XZ@u+  
             A        B    C J}#2W y^{  
 1870's or thereabouts. z zW$ F)X  
      D '}bmDb*  
答案:C Zt=P 0  
应改为:commercially qZ @d:u  
解释:形容词commercial不能修饰谓语动词produce, 需改为副词 ssoE,6kS  
(2) elpTak@  
According to anthropologists, the earliest ancestors of humans that stood upright resembled chimpanzees ----, with sloping foreheads and protruding brows. ({!H ()  
(A) facially gOah5*Lj  
(B) their faces )N1iGJO)  
(C) having facial c813NHW  
(D) they had faces (pd~ 2!;C  
答案:A |k%1mE(+=s  
解释:resemble一词是本句的谓语动词, 已有了宾语chimpanzees, 之后需要的只可能是用来补充说明的非谓语, B、D可先排除; facial是形容词, 不能作have的宾语, 因此C肯定不对; A是副词, 恰好修饰动词作状语 7-~)/7L  
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第二节 程度副词much等 ?.lo[X<,*  
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程度副词much, still, far, a little, a bit 的特殊之处在于:可用来修饰比较级,表示加强或减弱程度。 如: I'm much clearer about the situation now. M7 k WJ  
She's not a bit more rational than you were. *rHz/& ,  
注意:much不能加形容词原形代替比较级 -p>1:M <  
比如想说更有耐心:不能够说much patient, 而应该说more patient; 7l~^KsX  
同时more也不能替代much修饰比较级, .9,x_\|G*  
比如要说低得多:不能说more lower , 而应该说much lower; T:H~Y+qnt  
例句:She is far better than me at English. ( 在英语方面她比我好的多) 4 m"0R\  
例题: M*Ej*#  
(1) / #rH18  
Watercolors dry more faster than other paints. 'gg <)Bd  
   A    B   C    D ;BT7pyu%[  
答案:C N mxh zjJ  
应改为:much faster /`DKX }  
解释:比较级more不能修饰比较级faster, 应改为程度副词much ?_A[E]/H  
(2) ]7yx Xg  
Reptiles are widely distributed all over the world, but are much abundant in warm }HmkTk  
        A                 B yg* #~,  
  regions and are virtually absent beyond the treeline in the Arctic. Gau@RX:O  
          C     D |O oczYf  
答案:B B7|%N=S%/  
应改为:more. bR~(Ry`  
解释:much作为形容词不能修饰另一个形容词, 而作副词时只能修饰形容词比较级, 如much better, much more expensive, 依句意是要将爬行动物在温带地区和寒带地区的分布加以对比, 因此改为比较级more abundant 5y\35kT'  
(3) KF1iYo>p  
Aluminum is the most abundant metal in the crust of the Earth, but the nonmetals d^!k{Qx'  
         A          B      C W;UPA~nT~  
oxygen and silicon are more still abundant. Fw{@RQf8  
            D n8_X<jIp3  
考点:程度副词 ytjZ7J['{  
答案:D Ka-o$o[^u`  
应改为:still more ]Sa#g&}T>  
解释:程度副词still修饰比较级more时,应置于其前, Qj_)^3`e  
词汇:crust: 地壳 silicon: 硅 FA)ot)]  
(4) ,IqE<i!U  
A goose's neck is a tiny longer than that of a duck and not so gracefully curved as a &oB*gGRw=7  
        A      B          C      D 26nwUNak  
swan's. vN],9 q  
考点:程度副词 -Pt E+R[A  
答案:A ) xa )$u  
应改为:little FZ+2{wIV^  
解释:形容词tiny不能修饰比较级longer, 应改用程度副词a little xZ;eV76  
词汇:gracefully: 优雅地, swan: 天鹅
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