改错题常考要点 -SF
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一、代词 $?y\3GX
代词中主要讲解六个问题 0}-MWbG
(一) 掌握代词的几种格 B6U4>ZN
主格、宾格、所有格 IYe ,VL
名词前面用代词来修饰,只能用所有格(my books) u(~( +1W
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(二) 反身代词 sPRs;to-
当主语和宾语表示同一事物时,宾语使用反身代词。 3-_`x9u*
He killed himself. (他自杀了) v(l:N@L
He killed him. (他杀了他) Bs\&'=l
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例:Researchers at the University of Colorado are investigating 35Fs/Gf-n
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a series of indicators that could help {
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themselves to predict earthquakes. ,R=)^Gh{
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分析:D错,应改为them。如果用反身代词themselves,指代对象是从句主语that(即名词indicators),这显然是错误的。从句意来看,help的宾语应该是主句主语researchers,故应用代词宾格而不是反身代词。注意C并没有错,情态动词could 比can语气弱,表示较小的可能性。 nQd~i0`vB
Indicator为征兆,这些征兆帮助他们来预言地震。主语是征兆,后面指研究者,不是同一个事物 vpoJ{TPO
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(三) 代词的单复数,代词的性别 t^7}j4lk
在考试中如果代词打横线,代词错误的概率是非常高的,因此代词打横线,应该先看代词有没有错。 vO8C
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例:The continental divide refers to an imaginary line in the North American Rockies xn}HB
that divides the waters flowing into the Atlantic Ocean from it flowing into the -o YJ&r
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Pacific. 6 IKi*}
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分析:D错,应改为those。D指代复数名词waters, it是单数,显然是错误的,根据习惯故改为those。注意waters一词并没有错,它指江湖河海中的大片水域,可用复数形式。 3j w4#GW
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Water作为水是不可数名词,waters表示水域,通常使用复数形式,作主语谓语动词用复数。 7QHrb'c
Work作为工作是不可数名词,work作为作品,可数不可数都可以,例如: %R?#Y1Tq;
Many of his works= much of his work, work都表示作品 D>K=D"
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例:In 1920 the presidential candidate Warren Harding coined "\"sM{x
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the word“normalcy”to express social and ,zh4oX`>
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economic conditions they promised the nation. n4
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分析:D错,应改为he。动作promised是由Warren Harding发出来的,故用第三人称单数he来指代。 I->4Q&3
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例:Many critics believe that Amy Lwell' s most important
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work is not poetry, but his biography, John "i;"
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Keats, published the year of her death. "[\),7&03
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分析:C错,应改为her。his指男性,显然是错误的,应改为her与后面的her同指Amy Lowell. p=]z`t
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(四) Who和which的区别 Y%@a~|
which指代事物或者动物,who指代人 nx@h
who/whom son往往要改为whose son, whose可以指代事物 o/mGd~
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例:The human body contains more than six hundred muscles who K1
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account for approximately forty percent of the body weight. 8d8GYTl b)
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分析:B错,应改为which或that。先行词不是指人,而是指物,关系代词不能用who,故改为which或that。 zOA2chy4
人体前面加定冠词the, account for 占有多大的比例,解释说明 Qs;MEt 1
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(五) that和which的区别 n$y@a?al
介词后面使用which, 而不用that, in that除外 +l(lpp>,
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例:When television was first introduced, the extent to that it >
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would affect society could not have been foreseen. x`VA
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分析:B错,应改为which。The extent to which, 介词加which(引导定语从句),影响社会的程度没有被预见 IhPX/P
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(六) 定语从句的特殊省略 DE" Y(;S
Reason后面有定语从句,中间往往省略why, j=n
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Time后面有定语从句,中间往往省略when o6A1;e
I do remember the time I heard the sweetest voice in the wild world. QV9z81[
way后面有定语从句,中间省略了in which eD?f|bif
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例:Research on pain has been neglected, although the mainly )T!3du:M
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reason people take medicine is to relieve pain. 5;q{9wvqO
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分析:B错,应改为main。mainly为副词,不能个饰后面的名词,故改为形容词main。句子中people take medicine修饰reason,定语从句引导词被省略 l{4rKqtX
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例:Commercial expansion from city to suburb has xDEjeM G
affected the way people in the United States----. ;T*o
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(A) living and working W+u-M>Cj6
(B) they live and work +S
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(C) live and work `e^sQ>rDI
(D) to live and to work j-TRa,4bN
分析:选择C, the way people....影响了人们生活和工作的方式。 #9CLIYJAd
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二、介词 y87oW_"h
介词是考试中出现的比较多的一个部分,而其中考的最多的就是介词的固定搭配问题。由于篇幅问题,我们在这里仅仅举出几个例题,在说明书手册中我们完整的列出了所有的介词搭配,这些列出的搭配在以前的语法题中出现过,只不过有的时候是正确的选项,有的时候重复考。 = ow=3Ku
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(一) 介词搭配 2VaKt4+`
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例:The teeth in the upper jaw function together those +a0` ,Jc
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in the lower jaw to cut, tear, and grind food. OU'm0Jlk
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分析:和…一起,应该为together with,C错 S<eB&qT$
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例:The Allegheny Mountain range is rich of coal. ]-cSTtO
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分析:B错改为be rich in 'wni.E&
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例:The rotation of the Earth on its axis is responsible to the v
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alternation of periods of light and darkness. il% u)NN
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分析:C错,应改为responsible for。形容词responsible后接名词作宾语时要加介词for。 B}0!b7!
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(二) 最重要的两个介词 ym_p49
1、介词of 多余或者遗漏 u(i=-PN_<
例:Mosquitoes usually lay eggs, singly or in batches, on top stagnant water. ZlP+t>
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分析:D错,应改为top of stagnant。on top of …是因定表达法,意为“在…上面”。 45rG\$%#
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例:Christopher Plummer is a Canadian actor who has &%m%b5
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starred in stage, television, and film productions on J";4+wA7
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both sides the Atlantic Ocean. ["[v
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分析:D错,应改为sides of the。 sides为名词,the Atlantic Ocean也是名词,中间明显少了一个介词。 9{
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2、介词by )D ~ 5
一种情况表示被动,be+过去分词+by *wx95?H0Z
另一种表示通过……的方式, by doing f-p$4%(
例:The ceremony of marriage in the United States
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