改错题常考要点 @U5+1Hjc
一、代词 CXCU5-
代词中主要讲解六个问题 \e'>$8%T
(一) 掌握代词的几种格 @YpA'cX7
主格、宾格、所有格 'OBAnE<.
名词前面用代词来修饰,只能用所有格(my books) z%+?\.oH
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(二) 反身代词 _k5KJKvr
当主语和宾语表示同一事物时,宾语使用反身代词。 ZW+{<XTof4
He killed himself. (他自杀了) w4(DR?[nC
He killed him. (他杀了他) (zJ
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例:Researchers at the University of Colorado are investigating Uy_`=JZ
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a series of indicators that could help <0R?#^XBZB
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themselves to predict earthquakes. <ezvz..g
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分析:D错,应改为them。如果用反身代词themselves,指代对象是从句主语that(即名词indicators),这显然是错误的。从句意来看,help的宾语应该是主句主语researchers,故应用代词宾格而不是反身代词。注意C并没有错,情态动词could 比can语气弱,表示较小的可能性。 jew?cnRmd
Indicator为征兆,这些征兆帮助他们来预言地震。主语是征兆,后面指研究者,不是同一个事物 V)N9V|O'
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(三) 代词的单复数,代词的性别 *QjFrw
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在考试中如果代词打横线,代词错误的概率是非常高的,因此代词打横线,应该先看代词有没有错。 U]e;=T:3
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例:The continental divide refers to an imaginary line in the North American Rockies 3ufUB^@4v
that divides the waters flowing into the Atlantic Ocean from it flowing into the /:U\U_j
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Pacific. `n5)o
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分析:D错,应改为those。D指代复数名词waters, it是单数,显然是错误的,根据习惯故改为those。注意waters一词并没有错,它指江湖河海中的大片水域,可用复数形式。 \i`/k(
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Water作为水是不可数名词,waters表示水域,通常使用复数形式,作主语谓语动词用复数。 :j?Lil%R
Work作为工作是不可数名词,work作为作品,可数不可数都可以,例如: 5^f>L2
Many of his works= much of his work, work都表示作品 Nv #vfh9}P
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例:In 1920 the presidential candidate Warren Harding coined -] J V
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the word“normalcy”to express social and 3&3S*1b-H
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economic conditions they promised the nation. ]_F%{ 8|
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分析:D错,应改为he。动作promised是由Warren Harding发出来的,故用第三人称单数he来指代。 Ds0^/bYp&
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例:Many critics believe that Amy Lwell' s most important g-Z>1V
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work is not poetry, but his biography, John ^
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Keats, published the year of her death. `){*JPl
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分析:C错,应改为her。his指男性,显然是错误的,应改为her与后面的her同指Amy Lowell. In^$+l%O[
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(四) Who和which的区别 [T~O%ly7x&
which指代事物或者动物,who指代人 [^~Fu9+"
who/whom son往往要改为whose son, whose可以指代事物 *4]I#N
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例:The human body contains more than six hundred muscles who (ioi !p
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account for approximately forty percent of the body weight. S-'iOJ1]
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分析:B错,应改为which或that。先行词不是指人,而是指物,关系代词不能用who,故改为which或that。 @x"vGYKd
人体前面加定冠词the, account for 占有多大的比例,解释说明 a|TP 2m
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(五) that和which的区别 }T4"#'`
介词后面使用which, 而不用that, in that除外 MP;7u%
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例:When television was first introduced, the extent to that it (lS&P"Xi
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would affect society could not have been foreseen. mi%d([)%<
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分析:B错,应改为which。The extent to which, 介词加which(引导定语从句),影响社会的程度没有被预见 7cY_=X-?Y
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(六) 定语从句的特殊省略 ) dwPD
Reason后面有定语从句,中间往往省略why, Lt|k}p@]
Time后面有定语从句,中间往往省略when c i_XcG
I do remember the time I heard the sweetest voice in the wild world. V5qvH"^
way后面有定语从句,中间省略了in which H_vOZ0
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例:Research on pain has been neglected, although the mainly $2 ~A^#"0
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reason people take medicine is to relieve pain. kO~xE-(=
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分析:B错,应改为main。mainly为副词,不能个饰后面的名词,故改为形容词main。句子中people take medicine修饰reason,定语从句引导词被省略 EX=+TOkAf
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例:Commercial expansion from city to suburb has b4S7Q"g
affected the way people in the United States----. J$j&j`
(A) living and working c^Rz?2x
(B) they live and work $9M>B<]
(C) live and work 4US8B=jk
(D) to live and to work 8!4=j
分析:选择C, the way people....影响了人们生活和工作的方式。 DUM,dFIlvF
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二、介词 IP-CN
介词是考试中出现的比较多的一个部分,而其中考的最多的就是介词的固定搭配问题。由于篇幅问题,我们在这里仅仅举出几个例题,在说明书手册中我们完整的列出了所有的介词搭配,这些列出的搭配在以前的语法题中出现过,只不过有的时候是正确的选项,有的时候重复考。 y? )v-YGu
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(一) 介词搭配 KaBze67<|
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例:The teeth in the upper jaw function together those M5: f^
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in the lower jaw to cut, tear, and grind food. Ej F< lw
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分析:和…一起,应该为together with,C错 :_p3nb[r
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例:The Allegheny Mountain range is rich of coal. j<R,}nmD3\
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分析:B错改为be rich in |\XjA4j
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例:The rotation of the Earth on its axis is responsible to the G>YJ3p7
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alternation of periods of light and darkness. 7$8z}2
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分析:C错,应改为responsible for。形容词responsible后接名词作宾语时要加介词for。 VahR nD
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(二) 最重要的两个介词 4CW
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1、介词of 多余或者遗漏 gK-: t
例:Mosquitoes usually lay eggs, singly or in batches, on top stagnant water. })M$#%(
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分析:D错,应改为top of stagnant。on top of …是因定表达法,意为“在…上面”。 l(v$+
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例:Christopher Plummer is a Canadian actor who has wf=#w}f
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starred in stage, television, and film productions on vk5pnCM^3
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both sides the Atlantic Ocean. i\3BA"ZX
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分析:D错,应改为sides of the。 sides为名词,the Atlantic Ocean也是名词,中间明显少了一个介词。 ~BERs;4
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2、介词by p$?c>lim
一种情况表示被动,be+过去分词+by `eND3c
另一种表示通过……的方式, by doing i>ORCOOU
例:The ceremony of marriage in the United States >, 234ab=d
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can be performed from a justice of the peace. Wq<>a;
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分析:D错,应改为performed by。谓语动词是被动式,performed的动作执行者应该由介词by来引导。 #xW%RF
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例:Along the east coast ,American Indian women's councils 2O<Sig=
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could veto a declaration of war at refusing to }2`S@Rq.WW
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supply moccasins and field rations. ua|qL! L+
分析:D错,应改为by refusing。通过拒绝提供鞋子和粮食,表示通过某种方式做某事要用介词by,故将at refusing 改为by refusing。 *uA?}XEfi
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例:Algebra is the branch of mathematics concerned with qgI
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operations on sets of numbers or other elements D1o 8Wo
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that are often represented at symbols. ,J}lyvkd
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分析:D错,应改为by。动作的发出者应该用介词by来引导。 }[LK/@h
三、谓语动词 8^dGI9N
(一) 谓语动词的主谓一致 $ZcmE<7k
①、主谓分割原则 )&_{m
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例1:To the citizens of the United States, the bald eagle, Tw!x*
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America's national bird, symbolize strength and freedom. Z
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分析:C错,应改为symbolizes。主语谓语用逗号分割开,主语the bald eagle为单数,谓语动词也应该用单数形式。 zh/+1
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②、与后者一致原则 _^P>@
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not…but, 强调but后面的名词, >$R-:>~zN
not only…but also (/@o7&>*50
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③、与前者一致原则 jU4Ir{f
名词+with/together with/as well as/including+复数名词,谓语用is, OVj,qL)
中心词在前面,谓语动词应该与前面的名词保持一致 @F3 d9t-
例:The athlete, together with his coach and >`oO(d}n[0
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several relatives, are traveling to the Olympic Games. "UAW
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分析:D错,与谓语动词与the athlete 保持一致,改为is Wq,UxMz
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④、就近原则 ^8MgNVoJ)
or, either…or, neither…nor, rcyH2)Y/e
单数名词+or+复数名词+are D~mGv1t"
如果把句子变为一般疑问句,也就是把be动词提到前面,那么变为is <?Lj!JGX
所以注意一点: 如果是陈述句,靠后面近,用复数 ]\_4r)cN<n
如果是疑问句,靠前面近,用单数 7
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例:The structure or behavior of many protozoans are A$5!]+
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amazingly complex for single-celled animals. RKBtw
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分析:A错,应改为and。从谓语动词是复数形式判断,主语应该为复数,or连接两个名词时动词和后面的名词保持一致,behavior是用单数形式,因此只有改为并列连词and才能使主谓在数上保持一致。 QTLOP~^
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⑤定语从句主语就近原则 i^gzl_!
There are five apples that are red. ^(6.M\Q
apples是复数,因此从句谓语动词是复数。 =)T5Y,+rJ
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例:A rocket burns propellant rapidly and most rockets "urQUpF
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carry a supply that last just a few seconds. |~Z+Xla
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分析:D错,应改为lasts。从句的逻辑主语a supply为单数,其谓语动词应为单数形式。 K}wUM^
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⑥the +形容词主谓一致 Uq[NOJC
The rich are not always happier than the poor. nNL9B~d
The rich 表示一类人,应该用复数 g.,IQ4o
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⑦、倒装句的主谓一致 \
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改错题倒装句的主谓一致一般考两种情况: 0_%u(?
a. there be 句型 FfP Ce5)
there be+名词+名词,那么最近的名词决定其形式 gE:qMs;
b. between/ among 放在句首+be+名词,名词其实是主语,所以be和名词保持一致 O@EpRg
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例:There are no known society in which left-handed people predominate. :.Np7[~{
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分析:there be 句型由最近的名词决定其形式,society当然用单数,A错,there are 改为there is OHH wcJ 7N
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例:Between the foothills of the Andes and the Pacific zf6k%
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Ocean are a dry coastal strip averaging about 30 +e4o~p
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miles in width. ` 8.d
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分析:倒装句,are改为is K~C*4H:9
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例:Among the favorite attractions at the National Air and HP&+ 8
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Space Museum in Washington D.C. are the film @e+QGd;}
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presented on the five-story-tall screen. ~x`OCii
分析:D错,应改为films , 主语实际上是名词,应该与谓语动词保持一致。 Svy bP&i|
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⑧、百分比结构的主谓一致 0I& !a$:
fifty percent of + 名词 Bo_Ivhe[m
one percent of + 名词 vt@.fT#e
谓语动词的形式和百分比多少没有关系,主要取决于后面的名词,比如: }M * Oo
one percent of my students + are WFULQQ*
fifty percent of my time is spent on working. ?nCG:\&;'=
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这里要强调两个结构 Z$~Wr3/
half of =fifty percent zT*EpIa+LS
most of + 可数名词 + are DHd9yP9-
most of + 不可数名词+ is -y)ij``VY
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例:Nearly half of the ancient meteor craters has been ehV`@ss
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found in central and eastern Canada. Cpz'6F^oP
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分析:C错,应改为have been。介词of的宾语为复数名词短语,作主语的中心词half当然表复数,相应的谓语动词应为复数形式。 B#N(PvtE
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例:Approximately fifty percent of the package utilized Np$pz
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in the United States are for foods and beverages. "k o?AUt
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分析:A错,应改为packages。从谓语动词用复数形式判断出主语是复数名词。注意food用复数表示不同种类的食品,beverage用复数表示不同种类的饮料,故(C)、(D)均没有错。 tXV9+AJ
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(二) 谓语动词的时态 & gnE"
①、主要考察时间状语 N.vt5WP
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例 The metal aluminum has been first isolated early in the nineteenth century. :
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分析:Metal, aluminum同位语,in the nineteenth century为明显表示过去时间的状语, 因此应该用过去时态,把has been改为was 71_{FL8
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②、For和since的区别 MF)Xc\}0p
区别一:For 后面使用时间段,since 后面使用时间点 GVP"~I~/:
区别二:Since 只能用在现在完成时态,For 最主要用在现在完成时和一般过去时 7p}J]!Z
I has been a teacher for three years. RY3ANEu+
I has been a teacher since 1996. ,5$V;|
I was a teacher for three years. 这种表达可以,for three years表示一段时间,was 表示过去做了三年,现在不是老师了 >qk[/\^O
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例: Since 1921 the budget of the United States became %xF
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the primary responsibility of the president. (C>FM8$J
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分析:A错,应改 In. since一般要求主句用完成时态,而句中谓语动词为过去式,其时间状语应与之呼应,故改Since为In。 ?a?i8rnWo
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例:Adella Prentiss Hrghes served as manager of Z]kk.@P
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the Cleveland Orchestra since fifteen years. ,WSK
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分析:D错,应改为for。since引导时间状语时,主句谓语动词为一般完成时;主句谓语动词为一般过去时要用介词for;而且一段时间用for, 而不是since。 ~'>RK
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52. In general, prawns lived in shallow coastal waters or in streams. _yk}
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自然现象和客观事实用一般现在时态,live 3jR,lEJyj
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(三) 谓语的语态 jm9J-%?
语态主要表示是主动语态还是被动语态。 3 d
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有四组动词是改错题中常考的: :&:IZkO
①、prove y
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My advice proved to be wrong. 我的建议被证明是错的 hDaI@_86
尽管是被证明,但习惯上用主动; ;ELQIHnD"
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例:A majority of the reports received from people claiming tk3%0XZH
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to have seen the legendary Loch Ness Monster have proven to be wXw pKm
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mistakes, misconceptions, or they were being tricked. HRS|VC$tz
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分析:D错,应改为tricks。并列连词 or在此连接名词,如果把D理解为并列句,不仅时态不对,语义也有问题,故将整个句子改为名词。have proven to be是正确的。 <qZ"W6&&
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②、Locate,Situate Yc;cf%c1
这两个词可以用作主动,表示把…放置在…地方;确定…的位置 1o)Vzv
Bats locate obstacles.蝙蝠确定障碍物的位置 )US|&>
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这两个词也可以用作被动 KI (9TI*
My school was located near the river. +o&E)S}wP
区分locate的主动和被动比较难,但是有一个技巧存在:locate如果用作主动,后面必须跟宾语 + wd} '4)
例:The center of gravity of the human body ---- behind the hip joint. ]P/eg$u'I
(A)locates *UVjN_na5
(B)locating ( 8+ _~_
(C)to locate ^9T6Ix{=
(D)is located '>FJk`iI
分析:空格处显然缺谓语动词,故首先排除不能作谓语的B和C。动词locate后面没有宾语,所以用作被动,表示“位于”,所以D为正确选项。 X;_0"g
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③、表示需要概念的动词 K]dqK'
need, want, require等 (?-5p;
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My watch needed repairing J{72%S
My watch needed to be repaired. [o&Vr\.$
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④、表示人的情感的动词 j9C=m"O
move, annoy, surprise, please等 Avw"[~Xd
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He is so moving. 他令人感到感动。 [;dWFG"f
He is greatly moved. 他感到非常感动。 @%J?[PG
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主动和被动技巧总结: q|2{W.P5qi
如果句子中有一个“过去分词+by”, 如果断定它是谓语的话,前面必然有be动词 L]0+u\(
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例:The Tennessee Valley Authority has chartered by the G1B~?i2$ ?
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United States Congress in 1933 to construct dams, lj%8(X u
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power structures, and flood-control works along hXS'*vO"
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the Tennessee River and its tributary streams. [K13Jy+
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分析:A错,应改为has been chartered。由信号词by可知前面的谓语动词为被动语态形式。 6f6_ztTL
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四、非谓语动词 `]]gD EPG{
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(一) 分词 |NtT-T)7
现在分词和过去分词的区别 [k-7Kq
①、用于句首作状语,现在分词表示主动,过去分词表示被动 -j3 -
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例:Won its war for independence in 1783, the United States then SfJ/(q
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struggled to establish its own economic and financial system. sLbz@5 4
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分析:分词作状语,主要看是主动还是被动,美国赢得应该是主动,所以A错,改won为winning 6z%3l7#7Yi
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②、用于名词后面作后置定语,现在分词表示主动,过去分词表示被动 ?RWd"JTGue
例:In the nineteenth century the Mohave Indians lived in `
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the Northern Hemisphere grew their crops on river bottom lands. \<lV),
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分析:B错,生活在什么地方的人,人生活是主动,因此改为living }WI24|`zM
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一些动词后面必须用doing :Yz.Bfli
对于加doing的词来说,考试中一般出现一个,下面这些词都是要加doing的,请考生牢记。 =Bo0Oei
mind, finish, enjoy, celebrate, DA@
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advocate, suggest #s
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forgive(原谅),tolerate, 6w1:3~a
avoid, escape(逃避) [c86b
spend+名词+doing; 3'/wRK l
have trouble/difficult/a problem/ +doing |?8CV\D!
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例:Long before the dawn of recorded history, humans celebrated to harvest their !uO|T'u0a
A B C D ;'o>6I7Ph
crops. Be]o2N;J
分析:D错,应改为harvesting。及物动词celebrate直接带名词、名词短语或动名词短语作宾语,故将to harvest改为harvesting。 K4RjGSaF
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例:Some experts have advocated to bring that country into the talks, UVI=&y]c,p
A B IBF>4qm"
to revive the intermittent dialogue that began after the 1967 Middle East War. IB;y8e,
C D 7L<oWAq
分析:A错,advocate 后面直接跟doing, 改为advocate bringing KPO((G0&
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(二) 不定式 M]_vb,=1
A. 动词不定式的省略 'Gt
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①、help后面可以省略to 1^W Aps
help to do JGdBpj:
help sb. to do x)Th
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例:A good exercise program helps teach people to avoid ?t%5 /
A B v0xi(Wu
the habits that might shorten the lives. d8r+UP@#
C D iH$N HfH
分析:D错,应改为their. 定冠词在句中不如代词所有格明确,如果lives后面有定语就可以用the。注意(A)并没有错,help后面可以接不带to的不定式。 mcR!P~"i
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②、使役动词后面要省略to, 这样的动词只有三个 ~G$OY9UC
make, 07MLK8jS
let, F3f>pK5
have sb. do sth 'qD9kJ`
注意get不是使役动词,get sb. to do sth. %
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例:A conductor used signals and gestures to let the musicians V , "'k<y
A B oy'+n-
to know when to play various parts of a composition. KWY G\#S0]
C D VcL
分析:let是使役动词,后面不需要to, C改为know d^Wh-U
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③、感官动词 #}Cwn$
hear, feel, watch, see, notice, observe f_\-y&)+*
see sb do sth. 强调过程 )
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see sb doing sth 正在做某事 7wnzef?)
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B. 动词不定式的固定用法 @W,Y_8:
(1)表示第一人 K|/a]I":
the first woman to do sth. izw}25SW
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(2)表示迫使的动词 :6 fQE#(s&
一般考三个, allow/ enable/ call, +sb. + to do ?uN(" I
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例:Besides providing clues to the nature of atoms, mineral analysis kA_3o)J
A B #.)>geLC>9
allows to speculate geologists about the ancient Earth. NZ
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C D v\eBL&WK
分析:allow...to do是固定短语,allow的宾语应在不定式之前,即把C改为: allow geologists to speculate。 H^g<`XEgw
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(3)表示倾向…的形容词 k
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be more likely to do 更有可能作某事
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be inclined to do倾向于做某事 a:}"\>Aj
be lieable to do 易于…的 aAM UJk
be apt to do aC:l;
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(4)表示目的的名词, }D+8K
一共有7个这样的词,这一条也是最重要的。 Y ,yaB)&Ih
固定的句式: +df?N
the purpose , the purpose of sth is to do sth. >G2
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the objective 目标 D8Rmxq!
aim DZRxp
,
goal !@{[I:5
reason理由 sV[Z|$&Z
function功能 yXx62J
intension意图 , ~xU>L^
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例:The function of Louis Sullivan's architecture was providing !^fR8Tp9
A 3gy;$}Lq T
large uninterrupted floor areas and to allow ample light into the interior. \STvBI?
B C D X&.$/xaT
分析:the function to provide, A错 {K4t8T]
lhl0
例:The chief goal of biochemistry is for understanding the structure /kU@S
A dY@Tt&k8E
and behavior of the carbon-containing compounds $L8s/1up
B sFCs_u1tNN
that make up various components of a living cell. V)QR!4De
C D w9<FX>@
分析:the chief goal is to understand, A错 n UCk0:{
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(5) 其他同根名词 jQeE07g
ability to do 受到be able to 的影响 [pgkY!R?)
attempt to do 企图 {_ho!OS>
decision to do 决定, 受decide的影响
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ambition, MQH8Q$5D
be ambitious to do OGi4m |
effort sFM>gG
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例:For ancient people, myths were often attempts explanation 2a(yR>#
A B Y1_6\zpA
catastrophic events such as volcanic eruptions. $4*E\G8
C D x*"pDI0k)
分析:B错,应改为to explain。 attempts后应跟动词不定式短语表目的,故将名词explanation改为to explain。 P}WhE
-kri3?Y,
例:In the early 1960's the Civil Rights movement made great i~Ob( YIH
A B lyH X#]
efforts for registering members of minorities to vote. JvWs/AG1
C D 9EA
!j}
分析:efforts to register, C错 Z=Y_;dS9
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C. 动词不定式的其他用法 (VXx G/E3
(1) be to do 表示已安排好或者注定要发生的动作,属于将来时态的范畴 p<0kmA<B/
She and Anne are to meet at two o'clock. pT;
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(2)不定式的完成式为“to have done”,表示不定式的动作在谓语动作之前发生,这个完成式通常表示一般过去时 3|
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I am glad to see you. zTBi{KrZ
I am glad to have seen your mother yesterday. CWe>jlUQ
yesterday是一般过去时,修饰have seen. yc%E$g
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(3) 形容词后面使用动词不定式,主动表示被动 <E7Vbb9*
It is difficult to decide. Z/6'kE{l
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五、句子的结构 0q>NE<L
句子的结构主要考查四个出题方向。 5nxS+`Pn.)
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(一) 主语的重复 jY#(A23
名词+代词+谓语,这个代词永远是重复的主语,永远是错的 ;*g*DIR
例:Woodrow Wilson he was an idealist who refused to make any rPo\Dz
A B S`2mtg
compromises concerning the establishment of the 2NArE@
C D gGI#QPT`X
League of Nations. Z*)y.i `
分析:代词he不是同位语,主语重复;如果是下面这样的主语,那么便是主语同位语 sx-Hw4.a"
A prolific writer, Woodrow Wilson ><#2O
SN[L4}{
{sna)v$;
例:Two unique features of the Arctic they are 9#EHXgz
A B DQ n`@
lack of precipitation and permanently frozen ground. 7$1fy0f[l
C D I4o=6ts
分析:选项B中的they和前面的主语two unique features重复 =;k+g?.@I
Q2[prrk%j
(二)谓语的重复 22al
完整的句子后面又多了一个谓语,往往改为定语从句 ax72e hL}
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例:A paragraph is a portion of a text consists of n ,&/D
A B ElEv(>
G*
one or more sentences related to the same idea. _X,[]+ziu%
C D mX<Fuu}E*Z
分析:B错,应改为consisting of或which consists of。句中有两个无法连接的谓语动词,而且前一个谓语动词下面没有划线,故改consists为非谓语动词形式或在它前面加which使之成为从句谓语动词。 l\T!)Ql
"W &:j:o
(三)谓语的缺少 qLQ <1>u
例:Most mammals to maintain a relatively constant body Z{,GZT
A B MG7 ?N #
temperature, regardless of what the air temperature might be. S'
(cqO}=F
C D E-yT
分析:A错,应改为maintain。句中缺谓语动词,故去掉不定式符号to 使maintain变成谓语动词。 QQg8+{>
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(四)主句的重复 JQKC;p
主句的重复总是考even, instead, during, despite等引导的句子, 但是实际上它们无法把两个句子连接起来,因为它们都是副词或者介词,连接两个句子应该用连接词连接 mQd4#LJ_
]^J+-c
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例:Salmon spend most of their adult lives in salt water, despite >lD;0EN
A B C
G"o!}
they return to their freshwater birthplaces to spawn and die. C5O5S:|'
D ./'~];&
分析:C错,应改为though。despite是介词,后面一般接名词作宾语,而在句中它后面却跟着一个完整的句子,所以改为连词though。 &8[ZN$Xe"
doP$N3Zm
例:Solar eclipses occur during the Moon's shadow Ds%9cp*6
A B o! aLZ3#X
sweeps across the face of the Earth. $&cz$jyY
C D :ozV3`%$(
分析:B错,应改为when或as。介词不能引导条件状语从句,根据题意改为从属连词when或as。 2v0!` &?M{
X}ZlWJ
例:Even many early leaders of the United States have provided `I5O4|K)
A B ShQ|{P9
names for towns, only George Washington "-w^D!C
C ""co6qo#>
is remembered in the name of a state. !Eq#[Gs
D YEzU{J
分析:A错,应改为Even though。even为副词,不能引导从句,根据题意,改为引导让步状语从句的Even though。 )uZoH8?
六、比较级和最高级 7ftR4
比较级和最高级的出题非常有规则,一共有5个出题方向,并且每次考试必然考两个 S_J,[#&
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(一) 比较级或最高级形式上的重复 geksjVwPH
例:The most easiest process for mining gold is panning, which nqT> qS[Z
A eP "`,<
involves using a circular dish with a small pocket at the bottom. [ `7%sn]$
B C D oL]mjo=jN
分析:A错,应改为easiest。easiest本身已是最高级,不必再用most,这是最高级形式上的重复 z
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C,/O
(二)比较级和最高级之间的混用 OTj,O77k
例:The greenest and plentifulest leaves are the leaves of grasses. *i^`Dw^~y
A B C D %}P4kEY
分析:B错,应改为most plentiful。 plentiful是多音节形容词,须在前面加most构成最高级。 J!{Al
+Mk#9r
例:The more fearsome of all the animals in the Western Hemisphere @Br
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A B C D CK0l9#g
is the grizzly bear. gxwo4.,
分析:A错,应该用最高级most,含有介词of, among, in 表示的范围状语使用最高级。 Oe51PEqn
uRE*%d>
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(三)比较词than的前面一定要有比较级 Ytao"R/
改错题中,通常会看见than前面有一个原级 &SH1q_&BQ
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例:Film directors can take far great liberties in dealing with
W^Y#pn
A B LH2PTW\b!6
concepts of time and space than stage directors can. /)EY2Y'
C D
%v+=;jw
分析:B错,应改为greater。根据后面有than一词可以判定前面的形容词用比较级形式,注意far, much 修饰比较级。 y+9h~,:A
;#1Iiuh
(四)在as…as以及否定not so…as, not as…as的中间使用形容词原级 )55\4<ty
as sweeter as, 这是不对的,应改为as sweet as =wG+Ao
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(五)the 和比较级最高级的关系 eS'yGY0b
①、比较级前面可以出现the, 修饰后面的名词 C$d>_r
the taller boy e)H!uR
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②、副词的最高级加不加the均可以 :
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例:Although flies live longest in cool temperatures, it breed L?5f+@0.
A B ;apzAF
prolifically when temperatures are warm, food is jjzA .8?(7
abundant, and humidity is moderate. En6H%^d2
C D t*G
/]
分析:副词的最高级加不加the均可, 所以A正确,从从句的主语可以看出,B应该改为they w%y\dIeI'
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③、形容词的最高级作定语前面必须使用the, 如果不作定语的话,加不加the均可以 O(
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例:Of all the Native Americans in the United States, W_`A"WdT.
A B C ]m4OIst
the Navajos form largest group. F_;DN:
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D &a,OfSz
分析:D错,应改为form the largest。形容词最高级前面要加定冠词。 a4MZ;5
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陷阱1, earliest, 有两种可能, crcA\lJf
一种可能是early的最高级,最早的语言,the earliest language #A7jyg":
另一种可能作名词,表示早期,必须和时间的名词连用,earliest time, earliest ages, 表示很早的年代,很早的时代,也就是说,如果以后碰上earliest后面加上times, ages, 前面不用加the Hr<o!e{Y
en F :>H4
例:The belief in fairies have existed from earliest times, and the literature of many Z8#Gwyinx
A B C E
Y<8B3y
countries includes tales of fairies and their relationship to humans. a:,y
Z
D <A5
]]{9 +
分析:A错,应改为has existed。主语是单数名词the belief,而不是复数名词fairies,故谓语动词是单数形式。earliest times表示表示很早的时代是正确的。 }x0- V8
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陷阱2,如果最高级前面有所有格的话,不用加the nl aM
例如:my best friends #]?bLm<!
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例:Salt Lake City, Utah's capital and largest city, is industrial JA)?
p{j
A B C ltB.Q
and banking center. g>rp@M
D #1 1NPo9
分析:C错,应改为is an industrial center。center为可数名词,它的修饰词前面应有不定冠词。 s=6}%%q6
Utah's largest city, 题目中其实是省略了Utah's。 vbx6I>\Y
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}?F`t[+
例:Faults in the Earth's crust are most evidently in sedimentary H=*5ASc
A :A
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formations, where they interrupt previously continuous layers. \!vN
B C D DS-0gVYeDW
分析:A错,are的表语必须用evident, 为什么不加the, 因为作表语,而不是定语 tM-^<V&
E!BPE>
七、平行结构 Aa0b6?Jm
改错题考的最多的一个方向便是平行结构 EN{]Qb06A
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(一) 对等连接词 BqDKT
一共有三类连接平行结构的词 YprHwL
单一式: and, or ,but S po?i.#
相关式: both…and, not … but, gqXS~K9t
either …or, neither…nor dzK{
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the same…as;as…as, not so…as, not as…as
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such …as, so …that.. too…to, from…to, from…until, between…and, MMB@.W
not only…but also(also可以省略),Not only +主谓,also RLlU"
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not only…but also(also可以省略)+as well, xtP
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短语式: as well as y;mj^/SxK
rather than (而不是) U\/5;Txy(
other than (除…之外) UnVm1ZWZ
instead of (代替) `V)Z)uN{0
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考试的方式往往是搭配中有一个单词是对的,另一个单词却不对 LjL[V'JL
例:John lived in New York since 1960 to 1975, ,q(&)L$S
A B dKl^jsd
but he is now living in Detroit. rc+C?)S
C D 1&fc1uYB4
分析:B错,应改为from。“从某年到某年”要用“from…to…”这个表达法,不能用since …to…。 zlR?,h-[3
8|E'>+ D_-
例:Even as he wrote copiously on so diverse topics vI$t+m:
A B hO
hS)
as education ,politics ,and religion ,Lewis Mumford
VqL.iZ-
remained active in city and regional planning. =^H4 Yck/5
C D 8M@BG8
分析:B错, 改为such diverse topics as, 出现as, 往往要注意前面一半 uEc<}pV
(二)平行的内容 p ?wI9GY
第一、引导词性的平行,词性的平行本质上是语法作用的平行 L
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例:Photoperiodism is the functional or behavioral response of -,K!
A B }I`a`0/
an organism to changes in duration of daily, seasonally, 5N
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C D r\nx=
or yearly periods of light and darkness. Mi~(aah
分析:D错,应改为seasonal。在daily, seasonally和yearly三个并列的词中,daily和yearly是形容词,seasonally是副词,故改为形容词seasonal,共同修饰名词periods,三个形容词的平行,词性平行 @
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第二、名词单复数的平行 |W<
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但是如果既有可数名词,又有不可数名词,可以不平行 I(=V}s2
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例:The main advertising media include direct mail, %LYnxo7#C
A B C ^&g=u5
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radio, television, magazines, and newspaper. <3,<\ub
D RmZ]"
`
分析:D错,应改为newspapers。newspaper为可数名词,在没有任何前置修饰语的情况下一般用复数形式,并且和前面的magazine平行,而mail, radio, television则是不可数名词。 Nan[<
@3kKJ
例:The Canadian province of Newfoundland has a rocky coast, a moisture climate, O{ /q-~_
A B #nh|=X
and probably the best cod-fishing areas in the world. Le%ZV%,
C D }B~If}7
分析:海岸气候只有一个,但是钓鱼的地方可以有许多个,所以也是不可数名词和名词复数的平行;因此D没有错,A错改为have i1RiGS
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第三、时态的平行 -(K9s!C!.
例:The poet Marianne Moore was initially associated }`+B=h-dW
A /rSH"$
with the imagist movement , but later develops A/`%/0e
B IUtx!.]4
her own thyme patterns and verse forms. ;NRF=d>
C D Zdn~`Q{
分析:B错,应改为developed。句中前半部分谓语为过去时,与之并列的谓语也应用过去时。 0T46sm r
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例:Because the papaya grows readily from seed , ----- \rPbK+G.
spread from its home in Central America and Afk$?wkL
now grows throughout the tropics. t'ZWc\
(A) to be (B) it a@R]X5[O
(C) the (D) its ;`6^6p\p
分析:正确答案为(B)。空格前是原因状语从句,后面紧接着是谓语动词,空格处明显缺主句主语。四个选项中只有B能单独作主语。注意spread是过去式,没有数的变化,因为这一动作明显发生在过去时间。spread 和grows为什么时态可以不平行呢? ;,]P=Ey
原来它在Central America 的家乡传播,现在在整个地方传播,now只修饰后面的grow ":_vK}5
v%ioj0,
例:Ducks have been domesticated for many centuries ---- : "1XPr
commercially for their meat and eggs. @Pt="*g
(A) raised (B) and are raised XQS9,Hl
(C) raised as (D) are raised "U7qo}`I
分析:正确答案为B。空格前是一个完整的句子,根据一个空格处如再出现谓语动词一定要有连词这一原则,B为惟一符合条件的选项。故选(B)。 !>1@HH?I\/
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第四、排列位置的平行 i'\T R|qd
例:---the surface of metal, but also weakens it. /d%=E
(A) Not only does rust corrode &iV,W4
(B) Not only rust corrodes %HJK;
(C) Rust, which not only corrodes >;[*!<pfK5
(D) Rust not only corrodes [Jv@J\
分析:正确答案为D。从but also放在动词前可知,not only也须置于动词前,故选D。A、B中的Not only位置放错了,C使句子缺主句,故排除。 |6<p(i7
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对于not only, but also的用法有以下几种: !/wtYI-`
1、主语+not only +谓语,but also+谓语,正确;例如上面例题中的第四个选项。
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2、Not only +主谓,but also+主谓,正确 Ng_!zrx04
3、Not only +主语+谓语,but also+谓语,错误 zE_i*
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八、词序的颠倒 ,S!azN=
词序的颠倒一般只考一道,90%的情况集中于下面三个出题方向 4F{70"a
(一) 先说形容词,再说名词 k`N^Vdr
例:The Medal of Honor is the highest award military for courage @<