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一、代词 T)tHN#6I
代词中主要讲解六个问题 <?Izfl6
(一) 掌握代词的几种格 qgsE7 ]
主格、宾格、所有格 [mzF)/[_2
名词前面用代词来修饰,只能用所有格(my books) QN&^LaB<T
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(二) 反身代词 i3&B%JiLX
当主语和宾语表示同一事物时,宾语使用反身代词。 MGyB8(
He killed himself. (他自杀了)
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He killed him. (他杀了他) `$agM@"^
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例:Researchers at the University of Colorado are investigating lrX0c$)
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a series of indicators that could help xXxh3 k\
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themselves to predict earthquakes. AD%D ,l
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分析:D错,应改为them。如果用反身代词themselves,指代对象是从句主语that(即名词indicators),这显然是错误的。从句意来看,help的宾语应该是主句主语researchers,故应用代词宾格而不是反身代词。注意C并没有错,情态动词could 比can语气弱,表示较小的可能性。 !5SQN5K
Indicator为征兆,这些征兆帮助他们来预言地震。主语是征兆,后面指研究者,不是同一个事物 A1t~&?
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(三) 代词的单复数,代词的性别 h4.=sbzZ
在考试中如果代词打横线,代词错误的概率是非常高的,因此代词打横线,应该先看代词有没有错。 O:=|b]t
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例:The continental divide refers to an imaginary line in the North American Rockies *:tjxC
that divides the waters flowing into the Atlantic Ocean from it flowing into the ]baaOD$Z
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Pacific. Li-(p"
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分析:D错,应改为those。D指代复数名词waters, it是单数,显然是错误的,根据习惯故改为those。注意waters一词并没有错,它指江湖河海中的大片水域,可用复数形式。 LQ(5D_yG.
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Water作为水是不可数名词,waters表示水域,通常使用复数形式,作主语谓语动词用复数。 YaNH.$.:
Work作为工作是不可数名词,work作为作品,可数不可数都可以,例如: vuo'"^ =p0
Many of his works= much of his work, work都表示作品 7Cd_zZ
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例:In 1920 the presidential candidate Warren Harding coined \9(- /rE
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the word“normalcy”to express social and +fd@K
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economic conditions they promised the nation. VwOG?5W/
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分析:D错,应改为he。动作promised是由Warren Harding发出来的,故用第三人称单数he来指代。 oO#xx)b
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例:Many critics believe that Amy Lwell' s most important 6vgBqn[
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work is not poetry, but his biography, John )jlP
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Keats, published the year of her death. rXY;m-
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分析:C错,应改为her。his指男性,显然是错误的,应改为her与后面的her同指Amy Lowell. Y8%0;!T
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(四) Who和which的区别 V \6(d
which指代事物或者动物,who指代人 l@N;sI<O-
who/whom son往往要改为whose son, whose可以指代事物 \9] I#Ih}M
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例:The human body contains more than six hundred muscles who a#+>w5
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account for approximately forty percent of the body weight. J ;
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分析:B错,应改为which或that。先行词不是指人,而是指物,关系代词不能用who,故改为which或that。 X"[dQ_o
人体前面加定冠词the, account for 占有多大的比例,解释说明 =n-z;/NL
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(五) that和which的区别 \Z)#lF|^
介词后面使用which, 而不用that, in that除外 ?fK^&6pI
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例:When television was first introduced, the extent to that it -<^jGrb
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would affect society could not have been foreseen. ! FNf>z+
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分析:B错,应改为which。The extent to which, 介词加which(引导定语从句),影响社会的程度没有被预见 of9q"h
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(六) 定语从句的特殊省略 N-[n\}'
Reason后面有定语从句,中间往往省略why, ZCm1+Y$
Time后面有定语从句,中间往往省略when l8z%\p5cR
I do remember the time I heard the sweetest voice in the wild world. <