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楼主  发表于: 2007-09-22   

考博语法攻略大全

改错题常考要点 }QW~.>`  
一、代词 T)tHN#6I  
代词中主要讲解六个问题 <?Izfl6  
(一) 掌握代词的几种格 qgsE7 ]  
  主格、宾格、所有格 [mzF)/[_2  
  名词前面用代词来修饰,只能用所有格(my books) QN&^LaB<T  
OrJlHMz  
(二) 反身代词 i3&B%JiLX  
当主语和宾语表示同一事物时,宾语使用反身代词。 MGyB8(  
  He killed himself. (他自杀了) C|;Mhe'r=  
  He killed him. (他杀了他) `$a gM@"^  
^*ez j1  
例:Researchers at the University of Colorado are investigating  lrX0c$)  
    A                 B    z/&a\`DsU  
  a series of indicators that could help xXxh3 k\  
             C      >AX~c jo  
  themselves to predict earthquakes. AD%D ,l  
    D Sc$8tLDLj  
分析:D错,应改为them。如果用反身代词themselves,指代对象是从句主语that(即名词indicators),这显然是错误的。从句意来看,help的宾语应该是主句主语researchers,故应用代词宾格而不是反身代词。注意C并没有错,情态动词could 比can语气弱,表示较小的可能性。 !5SQN5K  
Indicator为征兆,这些征兆帮助他们来预言地震。主语是征兆,后面指研究者,不是同一个事物 A1t~&?  
>g"M.gW  
(三) 代词的单复数,代词的性别 h 4.=sbzZ  
在考试中如果代词打横线,代词错误的概率是非常高的,因此代词打横线,应该先看代词有没有错。 O:=|b]t  
e=jT]i*cU  
例:The continental divide refers to an imaginary line in the North American Rockies * :tjxC  
  that divides the waters flowing into the Atlantic Ocean from it flowing into the ]baaOD$Z  
     A   B      C          D +=~%S)9F  
  Pacific. Li-(p"  
u !3]RGJ  
分析:D错,应改为those。D指代复数名词waters, it是单数,显然是错误的,根据习惯故改为those。注意waters一词并没有错,它指江湖河海中的大片水域,可用复数形式。 LQ(5D_yG.  
.F$|j1y  
Water作为水是不可数名词,waters表示水域,通常使用复数形式,作主语谓语动词用复数。 YaNH.$.:  
Work作为工作是不可数名词,work作为作品,可数不可数都可以,例如: vuo'"^ =p0  
  Many of his works= much of his work, work都表示作品 7Cd_zZ  
G>w?9:V}  
例:In 1920 the presidential candidate Warren Harding coined \9(- /rE  
                       A   }uI7 \\S  
  the word“normalcy”to express social and + fd@K  
             B GKyG #Fl  
   economic conditions they promised the nation. VwOG?5W/  
   C       D Y%0d\{@a  
分析:D错,应改为he。动作promised是由Warren Harding发出来的,故用第三人称单数he来指代。 oO#xx)b  
^K.u ~p   
例:Many critics believe that Amy Lwell' s most important 6vgBqn[  
        A     )v52y8G-p  
  work is not poetry, but his biography, John )jlP cO-  
   B        C      )W1(tEq59  
  Keats, published the year of her death.  rXY;m-  
      D hr[B^?6  
分析:C错,应改为her。his指男性,显然是错误的,应改为her与后面的her同指Amy Lowell. Y8%0;!T  
N~):c2Kp<9  
kYxl1n v  
(四) Who和which的区别 V\6(d  
which指代事物或者动物,who指代人 l@N;sI<O-  
who/whom son往往要改为whose son, whose可以指代事物 \9]I#Ih}M  
]am~aJ|L  
例:The human body contains more than six hundred muscles who a#+>w5  
              A            B b4Cfd?'  
  account for approximately forty percent of the body weight. J; UBnC g  
   C                  D Q PFeBl  
分析:B错,应改为which或that。先行词不是指人,而是指物,关系代词不能用who,故改为which或that。 X"[dQ_o  
人体前面加定冠词the, account for 占有多大的比例,解释说明 =n-z;/NL  
LY-lTr@A^  
(五) that和which的区别 \Z)#lF|^  
介词后面使用which, 而不用that, in that除外 ?fK^&6pI  
r8uqcKfU  
例:When television was first introduced, the extent to that it -<^jGrb  
              A        B r^$\t0h(U8  
  would affect society could not have been foreseen. ! FNf>z+  
      C              D aSOU#Csx  
分析:B错,应改为which。The extent to which, 介词加which(引导定语从句),影响社会的程度没有被预见 of9q"h  
9~@<-6jE3b  
(六) 定语从句的特殊省略 N-[n\}'  
Reason后面有定语从句,中间往往省略why, ZCm1+Y$  
Time后面有定语从句,中间往往省略when l8z%\p5cR  
   I do remember the time I heard the sweetest voice in the wild world. </.z1 $  
way后面有定语从句,中间省略了in which f1A_`$>  
$#5klA  
例:Research on pain has been neglected, although the mainly jm[}M  
              A         B   lDo(@nM  
  reason people take medicine is to relieve pain. Z | We9%  
         C      D <yZP|_  
分析:B错,应改为main。mainly为副词,不能个饰后面的名词,故改为形容词main。句子中people take medicine修饰reason,定语从句引导词被省略 [OzzL\)3l  
"3SWO3-x  
例:Commercial expansion from city to suburb has  *8PN!^  
  affected the way people in the United States----. <;%0T xK|U  
   (A) living and working x=.tiM{#  
   (B) they live and work 4d0#86l~J/  
   (C) live and work 3YW=||;|Yg  
   (D) to live and to work ,;%y f?  
分析:选择C, the way people....影响了人们生活和工作的方式。 [(|^O>k8c  
M ?*Tf&  
二、介词 c` , 2h#   
介词是考试中出现的比较多的一个部分,而其中考的最多的就是介词的固定搭配问题。由于篇幅问题,我们在这里仅仅举出几个例题,在说明书手册中我们完整的列出了所有的介词搭配,这些列出的搭配在以前的语法题中出现过,只不过有的时候是正确的选项,有的时候重复考。 n+HsQ]z.  
J*j5#V];  
(一) 介词搭配 sK&,):"]R  
`}gdN};  
例:The teeth in the upper jaw function together those $o.Kn9\  
    A         B   C      pj!:[d  
  in the lower jaw to cut, tear, and grind food.  qaG#;  
                D \vCGU>UY  
分析:和…一起,应该为together with,C错 0I 5&a  
g6%Z)5D]!  
例:The Allegheny Mountain range is rich of coal. <'+ %\  
A       B     C  D e3 v5,.  
分析:B错改为be rich in 3?.1n Gu  
?gSSli[  
例:The rotation of the Earth on its axis is responsible to the 8:thWGLN  
    A         B      C KzphNHd  
  alternation of periods of light and darkness. %WGuy@tL  
             D q+ pOrGh  
分析:C错,应改为responsible for。形容词responsible后接名词作宾语时要加介词for。 7LCp7$Cp  
brSi<  
l?8)6z#Zl  
(二) 最重要的两个介词 %}&(h/= e  
1、介词of 多余或者遗漏 R-rCh.  
例:Mosquitoes usually lay eggs, singly or in batches, on top stagnant water. 33K*qaRAD  
          A      B  C     D J!TBREK  
分析:D错,应改为top of stagnant。on top of …是因定表达法,意为“在…上面”。 sbo^"&%w  
S1J<9xqSQ8  
例:Christopher Plummer is a Canadian actor who has E4i0i!<z  
                 A  B     --fFpM3EvS  
  starred in stage, television, and film productions on &|Np0R  
      C Xsuwa-G!5~  
  both sides the Atlantic Ocean. qAY%nA>jO  
      D X!tf#tl  
分析:D错,应改为sides of the。 sides为名词,the Atlantic Ocean也是名词,中间明显少了一个介词。 /i_ @  
feX^~gM  
2、介词by r~7:daG*  
一种情况表示被动,be+过去分词+by zj|WZ=1*Wp  
另一种表示通过……的方式, by doing PRB{VC<k  
例:The ceremony of marriage in the United States ]zfG~^.  
    A         B       ~9\zWRh  
   can be performed from a justice of the peace. d s:->+o  
   C     D +iO/m  
分析:D错,应改为performed by。谓语动词是被动式,performed的动作执行者应该由介词by来引导。 'CR)`G_'[  
Wu1{[a|  
例:Along the east coast ,American Indian women's councils 9 QC.TG@  
   A                      i38[hQR9a  
   could veto a declaration of war at refusing to M@Q3M( z  
     B    C       D 3oy~=  
   supply moccasins and field rations. #z'uRHx%=0  
分析:D错,应改为by refusing。通过拒绝提供鞋子和粮食,表示通过某种方式做某事要用介词by,故将at refusing 改为by refusing。  vZj`|  
xiblPF_n3  
例:Algebra is the branch of mathematics concerned with zDTv\3rZ4X  
        A                &>g'$a<[  
  operations on sets of numbers or other elements `D$Jv N  
        B          C   Ro(Zmk\t  
  that are often represented at symbols. n(seNp%_  
              D q`NXJf=sc  
分析:D错,应改为by。动作的发出者应该用介词by来引导。 a GZi9O7G}  
三、谓语动词 (~~w7L s  
(一) 谓语动词的主谓一致 7R4z}2F2  
①、主谓分割原则 )0 W`  
例1:To the citizens of the United States, the bald eagle, b75 $?_+  
     A     KJ2Pb"s  
   America's national bird, symbolize strength and freedom. ]i<[d ,  
        B      C      D 5q9s,r_  
分析:C错,应改为symbolizes。主语谓语用逗号分割开,主语the bald eagle为单数,谓语动词也应该用单数形式。 2 dp>Z",  
U6E\AvbRn  
②、与后者一致原则 8lF\v/vN  
not…but, 强调but后面的名词, s~I6SA&i  
not only…but also G7!W{;@I  
S"Lx%  
;V^pL((5J  
③、与前者一致原则 RlT3Iz;  
名词+with/together with/as well as/including+复数名词,谓语用is,  qy)_wM  
中心词在前面,谓语动词应该与前面的名词保持一致 K~=UUB  
例:The athlete, together with his coach and wNFz*|n  
     A      B  C     eW5SFY.  
  several relatives, are traveling to the Olympic Games. h$eEn l}  
         D FR2= las"z  
分析:D错,与谓语动词与the athlete 保持一致,改为is (Yo>Oh4  
_@S`5;4x  
④、就近原则 T91moRv  
or, either…or, neither…nor, DCqY|4Qc  
单数名词+or+复数名词+are I>L-1o|^  
如果把句子变为一般疑问句,也就是把be动词提到前面,那么变为is * 5w{8  
所以注意一点: 如果是陈述句,靠后面近,用复数 ()&~@1U  
        如果是疑问句,靠前面近,用单数 Eu"_MgD  
U9b?i$  
例:The structure or behavior of many protozoans are @gY)8xMbA  
        A      B        7{& |;U  
  amazingly complex for single-celled animals. vfVj=DYj  
    C              D y;/VB,4V  
分析:A错,应改为and。从谓语动词是复数形式判断,主语应该为复数,or连接两个名词时动词和后面的名词保持一致,behavior是用单数形式,因此只有改为并列连词and才能使主谓在数上保持一致。  : ]C~gc  
>EY3/Go>  
⑤定语从句主语就近原则 }&_/ PA0j  
There are five apples that are red. cnTaJ/o  
apples是复数,因此从句谓语动词是复数。 lNSLs"x^  
)1X#*mCxk  
例:A rocket burns propellant rapidly and most rockets bhniB@<  
      A            ]+X@ 7  
  carry a supply that last just a few seconds. T=ev[ mS  
   B   C    D 2}8v(%s p  
分析:D错,应改为lasts。从句的逻辑主语a supply为单数,其谓语动词应为单数形式。 SL5Ai/X0N  
Kr)a2rZ}SL  
⑥the +形容词主谓一致 ;^Dpl'v%\  
The rich are not always happier than the poor. =>-Rnc @  
The rich 表示一类人,应该用复数 'inFKy'H  
F w?[lS  
⑦、倒装句的主谓一致 Ofs <EQ  
改错题倒装句的主谓一致一般考两种情况: |ZmUNiAa  
a. there be 句型 q<M2,YrbAI  
there be+名词+名词,那么最近的名词决定其形式 q@{B t{$x  
b. between/ among 放在句首+be+名词,名词其实是主语,所以be和名词保持一致 5 sX+~Q  
r]6C  
例:There are no known society in which left-handed people predominate. OGl}-kw  
   A     B      C    D    `EaLGzw  
分析:there be 句型由最近的名词决定其形式,society当然用单数,A错,there are 改为there is E 7{U |\  
j:v@pzTD  
HAa; hb  
例:Between the foothills of the Andes and the Pacific nlc "c5;jh  
             A     B    h'{ C[d  
  Ocean are a dry coastal strip averaging about 30 -Fe?R*-g  
     C         K|[*t~59  
  miles in width. )?anOD[  
     D  @J/K-.r  
分析:倒装句,are改为is ) AvN\sC  
, K~}\CR  
例:Among the favorite attractions at the National Air and A PEE ~  
   A    B       C         "~|6tQLc  
  Space Museum in Washington D.C. are the film ~x1$h#Cx'  
                    D asppRL||  
  presented on the five-story-tall screen. W:pIPDx1=!  
分析:D错,应改为films , 主语实际上是名词,应该与谓语动词保持一致。 cQ R]le %(  
5Odhb  
⑧、百分比结构的主谓一致 &i6),{QN  
fifty percent of + 名词 ?67Y-\}   
one percent of + 名词 z7fp#>uw  
谓语动词的形式和百分比多少没有关系,主要取决于后面的名词,比如: I&x= ;   
  one percent of my students + are +nFu|qM}  
  fifty percent of my time is spent on working. n{ar gI8wF  
|ATvS2  
这里要强调两个结构 g}1B;zGf  
half of =fifty percent 52Z2]T c ,  
most of + 可数名词 + are Ga^"1TZ x  
most of + 不可数名词+ is UGV+/zxIM  
rZ}:Z'`  
例:Nearly half of the ancient meteor craters has been 2} /aFR  
   A       B         C   (c=6yV@  
  found in central and eastern Canada. z]_wjYn Z  
           D s+$ Q}|?u  
分析:C错,应改为have been。介词of的宾语为复数名词短语,作主语的中心词half当然表复数,相应的谓语动词应为复数形式。 wd8 l$*F*  
N/"{.3{W  
例:Approximately fifty percent of the package utilized Z&+ g;(g  
                 A   B  On9A U:\  
  in the United States are for foods and beverages. P~>O S5^  
              C     D =(j1rW!  
分析:A错,应改为packages。从谓语动词用复数形式判断出主语是复数名词。注意food用复数表示不同种类的食品,beverage用复数表示不同种类的饮料,故(C)、(D)均没有错。 q376m-+  
O:;w3u7;u  
(二) 谓语动词的时态 l *(8i ^  
①、主要考察时间状语 -A^_{4X  
P^ ~yzI  
例 The metal aluminum has been first isolated early in the nineteenth century. NRs13M<ftf  
   A        B  C     D V1N3iI  
JzQ_{J`k  
分析:Metal, aluminum同位语,in the nineteenth century为明显表示过去时间的状语, 因此应该用过去时态,把has been改为was )4e.k$X^  
l`lk-nb  
]nn98y+  
②、For和since的区别 'x#~'v*  
区别一:For 后面使用时间段,since 后面使用时间点 >C>.\  
区别二:Since 只能用在现在完成时态,For 最主要用在现在完成时和一般过去时 s%7t"-=&  
  I has been a teacher for three years. x)DMPVB<  
  I has been a teacher since 1996. g*AWE,%=|  
  I was a teacher for three years. 这种表达可以,for three years表示一段时间,was 表示过去做了三年,现在不是老师了 L\J;J%fz.  
hn G Z=  
例: Since 1921 the budget of the United States became ~w+c8c8pW  
   A      B              ZPLm]I\]  
  the primary responsibility of the president. I5 p ? [  
     C    D 2*& ^v  
分析:A错,应改 In. since一般要求主句用完成时态,而句中谓语动词为过去式,其时间状语应与之呼应,故改Since为In。 A:%`wX}  
tCH!my_  
例:Adella Prentiss Hrghes served as manager of -=Q*Ml#I  
             A  B  C   Tx# Mn~xD  
  the Cleveland Orchestra since fifteen years. (mpNcOY<D  
            D p?OoC  
分析:D错,应改为for。since引导时间状语时,主句谓语动词为一般完成时;主句谓语动词为一般过去时要用介词for;而且一段时间用for, 而不是since。 m+[Ux{$  
H/ HMm{4  
&K#M*B ,*p  
52. In general, prawns lived in shallow coastal waters or in streams.  .uZ3odMlx  
   A       B        C     D Ff z,J6b  
自然现象和客观事实用一般现在时态,live &U#|uc!+  
*L^,|   
(三) 谓语的语态 N =}A Z{$  
语态主要表示是主动语态还是被动语态。 kbQ>a5`,x  
有四组动词是改错题中常考的: 45c$nuZ  
①、prove k="i;! G e  
My advice proved to be wrong. 我的建议被证明是错的 KkbDW3-  
尽管是被证明,但习惯上用主动; ^jZbo {  
[RhO$c$[\  
例:A majority of the reports received from people claiming VlsnL8DV  
                      A   .M%}X7  
  to have seen the legendary Loch Ness Monster have proven to be *.t 7G  
    B                  C <\^8fn   
  mistakes, misconceptions, or they were being tricked. aX'*pK/-  
                  D K w ]=  
分析:D错,应改为tricks。并列连词 or在此连接名词,如果把D理解为并列句,不仅时态不对,语义也有问题,故将整个句子改为名词。have proven to be是正确的。 Wh*uaad7  
@I?=<Riu  
n{mfn *r.  
②、Locate,Situate m;QMQeGz  
这两个词可以用作主动,表示把…放置在…地方;确定…的位置 E ~<J C"]  
  Bats locate obstacles.蝙蝠确定障碍物的位置 '5$b-x6F  
这两个词也可以用作被动 j A%u 5V  
  My school was located near the river. /h3RmUy   
区分locate的主动和被动比较难,但是有一个技巧存在:locate如果用作主动,后面必须跟宾语 /a4{?? #e  
例:The center of gravity of the human body ---- behind the hip joint. 8{sGNCvU  
   (A)locates #@Jq~$N|  
   (B)locating M8(t 'jN  
   (C)to locate eng'X-x  
   (D)is located U>N1Od4vTO  
分析:空格处显然缺谓语动词,故首先排除不能作谓语的B和C。动词locate后面没有宾语,所以用作被动,表示“位于”,所以D为正确选项。 T_4/C2  
$xN|5;+  
③、表示需要概念的动词 &%J08l6  
need, want, require等 Sdryol<  
H/M@t\$Dc  
My watch needed repairing }qD\0+`qi  
My watch needed to be repaired. +6+i!Sip  
Cw&KVw*  
④、表示人的情感的动词 F:S}w   
move, annoy, surprise, please等 O:K2Y5R?B  
oEpFuWp%A  
He is so moving.  他令人感到感动。 l*G[!u  
He is greatly moved. 他感到非常感动。 yJIscwF  
vnuN6M{  
主动和被动技巧总结: f3y=Wxk[  
如果句子中有一个“过去分词+by”, 如果断定它是谓语的话,前面必然有be动词 }Zp,+U*"  
U]rRQ d/:;  
例:The Tennessee Valley Authority has chartered by the "3J}b?u_[  
                 A      ;!Fn1|)  
  United States Congress in 1933 to construct dams, pd$[8Rmj_  
                 B 4_ML ],.  
  power structures, and flood-control works along R=\IEqqsi  
                    C 5[0?g@aO  
  the Tennessee River and its tributary streams. Zv{'MIv&v  
                D -mh3DhJ,  
分析:A错,应改为has been chartered。由信号词by可知前面的谓语动词为被动语态形式。 (/$^uWj  
/yZcDK4  
四、非谓语动词 UPGtj"2v-  
1xvu<|F  
(一) 分词 2~[juWbz  
现在分词和过去分词的区别 m]&SNz=  
①、用于句首作状语,现在分词表示主动,过去分词表示被动 |N]XJ)?  
@O~pV`_tD  
例:Won its war for independence in 1783, the United States then m4Zk\,1m.|  
   A vP,n(reM  
  struggled to establish its own economic and financial system. G#$-1"!`  
     B      C            D '5tCz9}Y  
分析:分词作状语,主要看是主动还是被动,美国赢得应该是主动,所以A错,改won为winning h2QmQ>y"  
0*v2y*2V  
②、用于名词后面作后置定语,现在分词表示主动,过去分词表示被动 cz$2R  
例:In the nineteenth century the Mohave Indians lived in iURe([@  
      A               B   )U# K  
  the Northern Hemisphere grew their crops on river bottom lands. % AgUUn&k  
               C         D {.]7!ISl5  
分析:B错,生活在什么地方的人,人生活是主动,因此改为living pK4)yu+  
&M[?h}B6  
A=>u 1h69  
一些动词后面必须用doing X wtqi@zlE  
对于加doing的词来说,考试中一般出现一个,下面这些词都是要加doing的,请考生牢记。 8?C5L8)  
 mind, finish, enjoy, celebrate, KY^Z  
 advocate, suggest ")25 qZae  
 delay, quit  AOx[  
 forgive(原谅),tolerate, d d;T-wa}  
 avoid, escape(逃避) P'rb%W  
 spend+名词+doing; W_ ZJ0GuE(  
 have trouble/difficult/a problem/ +doing )pn3~t<e d  
#A.@i+Zv  
例:Long before the dawn of recorded history, humans celebrated to harvest their fc@A0Hf  
   A     B    C              D WF"k[2  
  crops. ?X;RLpEc|A  
分析:D错,应改为harvesting。及物动词celebrate直接带名词、名词短语或动名词短语作宾语,故将to harvest改为harvesting。 ,+ ~W4<f  
T9&1VW  
例:Some experts have advocated to bring that country into the talks, dqAw5[qMJ  
               A        B -{A<.a3P}=  
  to revive the intermittent dialogue that began after the 1967 Middle East War. |cY`x(?yP  
        C          D 2"~8Z(0  
分析:A错,advocate 后面直接跟doing, 改为advocate bringing }1xo-mUg,  
^C%<l( b  
(二) 不定式 QCJM&  
A. 动词不定式的省略 H[|~/0?K  
①、help后面可以省略to q'11^V!0  
  help to do Q=:|R3U/  
  help sb. to do U ;I9 bK8  
Vz[C=_m  
例:A good exercise program helps teach people to avoid CH/rp4NeSy  
              A      B   8$|=P!7EO  
  the habits that might shorten the lives. 2BobH_ H  
         C     D b>$S<td  
分析:D错,应改为their. 定冠词在句中不如代词所有格明确,如果lives后面有定语就可以用the。注意(A)并没有错,help后面可以接不带to的不定式。 \C1nZk?3  
&-=5Xc+Z  
②、使役动词后面要省略to, 这样的动词只有三个 s<o7!!c  
  make, Xx(T">]vJ  
  let, {}Za_(Y,]  
  have sb. do sth wa3}SB  
  注意get不是使役动词,get sb. to do sth. ?R#)1{(8d~  
例:A conductor used signals and gestures to let the musicians C6y&#uX\  
        A               B d^6M9lGU  
  to know when to play various parts of a composition. kSh( u  
   C     D GM<-&s!Uj  
分析:let是使役动词,后面不需要to, C改为know e 3TI|e_  
J)C/u{o  
③、感官动词 v}Fr@0%  
   hear, feel, watch, see, notice, observe "w.3Q96r  
   see sb do sth. 强调过程 ?K\axf>F  
   see sb doing sth 正在做某事 :08,JL{  
xF44M]i  
{Dmjm{   
B. 动词不定式的固定用法 :4%k9BGAj"  
(1)表示第一人 %|i`kYsy  
the first woman to do sth. H'hpEw G  
Z/;aT -N  
(2)表示迫使的动词 w*JGUk  
一般考三个, allow/ enable/ call, +sb. + to do %1$,Vs<RH  
Oo% d]8W  
例:Besides providing clues to the nature of atoms, mineral analysis /Mu @,)''  
     A                 B    qm o9G  
  allows to speculate geologists about the ancient Earth. KMjhZap %  
       C           D s}% M4  
分析:allow...to do是固定短语,allow的宾语应在不定式之前,即把C改为: allow geologists to speculate。 fx>4  
n#OB%@]<V  
e;}7G  
(3)表示倾向…的形容词 nK%LRcAs  
  be more likely to do 更有可能作某事 4Ic*9t3  
  be inclined to do倾向于做某事 $@"g^,n  
  be lieable to do 易于…的 <3C*Z"aQ>|  
  be apt to do *6DB0X_-}  
DX K?Cv71z  
(4)表示目的的名词, cP_.&!T  
一共有7个这样的词,这一条也是最重要的。 Hn+~5@.  
固定的句式: l3I:Q^x@  
the purpose , the purpose of sth is to do sth. >_"an~Ss  
the objective 目标 Q:k}Jl  
aim Ks`J([(W&  
goal xBi' X  
reason理由 ")XHak.JX  
function功能 WuUk9_ g  
intension意图 Doyx[zZ  
DKJmTH]rUg  
例:The function of Louis Sullivan's architecture was providing )g#T9tx2D  
                       A  qwgPk9l  
  large uninterrupted floor areas and to allow ample light into the interior. G[I"8iS,  
           B          C     D P'[3Fqe  
分析:the function to provide, A错 T{ XS")Vw  
RF53Jyt  
例:The chief goal of biochemistry is for understanding the structure ryUQU^v  
                  A       3/e.38m|  
  and behavior of the carbon-containing compounds J({Xg?  
     B  T9_RBy;%  
  that make up various components of a living cell. V>-e y9Q\  
    C    D -g Sa_8R  
分析:the chief goal is to understand, A错  KD7dye  
O6a<`]F  
(5) 其他同根名词 ?u=Fj_N_  
 ability to do 受到be able to 的影响 =I;ZMJR  
 attempt to do 企图 q{I%Q)t)gU  
 decision to do 决定, 受decide的影响 Ed,~1GanY  
 ambition, 1&evG-#<:  
 be ambitious to do  u jq=F  
 effort Eo g0TQ+*  
{9;CNsd  
例:For ancient people, myths were often attempts explanation |[ k.ii6iO  
  A                    B   1;r|g)VM  
  catastrophic events such as volcanic eruptions.  ~f1%8z  
          C       D 9_r YBX  
分析:B错,应改为to explain。 attempts后应跟动词不定式短语表目的,故将名词explanation改为to explain。 )Y6 +  
>G*eNn  
例:In the early 1960's the Civil Rights movement made great $i}y8nlQ  
  A                   B   aS{n8P6vW  
  efforts for registering members of minorities to vote. 6YLj^w] %  
       C            D YY((V@| K  
分析:efforts to register, C错 (vPN5F  
AOWmzu{zw  
v/0QOp  
C. 动词不定式的其他用法 K{cD+=]{  
(1) be to do 表示已安排好或者注定要发生的动作,属于将来时态的范畴 ox>^>wR*  
She and Anne are to meet at two o'clock. m!4ndO;0vh  
)}]g] g  
(2)不定式的完成式为“to have done”,表示不定式的动作在谓语动作之前发生,这个完成式通常表示一般过去时 ~xfP:[u  
I am glad to see you. D},>mfzF  
I am glad to have seen your mother yesterday. w%VU/6~  
yesterday是一般过去时,修饰have seen. F/bT)QT<f  
#*uL)2nR  
(3) 形容词后面使用动词不定式,主动表示被动 I^]2K0+x x  
It is difficult to decide. N P#w +Qw  
YTpSHpf@  
:P\7i W  
五、句子的结构 dvx#q5f_S  
句子的结构主要考查四个出题方向。 B5VKs,g  
y$F'(b| )  
(一) 主语的重复 <#y[gTJ<'>  
名词+代词+谓语,这个代词永远是重复的主语,永远是错的 BB$>h}  
例:Woodrow Wilson he was an idealist who refused to make any #m<nAR  
          A      B      Uq,^Wy  
  compromises concerning the establishment of the o&zJ=k[4  
          C          D vq0Tk bzs  
  League of Nations. &yTqZ*Yuk  
分析:代词he不是同位语,主语重复;如果是下面这样的主语,那么便是主语同位语 9y8&9<#  
A prolific writer, Woodrow Wilson ?.-wnz  
g i-$Z FzB  
qI9z;_,gNz  
例:Two unique features of the Arctic they are V`d,qn)i  
        A        B  S_4?K)n #  
  lack of precipitation and permanently frozen ground. f:,DWw`B  
    C         D 6|%?tex  
分析:选项B中的they和前面的主语two unique features重复 sA/D]W.P  
@#>rYAb8,  
(二)谓语的重复 Uh4%}-;  
完整的句子后面又多了一个谓语,往往改为定语从句 Y;Dp3v !  
xY8$I6  
例:A paragraph is a portion of a text consists of  o5O#vW2Il&  
    A            B    9dLV96  
  one or more sentences related to the same idea. [z\$?VJspQ  
         C   D 3E]plj7$  
分析:B错,应改为consisting of或which consists of。句中有两个无法连接的谓语动词,而且前一个谓语动词下面没有划线,故改consists为非谓语动词形式或在它前面加which使之成为从句谓语动词。 Xp% v.M  
Hqx-~hQO  
(三)谓语的缺少 [`[|l  
例:Most mammals to maintain a relatively constant body aEWWP]  
          A     B    t+ G# {n  
  temperature, regardless of what the air temperature might be.  -p-ZzgQ  
         C               D su( 1<S}  
分析:A错,应改为maintain。句中缺谓语动词,故去掉不定式符号to 使maintain变成谓语动词。 q5+4S5R*^  
fu ,}1Mq#  
(四)主句的重复 +Q)XH>jh   
主句的重复总是考even, instead, during, despite等引导的句子, 但是实际上它们无法把两个句子连接起来,因为它们都是副词或者介词,连接两个句子应该用连接词连接 k FD; i  
<w9JRpFY   
?4&e;83_#y  
例:Salmon spend most of their adult lives in salt water, despite T2W eE@o  
      A         B        C   lU\ [aNs  
  they return to their freshwater birthplaces to spawn and die. h"Q8b}$^)  
     D 5m 4P\y^a  
分析:C错,应改为though。despite是介词,后面一般接名词作宾语,而在句中它后面却跟着一个完整的句子,所以改为连词though。 Y =I'czg  
WDD%Q8ejV&  
例:Solar eclipses occur during the Moon's shadow =BAr .m+"  
        A   B       >T-u~i$s  
  sweeps across the face of the Earth. C2I_%nU Z1  
      C    D $( kF#  
分析:B错,应改为when或as。介词不能引导条件状语从句,根据题意改为从属连词when或as。 #q$HQ&k  
n;_sG>N  
例:Even many early leaders of the United States have provided `HSKQ52  
   A                     B  F~W6Bp^W  
  names for towns, only George Washington |aS.a&vwR  
      C  4e7-0}0  
  is remembered in the name of a state. #gN&lY:CFn  
          D +@f26O7$*  
分析:A错,应改为Even though。even为副词,不能引导从句,根据题意,改为引导让步状语从句的Even though。 /Cr%{'Pzk  
六、比较级和最高级 my1@41 H  
比较级和最高级的出题非常有规则,一共有5个出题方向,并且每次考试必然考两个 Of#u  
K@]4g49A/j  
(一)    比较级或最高级形式上的重复 SKN`2hD  
例:The most easiest process for mining gold is panning, which [|$h*YK  
      A               O=t_yy  
  involves using a circular dish with a small pocket at the bottom. f Tec  
     B       C           D ;H*T^0  
分析:A错,应改为easiest。easiest本身已是最高级,不必再用most,这是最高级形式上的重复 oZgjQM$YP  
%wy.TN  
(二)比较级和最高级之间的混用 ?l{nk5,?-Y  
例:The greenest and plentifulest leaves are the leaves of grasses. ~ .g@hS8>  
     A      B     C  D `U_)98  
分析:B错,应改为most plentiful。 plentiful是多音节形容词,须在前面加most构成最高级。 q54]1 TQ  
_TZRVa_  
例:The more fearsome of all the animals in the Western Hemisphere  mq.`X:e  
     A       B     C   D bAqA1y3=  
  is the grizzly bear. (w3YvG.  
分析:A错,应该用最高级most,含有介词of, among, in 表示的范围状语使用最高级。 ES7s1O$#  
rM%1GPVob  
{;1\+ f  
(三)比较词than的前面一定要有比较级 XpHrt XD  
改错题中,通常会看见than前面有一个原级 Bwxd&;E  
Ti5-6%~&  
例:Film directors can take far great liberties in dealing with -Q*gW2KmV  
   A           B  24eLB? H  
  concepts of time and space than stage directors can. kDxFloK  
   C                 D rEW b"  
分析:B错,应改为greater。根据后面有than一词可以判定前面的形容词用比较级形式,注意far, much 修饰比较级。 Y$_B1_  
~f98#43  
(四)在as…as以及否定not so…as, not as…as的中间使用形容词原级 /U9"wvg  
as sweeter as, 这是不对的,应改为as sweet as ;.980+i1  
%h!B^{0  
(五)the 和比较级最高级的关系 UaeXY+O  
①、比较级前面可以出现the, 修饰后面的名词 O\ r0bUPE  
the taller boy kxv1Hn"`{E  
7 kE n \  
②、副词的最高级加不加the均可以 G"t5nHY\.  
例:Although flies live longest in cool temperatures, it breed evmeqQG=  
          A            B ' ` Hr}  
  prolifically when temperatures are warm, food is ?Ir:g=RP*  
  abundant, and humidity is moderate.  @q) d  
    C          D [7y]n;Fy  
分析:副词的最高级加不加the均可, 所以A正确,从从句的主语可以看出,B应该改为they FYQS)s  
&};zvo~P.  
③、形容词的最高级作定语前面必须使用the, 如果不作定语的话,加不加the均可以 eHUOU>&P]  
例:Of all the Native Americans in the United States, ECmW`#Otb)  
  A  B         C     RViAwTvY  
  the Navajos form largest group. y6BAH  
         D Ny/MJ#Lq  
分析:D错,应改为form the largest。形容词最高级前面要加定冠词。 [$ UI8tV  
X:{!n({r=  
陷阱1, earliest, 有两种可能, q) KKvO  
一种可能是early的最高级,最早的语言,the earliest language {)<v&'*c~  
    另一种可能作名词,表示早期,必须和时间的名词连用,earliest time, earliest ages, 表示很早的年代,很早的时代,也就是说,如果以后碰上earliest后面加上times, ages, 前面不用加the *o ix6  
+=)+'q]S  
例:The belief in fairies have existed from earliest times, and the literature of many lyhiFkO iH  
            A      B         C COlaD"Y  
  countries includes tales of fairies and their relationship to humans. f|(M.U-  
            D 9>#6*/Oa7  
分析:A错,应改为has existed。主语是单数名词the belief,而不是复数名词fairies,故谓语动词是单数形式。earliest times表示表示很早的时代是正确的。 @C aG9]  
X@FN|Rdh  
陷阱2,如果最高级前面有所有格的话,不用加the `Q,H|hp;k;  
例如:my best friends xgtR6E^k  
?aMOZn?  
例:Salt Lake City, Utah's capital and largest city, is industrial TD_Oo-+\  
            A    B     C E tm?'  
  and banking center. f%hEnZv  
        D 32 =z)]FZ  
分析:C错,应改为is an industrial center。center为可数名词,它的修饰词前面应有不定冠词。 `r_/Wt{g  
Utah's largest city, 题目中其实是省略了Utah's。 +"VP-s0  
2J;g{ 95z  
;A[Q2(w+  
例:Faults in the Earth's crust are most evidently in sedimentary IE~ |iQ?-  
                 A         tLmTjX .6  
  formations, where they interrupt previously continuous layers. 4KrL{Z+}  
    B   C     D T[A 69O]v  
分析:A错,are的表语必须用evident, 为什么不加the, 因为作表语,而不是定语 L /^I*p,  
8~gLqh8^V  
七、平行结构 fikkY=  
改错题考的最多的一个方向便是平行结构 cN9t{.m  
H>@+om  
_J[P[(ab  
(一) 对等连接词 GuL<Z1<c  
一共有三类连接平行结构的词 3f;>" P}  
单一式: and, or ,but -Y;3I00(  
相关式: both…and, not … but, !{41!O,K#  
     either …or, neither…nor }o{(S%%  
     the same…as;as…as, not so…as, not as…as %u5]>]M+  
     such …as, so …that.. too…to, from…to, from…until, between…and, Ecx<OTo  
     not only…but also(also可以省略),Not only +主谓,also <rSF*  
     not only…but also(also可以省略)+as well, ]M' =^32  
61 ~upQaR  
短语式: as well as ;6hOx(>`=  
     rather than (而不是) 1@=po)Hnp  
     other than (除…之外) *_g$MI  
     instead of (代替) dnuu&Rv  
#LN`X8Wz'  
考试的方式往往是搭配中有一个单词是对的,另一个单词却不对 .w ,q0<}  
例:John lived in New York since 1960 to 1975,  Vs{|xG7W D  
       A     B   /JU.?M3 5  
  but he is now living in Detroit. w)jISu;RG  
       C   D ]"1DGg \A  
分析:B错,应改为from。“从某年到某年”要用“from…to…”这个表达法,不能用since …to…。 k.15CA`  
eQvg7 aO;  
例:Even as he wrote copiously on so diverse topics ?@ $r   
       A         B vgN&K@hJ  
  as education ,politics ,and religion ,Lewis Mumford 7i1q wRv  
  remained active in city and regional planning. |IUWF%~^$+  
          C    D  mU9kVx1+  
分析:B错, 改为such diverse topics as, 出现as, 往往要注意前面一半 jOD?|tK&  
(二)平行的内容 xFg>SJ7]  
第一、引导词性的平行,词性的平行本质上是语法作用的平行 S?BG_J6A7  
例:Photoperiodism is the functional or behavioral response of >~+ELVB&  
             A         B   &Z|P2dI  
  an organism to changes in duration of daily, seasonally, s=/v';5J2!  
         C            D U_c*6CK  
  or yearly periods of light and darkness. yyy|Pw4:Z  
分析:D错,应改为seasonal。在daily, seasonally和yearly三个并列的词中,daily和yearly是形容词,seasonally是副词,故改为形容词seasonal,共同修饰名词periods,三个形容词的平行,词性平行 &~U ]~;@  
"`1bA"E  
Z># i**  
第二、名词单复数的平行 \:F_xq  
但是如果既有可数名词,又有不可数名词,可以不平行 >t_6B~x9  
t}tEvh  
例:The main advertising media include direct mail, K8Y=S12Ti  
  A     B          C   =kG@ a(-  
  radio, television, magazines, and newspaper. Q#[9| A9  
                 D   |*tp16+6  
分析:D错,应改为newspapers。newspaper为可数名词,在没有任何前置修饰语的情况下一般用复数形式,并且和前面的magazine平行,而mail, radio, television则是不可数名词。 =+d?x 56  
zjoq6  
例:The Canadian province of Newfoundland has a rocky coast, a moisture climate, "@,}p\  
                   A         B o J;$sj  
  and probably the best cod-fishing areas in the world. K0Fh%Y4)QH  
      C          D mUF,@>o  
分析:海岸气候只有一个,但是钓鱼的地方可以有许多个,所以也是不可数名词和名词复数的平行;因此D没有错,A错改为have <B8!.|19  
L8#5*8W6  
第三、时态的平行 sY f~c0${  
例:The poet Marianne Moore was initially associated }Y36C.@H  
                A     %;YHt=(1*X  
  with the imagist movement , but later develops SQt 4v"  
                   B F6 flIG&h  
  her own thyme patterns and verse forms. :1KpGj*F  
          C    D x39<6_?G  
分析:B错,应改为developed。句中前半部分谓语为过去时,与之并列的谓语也应用过去时。 Jz *;q~  
$a Xer:  
例:Because the papaya grows readily from seed , ----- G,Azm }+  
  spread from its home in Central America and dT1H  
  now grows throughout the tropics. ysf~|r4s  
   (A) to be    (B) it   n3 r3"~i  
   (C) the     (D) its zi*R`;_`,  
分析:正确答案为(B)。空格前是原因状语从句,后面紧接着是谓语动词,空格处明显缺主句主语。四个选项中只有B能单独作主语。注意spread是过去式,没有数的变化,因为这一动作明显发生在过去时间。spread 和grows为什么时态可以不平行呢? A#'8X w|  
原来它在Central America 的家乡传播,现在在整个地方传播,now只修饰后面的grow /,Re "!jh  
a\ YV3NJ/A  
例:Ducks have been domesticated for many centuries ---- +-CtjhoS  
  commercially for their meat and eggs. s 15 oN  
   (A) raised   (B) and are raised hJ~Uf5Q  
   (C) raised as  (D) are raised pYZ6e_j1 ~  
分析:正确答案为B。空格前是一个完整的句子,根据一个空格处如再出现谓语动词一定要有连词这一原则,B为惟一符合条件的选项。故选(B)。 \<TXS)w]  
0o*8#i/)!3  
第四、排列位置的平行 ! lc[  
例:---the surface of metal, but also weakens it. RMWHN:9  
   (A) Not only does rust corrode p hzKm9  
   (B) Not only rust corrodes  cI?8RF( ;  
   (C) Rust, which not only corrodes JKmIvZ)8  
   (D) Rust not only corrodes oij}'|/Jc  
分析:正确答案为D。从but also放在动词前可知,not only也须置于动词前,故选D。A、B中的Not only位置放错了,C使句子缺主句,故排除。 wLJ:\_Jaf  
0Bi.6 r  
对于not only, but also的用法有以下几种: =\wxsL  
 1、主语+not only +谓语,but also+谓语,正确;例如上面例题中的第四个选项。 h2J/c#Qvh  
 2、Not only +主谓,but also+主谓,正确 EkNunCls  
 3、Not only +主语+谓语,but also+谓语,错误 q ]e`9/U  
bU:EqW\(^  
八、词序的颠倒 r@t9Ci=}  
词序的颠倒一般只考一道,90%的情况集中于下面三个出题方向 4DOH`6#an  
(一) 先说形容词,再说名词 :^WKT  
例:The Medal of Honor is the highest award military for courage |G,tlchprs  
              A    B        wFsyD3  
  that can be given to any individual in the United States. J1I ;Jgql(  
      C       D    v>Yb/{A  
分析:B错,军事的荣誉是military award而不是award military,单个形容词修饰名词时一般放在被修饰词的前面。 kJzoFFWo$  
[] `&vWZ  
dq&yf7  
(二) 副词+形容词+名词 ,3p~w5C/+[  
例:Certain types of computers work properly only pg.ri64H<  
          A      B     b8"?VS5-"  
  in environments with controlled precisely temperatures. Ix!Iw[CNd  
    C         D q6SXWT'Sa  
分析:D错,应改为precisely controlled,精确的被控制的温度。controlled为过去分词用作形容词,修饰它的副词应放在其前面,它自己则要紧挨着被修饰的名词。 w?wG(+X7  
)d1_Wm#B  
qx8fRIK%  
(三)主语系动词, 系动词 + 表语 4UlyxA~   
I^UC&5dC  
例:During the 1600's skilled shoemakers scarce were D2!X?"[ P  
          A   B     C   G!W[8UG  
  in what is now the United States. 5eoska#y   
    D qnJt5  
分析:C错,应改为were scarce。表语应该放在系动词后面。 )- viGxJ@  
xtE_=5$~  
所有的系动词分为三大类: !*m5F8Qm?A  
第一种:表示保持某种状态, ^ZhG>L*  
    is, remain, keep, stay, (m.ob+D  
    lie, exit(表示位于) 8:>1F,  
第二种,从一种状态转变到另一种状态 Q6AC(n@:FV  
    become, turn, grow, e 8]\U/  
    get (It is getting warmer and warmer) :x{NBvUIc  
4.h=&jz&  
第三种,感官动词 , GY h9  
    seem(好像是) /VzI'^  
    look(看起来好像是) j!4et;  
    feel, sound, appear, smell, taste f3{MvAy[  
enough修饰形容词或副词时,一般放在形容词或副词后面。 9@52Fg ;mj  
例: The eruptions of Mt. St. Helens were enough severe 'u_t<F ]b  
    A               B     /.i.TQ]  
   to cause numerous deaths. 5ish\"  
        C   D  ;F#7Px(q  
分析:B错,应改为sever enough。severe是形容词, enough放在severe后面。 Nwt" \3  
{>,V\J0p  
九、词性的混用 A~ +S1  
词汇量的掌握对词性的使用非常重要,但是如果对出题方向有更好的把握,将会弥补词汇量的不足。 (v|} \?L  
 2KN6}  
(一)做表语时形容词和副词的混用 {h2TD P  
做表语永远用形容词,绝对不能用副词; S_v'hlrrT  
[],1lRYI9_  
例:Giant pandas, which inhabit restricted areas of high ^;maotHn  
          A        B      uN^=<B?B  
  mountain bamboo forests, are rarely today and rBTeb0i?  
              C vRxM4O~"  
  when they are in captivity they breed poorly. bi&*9K0  
          D 0zCw>wBPW  
分析:错,应改为are rare。rarely为副词,不能作表语,故改为形容词rare(罕见的,稀少的) d,tU# N{Q6  
HU-QDp%*r7  
E+tB&  
(二)加宾语时名词和动名词的混用 C?=P  
后面加宾语当然要用动名词 aKlU X  
例:Tilling means preparation the soil to plant the seeds saAxGG  
         A       B      @]c(V%x   
  and keeping the soil in the best condition to 8kOKwEX  
          C        +|{RE.DL  
  help the crop grow until it is ready3 for harvesting.  6 XJ[h  
            D .R8 HZ}3  
分析:A错,应改为preparing。preparation为名词,后面不能接宾语,改为动名词preparing后既能接宾语,又与后面的keeping构成并列关系。 l?DJJ|>O  
_#s=h_ FD  
例:Langston Hughes, a prolific writer of the 1920's, d:q +  
            A       :@xm-.D  
   was concerned with the depicting the experience of !k(_PM  
      B      C ^*= 85iyo  
   urban Black people in the United States. Rek -`ki5F  
   D *tX{MSYW  
分析:C错,应改为depicting。 depicting在此为动名词,作介词宾语时不加冠词。注意此处还可以改为the depiction of,但略显累赘,因为后面还有of结构。The +动名词,这个动名词其实就变为了名词。 5P h X"7  
j! NO|&k  
oi&Wo'DX  
(三)表示时间时,状语从句连接词和近义的介词混用 >A q870n  
表示时间有两种可能, BtdXv4V  
一种是状语从句,由when and while引导,后面加句子 vhT_=:x  
另一种是由介词引导,如during,后面加名词, LsGiu9~S  
考试中往往就利用这个特点,总是给出相反的情况 Q2%QLM:.,  
_uu<4c   
例:Balloon observations for military intelligence NO K/<_/  
       A     B      <n\`d  
  were made while the American Civil War. l0Ti Z  
   C    D Hj1 EGCA  
分析:D错,应改为during。while是从属连词或并列连词,后面接句子,后面是名词短语时,应改为介词during。 jSQ9.%4  
>7U>Yh  
例:Some of the most celebrated publicity stunts while the zN_:nY>  
   A      B           C    8?Y['  
  history of radio were associated with Gracie Allen. DV]7.Bm  
          D :Ze+%d=  
分析:C错,应改为in。while为连词,后面要求接从句,而句中显然没有从句,故根据题意改为介词in。 8Chu"PM%-J  
$ Cjk  
i!dv0|_  
(四)对等连接词和近义的副词混用 Px' !;  
连接平行结构的词叫做对等连接词,但是如果出现else, also, instead等副词把这些结构连接起来行不行呢?当然不行。 AzpV4(:an.  
]&i+!$N_  
例:Mary McDowell shared Jane Addam's interest in social w.+Eyu_I\  
                   A     w3D]~&]  
  work also was a loyal supporter of the League of Nations. tllBCuAe  
     B   C    D Y5!b)vke  
分析:B错,应改为and。also是副词,不能连接并列的谓语动词,故改为并列连词and。 r<L#q)]  
[~k]{[NJ  
例:Paper is strong under tension instead crumples _b4fS'[  
   A        B   C      C@HD(..#  
  easily under the stress of compression. qGPb  
   D "t&{yBQ0u  
分析:C错,应改为but;题目意思是在拉力的作用下很强,而在压力的作用下容易起皱;instead, 副词不能连接两个动词并列,but 的对等连接词和and, or的用法是一样的 5y_"  
JAn1{<Ky  
^ZQCIS- R  
(五)表示人的名词和表示事物的词混用 bEr.nF  
?:|YGLaB  
例:An editor is customarily a brief newspaper or magazine j/<??v4F4  
    A         B (@ea|Fd#4  
  article that gives personal comments on current events. H$-$2?5  
          C            D + >sci  
分析:A错,应改为editorial。 editor的意思是“编辑”,根据题意改为名词editorial(社论)。 "L~@.W!@  
WhUa^  
bBE^^9G=Z  
例:For centuries, music have played acoustical guitars, -Q`C q |s  
         A y=o=1(  
  which produce sound from the vibration of the strings. rqvU8T7A  
   B      C      D 2_olT_#  
分析:A错,应改为musicians。music是抽象名词,意为“音乐”,不能表示复数要领显然应改为musicians(音乐家)。 -"Gl 4)  
1e$[p[  
(六) 只能用副词+数量词+名词;不能用形容词 qU6BA \ZL  
nearly two hundred students, 这里nearly修饰的是200; 2v|qLf e1  
two hundred diligent students
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