第三节 最高级 v93b8/1
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考点一 最高级的形式 W;u.@I&
一、英文中表示最的概念时,形容词要变为最高级,其形式主要有两种: e@3SF
在词尾加-est (单音节形容词), 如:low-lowest, late-latest, lucky-luckiest, fit-fittest; jz!I +
或在词之前加most (多音节形容词), 如:most important, most sensitive teok *'b:
少数词最高级形式特殊,如:good(well)-best, bad(ill)-worst, many(much)-most, little-least, etc. eMGJx "a
TOEFL经常会出现这样的搭配: most highest, 这是不对的,hightest已经是最高级,前面当然不能在加most. g->*@%?<w>
例题:
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(1) LnR>!0:c
The most easiest process for mining gold is panning, which involves using a circular '#Wx@
A B }Rh\JDiQ
dish with a small pocket at the bottom. XoN~d
C D <) * U/r
答案:A UyGo0POW
应改为:easiest. l b(
解释:easiest本身已是最高级, most纯属画蛇添足, 应去掉 Jm_)}dj3o
二、没有等级的形容词 (T1< (YZ
有些形容词本身就具有“比….年长”、“ 比…..优越”等含义,因此也就没有比较级和最高级。比如: inferior, superior, senior, anterior。这些形容词往往和to连用,而不和than连用。 @.;+WQE
有些形容词本身就具备“最、极”的含义,所以就没有最高级和比较级。如: # ~<
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absolute(绝对的), unique(独一无二的), infinite(无限的), round(圆的), right(对的), correct(正确的), wrong(错误的), perfect(完美的),这类形容词往往被称为绝对形容词 .fWy\r0
例题: s^u Y
Geoffrey Chaucer occupies a ---- place in English literature. O:?3B!wF
(A) most unique H(y`[B,}*
(B) unique
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(C) least unique qO{z{@jo55
(D)very unique v ,")XPY
答案: B 5FZw
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考点二 最高级前的限定词 qvn.uujYS
(1) 形容级做定语时, 最高级前通常要加定冠词the ,如: ny-:%A
the most important thing, the biggest elephant u=:f%l
但当最高级前有物主代词时,不需加the, 如: bZ*=fdh
my latest hobby, her most interesting experience 3d}v?q78
(2) 形容词作表语时,最高级前通常不加限定词 Sa g)}6+
如:She looks happiest whenever you are around. bq/Aopfr
Excuse me, but I'm busiest at the moment. j_JY[sex
例题: REW[`MBQ
(1) J,}h{-Xy`
Of all the Native Americans in the United States, the Navajos form largest group. HzTmNm)
A B C D ]}3s/NJi
答案: D 6n]
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应改为: form the largest V'vWz`#
解释: largest是最高级, 作group的定语, 之前必须加定冠词the d]DV\*v
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考点三 范围词 $d*9]M4
伴随最高级出现的往往有表示范围的词或短语,常用of 或among或 in 引导, 表示“在….之中”。 如:of all, in the world, in the country等, 在填空题的题干中包含表示范围的词时,空格处需填最高级 (=j;rfvP
例题: %,\JTN|g|A
(1) :a }](Wn
The Appalachian Trail, extending approximately 2, 020 miles from Maine to ZJ3g,
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A B
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Georgia, is the longer continuous marked footpath in the world. zj7ta[<tr
C D | N/d}
答案:C `*s:[k5k
应改为:longest. L-|l$Ti"
解释:本句有范围词in the world, 则定冠词the 之后应采用形容词最高级形式 B0Df7jr%`>
考点四 most的其他用法 r
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对于most来讲,除了构成某些词最高级外,most的用法有几点需要注意,经常成为改错题的考点: X.b8qbnq[
1. 当most表示大多数时,之前不加the, 并且有两种形式来表示大多数,分别为: gkr9+
most + 名词,如:most people, most Indian tribes; 'D21A8*N
most + of + 限定词 + 名词或代词,如:most of his paintings,most of us, most of the modern artists t\,Y<9{w
2. most有时意思等同于very, 此时most之前用不定冠词,如: Fx^wV^q3
a most lovely girl, a most impressive proposal *D|a`R!Y
例题: zM0}(5$m
(1) .8YxEnXw)(
The most substances expand in volume when they are heated. \OW:-
A B C D WZ-~F/:c%
答案:A q;68tEupR
应改为:Most cKVFykwM
解释:most只有在表示形容词最高级作定语时需加定冠词,此句表示“大多数”,没必要加the. ^*AI19w!Ys
(2) @_do<'a
The most often flour is made from wheat, but it may also be made from the seeds ?F05BS#)X
A B C .`IhxE~mN
of other cereal plants. E&8Nh J
D \HO)ss)"
答案:A ]o'o
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应改为:most. MG=E
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解释:the most 一般出现在最高级中, 此句most often为固定说法,意为经常 T1C_L?
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词汇:cereal: 谷类的
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the end. wa[L[mw
第三章 副词 {]\7
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副词和形容词有着千丝万缕的联系,相当比例的副词都是形容词加后缀-ly构成的,但副词在句中的作用却与形容词有较大区别,需细心领会:副词最主要的功能是作状语,用于修饰动词、形容词、副词、介词短语、甚至整个句子,这些都是形容词不可替代的作用,但切记在TOEFL题中不可修饰名词 4
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副词可大致分为时间副词(如:now, then, recently), 地点副词(如:here, upstairs, everywhere), 方式副词(如:carefully, rapidly, happily), 程度副词(如:much, quite, extremely), 疑问副词(如:how, when, where), 承接副词(如:besides, however, therefore)等等 "lt <$.
副词比较级和最高级的用法基本和形容词相同,形容词比较级的特殊句式同样适用于副词,稍有不同的是副词最高级前的the可用可不用,不用时居多。副词比较级和最高级作为考点的不多,但在题干中多次出现,可留心体会与形容词的区别和联系 t~L4wr{B
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第一节 副词修饰动词 7{<v$g$
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修饰动词是副词的最主要作用之一,此处动词的含义包括谓语动词、不定式中的动词,被动式或进行时中的分词形式的动词 ;n't
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例如:You can't possibly arrive there on time. (谓语动词) ykC3Z<pI.
It's inconvenient to contact him directly. (不定式中的动词) Q>$B.z
Her composition is frequently referred to as original. (被动式) My>q%lF=fw
改错题中常误用形容词修饰动词,要注意识别 @K <Onh`
例题: SA'g`
(1) Mst%]@TG
In the United States, sleds for recreation were first produced commercial in the vN(~}gOd\
A B C N5K(yY_T
1870's or thereabouts. bhD-;Y!6;
D -. *E<%
答案:C `i.fm1I]
应改为:commercially :Fhk$?/r
解释:形容词commercial不能修饰谓语动词produce, 需改为副词 T8m]f<
(2) :? )!yI
According to anthropologists, the earliest ancestors of humans that stood upright resembled chimpanzees ----, with sloping foreheads and protruding brows. (EcP'F*;;y
(A) facially S
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(B) their faces >8/Otg+h
(C) having facial 2Rw<0.i|
(D) they had faces uQ3sRJi
答案:A 2D%2k
解释:resemble一词是本句的谓语动词, 已有了宾语chimpanzees, 之后需要的只可能是用来补充说明的非谓语, B、D可先排除; facial是形容词, 不能作have的宾语, 因此C肯定不对; A是副词, 恰好修饰动词作状语 s=)W
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第二节 程度副词much等 ~U w<e~
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程度副词much, still, far, a little, a bit 的特殊之处在于:可用来修饰比较级,表示加强或减弱程度。 如: I'm much clearer about the situation now. (^W}uDPCB
She's not a bit more rational than you were. W!HjO;
注意:much不能加形容词原形代替比较级 P]m{\K
比如想说更有耐心:不能够说much patient, 而应该说more patient; gH7 +#/
同时more也不能替代much修饰比较级, SOG(&)b
比如要说低得多:不能说more lower , 而应该说much lower; %!
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例句:She is far better than me at English. ( 在英语方面她比我好的多) *Z"cXg^ti
例题: wDi/oH/H
(1) r3x;lICx-
Watercolors dry more faster than other paints. JjZB!Lg=
A B C D |
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答案:C ;F1y!h67<
应改为:much faster +8ib928E
解释:比较级more不能修饰比较级faster, 应改为程度副词much KPy)%i
(2) ,>#\aO1n
Reptiles are widely distributed all over the world, but are much abundant in warm .4ww5k>
A B ri-&3%%z<
regions and are virtually absent beyond the treeline in the Arctic. 8r>\scS
C D )}$rgYKJ
答案:B i9 CQ~
应改为:more. b`%u}^B {
解释:much作为形容词不能修饰另一个形容词, 而作副词时只能修饰形容词比较级, 如much better, much more expensive, 依句意是要将爬行动物在温带地区和寒带地区的分布加以对比, 因此改为比较级more abundant vg?(0Gasm*
(3) 0X99D2c
Aluminum is the most abundant metal in the crust of the Earth, but the nonmetals _LgP
A B C "&XhMw4
oxygen and silicon are more still abundant. \$Ky AWrZi
D ;R&W#Q7>3
考点:程度副词 <9H3d7%
答案:D pno}`Cer
应改为:still more ~:,}?9
解释:程度副词still修饰比较级more时,应置于其前, 7gLk~*
词汇:crust: 地壳 silicon: 硅 Q2oo\
(4) 5o{U$
A goose's neck is a tiny longer than that of a duck and not so gracefully curved as a )M.g<[=^
A B C D
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swan's. ,;YNI
考点:程度副词 <% mD#S
答案:A QgH{J80
应改为:little ^Rl?)_)1HE
解释:形容词tiny不能修饰比较级longer, 应改用程度副词a little X9c
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词汇:gracefully: 优雅地, swan: 天鹅