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主题 : 语法3(未完 )
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楼主  发表于: 2007-09-22   

语法3(未完 )

第三节 最高级 <:-&yDh u  
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考点一 最高级的形式 i+3b)xtW7  
一、英文中表示最的概念时,形容词要变为最高级,其形式主要有两种: 6 dMpd4"\  
在词尾加-est (单音节形容词), 如:low-lowest, late-latest, lucky-luckiest, fit-fittest; ,fFJSY^  
或在词之前加most (多音节形容词), 如:most important, most sensitive GssoT<Y)Z  
少数词最高级形式特殊,如:good(well)-best, bad(ill)-worst, many(much)-most, little-least, etc. + P.I r  
TOEFL经常会出现这样的搭配: most highest, 这是不对的,hightest已经是最高级,前面当然不能在加most. 5S bSz!s`$  
例题: kfV}w,  
(1) +.St"f/1  
The most easiest process for mining gold is panning, which involves using a circular J( 60eTwQ  
    A                          B 8nM]G4H.f  
dish with a small pocket at the bottom. T^t`H p  
 C          D 4esf&-gG  
答案:A L^}kwu#  
应改为:easiest. mi?Fy 0\  
解释:easiest本身已是最高级, most纯属画蛇添足, 应去掉 ~Tolz H!  
二、没有等级的形容词 5/<Y,eZ/  
有些形容词本身就具有“比….年长”、“ 比…..优越”等含义,因此也就没有比较级和最高级。比如: inferior, superior, senior, anterior。这些形容词往往和to连用,而不和than连用。 de[_T%A  
有些形容词本身就具备“最、极”的含义,所以就没有最高级和比较级。如: $ a7^3  
absolute(绝对的), unique(独一无二的), infinite(无限的), round(圆的), right(对的), correct(正确的), wrong(错误的), perfect(完美的),这类形容词往往被称为绝对形容词 UF4QPPH4  
例题: h/ic-iH(>  
Geoffrey Chaucer occupies a ---- place in English literature. :tMWy m  
(A) most unique j*nC IxF  
(B) unique N?p $-{  
(C) least unique XUWza=BR"  
(D)very unique h fNBWN  
答案: B mz''-1YY$  
bbnAmZ   
考点二 最高级前的限定词 <GC: aG  
(1) 形容级做定语时, 最高级前通常要加定冠词the ,如: TG($l2  
the most important thing, the biggest elephant SVJ3!1B,  
但当最高级前有物主代词时,不需加the, 如: rmhB!Lo  
my latest hobby, her most interesting experience : &]%E/  
(2) 形容词作表语时,最高级前通常不加限定词 #t\Oq9}^  
如:She looks happiest whenever you are around. DvGtO)5._  
    Excuse me, but I'm busiest at the moment. 2ZnTT {]_m  
例题: HV>Wf"1  
(1) a)xN(xp##  
  Of all the Native Americans in the United States, the Navajos form largest group. 7be?=c)+"  
  A  B         C              D 6Rso}hF}}  
答案: D 7G xNI  
应改为: form the largest rv^j&X+EH  
解释: largest是最高级, 作group的定语, 之前必须加定冠词the $`i&\O2*  
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考点三 范围词 edch'H^2+P  
伴随最高级出现的往往有表示范围的词或短语,常用of 或among或 in 引导, 表示“在….之中”。 如:of all, in the world, in the country等, 在填空题的题干中包含表示范围的词时,空格处需填最高级 $0WAhq  
例题: _)ERi*}x8  
(1) 0tA+11Iu  
The Appalachian Trail, extending approximately 2, 020 miles from Maine to *l|CrUa  
            A            B        ]wP)!UZ  
Georgia, is the longer continuous marked footpath in the world. >_R5Li  
         C    D R|_?yV[  
答案:C qsJo)SA  
应改为:longest. |*!I(wm2i  
解释:本句有范围词in the world, 则定冠词the 之后应采用形容词最高级形式 6$IAm#  
考点四 most的其他用法 yfq"at j  
对于most来讲,除了构成某些词最高级外,most的用法有几点需要注意,经常成为改错题的考点: @]~\H-8  
1.       当most表示大多数时,之前不加the, 并且有两种形式来表示大多数,分别为: DS^P Hk39  
most + 名词,如:most people, most Indian tribes; W8\K_M}  
most + of + 限定词 + 名词或代词,如:most of his paintings,most of us, most of the modern artists ( CEJg|,  
2. most有时意思等同于very, 此时most之前用不定冠词,如: J)66\h=  
a most lovely girl, a most impressive proposal Z$T1nm%lo:  
例题: D=e&"V a  
(1) op[5]tjL  
  The most substances expand in volume when they are heated. v 50=D/&w  
   A        B   C     D .aF+>#V=Q  
答案:A 8J Gt|,  
应改为:Most $/6.4" j  
解释:most只有在表示形容词最高级作定语时需加定冠词,此句表示“大多数”,没必要加the. 7` &K=( .  
(2) MAhcwmZNy  
The most often flour is made from wheat, but it may also be made from the seeds Q4C28-#  
   A       B              C z6$W@-Vd  
 of other cereal plants. -k= 02?0p+  
  D R9~%ORI#;  
答案:A 8 yQjB-,#  
应改为:most. m8fxDepFA  
解释:the most 一般出现在最高级中, 此句most often为固定说法,意为经常 o`7Bvh2  
词汇:cereal: 谷类的 0[ jy  
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the end. W& w -yZ  
第三章 副词 r1 )Og  
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副词和形容词有着千丝万缕的联系,相当比例的副词都是形容词加后缀-ly构成的,但副词在句中的作用却与形容词有较大区别,需细心领会:副词最主要的功能是作状语,用于修饰动词、形容词、副词、介词短语、甚至整个句子,这些都是形容词不可替代的作用,但切记在TOEFL题中不可修饰名词 )k{zRq:d  
副词可大致分为时间副词(如:now, then, recently), 地点副词(如:here, upstairs, everywhere), 方式副词(如:carefully, rapidly, happily), 程度副词(如:much, quite, extremely), 疑问副词(如:how, when, where), 承接副词(如:besides, however, therefore)等等 =EgiV<6vcH  
副词比较级和最高级的用法基本和形容词相同,形容词比较级的特殊句式同样适用于副词,稍有不同的是副词最高级前的the可用可不用,不用时居多。副词比较级和最高级作为考点的不多,但在题干中多次出现,可留心体会与形容词的区别和联系 ~Qeyh^wo  
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第一节 副词修饰动词 QD-#sU]  
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修饰动词是副词的最主要作用之一,此处动词的含义包括谓语动词、不定式中的动词,被动式或进行时中的分词形式的动词 tgKmC I  
例如:You can't possibly arrive there on time. (谓语动词) |/5j0  
It's inconvenient to contact him directly. (不定式中的动词) s8Xort&   
Her composition is frequently referred to as original. (被动式) LcI,Dy|P  
改错题中常误用形容词修饰动词,要注意识别 TU&gj1   
例题: q4C$-W%rj  
(1) |9$K'+'  
In the United States, sleds for recreation were first produced commercial in the tT>~;l%'  
             A        B    C e?rp$kq7  
 1870's or thereabouts. v `9IS+Z  
      D R-+k>_96|  
答案:C VQI  
应改为:commercially 3iMh)YH5b  
解释:形容词commercial不能修饰谓语动词produce, 需改为副词 fH-V!QYGF  
(2) I"eXoqh  
According to anthropologists, the earliest ancestors of humans that stood upright resembled chimpanzees ----, with sloping foreheads and protruding brows. h(*!s`1  
(A) facially tG+ E'OP  
(B) their faces }D-h=,];  
(C) having facial &_n~#Mex  
(D) they had faces n@r'b{2;l  
答案:A `'H"|WsT  
解释:resemble一词是本句的谓语动词, 已有了宾语chimpanzees, 之后需要的只可能是用来补充说明的非谓语, B、D可先排除; facial是形容词, 不能作have的宾语, 因此C肯定不对; A是副词, 恰好修饰动词作状语 z'GYU=  
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第二节 程度副词much等 ~vgm; O  
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程度副词much, still, far, a little, a bit 的特殊之处在于:可用来修饰比较级,表示加强或减弱程度。 如: I'm much clearer about the situation now. !B_i~Rmg  
She's not a bit more rational than you were. AC :cV='  
注意:much不能加形容词原形代替比较级 OLp;eb1g  
比如想说更有耐心:不能够说much patient, 而应该说more patient; /ZlPEs)  
同时more也不能替代much修饰比较级, c~bi ~ f  
比如要说低得多:不能说more lower , 而应该说much lower; `&]<_Jc1  
例句:She is far better than me at English. ( 在英语方面她比我好的多) @LZ'Qc }@  
例题: L>VZ-j  
(1) w],+lN;  
Watercolors dry more faster than other paints. n<\ W Vi  
   A    B   C    D =>Ss:SGjT  
答案:C S?_/Po |  
应改为:much faster e%. Xya#\  
解释:比较级more不能修饰比较级faster, 应改为程度副词much ~u| k1  
(2) )pELCk  
Reptiles are widely distributed all over the world, but are much abundant in warm ,Yx"3i,  
        A                 B {!h|(xqN+  
  regions and are virtually absent beyond the treeline in the Arctic. T;!7GW4E ?  
          C     D 5MUM{(C  
答案:B p4mlS  
应改为:more. }@Rq'VPZd  
解释:much作为形容词不能修饰另一个形容词, 而作副词时只能修饰形容词比较级, 如much better, much more expensive, 依句意是要将爬行动物在温带地区和寒带地区的分布加以对比, 因此改为比较级more abundant ?M?S+@(  
(3) IRy!8A=X  
Aluminum is the most abundant metal in the crust of the Earth, but the nonmetals m]LR4V6k|  
         A          B      C qIEe7;DO  
oxygen and silicon are more still abundant. zGKDH=Yy ;  
            D iEd%8 F h  
考点:程度副词 oS3}xT" U  
答案:D ,=o)R,[  
应改为:still more l"9.zPvT<  
解释:程度副词still修饰比较级more时,应置于其前, }py6H[  
词汇:crust: 地壳 silicon: 硅 "XQj ~L  
(4) +bC-_xGuh  
A goose's neck is a tiny longer than that of a duck and not so gracefully curved as a FtBYPSGz  
        A      B          C      D )nJo\HFXv  
swan's. iaShxoIV  
考点:程度副词 }*vUOQQp*  
答案:A ="%nW3e@  
应改为:little j TVh`d< N  
解释:形容词tiny不能修饰比较级longer, 应改用程度副词a little k&Z3v.  
词汇:gracefully: 优雅地, swan: 天鹅
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