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楼主  发表于: 2007-09-22   

语法3(未完 )

第三节 最高级 0Ge*\Q  
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考点一 最高级的形式 Cbm  
一、英文中表示最的概念时,形容词要变为最高级,其形式主要有两种: #&0)kr66  
在词尾加-est (单音节形容词), 如:low-lowest, late-latest, lucky-luckiest, fit-fittest; `}.K@17  
或在词之前加most (多音节形容词), 如:most important, most sensitive In^MZ)?  
少数词最高级形式特殊,如:good(well)-best, bad(ill)-worst, many(much)-most, little-least, etc. I"Y d6M% ;  
TOEFL经常会出现这样的搭配: most highest, 这是不对的,hightest已经是最高级,前面当然不能在加most.  hLFf  
例题: kK&tB  
(1) P7QOlTQI  
The most easiest process for mining gold is panning, which involves using a circular g]85[xz  
    A                          B geU-T\1[l  
dish with a small pocket at the bottom. <GPL8 D  
 C          D pw{3I 2Ix  
答案:A #\N?ka}!  
应改为:easiest. Z l.}=  
解释:easiest本身已是最高级, most纯属画蛇添足, 应去掉 ^@ s!"c  
二、没有等级的形容词 K y~ 9's  
有些形容词本身就具有“比….年长”、“ 比…..优越”等含义,因此也就没有比较级和最高级。比如: inferior, superior, senior, anterior。这些形容词往往和to连用,而不和than连用。 & i"33.#]  
有些形容词本身就具备“最、极”的含义,所以就没有最高级和比较级。如: c+?L?s`"  
absolute(绝对的), unique(独一无二的), infinite(无限的), round(圆的), right(对的), correct(正确的), wrong(错误的), perfect(完美的),这类形容词往往被称为绝对形容词 Q1EY!AV8  
例题: #Z<pks2 y  
Geoffrey Chaucer occupies a ---- place in English literature. %y.9S=,v,  
(A) most unique -B :Z(]3#\  
(B) unique XRXKO>4q  
(C) least unique #S2LQ5U  
(D)very unique y_J~n 9R  
答案: B yveyAsN`B  
W!q 'wrIx(  
考点二 最高级前的限定词 @+~=h{jv<  
(1) 形容级做定语时, 最高级前通常要加定冠词the ,如: ya5a7  
the most important thing, the biggest elephant q# gZ\V$I  
但当最高级前有物主代词时,不需加the, 如: 2!f0!<te  
my latest hobby, her most interesting experience Fn$/ K  
(2) 形容词作表语时,最高级前通常不加限定词 k$:QpTg[  
如:She looks happiest whenever you are around. jENarB^As  
    Excuse me, but I'm busiest at the moment. wpu]{~Y  
例题: i,rP/A^q  
(1) u dtsq"U_%  
  Of all the Native Americans in the United States, the Navajos form largest group. $de_>  
  A  B         C              D s([9 /ED  
答案: D Z)'jn8?P  
应改为: form the largest EA7]o.Nm*{  
解释: largest是最高级, 作group的定语, 之前必须加定冠词the ?15k~1nA  
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考点三 范围词 <y'B !d#  
伴随最高级出现的往往有表示范围的词或短语,常用of 或among或 in 引导, 表示“在….之中”。 如:of all, in the world, in the country等, 在填空题的题干中包含表示范围的词时,空格处需填最高级 }D dg  
例题: Noz+\O\  
(1) [?Y u3E\  
The Appalachian Trail, extending approximately 2, 020 miles from Maine to qTC`[l  
            A            B        R4!qm0Cd  
Georgia, is the longer continuous marked footpath in the world. n4YEu\*  
         C    D 95(c{ l/  
答案:C efMv1>{  
应改为:longest. C fQj7{  
解释:本句有范围词in the world, 则定冠词the 之后应采用形容词最高级形式 FePJ8  
考点四 most的其他用法 o"[P++qd  
对于most来讲,除了构成某些词最高级外,most的用法有几点需要注意,经常成为改错题的考点: 3Zsqx =w  
1.       当most表示大多数时,之前不加the, 并且有两种形式来表示大多数,分别为: xp/u, q  
most + 名词,如:most people, most Indian tribes; >IfJ.g"  
most + of + 限定词 + 名词或代词,如:most of his paintings,most of us, most of the modern artists l1jS2O(  
2. most有时意思等同于very, 此时most之前用不定冠词,如: IOF~V)8k=  
a most lovely girl, a most impressive proposal L"zOa90ig  
例题: +>z/54R  
(1) HT A-L>Cee  
  The most substances expand in volume when they are heated. 9rB^)eV  
   A        B   C     D <S $Z  
答案:A pSQ3 SM  
应改为:Most N<Bi.\XC  
解释:most只有在表示形容词最高级作定语时需加定冠词,此句表示“大多数”,没必要加the. 7`X"B*`~b  
(2) C'n 9n!hR  
The most often flour is made from wheat, but it may also be made from the seeds a9QaFs"  
   A       B              C  i+(`"8W  
 of other cereal plants. z&<Rx[  
  D NXeo&+F  
答案:A 5 F^,7A4I0  
应改为:most. J)(]cW.  
解释:the most 一般出现在最高级中, 此句most often为固定说法,意为经常 68I4MZK>4  
词汇:cereal: 谷类的 2#/ KS^  
]-x#zp;=  
the end. JB%6G|Z  
第三章 副词 d /t'N-m  
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副词和形容词有着千丝万缕的联系,相当比例的副词都是形容词加后缀-ly构成的,但副词在句中的作用却与形容词有较大区别,需细心领会:副词最主要的功能是作状语,用于修饰动词、形容词、副词、介词短语、甚至整个句子,这些都是形容词不可替代的作用,但切记在TOEFL题中不可修饰名词 ^~BJu#uVyy  
副词可大致分为时间副词(如:now, then, recently), 地点副词(如:here, upstairs, everywhere), 方式副词(如:carefully, rapidly, happily), 程度副词(如:much, quite, extremely), 疑问副词(如:how, when, where), 承接副词(如:besides, however, therefore)等等 ^D.B^BR  
副词比较级和最高级的用法基本和形容词相同,形容词比较级的特殊句式同样适用于副词,稍有不同的是副词最高级前的the可用可不用,不用时居多。副词比较级和最高级作为考点的不多,但在题干中多次出现,可留心体会与形容词的区别和联系 l*X5<b9  
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第一节 副词修饰动词 +nJ}+|@K  
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修饰动词是副词的最主要作用之一,此处动词的含义包括谓语动词、不定式中的动词,被动式或进行时中的分词形式的动词 |0qk  
例如:You can't possibly arrive there on time. (谓语动词) (O`=$e  
It's inconvenient to contact him directly. (不定式中的动词) FswFY7 8  
Her composition is frequently referred to as original. (被动式) x,7a xx6  
改错题中常误用形容词修饰动词,要注意识别 =<e#  2  
例题: Ok:@F/ v  
(1) m   
In the United States, sleds for recreation were first produced commercial in the |23 }~c,  
             A        B    C vG\Wr.h0!=  
 1870's or thereabouts. yS3x))  
      D h M8G"b  
答案:C E'r* g{,  
应改为:commercially <0kRky$  
解释:形容词commercial不能修饰谓语动词produce, 需改为副词 !Uj !Oy  
(2) VX>_Sp s  
According to anthropologists, the earliest ancestors of humans that stood upright resembled chimpanzees ----, with sloping foreheads and protruding brows. Me`"@{r|#  
(A) facially M?\)&2f[Z  
(B) their faces KBJ|P^W5j  
(C) having facial lN1zfM  
(D) they had faces DI&xTe9k  
答案:A =riP~%_ML)  
解释:resemble一词是本句的谓语动词, 已有了宾语chimpanzees, 之后需要的只可能是用来补充说明的非谓语, B、D可先排除; facial是形容词, 不能作have的宾语, 因此C肯定不对; A是副词, 恰好修饰动词作状语 @DUdgPA  
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第二节 程度副词much等 NF a ;  
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程度副词much, still, far, a little, a bit 的特殊之处在于:可用来修饰比较级,表示加强或减弱程度。 如: I'm much clearer about the situation now. wR4P0 [  
She's not a bit more rational than you were. pGcc6q1  
注意:much不能加形容词原形代替比较级 oqY?#p/  
比如想说更有耐心:不能够说much patient, 而应该说more patient; b%_QL3 m6  
同时more也不能替代much修饰比较级, MkYem6  
比如要说低得多:不能说more lower , 而应该说much lower; '&9 a%  
例句:She is far better than me at English. ( 在英语方面她比我好的多) PIrUls0}  
例题: i ;tA<-$-  
(1) ( ou:"Y  
Watercolors dry more faster than other paints. Pw7'6W1  
   A    B   C    D ^twv0>vEo  
答案:C B`WfJ2*2  
应改为:much faster /Z% ?;  
解释:比较级more不能修饰比较级faster, 应改为程度副词much wYxizNv,  
(2) FU[,,a0<<  
Reptiles are widely distributed all over the world, but are much abundant in warm feopO j6~+  
        A                 B h1kPsgzR  
  regions and are virtually absent beyond the treeline in the Arctic. ?I0 i%nH  
          C     D $Us@fJr  
答案:B eHJ7L8#  
应改为:more. ."^dJ |fN  
解释:much作为形容词不能修饰另一个形容词, 而作副词时只能修饰形容词比较级, 如much better, much more expensive, 依句意是要将爬行动物在温带地区和寒带地区的分布加以对比, 因此改为比较级more abundant N 4v)0  
(3) 4l1=l#\S  
Aluminum is the most abundant metal in the crust of the Earth, but the nonmetals ~p A;j7*  
         A          B      C Gu}x+hG  
oxygen and silicon are more still abundant. *~cs8<.!1  
            D Y-Ku2m  
考点:程度副词 bc4x"]!  
答案:D Hb+#*42v  
应改为:still more "[?/I3 {E  
解释:程度副词still修饰比较级more时,应置于其前, oU@ljSD  
词汇:crust: 地壳 silicon: 硅 0oJ^a^|  
(4) T"H )g  
A goose's neck is a tiny longer than that of a duck and not so gracefully curved as a &a=e=nR5  
        A      B          C      D U+"=  
swan's. rH9}nL  
考点:程度副词 o1WidJ"  
答案:A M#cr*%  
应改为:little -p.*<y  
解释:形容词tiny不能修饰比较级longer, 应改用程度副词a little 8>{W:?I  
词汇:gracefully: 优雅地, swan: 天鹅
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