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主题 : 语法3(未完 )
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楼主  发表于: 2007-09-22   

语法3(未完 )

第三节 最高级 T?5F0WKi  
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考点一 最高级的形式 t;ga>^NA"  
一、英文中表示最的概念时,形容词要变为最高级,其形式主要有两种: QaEXk5>e  
在词尾加-est (单音节形容词), 如:low-lowest, late-latest, lucky-luckiest, fit-fittest; }S&SL)  
或在词之前加most (多音节形容词), 如:most important, most sensitive }fxH>79g  
少数词最高级形式特殊,如:good(well)-best, bad(ill)-worst, many(much)-most, little-least, etc. wY}+d0Ch  
TOEFL经常会出现这样的搭配: most highest, 这是不对的,hightest已经是最高级,前面当然不能在加most. f.r-,%^6{  
例题: 8c$IsvJg  
(1) r>q`# ~  
The most easiest process for mining gold is panning, which involves using a circular MN)<Tr2f  
    A                          B !*#=7^#  
dish with a small pocket at the bottom. ^jhHaN]G^  
 C          D &c@I4RV|q  
答案:A p|bpE F=U  
应改为:easiest. AAl`bhx'n  
解释:easiest本身已是最高级, most纯属画蛇添足, 应去掉 $S cjEG:6  
二、没有等级的形容词 &k{@:z  
有些形容词本身就具有“比….年长”、“ 比…..优越”等含义,因此也就没有比较级和最高级。比如: inferior, superior, senior, anterior。这些形容词往往和to连用,而不和than连用。 B'0Il"g'  
有些形容词本身就具备“最、极”的含义,所以就没有最高级和比较级。如: bFx?HM.AGW  
absolute(绝对的), unique(独一无二的), infinite(无限的), round(圆的), right(对的), correct(正确的), wrong(错误的), perfect(完美的),这类形容词往往被称为绝对形容词 ZyWC_r!  
例题: Ia"bP` L  
Geoffrey Chaucer occupies a ---- place in English literature. _bz,G"w+:  
(A) most unique Q Y fS-  
(B) unique ^ pR&  
(C) least unique 1Q$ M/}  
(D)very unique ff hD+-gTU  
答案: B Tuy*Df  
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考点二 最高级前的限定词 ?{dno=  
(1) 形容级做定语时, 最高级前通常要加定冠词the ,如: Ywr{/  
the most important thing, the biggest elephant 7I  
但当最高级前有物主代词时,不需加the, 如: vNt2s) J$  
my latest hobby, her most interesting experience ']NM_0  
(2) 形容词作表语时,最高级前通常不加限定词 pQhv3F  
如:She looks happiest whenever you are around. yiUdUw/  
    Excuse me, but I'm busiest at the moment. U#P#YpD;==  
例题: sig_2;  
(1) \3/9lE|gh  
  Of all the Native Americans in the United States, the Navajos form largest group. EIfrZg7R  
  A  B         C              D L$Q+R'  
答案: D '37b[~k4  
应改为: form the largest P;/T`R=Vr"  
解释: largest是最高级, 作group的定语, 之前必须加定冠词the hg~fFj3ST  
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考点三 范围词 m~K]|]iqQ  
伴随最高级出现的往往有表示范围的词或短语,常用of 或among或 in 引导, 表示“在….之中”。 如:of all, in the world, in the country等, 在填空题的题干中包含表示范围的词时,空格处需填最高级 CAA~VEUL  
例题: S 7vE[VF5  
(1) SOL=3hfb^  
The Appalachian Trail, extending approximately 2, 020 miles from Maine to /~[R u  
            A            B        wGH@I_cy>  
Georgia, is the longer continuous marked footpath in the world. u| c+w)a  
         C    D a6d KQ3D  
答案:C ||=Duk  
应改为:longest. 1^3#3duV  
解释:本句有范围词in the world, 则定冠词the 之后应采用形容词最高级形式 [}p.*U_nw  
考点四 most的其他用法 EoeEg,'~F  
对于most来讲,除了构成某些词最高级外,most的用法有几点需要注意,经常成为改错题的考点: 3@L%#]xwi  
1.       当most表示大多数时,之前不加the, 并且有两种形式来表示大多数,分别为: (% P=#vZ  
most + 名词,如:most people, most Indian tribes; wrU[#g,uvr  
most + of + 限定词 + 名词或代词,如:most of his paintings,most of us, most of the modern artists pg)g&ifKl  
2. most有时意思等同于very, 此时most之前用不定冠词,如: bB-v ar  
a most lovely girl, a most impressive proposal ;>9pJ72r  
例题: }nl)*l  
(1) d ] ;pG(  
  The most substances expand in volume when they are heated. G m! ]   
   A        B   C     D =jt_1L4  
答案:A FF/R_xnx  
应改为:Most "S:N- Tf%U  
解释:most只有在表示形容词最高级作定语时需加定冠词,此句表示“大多数”,没必要加the. 'wrpW#  
(2) 6,1|y%(f  
The most often flour is made from wheat, but it may also be made from the seeds (K6S tNtN  
   A       B              C 9lCKz !E  
 of other cereal plants. RzQS@^u*F0  
  D Zd ,=  
答案:A oFR'GUQC  
应改为:most. j:3Hm0W3  
解释:the most 一般出现在最高级中, 此句most often为固定说法,意为经常 D:tZiS=0  
词汇:cereal: 谷类的 V&v~kzLr+  
gq3OCA!cX  
the end. >:&p(eu)L0  
第三章 副词 l0if#?4\r  
L"%eQHEC&  
副词和形容词有着千丝万缕的联系,相当比例的副词都是形容词加后缀-ly构成的,但副词在句中的作用却与形容词有较大区别,需细心领会:副词最主要的功能是作状语,用于修饰动词、形容词、副词、介词短语、甚至整个句子,这些都是形容词不可替代的作用,但切记在TOEFL题中不可修饰名词 +lJ]-U|P  
副词可大致分为时间副词(如:now, then, recently), 地点副词(如:here, upstairs, everywhere), 方式副词(如:carefully, rapidly, happily), 程度副词(如:much, quite, extremely), 疑问副词(如:how, when, where), 承接副词(如:besides, however, therefore)等等 J6D$ i+  
副词比较级和最高级的用法基本和形容词相同,形容词比较级的特殊句式同样适用于副词,稍有不同的是副词最高级前的the可用可不用,不用时居多。副词比较级和最高级作为考点的不多,但在题干中多次出现,可留心体会与形容词的区别和联系 ilpZ/Rs  
*%'7~58ObS  
第一节 副词修饰动词 C)p<M H <  
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修饰动词是副词的最主要作用之一,此处动词的含义包括谓语动词、不定式中的动词,被动式或进行时中的分词形式的动词 Q$/FgS  
例如:You can't possibly arrive there on time. (谓语动词) b2%bgs  
It's inconvenient to contact him directly. (不定式中的动词) 6RQCKN)  
Her composition is frequently referred to as original. (被动式) q<[ke   
改错题中常误用形容词修饰动词,要注意识别 f ?zK "  
例题: M`pTT5r  
(1) +gCy@_2;  
In the United States, sleds for recreation were first produced commercial in the E/$@ud|l"  
             A        B    C lY9M<8g  
 1870's or thereabouts.  >E ;o"  
      D >@"3Q`  
答案:C Y_>-p(IH  
应改为:commercially 6ri?y=-c  
解释:形容词commercial不能修饰谓语动词produce, 需改为副词 He-Ja  
(2) | 4oM+n ;Y  
According to anthropologists, the earliest ancestors of humans that stood upright resembled chimpanzees ----, with sloping foreheads and protruding brows. uNZ>oP>  
(A) facially jI2gi1 ,a  
(B) their faces Q*&aC|b&  
(C) having facial 7a]Zws  
(D) they had faces .O%1)p  
答案:A 3et2\wOX1x  
解释:resemble一词是本句的谓语动词, 已有了宾语chimpanzees, 之后需要的只可能是用来补充说明的非谓语, B、D可先排除; facial是形容词, 不能作have的宾语, 因此C肯定不对; A是副词, 恰好修饰动词作状语 m-S33PG{  
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第二节 程度副词much等 .Jat^iFj0  
0H&U=9'YT  
程度副词much, still, far, a little, a bit 的特殊之处在于:可用来修饰比较级,表示加强或减弱程度。 如: I'm much clearer about the situation now. 'Kzr-)JS  
She's not a bit more rational than you were.  1C,C)  
注意:much不能加形容词原形代替比较级 5v>{Z0TE[6  
比如想说更有耐心:不能够说much patient, 而应该说more patient; G9y12HV  
同时more也不能替代much修饰比较级, +V+*7s%fL  
比如要说低得多:不能说more lower , 而应该说much lower; eo*u(@  
例句:She is far better than me at English. ( 在英语方面她比我好的多) s@)"IdSA(  
例题: !k= 0X\5L  
(1) ^Im%D(MY  
Watercolors dry more faster than other paints. :CkR4J!m3  
   A    B   C    D ,[}yf#8@J  
答案:C Gz[ym j)5  
应改为:much faster F`BgKH!  
解释:比较级more不能修饰比较级faster, 应改为程度副词much mQ ^ @ \s  
(2) w^' ?4M!  
Reptiles are widely distributed all over the world, but are much abundant in warm x#j\"$dla  
        A                 B 4j/iG\  
  regions and are virtually absent beyond the treeline in the Arctic. <` p75B  
          C     D qzH qj;  
答案:B Zu0;/_rN  
应改为:more. |:e|~sism  
解释:much作为形容词不能修饰另一个形容词, 而作副词时只能修饰形容词比较级, 如much better, much more expensive, 依句意是要将爬行动物在温带地区和寒带地区的分布加以对比, 因此改为比较级more abundant io9xI3{  
(3) :<t{ =0G  
Aluminum is the most abundant metal in the crust of the Earth, but the nonmetals Nr]8P/[~  
         A          B      C H7yg9zFT N  
oxygen and silicon are more still abundant. b,rH&+2H  
            D s?@)a,C%k  
考点:程度副词 g P %|:"  
答案:D da00p-U  
应改为:still more R*Xu( 89  
解释:程度副词still修饰比较级more时,应置于其前, (! 0j4'  
词汇:crust: 地壳 silicon: 硅 9b"9m*gC  
(4) 4{*tn"y  
A goose's neck is a tiny longer than that of a duck and not so gracefully curved as a {HIR>])o  
        A      B          C      D ]<8B-D? Z  
swan's. $*AC>i\  
考点:程度副词 M q^|M~  
答案:A $>'")7z  
应改为:little SLJ&{`"7  
解释:形容词tiny不能修饰比较级longer, 应改用程度副词a little pK6e/eC  
词汇:gracefully: 优雅地, swan: 天鹅
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