第三节 最高级 <:-&yDh u
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考点一 最高级的形式 i+3b)xtW7
一、英文中表示最的概念时,形容词要变为最高级,其形式主要有两种: 6dMpd4"\
在词尾加-est (单音节形容词), 如:low-lowest, late-latest, lucky-luckiest, fit-fittest; ,fFJSY^
或在词之前加most (多音节形容词), 如:most important, most sensitive GssoT<Y)Z
少数词最高级形式特殊,如:good(well)-best, bad(ill)-worst, many(much)-most, little-least, etc. +P.I
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TOEFL经常会出现这样的搭配: most highest, 这是不对的,hightest已经是最高级,前面当然不能在加most. 5S bSz!s`$
例题: kfV}w,
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The most easiest process for mining gold is panning, which involves using a circular J(60eTwQ
A B 8nM]G4H.f
dish with a small pocket at the bottom. T^t`Hp
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答案:A L^}kwu#
应改为:easiest. mi?Fy
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解释:easiest本身已是最高级, most纯属画蛇添足, 应去掉 ~Tolz H!
二、没有等级的形容词 5/<Y,eZ/
有些形容词本身就具有“比….年长”、“ 比…..优越”等含义,因此也就没有比较级和最高级。比如: inferior, superior, senior, anterior。这些形容词往往和to连用,而不和than连用。 de[_T%A
有些形容词本身就具备“最、极”的含义,所以就没有最高级和比较级。如: $
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absolute(绝对的), unique(独一无二的), infinite(无限的), round(圆的), right(对的), correct(正确的), wrong(错误的), perfect(完美的),这类形容词往往被称为绝对形容词 UF4QPPH4
例题: h/ic-iH(>
Geoffrey Chaucer occupies a ---- place in English literature. :tMWy
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(A) most unique j*nC
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(B) unique N?p$-{
(C) least unique XUWza=BR"
(D)very unique h fNBWN
答案: B mz''-1YY$
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考点二 最高级前的限定词 <GC:
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(1) 形容级做定语时, 最高级前通常要加定冠词the ,如: TG($l2
the most important thing, the biggest elephant SVJ3!1B,
但当最高级前有物主代词时,不需加the, 如: r mhB!Lo
my latest hobby, her most interesting experience :&]%E/
(2) 形容词作表语时,最高级前通常不加限定词 #t\Oq9}^
如:She looks happiest whenever you are around. DvGtO)5._
Excuse me, but I'm busiest at the moment. 2ZnTT
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例题: HV>W f"1
(1) a)xN(xp##
Of all the Native Americans in the United States, the Navajos form largest group. 7be?=c)+"
A B C D 6Rso}hF}}
答案: D 7G xNI
应改为: form the largest rv^j&X+EH
解释: largest是最高级, 作group的定语, 之前必须加定冠词the $`i&\O2*
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考点三 范围词 edch'H^2+P
伴随最高级出现的往往有表示范围的词或短语,常用of 或among或 in 引导, 表示“在….之中”。 如:of all, in the world, in the country等, 在填空题的题干中包含表示范围的词时,空格处需填最高级 $0WAhq
例题: _)ERi*}x8
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The Appalachian Trail, extending approximately 2, 020 miles from Maine to *l|CrUa
A B
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Georgia, is the longer continuous marked footpath in the world. >_R5Li
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答案:C qsJo)SA
应改为:longest. |*!I(wm2i
解释:本句有范围词in the world, 则定冠词the 之后应采用形容词最高级形式 6$IAm#
考点四 most的其他用法 yfq"at
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对于most来讲,除了构成某些词最高级外,most的用法有几点需要注意,经常成为改错题的考点: @]~\H-8
1. 当most表示大多数时,之前不加the, 并且有两种形式来表示大多数,分别为: DS^P
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most + 名词,如:most people, most Indian tribes; W8\K_M}
most + of + 限定词 + 名词或代词,如:most of his paintings,most of us, most of the modern artists (
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2. most有时意思等同于very, 此时most之前用不定冠词,如: J)66\h=
a most lovely girl, a most impressive proposal Z$T1nm%lo:
例题: D=e&"V a
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The most substances expand in volume when they are heated. v
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A B C D .aF+>#V=Q
答案:A 8JGt|,
应改为:Most $/6.4"j
解释:most只有在表示形容词最高级作定语时需加定冠词,此句表示“大多数”,没必要加the. 7`
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(2) MAhcwmZNy
The most often flour is made from wheat, but it may also be made from the seeds Q4C28-#
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of other cereal plants. -k=02?0p+
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答案:A 8 yQjB-,#
应改为:most. m8fxDepFA
解释:the most 一般出现在最高级中, 此句most often为固定说法,意为经常 o`7Bvh2
词汇:cereal: 谷类的 0[jy
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the end.
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第三章 副词
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副词和形容词有着千丝万缕的联系,相当比例的副词都是形容词加后缀-ly构成的,但副词在句中的作用却与形容词有较大区别,需细心领会:副词最主要的功能是作状语,用于修饰动词、形容词、副词、介词短语、甚至整个句子,这些都是形容词不可替代的作用,但切记在TOEFL题中不可修饰名词 )k{zRq:d
副词可大致分为时间副词(如:now, then, recently), 地点副词(如:here, upstairs, everywhere), 方式副词(如:carefully, rapidly, happily), 程度副词(如:much, quite, extremely), 疑问副词(如:how, when, where), 承接副词(如:besides, however, therefore)等等 =EgiV<6vcH
副词比较级和最高级的用法基本和形容词相同,形容词比较级的特殊句式同样适用于副词,稍有不同的是副词最高级前的the可用可不用,不用时居多。副词比较级和最高级作为考点的不多,但在题干中多次出现,可留心体会与形容词的区别和联系 ~Qeyh^wo
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第一节 副词修饰动词 QD-#sU]
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修饰动词是副词的最主要作用之一,此处动词的含义包括谓语动词、不定式中的动词,被动式或进行时中的分词形式的动词 tgKmCI
例如:You can't possibly arrive there on time. (谓语动词) |/5j0
It's inconvenient to contact him directly. (不定式中的动词) s8Xort&
Her composition is frequently referred to as original. (被动式) LcI,Dy|P
改错题中常误用形容词修饰动词,要注意识别 TU&gj1
例题: q4C$-W%rj
(1) |9$K'+'
In the United States, sleds for recreation were first produced commercial in the tT>~;l%'
A B C e?rp$kq7
1870's or thereabouts. v `9IS+Z
D R-+k>_96|
答案:C VQI
应改为:commercially 3iMh)YH5b
解释:形容词commercial不能修饰谓语动词produce, 需改为副词 fH-V!QYGF
(2) I"eXoqh
According to anthropologists, the earliest ancestors of humans that stood upright resembled chimpanzees ----, with sloping foreheads and protruding brows. h(*!s`1
(A) facially tG+ E'OP
(B) their faces }D-h=,];
(C) having facial &_n~# Mex
(D) they had faces n@r'b{2;l
答案:A `'H"|WsT
解释:resemble一词是本句的谓语动词, 已有了宾语chimpanzees, 之后需要的只可能是用来补充说明的非谓语, B、D可先排除; facial是形容词, 不能作have的宾语, 因此C肯定不对; A是副词, 恰好修饰动词作状语 z'GYU=
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第二节 程度副词much等 ~vgm;O
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程度副词much, still, far, a little, a bit 的特殊之处在于:可用来修饰比较级,表示加强或减弱程度。 如: I'm much clearer about the situation now. !B_i~Rmg
She's not a bit more rational than you were. AC:cV='
注意:much不能加形容词原形代替比较级 OLp;eb1g
比如想说更有耐心:不能够说much patient, 而应该说more patient; /ZlPEs)
同时more也不能替代much修饰比较级, c~bi
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比如要说低得多:不能说more lower , 而应该说much lower; `&]<_Jc1
例句:She is far better than me at English. ( 在英语方面她比我好的多) @LZ'Qc
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例题: L>VZ-j
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Watercolors dry more faster than other paints. n<\
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A B C D =>Ss:SGjT
答案:C S?_/Po
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应改为:much faster e%.Xya#\
解释:比较级more不能修饰比较级faster, 应改为程度副词much ~u|k1
(2) )pELCk
Reptiles are widely distributed all over the world, but are much abundant in warm ,Yx"3i,
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regions and are virtually absent beyond the treeline in the Arctic. T;!7GW4E
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C D 5MUM{(C
答案:B p4mlS
应改为:more. }@Rq'VPZd
解释:much作为形容词不能修饰另一个形容词, 而作副词时只能修饰形容词比较级, 如much better, much more expensive, 依句意是要将爬行动物在温带地区和寒带地区的分布加以对比, 因此改为比较级more abundant ?M?S+@(
(3) IRy!8A=X
Aluminum is the most abundant metal in the crust of the Earth, but the nonmetals m]LR4V6k|
A B C
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oxygen and silicon are more still abundant. zGKDH=Yy ;
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考点:程度副词 oS3}xT "
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答案:D ,=o)R,[
应改为:still more l"9.zPvT<
解释:程度副词still修饰比较级more时,应置于其前, }py6H[
词汇:crust: 地壳 silicon: 硅 "XQj~L
(4) +bC-_xGuh
A goose's neck is a tiny longer than that of a duck and not so gracefully curved as a FtBYPSGz
A B C D )nJo\HFXv
swan's. iaShxoIV
考点:程度副词 }*vUOQQp*
答案:A ="%nW3e@
应改为:little jTVh`d<N
解释:形容词tiny不能修饰比较级longer, 应改用程度副词a little k&Z3v.
词汇:gracefully: 优雅地, swan: 天鹅