第三节 最高级 T?5F0WKi
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考点一 最高级的形式 t;ga>^NA"
一、英文中表示最的概念时,形容词要变为最高级,其形式主要有两种: QaEXk5>e
在词尾加-est (单音节形容词), 如:low-lowest, late-latest, lucky-luckiest, fit-fittest; }S&SL)
或在词之前加most (多音节形容词), 如:most important, most sensitive }fxH>79g
少数词最高级形式特殊,如:good(well)-best, bad(ill)-worst, many(much)-most, little-least, etc. wY}+d0Ch
TOEFL经常会出现这样的搭配: most highest, 这是不对的,hightest已经是最高级,前面当然不能在加most. f.r-,%^6{
例题: 8c$IsvJg
(1) r>q`# ~
The most easiest process for mining gold is panning, which involves using a circular MN)<Tr2f
A B !*#=7^#
dish with a small pocket at the bottom. ^jhHaN]G^
C D &c@I4RV|q
答案:A
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应改为:easiest. AAl`bhx'n
解释:easiest本身已是最高级, most纯属画蛇添足, 应去掉 $S cjEG:6
二、没有等级的形容词 &k{@:z
有些形容词本身就具有“比….年长”、“ 比…..优越”等含义,因此也就没有比较级和最高级。比如: inferior, superior, senior, anterior。这些形容词往往和to连用,而不和than连用。 B'0Il"g'
有些形容词本身就具备“最、极”的含义,所以就没有最高级和比较级。如: bFx?HM.AGW
absolute(绝对的), unique(独一无二的), infinite(无限的), round(圆的), right(对的), correct(正确的), wrong(错误的), perfect(完美的),这类形容词往往被称为绝对形容词 ZyWC_r!
例题: Ia"bP` L
Geoffrey Chaucer occupies a ---- place in English literature. _bz,G"w+:
(A) most unique QY fS-
(B) unique ^
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(C) least unique 1Q$ M/}
(D)very unique ffhD+-gTU
答案: B Tuy*Df
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考点二 最高级前的限定词 ?{dno=
(1) 形容级做定语时, 最高级前通常要加定冠词the ,如: Ywr{/
the most important thing, the biggest elephant 7I
但当最高级前有物主代词时,不需加the, 如: vNt2s)
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my latest hobby, her most interesting experience ']NM_0
(2) 形容词作表语时,最高级前通常不加限定词 pQ hv3F
如:She looks happiest whenever you are around. yiU dUw/
Excuse me, but I'm busiest at the moment. U#P#YpD;==
例题: sig_2;
(1) \3/9lE|gh
Of all the Native Americans in the United States, the Navajos form largest group. EIfrZg7R
A B C D L$Q+R'
答案: D '37b[~k4
应改为: form the largest P;/T`R=Vr"
解释: largest是最高级, 作group的定语, 之前必须加定冠词the hg~fFj3ST
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考点三 范围词 m~K]|]iqQ
伴随最高级出现的往往有表示范围的词或短语,常用of 或among或 in 引导, 表示“在….之中”。 如:of all, in the world, in the country等, 在填空题的题干中包含表示范围的词时,空格处需填最高级 CAA~VEUL
例题: S
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(1) SOL=3hfb^
The Appalachian Trail, extending approximately 2, 020 miles from Maine to /~[R
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A B wGH@I_cy>
Georgia, is the longer continuous marked footpath in the world. u|c+w)a
C D a6d KQ3D
答案:C | |=Duk
应改为:longest. 1^3#3duV
解释:本句有范围词in the world, 则定冠词the 之后应采用形容词最高级形式 [}p.*U_nw
考点四 most的其他用法 EoeEg,'~F
对于most来讲,除了构成某些词最高级外,most的用法有几点需要注意,经常成为改错题的考点: 3@L%#]xwi
1. 当most表示大多数时,之前不加the, 并且有两种形式来表示大多数,分别为: (% P=#vZ
most + 名词,如:most people, most Indian tribes; wrU[#g,uvr
most + of + 限定词 + 名词或代词,如:most of his paintings,most of us, most of the modern artists pg)g&ifKl
2. most有时意思等同于very, 此时most之前用不定冠词,如: bB-v ar
a most lovely girl, a most impressive proposal ;>9pJ72r
例题: }nl)*l
(1) d
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The most substances expand in volume when they are heated. G
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A B C D =jt_1L4
答案:A FF/R_xnx
应改为:Most "S:N-Tf%U
解释:most只有在表示形容词最高级作定语时需加定冠词,此句表示“大多数”,没必要加the. 'wrpW#
(2) 6,1|y%(f
The most often flour is made from wheat, but it may also be made from the seeds (K6StNtN
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of other cereal plants. RzQS@^u*F0
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答案:A oF R'GUQC
应改为:most. j:3Hm0W3
解释:the most 一般出现在最高级中, 此句most often为固定说法,意为经常 D:tZiS=0
词汇:cereal: 谷类的 V&v~kzLr+
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the end. >:&p(eu)L0
第三章 副词 l0if#?4\r
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副词和形容词有着千丝万缕的联系,相当比例的副词都是形容词加后缀-ly构成的,但副词在句中的作用却与形容词有较大区别,需细心领会:副词最主要的功能是作状语,用于修饰动词、形容词、副词、介词短语、甚至整个句子,这些都是形容词不可替代的作用,但切记在TOEFL题中不可修饰名词 +lJ]-U|P
副词可大致分为时间副词(如:now, then, recently), 地点副词(如:here, upstairs, everywhere), 方式副词(如:carefully, rapidly, happily), 程度副词(如:much, quite, extremely), 疑问副词(如:how, when, where), 承接副词(如:besides, however, therefore)等等 J6D$ i+
副词比较级和最高级的用法基本和形容词相同,形容词比较级的特殊句式同样适用于副词,稍有不同的是副词最高级前的the可用可不用,不用时居多。副词比较级和最高级作为考点的不多,但在题干中多次出现,可留心体会与形容词的区别和联系 ilpZ/Rs
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第一节 副词修饰动词 C)p<M H
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修饰动词是副词的最主要作用之一,此处动词的含义包括谓语动词、不定式中的动词,被动式或进行时中的分词形式的动词 Q$/F gS
例如:You can't possibly arrive there on time. (谓语动词) b2%bgs
It's inconvenient to contact him directly. (不定式中的动词) 6RQCKN)
Her composition is frequently referred to as original. (被动式) q<[ke
改错题中常误用形容词修饰动词,要注意识别 f?zK"
例题: M`pTT5r
(1) +gCy@_2;
In the United States, sleds for recreation were first produced commercial in the E/$@ud|l"
A B C lY9M<8g
1870's or thereabouts. >E ;o"
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答案:C Y_>-p(IH
应改为:commercially 6ri?y=-c
解释:形容词commercial不能修饰谓语动词produce, 需改为副词
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(2) | 4oM+n
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According to anthropologists, the earliest ancestors of humans that stood upright resembled chimpanzees ----, with sloping foreheads and protruding brows. uNZ>oP>
(A) facially jI2gi1,a
(B) their faces Q*&aC|b&
(C) having facial
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(D) they had faces .O%1)p
答案:A 3et2\wOX1x
解释:resemble一词是本句的谓语动词, 已有了宾语chimpanzees, 之后需要的只可能是用来补充说明的非谓语, B、D可先排除; facial是形容词, 不能作have的宾语, 因此C肯定不对; A是副词, 恰好修饰动词作状语 m-S33PG{
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第二节 程度副词much等 .Jat^iFj0
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程度副词much, still, far, a little, a bit 的特殊之处在于:可用来修饰比较级,表示加强或减弱程度。 如: I'm much clearer about the situation now. 'Kzr-)JS
She's not a bit more rational than you were.
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注意:much不能加形容词原形代替比较级 5v>{Z0TE[6
比如想说更有耐心:不能够说much patient, 而应该说more patient; G9y12HV
同时more也不能替代much修饰比较级, +V+*7s%fL
比如要说低得多:不能说more lower , 而应该说much lower; eo*u(@
例句:She is far better than me at English. ( 在英语方面她比我好的多) s@)"IdSA(
例题: !k= 0X\5L
(1) ^Im%D(MY
Watercolors dry more faster than other paints. :CkR4J!m3
A B C D ,[}yf#8@J
答案:C Gz[ymj)5
应改为:much faster F`BgKH!
解释:比较级more不能修饰比较级faster, 应改为程度副词much mQ^@ \s
(2) w^'
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Reptiles are widely distributed all over the world, but are much abundant in warm x#j\"$dla
A B 4j/ iG\
regions and are virtually absent beyond the treeline in the Arctic. <`p75B
C D qzHqj;
答案:B Zu0;/_rN
应改为:more. |:e|~sism
解释:much作为形容词不能修饰另一个形容词, 而作副词时只能修饰形容词比较级, 如much better, much more expensive, 依句意是要将爬行动物在温带地区和寒带地区的分布加以对比, 因此改为比较级more abundant io9xI3{
(3) :<t{ =0G
Aluminum is the most abundant metal in the crust of the Earth, but the nonmetals Nr]8P/[~
A B C H7yg9zFT
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oxygen and silicon are more still abundant. b,rH&+2H
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考点:程度副词 g
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答案:D da00p-U
应改为:still more R*Xu(89
解释:程度副词still修饰比较级more时,应置于其前, (!0j4'
词汇:crust: 地壳 silicon: 硅 9b" 9m*gC
(4) 4{*tn"y
A goose's neck is a tiny longer than that of a duck and not so gracefully curved as a {HIR>])o
A B C D ]<8B-D?
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swan's. $*AC>i\
考点:程度副词 M q^|M~
答案:A $>'" )7z
应改为:little SLJ&{`"7
解释:形容词tiny不能修饰比较级longer, 应改用程度副词a little pK6e/eC
词汇:gracefully: 优雅地, swan: 天鹅