考博英语写作 :_ox8xS4
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考博英语写作绝招:各部分万能套用公式 F)Lbr>H?I
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开头万能公式: =@o}
1. 开头万能公式一:名人名言 H;1}Nvvd
有人问了,“我没有记住名言,怎么办?尤其是英语名言?”,很好办:编! HxaUVg0
原理:我们看到的东西很多都是创造出来的,包括我们欣赏的文章也是,所以尽管编,但是一定要听起来很有道理呦!而且没准将来我们就是名人呢!对吧? f'dI"o&^/d
经典句型: K
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A proberb says, “ You are only young once.” (适用于已记住的名言) pJ[Q.QxU
It goes without saying that we cannot be young forever. J^4k}
(适用于自编名言) 8n? .w:Y/
更多经典句型: \ 714 Pyy
As everyone knows, No one can deny that… nmr>Aj8[
2. 开头万能公式二:数字统计 Rd)QVEk>SD
原理:要想更有说服力,就应该用实际的数字来说明。 c3##:"wr
原则上在议论文当中十不应该出现虚假数字的,可是在考试的时候哪管那三七二十一,但编无妨,只要我有东西写就万事大吉了。所以不妨试用下面的句型: <X?F :?Mk
According to a recent survey, about 78.9% of the college o6 /?WR 9
students wanted to further their study after their graduation. ]_s]Q_+E
看起来这个数字文邹邹的,其实都是编造出来的,下面随便几个题目我们都可以这样编造: KXJHb{?
Honesty }kpkHq"`f
根据最近的一项统计调查显示,大学生向老师请假的理由当中78%都是假的。 g5)VV"
Travel by Bike _Gu ;U@
根据最近的一项统计调查显示,85%的人在近距离旅行的时候首选的交通工具是自行车。 q<VhP2R
Youth ;Peyo1
根据最近的一项统计调查显示,在某个大学,学生的课余时间的70%都是在休闲娱乐。 !r<7]nwV
Five-day Work Week Better than Six-day Work? PO&`r
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根据最近的一项统计调查显示,98%的人同意每周五天工作日。 4tI~d8?pk+
更多句型: E'Bt1u
A recent statistics shows that … H|Ems}b
结尾万能公式: 'g#GUSXfj
1. 结尾万能公式一:如此结论 k{~5pxd-t
说完了,毕竟要归纳一番,相信各位都有这样的经历,领导长篇大论,到最后终于冒出个“总而言之”之类的话,我们马上停止开小差,等待领导说结束语。也就是说,开头很好,也必然要有一个精彩的结尾,让读者眼前一亮,这样,你就可以拿高分了!比如下面的例子: {8' 5
Obviously(此为过渡短语), we can draw the conclusion that good Dng^4VRd
manners arise from politeness and respect for others. t`Sh!e
如果读者很难“显而见之”,但说无妨,就当读者的眼光太浅罢了! ,O}zgf*H;
更多过渡短语: /y}
to sum up, in conclusion, in brief, on account of this, thus g=)@yZ3>v
更多句型: DCj!m<Y&
Thus, it can be concluded that…, Therefore, we can find that… ^N]*Zf~N?
2. 结尾万能公式二:如此建议 @:63OLlrG
如果说“如此结论”是结尾最没用的废话,那么“如此建议”应该是最有价值的废话了,因为这里虽然也是废话,但是却用了一个很经典的虚拟语气的句型。拽!
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Obviously, it is high time that we took some measures to solve jAu/]
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the problem. p s2C8;zT
这里的虚拟语气用得很经典,因为考官本来经常考这个句型,而如果我们自己写出来,你说考官会怎么想呢? Z1Wra-g
更多句型: .MKxHM7
Accordingly, I recommend that some measures be taken. S
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Consequently, to solve the problem, some measures should be q45n.A6a
taken.
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写作的“七项基本原则”:一、 长 短 句原则 4h|vd.t
工作还得一张一驰呢,老让读者读长句,累死人!写一个短小精辟的句子,相反,却可以起到画龙点睛的作用。而且如果我们把短句放在段首或者段末,也可以揭示主题: 9I,Trk@&
As a creature, I eat; as a man, I read. Although one action is ZR1EtvVG
to meet the primary need of my body and the other is to d$!ibL#o
satisfy the intellectual need of mind, they are in a way quite J? C"be=
similar. NunT1ved
如此可见,长短句结合,抑扬顿挫,岂不爽哉?牢记! ="V6z$N
强烈建议:在文章第一段(开头)用一长一短,且先长后短;在文章主体部分,要先用一个短句解释主要意思,然后在阐述几个要点的时候采用先短后长的句群形式,定会让主体部分妙笔生辉!文章结尾一般用一长一短就可以了。二、 RW'QU`N[Y
主 题 句原则 qg_=5s
国有其君,家有其主,文章也要有其主。否则会给人造成“群龙无首”之感!相信各位读过一些破烂文学,故意把主体隐藏在文章之内,结果造成我们稀里糊涂!不知所云!所以奉劝各位一定要写一个主题句,放在文章的开头(保险型)或者结尾,让读者一目了然,必会平安无事! o!Y
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特别提示:隐藏主体句可是要冒险的! J(0c#}d
To begin with, you must work hard at your lessons and be fully 7>#74
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prepared before the exam(主题句). Without sufficient preparation, 1c]GS&(RP
you can hardly expect to answer all the questions correctly.三、 L!\I>a5C0G
一 二 三原则 sPut@4[S
领导讲话总是第一部分、第一点、第二点、第三点、第二部分、第一点… p?5zwdX+`
如此罗嗦。可毕竟还是条理清楚。考官们看文章也必然要通过这些关键性的“标签”来判定你的文章是否结构清楚,条理自然。破解方法很简单,只要把下面任何一组的词汇加入到你的几个要点前就清楚了。 2gA6
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1)first, second, third, last(不推荐,原因:俗) &Mol8=V)
2)firstly, secondly, thirdly, finally(不推荐,原因:俗) YQ]W<0(
3)the first, the second, the third, the last(不推荐,原因:俗) [j):2
4)in the first place, in the second place, in the third place, zMtx>V
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lastly(不推荐,原因:俗) y:m Xv<g
5)to begin with, then, furthermore, finally(强烈推荐) o]@?QAu
6)to start with, next, in addition, finally(强烈推荐) XLB7
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7)first and foremost, besides, last but not least(强烈推荐) k/>k&^?
8)most important of all, moreover, finally 3qP!
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9)on the one hand, on the other hand(适用于两点的情况) ZjWI~"]
10)for one thing, for another thing(适用于两点的情况) H8X{!/,^
建议:不仅仅在写作中注意,平时说话的时候也应该条理清楚!四、 短语优先原则 J%{>I
写作时,尤其是在考试时,如果使用短语,有两个好处:其一、用短语会使文章增加亮点,如果老师们看到你的文章太简单,看不到一个自己不认识的短语,必然会看你低一等。相反,如果发现亮点—精彩的短语,那么你的文章定会得高分了。其二、关键时刻思维短路,只有凑字数,怎么办?用短语是一个办法!比如: r+>gIX+Fl
I cannot bear it. A\LMmg
可以用短语表达:I cannot put up with it. H>%K}Fh
I want it. nw
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可以用短语表达:I am looking forward to it. ;tlvf?0!
这样字数明显增加,表达也更准确。五、 多实少虚原则 6YNd;,it>p
原因很简单,写文章还是应该写一些实际的东西,不要空话连篇。这就要求一定要多用实词,少用虚词。我这里所说的虚词就是指那些比较大的词。比如我们说一个很好的时候,不应该之说nice这样空洞的词,应该使用一些诸如generous, }gete'I
humorous, interesting, smart, gentle, warm-hearted, hospital ^8OK.iC
之类的形象词。再比如: .r4*?>
走出房间,general的词是:walk out of the room =A{F&:+a]
但是小偷走出房间应该说:slip out of the room Ejmpg_kux
*****走出房间应该说:sail out of the room 1N,</<"
小孩走出房间应该说:dance out of the room wt]onve}%
老人走出房间应该说:stagger out of the room n86LU Sj5
所以多用实词,少用虚词,文章将会大放异彩!六、 多变句式原则 *lc|iq\
1)加法(串联) DZ"'GQSg
都希望写下很长的句子,像个老外似的,可就是怕写错,怎么办,最保险的写长句的方法就是这些,可以在任何句子之间加and, yw\Q>~$n[=
但最好是前后的句子又先后关系或者并列关系。比如说: =bgWUu\F
I enjor music and he is fond of playing guitar. 4
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如果是二者并列的,我们可以用一个超级句式: VYbH:4K@%
Not only the fur coat is soft, but it is also warm. gamE^Ee
其它的短语可以用: ||D PIn]
besides, furthermore, likewise, moreover \(_(pcl
2)转折(拐弯抹角) Z-:T')#Cf
批评某人缺点的时候,我们总习惯先拐弯抹角说说他的优点,然后转入正题,再说缺点,这种方式虽然阴险了点,可毕竟还比较容易让人接受。所以呢,我们说话的时候,只要在要点之前先来点废话,注意二者之间用个专这次就够了。 ,Wv+Ek
The car was quite old, yet it was in excellent condition. %:t! u&:q
The coat was thin, but it was warm. ncrg`<'/,
更多的短语: /g$G
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despite that, still, however, nevertheless, in spite of, U$|q]N
despite, notwithstanding hi`[
3)因果(so, so, so) D%L^[|)c\s
昨天在街上我看到了一个女孩,然后我主动搭讪,然后我们去咖啡厅,然后我们认识了,然后我们成为了朋友…可见,讲故事的时候我们总要追求先后顺序,先什么,后什么,所以然后这个词就变得很常见了。其实这个词表示的是先后或因果关系! 'Fy"|M;2
The snow began to fall, so we went home. ncqAof(/
更多短语: <2N{oK.
then, therefore, consequently, accordingly, hence, as a ]"}BqS0
result, for this reason, so that By waD?
4)失衡句(头重脚轻,或者头轻脚重) EQN)y27poW
有些人脑袋大,身体小,或者有些人脑袋小,身体大,虽然我们不希望长成这个样子,可如果真的是这样了,也就必然会吸引别人的注意力。文章中如果出现这样的句子,就更会让考官看到你的句子与众不同。其实就是主语从句,表语从句,宾语从句的变形。 0<7sM#sI!
举例:This is what I can do. s]]lB018O\
Whether he can go with us or not is not sure. ?VlGTMaS+
同样主语、宾语、表语可以改成如下的复杂成分: w"5Eyz-eO
When to go, Why he goes away… n]df)a
5)附加(多此一举) <8(=Lv`)q
如果有了老婆,总会遇到这样的情况,当你再讲某个人的时候,她会插一句说,我昨天见过他;或者说,就是某某某,如果把老婆的话插入到我们的话里面,那就是定语从句和同位语从句或者是插入语。 }4N'as/ZO
The man whom you met yesterday is a friend of mine. .W^B(y(tA
I don’t enjoy that book you are reading. d
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Mr liu, our oral English teacher, is easy-going.
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其实很简单,同位语--要解释的东西删除后不影响整个句子的构成;定语从句—借用之前的关键词并且用其重新组成一个句子插入其中,但是whom NB1KsvD{
or that 关键词必须要紧跟在先行词之前。 !NH(EWER
6)排比(排山倒海句) Da615d
文学作品中最吸引人的地方莫过于此,如果非要让你的文章更加精彩的话,那么我希望你引用一个个的排比句,一个个得对偶句,一个个的不定式,一个个地词,一个个的短语,如此表达将会使文章有排山倒海之势! & XmaGtt
Whether your tastes are modern or traditional, sophisticated ;89kL]
or simple, there is plenty in London for you. |Fe[RGi+8
Nowadays, energy can be obtained through various sources such (P`=9+
as oil, coal, natural gas, solar heat, the wind and ocean JcUU#>
tides. mFg$;F
We have got to study hard, to enlarge our scope of knowledge, S=ZZ[E_~S
to realize our potentials and to pay for our life. (气势恢宏) dzEi^*
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要想写出如此气势恢宏的句子非用排比不可!七、 挑战极限原则 q[_qZ
既然十挑战极限,必然是比较难的,但是并非不可攀! VxBBZsZO~
原理:在学生的文章中,很少发现诸如独立主格的句子,其实也很简单,只要花上5分钟的时间看看就可以领会,它就是分词的一种特殊形式,分词要求主语一致,而独立主格则不然。比如: dpTsTU!\
The weather being fine, a large number of people went to climb 5]>*0#C
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the Western Hills. ss[`*89
Africa is the second largest continent, its size being about n74\{`8]o
three times that of China. Sp492W+
如果您可一些出这样的句子,不得高分才怪! [02rs@c>
文章主体段落三大杀手锏:一、举实例 d!E_EoOi
思维短路,举实例!提出一个观点,举实例!提出一个方案,举实例!而且者也是我们揭示一个观点最好的方式,任何情况下,只要我们无法继续文章,不管三七二十一,尽管举例子! h{gFqkDoTI
In order to attract more customers, advertisers have adopted &J)<1!|
every possible stimulative factor in making ads, such as is4}s,]$6
sound, light, colours, cartoon films and human performance. ;.V/ngaj
For instance, to advertise a certain food, advertisers will ux<|8S
ask an actor or actress to sit at a table and devour the 1ZI1+TDH
seemingly delicious food while they fime him or her. zMR)w77
更多句型: HohCb4d
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To take … as an example, One example is…, Another example is…, 8cG?p
for example二、做比较 Z1eT>6|]r
方法:写完一个要点,比较与之相似的;又写完一个要点,再比较与之相反的; h+}BtKA
世界上没有同样的指纹,没有相同的树叶,文章亦同,只有通过比较,你才会发现二者的相同点(through SLKplLO
comparison)和不同点(through contrast)。下面是一些短语: +4s]#{mP
相似的比较: SXk.7bMV6
in comparison, likewise, similarly, in the same manner Kcm+%p^
相反的比较: XVqOiv)
on the other hand, conversely, whereas, while, instead, LqbI/AQ)
nevertheless, in contrast, on the contrary, compared with …, hx9{?3#
…三、换言之 z:>cQUYl
没话说了,可以换一句话再说,让你的文章在多一些字,或者文邹邹地说,是让读者更充分的理解你的观点。 wXKtQ#o}
实际就是重复重复再重复!下面的句子实际上就三个字 I love you! <0})%V?-
I am enthusiastic about you. That is to say, I love you. t3@+idE b
I am wild about you. In other words, I have fallen in love L[x`i'0B
with you. }R%H?&P
或者上面我们举过的例子: \baY+,Dr+
I cannot bear it. g'7E6n"!,
可以用短语表达:I cannot put up with it. zMsup4cl
因此可以这样说:I cannot bear it. That is to say, I cannot put up with G-d7}Uz?
it or I am fed up with it. G?s9c0f
更多短语:
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in more difficult language, in simpler words, put it more 3`bQ0-D;
simply