考博英语语法详解（一）

英语语法是针对英语语言的语法进行的研究。语法是组词造句的规则，是把合适的词放进合适位置的艺术，语法可分为两大部分：词法和句法。词法包括各类词的形态及其变化，句法主要讲句子的种类和类型，句子成分以及遣词造句的规律。由此可见学好语法对考博英语的重要性，在此，整理了考博英语必备语法知识点，希望考生们学以致用，考博英语取得好的成绩。一考博英语语法：独立主格     　　　　 0=,Nz  
    1. 充当句子的状语。 w!UF^~  
　　2. 有自己的主语，同句子的主语不一致。 Kjbk zc1  
　　3. 名词(代词，形容词，副词，介词)+ 分词 6EC',=)6R  
　　4.　With + 名词 (代词) + 分词 (形容词) v,n 8$,  
　　例：a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. Fepsa;\sU  
　　b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. bF9.k  
　　c) he entered the room, with his hands open(holding a rifle). zsQ]U!*rD  
　　真题剖析 L)M{S3q ,  
　　(1995)   45   cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are　 46　 of the material which would　47　feed them. _L=-z*a\  
　　45. A. For
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　　B. As W7C1\'T   
　　C. With a6zWg7 PN  
　　D. Because UD14q~ (1Z  
　　练习： 'g<"@SS+  
　　Do what you need to do to keep the wolf __7__ from the door, the world __8__ your thesis adviser, team leader, or laboratory director. Then use the rest of your time, perhaps at night or on the weekends, to do __9__ you really want to do. <f (z\pi1  
　　8. A. is 4Kt0}W  
　　B. having Tf=1p1!3  
　　C. being h% >ZN-K)  
　　D. be LawE3CD  
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二考博英语语法：虚拟语气　　虚拟语气 4,@jSr|I3i  
　　1. (should)+动词原形 !pj&h0CR  
　　It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 L_T+KaQCH  
　　It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 >'#vC]@  
　　It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 B4HMs$>   
　　部分名词/动词(表示建议，劝告，决定等) +that从句 Qn$YI9t  
　　2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 .Erv\lv*  
　　would rather +动词过去式 ^d
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　　真题剖析 kbvF 9 #  
　　(1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I　47　say that teaching is hard work . … 2f{p$YIt  
　　47. A. do >;"%Db  
　　B. did ;9#%E  
　　C. don’t Vug[q=i  
　　D. didn’t w('}QB`xad  
　　(1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration　52 , and they　　53　that the professor be sent home. KXz7l\1Gb  
　　53. A. ordered zrA3bWs  
　　B. pleaded -`\n/"#X6i  
　　C. decided "PS ) "t  
　　D. demanded R4b!?}d  
　　练习：Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time that 　　we__15__ this message to heart. b%x=7SMXO  
　　15. A. took 3=?,Dv0P  
　　B. would take N/
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　　C. will take  `wIWK7i  
　　D. should take Kc@Sw{JR#7  
　　(2003.3) It is edifying, and it is a source of inner satisfaction even __54__ other facets of life prove disappointing. 7wY0JS$fz  
　　(even if other facets of life should prove disappointing.) I\-M`^@  
　　54.A. shall YuHXm3[  
　　B.will ,*\s  
　　C.would cM,
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　　D.should Ps(oxj7  
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三考博英语语法:非谓语动词　　动名词、分词、不定式。 U|QP]6v  
　　主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) X$~T*l0  
　　发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) .h/2-pQ>  
　　To在什么情况下作介词，什么情况下作不定式引导词。 Wwr  
　　真题剖析 ']sjW'~  
　　(2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies　60　into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. kaoiSL<[6  
　　60. A. dropped ^xScVOdP  
　　B. to drop m;1/+qs 0  
　　C. dropping RU/SJ1wM"  
　　D.drops 6f t6;*,  
　　(2001.3) A heroin addict, for instance, leads a　59　life: his increasing need for heroin in increasing doses prevents him from working, from maintaining 　　relationships, from developing in human ways. {6
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　　59. A. destructive =HV${+K=~  
　　B. dissatisfied ,_<|e\>~  
　　C. damaged @A`j Wao  
　　D. derivative Eg}U.ss^  
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四考博英语语法：主谓一致　　1. 整体及抽象概念作主语，谓语通常用单数形式。 d0Ubt  
　　How you got there doesn’t concern me. ly_8p63-  
　　Growing vegetables needs constant watering. 2AMb-&po&f  
　　2.　表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语，谓语多用单数。 Jk7 Am-.0  
　　Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. j/NX
 
　　3. 以-s结尾的专有名词(linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等)，谓语通常用单数形式。 VfDa>zV3  
　　4. “分数或百分数+主语”，谓语跟主语保持一致。 *XYp~b  
　　Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). w8 :  
　　5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语，谓语用单数。 h qhX  
　　Everyone knows that you’ve come here. q\gbjci   
　　If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back.　　(--thing 的情况例外) ?<\2 }1  
　　6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致(as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等) B&1E&Cv_8  
　　He no less than John is interested in literature. 3` D['  
　　7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) K:Z(jF!j  
　　Either my father or my brothers are coming. suFk<^3  
　　8. each,every,many a, no …+主语，谓语用单数。 KDV.ZSF7  
　　Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. voTP,R[}85  
　　真题剖析 M"qS#*{  
　　(2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year,　54 of urbanization ever recorded. ?4aW^l6/  
　　53. A. none F0r2=f(?  
　　B. few G+k wG)K  
　　C. any !;d>}iE  
　　D. some 23,pVo  
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五考博英语语法：倒装　　全部倒装 !#*#jixo  
　　1. “There (Here) +be+主语” $e,r>tgD  
　　There stand big buildings in this district. oe3=QE  
　　Here on the desk lies a pile of books. /& c2y=/'C  
　　2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆，如it blew up.) BSJS4+,E  
　　In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. 2+C:Em0yI