考博英语语法详解（一）

英语语法是针对英语语言的语法进行的研究。语法是组词造句的规则，是把合适的词放进合适位置的艺术，语法可分为两大部分：词法和句法。词法包括各类词的形态及其变化，句法主要讲句子的种类和类型，句子成分以及遣词造句的规律。由此可见学好语法对考博英语的重要性，在此，整理了考博英语必备语法知识点，希望考生们学以致用，考博英语取得好的成绩。一考博英语语法：独立主格     　　　　 TopH E  
    1. 充当句子的状语。 {aoMJJq  
　　2. 有自己的主语，同句子的主语不一致。 7"#f!.E  
　　3. 名词(代词，形容词，副词，介词)+ 分词 &m'?*O |  
　　4.　With + 名词 (代词) + 分词 (形容词) 0JK2%%  
　　例：a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. r|<6Aae&  
　　b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. pp<E))&R  
　　c) he entered the room, with his hands open(holding a rifle). &Bm&i.r  
　　真题剖析 lirNYJ]tO  
　　(1995)   45   cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are　 46　 of the material which would　47　feed them. 7_KXD#  
　　45. A. For
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　　B. As EZ/ ^nG  
　　C. With Xo\S9,s{  
　　D. Because VtWT{y5Ec  
　　练习：
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　　Do what you need to do to keep the wolf __7__ from the door, the world __8__ your thesis adviser, team leader, or laboratory director. Then use the rest of your time, perhaps at night or on the weekends, to do __9__ you really want to do.
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　　8. A. is "b`7[;a  
　　B. having AX;c}0g  
　　C. being tvGlp)?.  
　　D. be ioWo ]  
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二考博英语语法：虚拟语气　　虚拟语气 z0 \N{rP&  
　　1. (should)+动词原形 M$H`^P
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　　It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 2T?TM! \Q  
　　It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 o,*=$/or  
　　It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 BPewc9RxV  
　　部分名词/动词(表示建议，劝告，决定等) +that从句 *Q E"K2\5  
　　2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 VX!hv`E  
　　would rather +动词过去式 K"w%n[u)  
　　真题剖析 '%&z.{  
　　(1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I　47　say that teaching is hard work . … 0m A(:"  
　　47. A. do g YUTt  
　　B. did =k_UjwgN^  
　　C. don’t B`1kGEx .  
　　D. didn’t zN")elBi  
　　(1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration　52 , and they　　53　that the professor be sent home. $@.jZ_G  
　　53. A. ordered V%51k{  
　　B. pleaded &a6,ln:P  
　　C. decided $DE&J4K  
　　D. demanded fEwifSp.  
　　练习：Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time that 　　we__15__ this message to heart. D5L{T+}Oi%  
　　15. A. took 5\'AD^{  
　　B. would take (O0byu}  
　　C. will take KUKI q AA  
　　D. should take ]r959+\$  
　　(2003.3) It is edifying, and it is a source of inner satisfaction even __54__ other facets of life prove disappointing. $>r5>6  
　　(even if other facets of life should prove disappointing.) g "*;nHI D  
　　54.A. shall F#|Z# Mu  
　　B.will no&-YktP}  
　　C.would MI*Sq\-i  
　　D.should K*+6`z#fMF  
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三考博英语语法:非谓语动词　　动名词、分词、不定式。 O{q&]~,  
　　主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) FYl3c   
　　发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) Yqj+hC6>,  
　　To在什么情况下作介词，什么情况下作不定式引导词。 ~kb{K;  
　　真题剖析 -;Uj|^  
　　(2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies　60　into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. _#pnjo  
　　60. A. dropped ,YB1 y)x  
　　B. to drop 7I >J$"  
　　C. dropping 8xTix1u0  
　　D.drops mi^
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　　(2001.3) A heroin addict, for instance, leads a　59　life: his increasing need for heroin in increasing doses prevents him from working, from maintaining 　　relationships, from developing in human ways. *eGM7o*\X  
　　59. A. destructive
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　　B. dissatisfied w}`3 d@  
　　C. damaged P {H{UKs#  
　　D. derivative X| <yq  
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四考博英语语法：主谓一致　　1. 整体及抽象概念作主语，谓语通常用单数形式。 jBRPR R0  
　　How you got there doesn’t concern me. VMHC/jlX@r  
　　Growing vegetables needs constant watering. .@k*p>K  
　　2.　表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语，谓语多用单数。 MZ~.(&  
　　Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. XA3s],Rk  
　　3. 以-s结尾的专有名词(linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等)，谓语通常用单数形式。 o, LK[Q  
　　4. “分数或百分数+主语”，谓语跟主语保持一致。 j)L1H* S%  
　　Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). K v?;cu !  
　　5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语，谓语用单数。 aD|Yo  
　　Everyone knows that you’ve come here. 7cw]v"iv  
　　If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back.　　(--thing 的情况例外) ;rHz;]si  
　　6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致(as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等) xa#gWIP*  
　　He no less than John is interested in literature. [Vp\$;\nT  
　　7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) T2|:nC )@  
　　Either my father or my brothers are coming. 5-w:c>  
　　8. each,every,many a, no …+主语，谓语用单数。 (}~ucI<~  
　　Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. %U?)?iZdL  
　　真题剖析 C3.=GRg~l  
　　(2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year,　54 of urbanization ever recorded. wd+O5Lr.R  
　　53. A. none kl<g;3  
　　B. few s0!kwrBsp  
　　C. any $1e pf  
　　D. some or.\)(m#(  
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五考博英语语法：倒装　　全部倒装 Q|//Z  
　　1. “There (Here) +be+主语” LyP`{_"CM  
　　There stand big buildings in this district. G_(ct5:_"!  
　　Here on the desk lies a pile of books. $5L(gn[  
　　2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆，如it blew up.) sam[s4@eQ  
　　In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. x4 hO$3o