考博英语语法详解（一）

英语语法是针对英语语言的语法进行的研究。语法是组词造句的规则，是把合适的词放进合适位置的艺术，语法可分为两大部分：词法和句法。词法包括各类词的形态及其变化，句法主要讲句子的种类和类型，句子成分以及遣词造句的规律。由此可见学好语法对考博英语的重要性，在此，整理了考博英语必备语法知识点，希望考生们学以致用，考博英语取得好的成绩。一考博英语语法：独立主格     　　　　 yMd<<:Ap  
    1. 充当句子的状语。 C'wRF90  
　　2. 有自己的主语，同句子的主语不一致。 ?f8)_t}^\  
　　3. 名词(代词，形容词，副词，介词)+ 分词 js$L<^7  
　　4.　With + 名词 (代词) + 分词 (形容词) >,9ah"K_x  
　　例：a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. y37c&XYq  
　　b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. qDVt  
　　c) he entered the room, with his hands open(holding a rifle). U
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　　真题剖析 R/O>^s!Co  
　　(1995)   45   cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are　 46　 of the material which would　47　feed them. _=\J:r|Y:  
　　45. A. For Zw`9
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　　B. As Gkr]8J  
　　C. With Bn<1zg5  
　　D. Because -Gyj]v5y`c  
　　练习： YjR`}rdwo  
　　Do what you need to do to keep the wolf __7__ from the door, the world __8__ your thesis adviser, team leader, or laboratory director. Then use the rest of your time, perhaps at night or on the weekends, to do __9__ you really want to do. #$ ^vP/"$  
　　8. A. is og~Uv"&?T  
　　B. having (>R  
　　C. being l} =@9A @  
　　D. be LFskNF0X  
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二考博英语语法：虚拟语气　　虚拟语气 ~85>.o2RDW  
　　1. (should)+动词原形 DCheG7lo{  
　　It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 @4]} J-3  
　　It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 Aw)I:d7F  
　　It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 O,[9E  
　　部分名词/动词(表示建议，劝告，决定等) +that从句 np6R\Q!&  
　　2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 k E},>+W+  
　　would rather +动词过去式 {y%cTuC=  
　　真题剖析 r^v1_u,1I  
　　(1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I　47　say that teaching is hard work . … X? l5}  
　　47. A. do 6BdK)s  
　　B. did _C
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　　C. don’t &~KAZ}xu  
　　D. didn’t 4G3u8)b=  
　　(1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration　52 , and they　　53　that the professor be sent home. xS+!/pBf"Y  
　　53. A. ordered X8\UTHT&0  
　　B. pleaded Mpx98xcO  
　　C. decided ]RxJ^'a63  
　　D. demanded QX+Xi<YE-  
　　练习：Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time that 　　we__15__ this message to heart. i?:#lbw_  
　　15. A. took  Eyq4w  
　　B. would take j@s*hZ^J+  
　　C. will take FI"KJk'  
　　D. should take `>Ms7G9S~e  
　　(2003.3) It is edifying, and it is a source of inner satisfaction even __54__ other facets of life prove disappointing. PS3jCT  
　　(even if other facets of life should prove disappointing.) !Bv. @~  
　　54.A. shall @+7CfvM  
　　B.will D4O^5?F)|  
　　C.would Yq>K1E|  
　　D.should KP)t,\@f!  
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三考博英语语法:非谓语动词　　动名词、分词、不定式。 0[f[6mm%m  
　　主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) 9Cs/B*3)b  
　　发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) O$7
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　　To在什么情况下作介词，什么情况下作不定式引导词。 :;jRAjq"  
　　真题剖析 ! NJGW  
　　(2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies　60　into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. 'iU+mRLp  
　　60. A. dropped =9;b|Y"aQ  
　　B. to drop quS]26wQz  
　　C. dropping wUfm)Q#  
　　D.drops uT>"(wnJ|  
　　(2001.3) A heroin addict, for instance, leads a　59　life: his increasing need for heroin in increasing doses prevents him from working, from maintaining 　　relationships, from developing in human ways. Md&K#)9,(  
　　59. A. destructive  |$Cfm}  
　　B. dissatisfied `SA1V),~  
　　C. damaged d~q7!  
　　D. derivative .I]EP-  
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四考博英语语法：主谓一致　　1. 整体及抽象概念作主语，谓语通常用单数形式。 ; o(:}d  
　　How you got there doesn’t concern me. uANpqT}!  
　　Growing vegetables needs constant watering. y+ 4#Iy  
　　2.　表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语，谓语多用单数。 ;B !p4hu  
　　Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. Z>~7|v
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　　3. 以-s结尾的专有名词(linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等)，谓语通常用单数形式。 6]mAtA`Y  
　　4. “分数或百分数+主语”，谓语跟主语保持一致。 :o:Z   
　　Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). })j N 8px  
　　5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语，谓语用单数。 o7^0Lo5Z?  
　　Everyone knows that you’ve come here. `O!yt  
　　If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back.　　(--thing 的情况例外) y(O~=S+<  
　　6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致(as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等) 89{`GKWX  
　　He no less than John is interested in literature. EHfB9%O7y  
　　7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) gYloY=.Z$'  
　　Either my father or my brothers are coming. > vXS6`;  
　　8. each,every,many a, no …+主语，谓语用单数。 ^O}J',Fm%f  
　　Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. >>cL"m  
　　真题剖析 $W9dUR0  
　　(2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year,　54 of urbanization ever recorded. :\C/mT3xL)  
　　53. A. none `XM0Mm%  
　　B. few 3S1{r )[j  
　　C. any J ~KygQ3%  
　　D. some E,fbIyX  
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五考博英语语法：倒装　　全部倒装 9i D&y)$"  
　　1. “There (Here) +be+主语” "rVM23@ tq  
　　There stand big buildings in this district. ~qXwQ@  
　　Here on the desk lies a pile of books. $ab{GxmX'4  
　　2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆，如it blew up.) z2Z} mktP  
　　In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. h)aLq