考博英语语法详解（一）

英语语法是针对英语语言的语法进行的研究。语法是组词造句的规则，是把合适的词放进合适位置的艺术，语法可分为两大部分：词法和句法。词法包括各类词的形态及其变化，句法主要讲句子的种类和类型，句子成分以及遣词造句的规律。由此可见学好语法对考博英语的重要性，在此，整理了考博英语必备语法知识点，希望考生们学以致用，考博英语取得好的成绩。一考博英语语法：独立主格     　　　　 _MfXN$I?}  
    1. 充当句子的状语。 QGE)Xn#_bN  
　　2. 有自己的主语，同句子的主语不一致。 P+r-t8  
　　3. 名词(代词，形容词，副词，介词)+ 分词 B\BxF6 y  
　　4.　With + 名词 (代词) + 分词 (形容词) bd],fNgJ  
　　例：a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. |7XV!D!\g  
　　b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. V_*TY6  
　　c) he entered the room, with his hands open(holding a rifle). Tdvw7I-q  
　　真题剖析 0KknsP7  
　　(1995)   45   cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are　 46　 of the material which would　47　feed them. wmu#@Hf/[h  
　　45. A. For 9 z_9yT  
　　B. As -s Iji)t  
　　C. With \yeo-uN8  
　　D. Because >W%tEc  
　　练习： S0+nQM%  
　　Do what you need to do to keep the wolf __7__ from the door, the world __8__ your thesis adviser, team leader, or laboratory director. Then use the rest of your time, perhaps at night or on the weekends, to do __9__ you really want to do. RM2<%$  
　　8. A. is "_Wv,CYmNr  
　　B. having '{9 nQDgT  
　　C. being }r`m(z$z  
　　D. be cnfjOg'\{  
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二考博英语语法：虚拟语气　　虚拟语气 9\F:<Bf$#  
　　1. (should)+动词原形 \OMWE/qMy  
　　It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 ]mEY/)~7  
　　It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 *T(z4RVg  
　　It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 +D ,Nd=/  
　　部分名词/动词(表示建议，劝告，决定等) +that从句  +z/_'DE  
　　2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 }F'B!8n  
　　would rather +动词过去式 |> mx*G  
　　真题剖析 6 Fz?'Xf  
　　(1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I　47　say that teaching is hard work . … a`XXz  
　　47. A. do u_+64c_7  
　　B. did @SH%l]  
　　C. don’t s&-m!|P  
　　D. didn’t ,1-n=eTQ  
　　(1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration　52 , and they　　53　that the professor be sent home. nSWW^ ;  
　　53. A. ordered vb 2mY  
　　B. pleaded ")%)e;V3  
　　C. decided U&W{; myt  
　　D. demanded >^vyp!  
　　练习：Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time that 　　we__15__ this message to heart. *` }Rt  
　　15. A. took O
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　　B. would take /:-8 ,`  
　　C. will take  WW5AD$P*  
　　D. should take >l|ao&z>bm  
　　(2003.3) It is edifying, and it is a source of inner satisfaction even __54__ other facets of life prove disappointing. EyJWi<  
　　(even if other facets of life should prove disappointing.) 3f;W+^NY  
　　54.A. shall :G+8%pUX]  
　　B.will Y*!J +A#  
　　C.would {9(#X]'  
　　D.should ;0j 8Xj  
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三考博英语语法:非谓语动词　　动名词、分词、不定式。 u=epnz:<  
　　主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) 5[^pU$Y  
　　发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) 3LT[?C]H$  
　　To在什么情况下作介词，什么情况下作不定式引导词。 E1p?v!  
　　真题剖析 :Iy4B+  
　　(2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies　60　into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. |8xu*dVAp4  
　　60. A. dropped s*A#;  
　　B. to drop }=)  
　　C. dropping 2<18j  
　　D.drops 8t { -  
　　(2001.3) A heroin addict, for instance, leads a　59　life: his increasing need for heroin in increasing doses prevents him from working, from maintaining 　　relationships, from developing in human ways. :Taequ k  
　　59. A. destructive AQCU\E  
　　B. dissatisfied 8T3j/D<r  
　　C. damaged xj/Iq<'R*O  
　　D. derivative zqd_^  
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四考博英语语法：主谓一致　　1. 整体及抽象概念作主语，谓语通常用单数形式。 4g^nhJP$  
　　How you got there doesn’t concern me. MoIq)5/  
　　Growing vegetables needs constant watering. X?p. U  
　　2.　表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语，谓语多用单数。 'IR
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　　Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. (%` R{Y  
　　3. 以-s结尾的专有名词(linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等)，谓语通常用单数形式。 pf_(?\oz>  
　　4. “分数或百分数+主语”，谓语跟主语保持一致。 EX]LH({?+L  
　　Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). qXI>x6?*  
　　5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语，谓语用单数。 "oZ$/ap\  
　　Everyone knows that you’ve come here. Z
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　　If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back.　　(--thing 的情况例外) *b< a@  
　　6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致(as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等) *U[Nn5#?  
　　He no less than John is interested in literature. !KYX\HRW  
　　7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) C(t>ZR  
　　Either my father or my brothers are coming. 0vu$d xb[  
　　8. each,every,many a, no …+主语，谓语用单数。 s<}d)
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　　Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. z?9vbx  
　　真题剖析 u0Nag=cU  
　　(2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year,　54 of urbanization ever recorded. // [zUn  
　　53. A. none ]VarO'  
　　B. few ?3X(`:KB  
　　C. any ?b}d"QsmU  
　　D. some a{oG[e   
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五考博英语语法：倒装　　全部倒装 j,HUk,e^&  
　　1. “There (Here) +be+主语” C`p)S`d  
　　There stand big buildings in this district. i4' ,d#  
　　Here on the desk lies a pile of books. n!nXM  
　　2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆，如it blew up.) 0`{3|g  
　　In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. +Wr"c