英语语法是针对英语语言的语法进行的研究。语法是组词造句的规则，是把合适的词放进合适位置的艺术，语法可分为两大部分：词法和句法。词法包括各类词的形态及其变化，句法主要讲句子的种类和类型，句子成分以及遣词造句的规律。由此可见学好语法对考博英语的重要性，在此，整理了考博英语必备语法知识点，希望考生们学以致用，考博英语取得好的成绩。一考博英语语法：独立主格 l?rT_uO 4
1. 充当句子的状语。 ]5 _6m;g
2. 有自己的主语，同句子的主语不一致。 ?L'4*S]
3. 名词(代词，形容词，副词，介词)+ 分词 |vI1C5e
4. With + 名词 (代词) + 分词 (形容词) u[>hs
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例：a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. p`CVq `k
b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started.
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c) he entered the room, with his hands open(holding a rifle). s.8]qQR r
真题剖析 DClV&\i=o
(1995) 45 cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are 46 of the material which would 47 feed them. M. (shIu!+
45. A. For [&B}{6wry
B. As Y2B ",v "
C. With O6Gg?j
D. Because -eA3o2'
练习： GY[+HgT
Do what you need to do to keep the wolf __7__ from the door, the world __8__ your thesis adviser, team leader, or laboratory director. Then use the rest of your time, perhaps at night or on the weekends, to do __9__ you really want to do. [|NgrU_.
8. A. is rK@ UCRf
B. having !6 k{]v
C. being 4wa8Vw`
D. be /P8`)?f~y
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二考博英语语法：虚拟语气 虚拟语气 'h:[[D%H`
1. (should)+动词原形 !FhiTh:GCh
It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 +"!=E
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It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 UhX`BGpM{
It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句
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部分名词/动词(表示建议，劝告，决定等) +that从句 , XZ[L?
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2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 ~H0WHqcy
would rather +动词过去式 G#~6a%VW
真题剖析 t\p_QWnF
(1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I 47 say that teaching is hard work . … 3}}#'5D
47. A. do GsG9;6c+u
B. did ?D^l&`S
C. don’t X[XSf=
D. didn’t vT7ei"~&u
(1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration 52 , and they 53 that the professor be sent home. |0wUOs*5
53. A. ordered P]pVYX# m
B. pleaded dB^')-wA
C. decided mB:I8g7
D. demanded !7 :~ "kk
练习：Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time that we__15__ this message to heart. jx=2^A/i2-
15. A. took m
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B. would take nsq7,
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C. will take ^c9~~m16+
D. should take TT(d CH ft
(2003.3) It is edifying, and it is a source of inner satisfaction even __54__ other facets of life prove disappointing. w:}RS.AK
(even if other facets of life should prove disappointing.) 4YVxRZ1[3
54.A. shall h4x R RyK
B.will 0%
C.would ypuW}H%`
D.should T1@]:`&
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三考博英语语法:非谓语动词 动名词、分词、不定式。 |WiK*
主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) & >AXB6
发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) O; qerE?i`
To在什么情况下作介词，什么情况下作不定式引导词。 aF:_ 1. LC
真题剖析 -P09u82
(2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies 60 into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. [Ng#/QXk{
60. A. dropped dpO ZqhRs.
B. to drop (R*K)(Nw[
C. dropping #:v e3gWl
D.drops m~fA=#l
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(2001.3) A heroin addict, for instance, leads a 59 life: his increasing need for heroin in increasing doses prevents him from working, from maintaining relationships, from developing in human ways. "8Ud
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59. A. destructive bBkF,`/f$
B. dissatisfied Ly?gpOqu5
C. damaged /?%zNkcxu
D. derivative ?hh
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四考博英语语法：主谓一致 1. 整体及抽象概念作主语，谓语通常用单数形式。 C@
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How you got there doesn’t concern me. ZZf-c5 g
Growing vegetables needs constant watering. 6@-VLO))O
2. 表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语，谓语多用单数。 d v@B-l;
Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. **V^8'W<
3. 以-s结尾的专有名词(linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等)，谓语通常用单数形式。 MfhJ b_q`
4. “分数或百分数+主语”，谓语跟主语保持一致。 wRL=9/5(8
Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). /s3AZ j9
5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语，谓语用单数。 -MV </
Everyone knows that you’ve come here. `<Xq@\H
If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back. (--thing 的情况例外) < @9p|[!
6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致(as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等) r5XG$:$8\
He no less than John is interested in literature. %D|27gh
7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) j?ihUNY!+
Either my father or my brothers are coming. Ycypd\q/
8. each,every,many a, no …+主语，谓语用单数。
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Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. jk2h"):B>
真题剖析 $\l7aA 5~
(2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year, 54 of urbanization ever recorded. f} g )3+i
53. A. none E.]sX_X?
B. few h
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C. any Yhl {'
D. some ?y82S*sb#
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五考博英语语法：倒装 全部倒装 <>`+" O}
1. “There (Here) +be+主语” 2Q`@lTUv
There stand big buildings in this district. Bi9
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Here on the desk lies a pile of books. e0%?;w-TL
2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆，如it blew up.) } )O ^xF ~
In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. S 8mqz.
