英语语法是针对英语语言的语法进行的研究。语法是组词造句的规则，是把合适的词放进合适位置的艺术，语法可分为两大部分：词法和句法。词法包括各类词的形态及其变化，句法主要讲句子的种类和类型，句子成分以及遣词造句的规律。由此可见学好语法对考博英语的重要性，在此，整理了考博英语必备语法知识点，希望考生们学以致用，考博英语取得好的成绩。一考博英语语法：独立主格 O,hT<
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1. 充当句子的状语。 j]YS(Y@AY
2. 有自己的主语，同句子的主语不一致。 t}]=5)9<
3. 名词(代词，形容词，副词，介词)+ 分词 r IY_1
4. With + 名词 (代词) + 分词 (形容词) | tyVC=${
例：a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. :6%wVy5
b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started.
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c) he entered the room, with his hands open(holding a rifle). fgq#Oi}
真题剖析 [>v.#:YM^
(1995) 45 cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are 46 of the material which would 47 feed them. r. :LZEr
45. A. For '
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B. As yd'>Mw
C. With +q6/'ErN]m
D. Because }[\l$s S
练习： 0p)
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Do what you need to do to keep the wolf __7__ from the door, the world __8__ your thesis adviser, team leader, or laboratory director. Then use the rest of your time, perhaps at night or on the weekends, to do __9__ you really want to do. [}|x@
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B. having jEo)#j];`<
C. being !#Ub*qY1Z
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二考博英语语法：虚拟语气 虚拟语气 Cjc>0)f&.
1. (should)+动词原形 ibAZ=RD
It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 &e0BL z
It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 C0(?f
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It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 ;SnpD)x@)
部分名词/动词(表示建议，劝告，决定等) +that从句 r$T\@oTL
2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 '"qTmo!
would rather +动词过去式 ]Dec/Nnj
真题剖析 : 7>o Fz
(1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I 47 say that teaching is hard work . … ;UUpkOQO(
47. A. do 1cq"H/N
B. did zZp0g^;.
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C. don’t 3b{ 7Z 2
D. didn’t
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(1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration 52 , and they 53 that the professor be sent home. &YpViC4K.
53. A. ordered {G. W?
B. pleaded /o L &
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C. decided Zaime
D. demanded Z mVw5G
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练习：Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time that we__15__ this message to heart. ; YN`E
15. A. took . ,h>2;f
B. would take <fS WX>pR
C. will take W>#[a % R
D. should take ^#( B4l!
(2003.3) It is edifying, and it is a source of inner satisfaction even __54__ other facets of life prove disappointing. 9[2qgw\D
(even if other facets of life should prove disappointing.) }uR[H2D`L
54.A. shall d?ru8
B.will 0Wkk$0h9
C.would epN!+(v
D.should 2NMg+Lt8v
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三考博英语语法:非谓语动词 动名词、分词、不定式。 z`}z7e'>
主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) - f?8O6e
发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) 22OfbwCb
To在什么情况下作介词，什么情况下作不定式引导词。 < uYrYqN
真题剖析 &=^YN"=Z
(2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies 60 into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. X;bHlA-g
60. A. dropped
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B. to drop !F:AN
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C. dropping /S{U|GBB%r
D.drops ?:tk8Kgf
(2001.3) A heroin addict, for instance, leads a 59 life: his increasing need for heroin in increasing doses prevents him from working, from maintaining relationships, from developing in human ways. 9])Id;+91
59. A. destructive A` ~R\ j
B. dissatisfied q 4ttmL8
C. damaged Q7.jSL6
D. derivative Kf-XL ),3l
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四考博英语语法：主谓一致 1. 整体及抽象概念作主语，谓语通常用单数形式。
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How you got there doesn’t concern me. CNe(]HIOH
Growing vegetables needs constant watering. |:.s6a# (
2. 表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语，谓语多用单数。 ~47 0LgpO1
Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. 4.
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3. 以-s结尾的专有名词(linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等)，谓语通常用单数形式。 ch2m Ei(
4. “分数或百分数+主语”，谓语跟主语保持一致。 `_f&T} ]
Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water).
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5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语，谓语用单数。 /d+v4GIB
Everyone knows that you’ve come here. 2D(sA
If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back. (--thing 的情况例外) 1`1jSx5}.
6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致(as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等) g(auB /0s
He no less than John is interested in literature. 9M^5<8:
7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) 6 .9C 4
Either my father or my brothers are coming. C A1Jjm=
8. each,every,many a, no …+主语，谓语用单数。 !?R#e`}
Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. -Bq]E,Xf)
真题剖析 WJxcJE
(2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year, 54 of urbanization ever recorded. cNT !}8
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53. A. none e_-7,5Co
B. few *o5 [P\'6
C. any q{Gh5zg5O
D. some +1I 7 K|M
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五考博英语语法：倒装 全部倒装 33KC
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1. “There (Here) +be+主语” t^Lb}A# $4
There stand big buildings in this district. 3#x1(+c6
Here on the desk lies a pile of books. &^K(9 "
2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆，如it blew up.) H)h^|A/vO
In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. S>b
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