考博英语语法详解（一）

英语语法是针对英语语言的语法进行的研究。语法是组词造句的规则，是把合适的词放进合适位置的艺术，语法可分为两大部分：词法和句法。词法包括各类词的形态及其变化，句法主要讲句子的种类和类型，句子成分以及遣词造句的规律。由此可见学好语法对考博英语的重要性，在此，整理了考博英语必备语法知识点，希望考生们学以致用，考博英语取得好的成绩。一考博英语语法：独立主格     　　　　 =kUN ^hb  
    1. 充当句子的状语。 Cu0N/hBT  
　　2. 有自己的主语，同句子的主语不一致。  A({8p  
　　3. 名词(代词，形容词，副词，介词)+ 分词 AoEG%nT  
　　4.　With + 名词 (代词) + 分词 (形容词) fRe$}KX
 
　　例：a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. 8#w}wGV*  
　　b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. b<B|p|  
　　c) he entered the room, with his hands open(holding a rifle). $g55wGF  
　　真题剖析 "|S \J5-%  
　　(1995)   45   cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are　 46　 of the material which would　47　feed them. hmOhXE[a&  
　　45. A. For aU3 m{pE  
　　B. As 2bS)|#v<_t  
　　C. With {4g1Wr5=  
　　D. Because *
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　　练习： 
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　　Do what you need to do to keep the wolf __7__ from the door, the world __8__ your thesis adviser, team leader, or laboratory director. Then use the rest of your time, perhaps at night or on the weekends, to do __9__ you really want to do. (
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　　8. A. is  ] }XK  
　　B. having h1Ca9Z_  
　　C. being "PBUyh-Z  
　　D. be zm}4=Kz}  
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二考博英语语法：虚拟语气　　虚拟语气 <`sVu  
　　1. (should)+动词原形 Ud0%O   
　　It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 IBY3QG
 
　　It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 #F.;N<a  
　　It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 c?Bi  
　　部分名词/动词(表示建议，劝告，决定等) +that从句 ^9o;=!D!9  
　　2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 
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　　would rather +动词过去式 dWE[*a\g  
　　真题剖析 '8~7Ru\KyX  
　　(1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I　47　say that teaching is hard work . … 34 W#  
　　47. A. do }`4o+  
　　B. did OC9_EP\"  
　　C. don’t |]~tX zY  
　　D. didn’t WEUr;
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　　(1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration　52 , and they　　53　that the professor be sent home. J[;c}  
　　53. A. ordered "?V4Tl~uu  
　　B. pleaded 3@?#4]D{'  
　　C. decided <0vQHND,3  
　　D. demanded f3s0.G#l  
　　练习：Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time that 　　we__15__ this message to heart. ErJ i  
　　15. A. took  pzezN  
　　B. would take (F]f{8  
　　C. will take IP$^)t[  
　　D. should take (1fE^KF@f  
　　(2003.3) It is edifying, and it is a source of inner satisfaction even __54__ other facets of life prove disappointing. XQ- -8G  
　　(even if other facets of life should prove disappointing.) <P ~+H>;  
　　54.A. shall vL{~?vq6  
　　B.will /}r%DND'  
　　C.would @P6K`'.0  
　　D.should MZZ4  
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三考博英语语法:非谓语动词　　动名词、分词、不定式。 /OK.n3Tt  
　　主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) *Eu ca~%=  
　　发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) <)n1
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　　To在什么情况下作介词，什么情况下作不定式引导词。 y. @7aT5  
　　真题剖析 o8BbSZVu  
　　(2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies　60　into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. QQ!%lbMK]  
　　60. A. dropped bKYLBu:  
　　B. to drop pMYEL  
　　C. dropping R{\vOw:*  
　　D.drops rJ]iJ0[I  
　　(2001.3) A heroin addict, for instance, leads a　59　life: his increasing need for heroin in increasing doses prevents him from working, from maintaining 　　relationships, from developing in human ways. ~4'e)g.hG  
　　59. A. destructive r5Jy( ~  
　　B. dissatisfied ;&37mO/T  
　　C. damaged 1mgLH  
　　D. derivative F(^vD_
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四考博英语语法：主谓一致　　1. 整体及抽象概念作主语，谓语通常用单数形式。 9xyj,;P>  
　　How you got there doesn’t concern me. ?P
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　　Growing vegetables needs constant watering. IUAx*R  
　　2.　表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语，谓语多用单数。 3bu VU&ap  
　　Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. HhhN8t  
　　3. 以-s结尾的专有名词(linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等)，谓语通常用单数形式。 [0El z@.C  
　　4. “分数或百分数+主语”，谓语跟主语保持一致。 _,"T;i  
　　Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). B/:q  
　　5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语，谓语用单数。 CO%7^}xSE,  
　　Everyone knows that you’ve come here. 5'd$TC  
　　If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back.　　(--thing 的情况例外) Ij` %'/J  
　　6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致(as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等) ' 7+x,TszI  
　　He no less than John is interested in literature. P{i\x#  
　　7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) !qS~Y
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　　Either my father or my brothers are coming. [^$nt  
　　8. each,every,many a, no …+主语，谓语用单数。 f5"1WtB  
　　Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. $~!%Px)  
　　真题剖析 O`Er*-O  
　　(2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year,　54 of urbanization ever recorded. H<#M)8  
　　53. A. none 7n9&@D3:P  
　　B. few L15?\|':
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　　C. any :m]~o3KRy  
　　D. some u,AP$+Qk  
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五考博英语语法：倒装　　全部倒装 jj_z#6{  
　　1. “There (Here) +be+主语” `ltc)$  
　　There stand big buildings in this district. L[lX?g?Ob  
　　Here on the desk lies a pile of books. (RVe,0y  
　　2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆，如it blew up.) E-IVv  
　　In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man.  <*EMcZ