考博英语语法详解（一）

英语语法是针对英语语言的语法进行的研究。语法是组词造句的规则，是把合适的词放进合适位置的艺术，语法可分为两大部分：词法和句法。词法包括各类词的形态及其变化，句法主要讲句子的种类和类型，句子成分以及遣词造句的规律。由此可见学好语法对考博英语的重要性，在此，整理了考博英语必备语法知识点，希望考生们学以致用，考博英语取得好的成绩。一考博英语语法：独立主格     　　　　 a/.O,&3  
    1. 充当句子的状语。 z^/aJ@gQ  
　　2. 有自己的主语，同句子的主语不一致。 }{^i*T5rl  
　　3. 名词(代词，形容词，副词，介词)+ 分词 b|c?xHF}K  
　　4.　With + 名词 (代词) + 分词 (形容词) VY'#>k}}  
　　例：a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. '\:?FQ C  
　　b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. )>)_>[  
　　c) he entered the room, with his hands open(holding a rifle). )T6+}   
　　真题剖析 8VLr*83~8  
　　(1995)   45   cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are　 46　 of the material which would　47　feed them. Pl=X<B
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　　45. A. For H~c+L'=  
　　B. As 7 :s6W%W1*  
　　C. With g]C+uj^  
　　D. Because nTSGcMI
 
　　练习： 3\FiQ/?  
　　Do what you need to do to keep the wolf __7__ from the door, the world __8__ your thesis adviser, team leader, or laboratory director. Then use the rest of your time, perhaps at night or on the weekends, to do __9__ you really want to do. AA}M"8~2  
　　8. A. is voaRh@DZ%/  
　　B. having ushQWP)  
　　C. being au8bEw&W  
　　D. be YTq> K/  
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二考博英语语法：虚拟语气　　虚拟语气 GZ@!jF>!u  
　　1. (should)+动词原形 t09,X  
　　It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 SDV} bN  
　　It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 m%q#x8Fp  
　　It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 E/_=0t  
　　部分名词/动词(表示建议，劝告，决定等) +that从句 W"|89\p}  
　　2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 z@VY s  
　　would rather +动词过去式 xYRL4  
　　真题剖析 2`t4@T  
　　(1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I　47　say that teaching is hard work . … 0_Etm83Wq6  
　　47. A. do Jx_ OT C  
　　B. did Kd;
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　　C. don’t a&ZH  
　　D. didn’t 2NsI3M4$8  
　　(1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration　52 , and they　　53　that the professor be sent home. ` M"Z q  
　　53. A. ordered .he%a3e  
　　B. pleaded ;wDcYs  
　　C. decided V|xR`Q  
　　D. demanded 4jis\W}%L3  
　　练习：Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time that 　　we__15__ this message to heart. u&bo32fc  
　　15. A. took "v jFL9  
　　B. would take N+!{Bt*  
　　C. will take @?*26}qp  
　　D. should take R$(,~~MH  
　　(2003.3) It is edifying, and it is a source of inner satisfaction even __54__ other facets of life prove disappointing. 8Z/P<u  
　　(even if other facets of life should prove disappointing.) athU  
　　54.A. shall 2}I1z_dq~  
　　B.will nd_d tsp#  
　　C.would +n^$4f  
　　D.should T
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三考博英语语法:非谓语动词　　动名词、分词、不定式。  *"O7ml
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　　主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) #<4h Y7/  
　　发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) `IkWS7 |  
　　To在什么情况下作介词，什么情况下作不定式引导词。 =|pQA~UU#  
　　真题剖析 ,t5Ku)eNm  
　　(2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies　60　into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. ,V.X-`Y  
　　60. A. dropped %@kmuz??  
　　B. to drop /u*((AJ?Qv  
　　C. dropping k1_f7_m  
　　D.drops cZZ-K?_  
　　(2001.3) A heroin addict, for instance, leads a　59　life: his increasing need for heroin in increasing doses prevents him from working, from maintaining 　　relationships, from developing in human ways. vitmG'|WG  
　　59. A. destructive 29 Yg>R!/  
　　B. dissatisfied DE ^{8YX,  
　　C. damaged HPg@yx"U  
　　D. derivative "^Tb8!  
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四考博英语语法：主谓一致　　1. 整体及抽象概念作主语，谓语通常用单数形式。 a~9U{)@F  
　　How you got there doesn’t concern me. I|n<B"Q6^  
　　Growing vegetables needs constant watering. y5RcJM  
　　2.　表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语，谓语多用单数。 5|9,S  
　　Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. >|/NDF=\s  
　　3. 以-s结尾的专有名词(linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等)，谓语通常用单数形式。 0.~QA+BD:S  
　　4. “分数或百分数+主语”，谓语跟主语保持一致。 O3j:Y|N@F  
　　Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). #78p#E  
　　5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语，谓语用单数。 m3+MRy5  
　　Everyone knows that you’ve come here. :0Rd )*k,v  
　　If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back.　　(--thing 的情况例外) _b&Mrd  
　　6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致(as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等) 0gL]^_+7  
　　He no less than John is interested in literature. h*Rh:yCR>  
　　7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) 3qXOsa7  
　　Either my father or my brothers are coming. `kpX}cKK}  
　　8. each,every,many a, no …+主语，谓语用单数。 (Ub=sC  
　　Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. SsIy;l  
　　真题剖析 {Uz@`QO3  
　　(2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year,　54 of urbanization ever recorded. JN .\{ Y  
　　53. A. none GLp2 ?fon  
　　B. few d(3F:dbk  
　　C. any %g5TU 6WP  
　　D. some -icOg6%  
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五考博英语语法：倒装　　全部倒装 n#uH^@#0  
　　1. “There (Here) +be+主语” (v6t E[4  
　　There stand big buildings in this district. cv=nG Fx6  
　　Here on the desk lies a pile of books. I?YT
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　　2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆，如it blew up.) Sf);j0G,D  
　　In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. o@>{kzCx