英语语法是针对英语语言的语法进行的研究。语法是组词造句的规则，是把合适的词放进合适位置的艺术，语法可分为两大部分：词法和句法。词法包括各类词的形态及其变化，句法主要讲句子的种类和类型，句子成分以及遣词造句的规律。由此可见学好语法对考博英语的重要性，在此，整理了考博英语必备语法知识点，希望考生们学以致用，考博英语取得好的成绩。一考博英语语法：独立主格 'n9<z)/,!
1. 充当句子的状语。 c3 X'Sv
2. 有自己的主语，同句子的主语不一致。 3=reN6Q
3. 名词(代词，形容词，副词，介词)+ 分词 aP%2CP~_ P
4. With + 名词 (代词) + 分词 (形容词) bvf}r
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例：a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. x2|YrkGv
b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. f
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c) he entered the room, with his hands open(holding a rifle). cH&-/|N
真题剖析 k}5Sz
(1995) 45 cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are 46 of the material which would 47 feed them. y&HfF ~
45. A. For :
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D. Because u}eqU%
练习： E|(T
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Do what you need to do to keep the wolf __7__ from the door, the world __8__ your thesis adviser, team leader, or laboratory director. Then use the rest of your time, perhaps at night or on the weekends, to do __9__ you really want to do. JMMT 886
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二考博英语语法：虚拟语气 虚拟语气 z|w @eQ",
1. (should)+动词原形 Y:GSjq
It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 Y#>'.$ (Az
It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 {*gO1TZt9
It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 Q>jx`68'KI
部分名词/动词(表示建议，劝告，决定等) +that从句 HLL[r0P`F
2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 9 ~
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would rather +动词过去式 ^BDM'
真题剖析 %^e~;i=2
(1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I 47 say that teaching is hard work . … ,G";ny [$
47. A. do ' }G
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B. did fOE8{O^W
C. don’t 5H (CP
D. didn’t |T!^&t
(1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration 52 , and they 53 that the professor be sent home. n|t?MoUP
53. A. ordered G+k [.
B. pleaded .AEOf0t
C. decided t7A '
D. demanded /i$ -ws-
练习：Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time that we__15__ this message to heart. @ x9DV{j)V
15. A. took <AZ21" oR/
B. would take -JL
C. will take S >E|A %
D. should take KmuE#Ia
(2003.3) It is edifying, and it is a source of inner satisfaction even __54__ other facets of life prove disappointing. 7@[3]c<=
(even if other facets of life should prove disappointing.) ?{bF3Mz=
54.A. shall (C< ~:Y?%
B.will 0_Gi1)
C.would Yzr Rn Vr
D.should K<@g U\-!
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三考博英语语法:非谓语动词 动名词、分词、不定式。 b;wf7 ~a*
主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) ]= 2w Q8
发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) Ka[@-XH
To在什么情况下作介词，什么情况下作不定式引导词。 Of)EBa<5 ^
真题剖析 PJC[#>}
(2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies 60 into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. U.7;:W}c
60. A. dropped (kpn"]^'
B. to drop yNY *Fl!
C. dropping
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D.drops w7b?ve3-
(2001.3) A heroin addict, for instance, leads a 59 life: his increasing need for heroin in increasing doses prevents him from working, from maintaining relationships, from developing in human ways. xkv2#"*v
59. A. destructive }}a<!L ,{
B. dissatisfied \;0J6L Bc
C. damaged nSH
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D. derivative
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四考博英语语法：主谓一致 1. 整体及抽象概念作主语，谓语通常用单数形式。 B_FfXFQm<
How you got there doesn’t concern me. "y R56`=
Growing vegetables needs constant watering. #J AU5d
2. 表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语，谓语多用单数。 \>0F{-cR$
Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. ny :c&XS
3. 以-s结尾的专有名词(linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等)，谓语通常用单数形式。 ZyE 2=w7n
4. “分数或百分数+主语”，谓语跟主语保持一致。 8 i!~w 7z
Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). b* 4[)Yg4
5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语，谓语用单数。 ayfZ>x{s*
Everyone knows that you’ve come here. *wW/nr=\;
If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back. (--thing 的情况例外) a jy.K'B*
6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致(as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等) '>:mEXK}w
He no less than John is interested in literature. 'U<-w$!f+^
7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) &wj;:
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Either my father or my brothers are coming. ;^ )(q<]
8. each,every,many a, no …+主语，谓语用单数。 tN|sHgs
Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. <wwcPe}
真题剖析 \XR%pC
(2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year, 54 of urbanization ever recorded. )i&9)_ro
53. A. none Fy-+? ~
B. few '>(R'g42n
C. any SJ1
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D. some gvYib`#
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五考博英语语法：倒装 全部倒装 !pI)i*V|
1. “There (Here) +be+主语”
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There stand big buildings in this district. \ief [
Here on the desk lies a pile of books. ,)A^ 3Q*
2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆，如it blew up.) 7G}vQ O
In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. IWN:GFH(
