英语语法是针对英语语言的语法进行的研究。语法是组词造句的规则,是把合适的词放进合适位置的艺术,语法可分为两大部分:词法和句法。词法包括各类词的形态及其变化,句法主要讲句子的种类和类型,句子成分以及遣词造句的规律。由此可见学好语法对考博英语的重要性,在此,整理了考博英语必备语法知识点,希望考生们学以致用,考博英语取得好的成绩。一考博英语语法:独立主格 _U%2J4T2
1. 充当句子的状语。 'V:ah38
2. 有自己的主语,同句子的主语不一致。 Y/G~P,9
3. 名词(代词,形容词,副词,介词)+ 分词 ,+E"s3NW
4. With + 名词 (代词) + 分词 (形容词) Z<
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例:a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. =7<g;u
b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. -<aN$O
c) he entered the room, with his hands open(holding a rifle). R8fB
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真题剖析 R(DlJ
(1995) 45 cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are 46 of the material which would 47 feed them. z4*`K4W
45. A. For ,c[f/sT\
B. As TllIs&MCe
C. With #
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D. Because Y+_t50S
练习: |1^
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Do what you need to do to keep the wolf __7__ from the door, the world __8__ your thesis adviser, team leader, or laboratory director. Then use the rest of your time, perhaps at night or on the weekends, to do __9__ you really want to do. f;%\4TH
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8. A. is %
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B. having _9b;8%?Yf
C. being #Up
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D. be c~iAjq+c
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二考博英语语法:虚拟语气 虚拟语气 {/SLDyf%Z
1. (should)+动词原形 m8<l2O=m
It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 FTC,{$
It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 1<d|@
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It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 mA>u6Rlc
部分名词/动词(表示建议,劝告,决定等) +that从句 z\?cazQ
2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 V.Ki$0>
would rather +动词过去式 UFY_.N~
真题剖析 !L_\6;aP,x
(1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I 47 say that teaching is hard work . … .3yxg}E>{
47. A. do CP!>V:w%9!
B. did WaYT7 :
C. don’t XhEd9>#
D. didn’t 9py*gN#
(1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration 52 , and they 53 that the professor be sent home. ^&6'FE
53. A. ordered Auz.wes
B. pleaded W_ hckq.
C. decided N++
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D. demanded ?XNQ_m8f
练习:Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time that we__15__ this message to heart. L#^'9v}Hb
15. A. took iI(7{$y
B. would take '8b/TL
C. will take
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D. should take }^np
(2003.3) It is edifying, and it is a source of inner satisfaction even __54__ other facets of life prove disappointing. o|?bvFC
(even if other facets of life should prove disappointing.) kt*""&R
54.A. shall x{';0MkUV
B.will &hb:
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C.would ZfYva(zP{Q
D.should 6*n<emP
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三考博英语语法:非谓语动词 动名词、分词、不定式。 =6sL}$
主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) ub0uxvz
发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) 6eNo}Tos9
To在什么情况下作介词,什么情况下作不定式引导词。 =E?!!EIq.
真题剖析 ]'2;6%.4
(2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies 60 into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. }Ra'`;D$
60. A. dropped @rO4BTi>O
B. to drop P~5[.6gW
C. dropping 9svn B@
D.drops "#a_--"k9
(2001.3) A heroin addict, for instance, leads a 59 life: his increasing need for heroin in increasing doses prevents him from working, from maintaining relationships, from developing in human ways. ?{OB+f}Mo
59. A. destructive .%(Q*ioDh
B. dissatisfied k9ThWo/#u
C. damaged T7!"gJ
D. derivative ]}~[2k.
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四考博英语语法:主谓一致 1. 整体及抽象概念作主语,谓语通常用单数形式。 oTPPYi[r
How you got there doesn’t concern me. wap@q6fz<
Growing vegetables needs constant watering. 19u'{/Y"
2. 表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语,谓语多用单数。 5f:Mb|.?
Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. BixKK$Lo
3. 以-s结尾的专有名词(linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等),谓语通常用单数形式。 8e`'Ox_5a
4. “分数或百分数+主语”,谓语跟主语保持一致。 @C]Q;>^|
Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). J
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5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语,谓语用单数。 a5v}w7vL
Everyone knows that you’ve come here. ndIf1}
If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back. (--thing 的情况例外) -\b$5oa(
6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致(as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等) =,/08Cs
He no less than John is interested in literature. 8JP{`)
7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) \BV$p2m5-
Either my father or my brothers are coming. WW'8&:x
8. each,every,many a, no …+主语,谓语用单数。 BrdHTk= Vy
Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. u*
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真题剖析 s)=fs#%
(2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year, 54 of urbanization ever recorded. Hl,.6>F?
53. A. none k* ayzg3F>
B. few . C g2Y
C. any %>dCAj"
D. some \"]vSx
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五考博英语语法:倒装 全部倒装 a@ E+/9
1. “There (Here) +be+主语” 7q>Y)*V
There stand big buildings in this district. mVg$z
Here on the desk lies a pile of books. l\PDou@5
2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆,如it blew up.) e/pZLj]M
In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. *o}LI6_u