英语语法是针对英语语言的语法进行的研究。语法是组词造句的规则，是把合适的词放进合适位置的艺术，语法可分为两大部分：词法和句法。词法包括各类词的形态及其变化，句法主要讲句子的种类和类型，句子成分以及遣词造句的规律。由此可见学好语法对考博英语的重要性，在此，整理了考博英语必备语法知识点，希望考生们学以致用，考博英语取得好的成绩。一考博英语语法：独立主格 Eh:yR J_8
1. 充当句子的状语。 i"< ZVw
2. 有自己的主语，同句子的主语不一致。 l -XnB
3. 名词(代词，形容词，副词，介词)+ 分词 !@A|L#*
4. With + 名词 (代词) + 分词 (形容词) URk$}_39
例：a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. o;E (Kj
b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. k~& o
c) he entered the room, with his hands open(holding a rifle). PMQb\%iE"
真题剖析 BL7>dZOa
(1995) 45 cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are 46 of the material which would 47 feed them. \Ec
X!aC
45. A. For !eV^Ah>PZ
B. As 4bE42c=Ca7
C. With w8O hJv
D. Because O0-> sR
练习： *u58l(&`8
Do what you need to do to keep the wolf __7__ from the door, the world __8__ your thesis adviser, team leader, or laboratory director. Then use the rest of your time, perhaps at night or on the weekends, to do __9__ you really want to do. p1C_`f N,
8. A. is g^qz&;R]
B. having n<=y"*
C. being =7#
u+*Yr9
D. be { 576+:*
)8 oEs
<1
TlW
~q<
二考博英语语法：虚拟语气 虚拟语气 dvC0
<*V
1. (should)+动词原形
{_rZRyr
It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 3/SfUfWo
It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 8m oUK3w
It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 8 .:B=A
部分名词/动词(表示建议，劝告，决定等) +that从句 ys:1Z\$P
2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 xV "6d{+
would rather +动词过去式 ~ W2:NQ>i
真题剖析 _3s ~!2
(1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I 47 say that teaching is hard work . … U+(Z#b(Q
47. A. do &8pCHGmV)
B. did # FrwfJOV
C. don’t "bv,I-\
D. didn’t
iK$Vd+Lgc
(1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration 52 , and they 53 that the professor be sent home. :!r9 =N 9
53. A. ordered a7ub.9>
B. pleaded >1#DPU(g
C. decided W@R$' r,@O
D. demanded QCZ,K" y
练习：Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time that we__15__ this message to heart. Zm"!E6`69
15. A. took `I]1l MJ)o
B. would take Q
`J,dzY
C. will take L7~+x^kw
D. should take [lDt0l5^
(2003.3) It is edifying, and it is a source of inner satisfaction even __54__ other facets of life prove disappointing. U08<V:~
(even if other facets of life should prove disappointing.) $ Uv<LVd(
54.A. shall BN<#x@m$ ]
B.will d/ 'A\"o+
C.would .{'Uvn
D.should N} .Q%&6:
];d5 X
;-Y]X(z>
三考博英语语法:非谓语动词 动名词、分词、不定式。 ~p X(w!^
主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) 0- ;DN:>
发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) e')&ODQ H
To在什么情况下作介词，什么情况下作不定式引导词。 U5@TaGbx
真题剖析 iOX4Kl
(2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies 60 into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. {WM&
60. A. dropped `JY>v io
B. to drop Se;?j-
C. dropping zd6Qw-D7x
D.drops Nj3^"} V
(2001.3) A heroin addict, for instance, leads a 59 life: his increasing need for heroin in increasing doses prevents him from working, from maintaining relationships, from developing in human ways. `a/PI c"
59. A. destructive %z! d4J75
B. dissatisfied Xn
ZX *Y]"
C. damaged &4[#_(pk
D. derivative rlUd Aa 3
j]ln
:?\
dEAAm=K,<
四考博英语语法：主谓一致 1. 整体及抽象概念作主语，谓语通常用单数形式。 +s*l#'Q
How you got there doesn’t concern me. CL<KBmW7
Growing vegetables needs constant watering. W O+?gu
2. 表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语，谓语多用单数。 %x'bo>h@
Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. +qSr
=Y:+
3. 以-s结尾的专有名词(linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等)，谓语通常用单数形式。 vhE}{ED
4. “分数或百分数+主语”，谓语跟主语保持一致。 m|e*Jc
Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). E^EU+})Ujr
5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语，谓语用单数。 J?n)FgxS
Everyone knows that you’ve come here. :)+@qxTy
If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back. (--thing 的情况例外) 23u1nU[0
6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致(as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等) \$~ oH3m&
He no less than John is interested in literature. Z imMjZ%4
7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) )o'U0rAx|a
Either my father or my brothers are coming. 4-}A'fTU8
8. each,every,many a, no …+主语，谓语用单数。
Vf,~MG
Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. (-Ct!aW|
真题剖析 Y=WN4w
(2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year, 54 of urbanization ever recorded. meM.?kk(
53. A. none 2
cX"#."5p
B. few h7W%}6Cqkw
C. any &"j).Ogm4
D. some @<w9fzi
4k&O-70y4^
C+#;L+$Gi
五考博英语语法：倒装 全部倒装 NV:XPw/
1. “There (Here) +be+主语”
|<Dx
There stand big buildings in this district. ga1gd
~a
Here on the desk lies a pile of books. eze(>0\f
2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆，如it blew up.) t ]I(98pY
In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. ^B6i6]Pd=9
