考博英语语法详解（一）

英语语法是针对英语语言的语法进行的研究。语法是组词造句的规则，是把合适的词放进合适位置的艺术，语法可分为两大部分：词法和句法。词法包括各类词的形态及其变化，句法主要讲句子的种类和类型，句子成分以及遣词造句的规律。由此可见学好语法对考博英语的重要性，在此，整理了考博英语必备语法知识点，希望考生们学以致用，考博英语取得好的成绩。一考博英语语法：独立主格     　　　　 sY6'y'a95  
    1. 充当句子的状语。 ZF t^q/pw  
　　2. 有自己的主语，同句子的主语不一致。 X3-1)|g !z  
　　3. 名词(代词，形容词，副词，介词)+ 分词 1(?J>{-lw  
　　4.　With + 名词 (代词) + 分词 (形容词) :R Q[(zD]  
　　例：a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. lET)<V(Y  
　　b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. -J30g\  
　　c) he entered the room, with his hands open(holding a rifle). Jzdc'3dq  
　　真题剖析 G6,8Xwk  
　　(1995)   45   cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are　 46　 of the material which would　47　feed them. Sy'>JHx  
　　45. A. For -Fd i,\e  
　　B. As H<xC%/8  
　　C. With ul%bo%&~  
　　D. Because :kVV.a#g  
　　练习： )q^vitkjup  
　　Do what you need to do to keep the wolf __7__ from the door, the world __8__ your thesis adviser, team leader, or laboratory director. Then use the rest of your time, perhaps at night or on the weekends, to do __9__ you really want to do. #K l2K4  
　　8. A. is aOHCr>po,  
　　B. having '=H^m D+gl  
　　C. being [5VUcXGt*\  
　　D. be DPwSg\*)  
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二考博英语语法：虚拟语气　　虚拟语气 r+\z0_' w6  
　　1. (should)+动词原形 ^ ?=K )  
　　It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 v'!N

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　　It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 c-.>C)  
　　It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 JB+pFBeY  
　　部分名词/动词(表示建议，劝告，决定等) +that从句 W~%~^2g ;k  
　　2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 _@N)]!\MgP  
　　would rather +动词过去式 `X='g96C1  
　　真题剖析 $vBU}~l7  
　　(1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I　47　say that teaching is hard work . … lX*;KHT)  
　　47. A. do ,}tdfkZFYl  
　　B. did 6^|6V  
　　C. don’t a<wZv-\Vau  
　　D. didn’t U!/nD~A  
　　(1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration　52 , and they　　53　that the professor be sent home. 'pY;]^M  
　　53. A. ordered Qu,k  
　　B. pleaded _vdxxhJ=P3  
　　C. decided ~(j'a!#Vvk  
　　D. demanded DOVX$N$3  
　　练习：Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time that 　　we__15__ this message to heart.  <%D"eD  
　　15. A. took ,-3(^d\1F  
　　B. would take c@- K  
　　C. will take 1Wk EPj,  
　　D. should take 3Jm'q,TC  
　　(2003.3) It is edifying, and it is a source of inner satisfaction even __54__ other facets of life prove disappointing. 7f%Qc %B  
　　(even if other facets of life should prove disappointing.) "O[76}I+.q  
　　54.A. shall Sz|CreFK16  
　　B.will ,/6:b
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　　C.would *ZR@z80i  
　　D.should `4.sy +2  
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三考博英语语法:非谓语动词　　动名词、分词、不定式。 nRB>[lG  
　　主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) BZ+ mO  
　　发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) Ws* PMK.0  
　　To在什么情况下作介词，什么情况下作不定式引导词。 Ccr+SR2  
　　真题剖析 z|]oM#Gt  
　　(2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies　60　into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. 0r-lb[n8i  
　　60. A. dropped 6IY}SI0N  
　　B. to drop '?G[T28  
　　C. dropping 3{4/7DcX  
　　D.drops =x0"6gTz>  
　　(2001.3) A heroin addict, for instance, leads a　59　life: his increasing need for heroin in increasing doses prevents him from working, from maintaining 　　relationships, from developing in human ways. nqxq@.L2  
　　59. A. destructive W B*`zCM  
　　B. dissatisfied :.S41S   
　　C. damaged HS `bto0*  
　　D. derivative @yn^6cE  
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四考博英语语法：主谓一致　　1. 整体及抽象概念作主语，谓语通常用单数形式。 wEfz2Eq  
　　How you got there doesn’t concern me. Iwt2}E(e  
　　Growing vegetables needs constant watering. ]PzTl {]  
　　2.　表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语，谓语多用单数。 P\X=*  
　　Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. Wt+y-ES  
　　3. 以-s结尾的专有名词(linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等)，谓语通常用单数形式。 bmO__1  
　　4. “分数或百分数+主语”，谓语跟主语保持一致。 K_&c5(-
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　　Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). YoF\MT]W  
　　5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语，谓语用单数。 Q}Ze-JIL$  
　　Everyone knows that you’ve come here. V"7<[u]K|  
　　If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back.　　(--thing 的情况例外) M 8?#%x6;N  
　　6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致(as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等) XY!{g(  
　　He no less than John is interested in literature. wI@zPVY_i  
　　7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等)  &6\r  
　　Either my father or my brothers are coming. AY&9JSu6  
　　8. each,every,many a, no …+主语，谓语用单数。 7TV>6i+7  
　　Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. B;z>Dd,Y_x  
　　真题剖析 8g[(nxI~  
　　(2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year,　54 of urbanization ever recorded. hB P$9GR  
　　53. A. none y/X:=d6"  
　　B. few o5=)~D{/G3  
　　C. any yhSk"e'G  
　　D. some c YM CfP  
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五考博英语语法：倒装　　全部倒装 hF{x')(#l  
　　1. “There (Here) +be+主语” `P^u:  
　　There stand big buildings in this district. Vq3]7l  
　　Here on the desk lies a pile of books. ldAov\X  
　　2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆，如it blew up.) |t4Gz1"q=8  
　　In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. MiSja#"+A