2015吉林大学考博英语真题阅读理解精练 +GlG.6
Bernard Bailyn has recently reinterpreted the early history of the /_ RrNzqy
United States by applying new social research findings on the qM
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experiences of European migrants. In his reinterpretation, migration ^~DClZ
becomes the organizing principle for rewriting the history of %-O[%Dy
preindustrial North America. His approach rests on four separate ,K8(D<{
propositions. @YI-@
The first of these asserts that residents of early modern England ~IS3i'bh
moved regularly about their countryside; migrating to the New World p77
was simply a “natural spillover”. Although at first the colonies tS
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held little positive attraction for the English — they would rather P3+?gW'
have stayed home — by the eighteenth century people increasingly /F_(&H!m
migrated to America because they regarded it as the land of 9RnXp&w
opportunity. Secondly, Bailyn holds that, contrary to the notion that A>Xt 5vk+
used to flourish in America history textbooks, there was never a jbs)]fqC;
typical New World community. For example, the economic and g6(u6%MD
demographic character of early New England towns varied considerably. hC2_Yr>N%
Bailyn’s third proposition suggest two general patterns $LJCup,1"
prevailing among the many thousands of migrants: one group came as {PQ!o^7y
indentured servants, another came to acquire land. Surprisingly, vj+ S
Bailyn suggests that those who recruited indentured servants were the +^V%D!.$@
driving forces of transatlantic migration. These colonial '/Ag3R
entrepreneurs helped determine the social character of people who z|WDqB%/I
came to preindustrial North America. At first, thousands of unskilled gs9VCaIa
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laborers were recruited; by the 1730’s, however, American employers &&sCaNb
demanded skilled artisans. Z*M-PaU}
Finally, Bailyn argues that the colonies were a half-civilized `ILO]+`5
hinterland of the European culture system. He is undoubtedly correct X.hVMX2B
to insist that the colonies were part of an Anglo-American empire. 2[TssJQ
But to divide the empire into English core and colonial periphery, r^$WX@ t&
as Bailyn does, devalues the achievements of colonial culture. It is UWW_[dJr
true, as Bailyn claims, that high culture in the colonies never }q<%![%
matched that in England. But what of seventeenth-century New England, =d`/BDD
where the settlers created effective laws, built a distinguished .80L>0
university, and published books? Bailyn might respond that New drEND`,@6|
England was exceptional. However, the ideas and institutions <o.?T*Q9
developed by New England Puritans had powerful effects on North dRPX`%J
American culture. 6/&aBE=
Although Bailyn goes on to apply his approach to some thousands \ws^L,h
of indentured servants who migrated just prior to the revolution, he )kuw&SH,
fails to link their experience with the political development of the XbL\l
United States. Evidence presented in his work suggests how we might &W:R#/|
make such a connection. These indentured servants were treated as #+6t|
slaves for the period during which they had sold their time to American Mg}8 3kS
employers. It is not surprising that as soon as they served their time 4.}J'3 .
they passed up good wages in the cities and headed west to ensure their TWk1`1|
personal independence by acquiring land. Thus, it is in the west that $jtXNE?
a peculiarly American political culture began, among colonists who 2*9rhOK*
Ij}k>qO/2
were suspicious of authority and intensely anti-aristocratic. >Vvjs
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1. Which of the following statements about migrants to colonial North BV`,~n:
America is supported by information in the text? aO]FQ#l2b
[A] A larger percentage of migrants to colonial North America came eFiUB
as indentured servants than as free agents interested in acquiring 69>N xr~k
land. />E:}1}{
[B] Migrants who came to the colonies as indentured servants were g0
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more successful at making a livelihood than were farmers and artisans. DHnu F@M
[C] Migrants to colonial North America were more successful at @g~hYc
acquiring their own land during the eighteenth century than during bPHqZ*f
the seventeenth century. $7bl,~Z
[D] By the 1730’s, migrants already skilled in a trade were in fX[6
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more demand by American employers than were unskilled laborers. PWw2;3`-6w
2. The author of the text states that Bailyn failed to MU/3**zoW
[A] give sufficient emphasis to the cultural and political -B l!s^-'
interdependence of the colonies and England. %oY=.Ok ]
[B] describe carefully how migrants of different ethnic vuCl(/P`
backgrounds preserved their culture in the United States. u:FFZ
[C] take advantage of social research on the experiences of B}YpIb]d
colonists who migrated to colonial North America specifically to &+Iv"9
acquire land. ZXR#t?D
[D] relate the experience of the migrants to the political values YLEa;MR
that eventually shaped the character of the United States. UZ"jQJQ
3. Which of the following best summarizes the author’s NLLLt
evaluation of Bailyn’s fourth proposition? '8|y
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[A] It is totally implausible. l5R0^!t
[B] It is partially acceptable. #kt3l59Ty
[C] It is highly admirable. bim
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[D] It is controversial though persuasive. |dxcEjcY_
4. According to the text, Bailyn and the author agree on which 7kZ-`V|\.
of the following statements about the culture of colonial New England? V?*\ISB`}
[A] High culture in New England never equaled the high culture Y,%d_yR[
of England =h<LlI^v
[B] The cultural achievements of colonial New England have 7oK7f=*Q
generally been unrecognized by historians. !k= ~5)x
[C] The colonists imitated the high culture of England, and did +?!x;qS^
not develop a culture that was uniquely their own. W_ =
[D] The southern colonies were greatly influenced by the high P})Iwk|Z
culture of New England. M,ObzgW
5. The author of the text would be most likely to agree with which LXm5f;
of the following statements about Bailyn’s work? [=
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[A] Bailyn underestimates the effects of Puritan thought on North D_HE!fl
American culture. EAg Nu?L
[B] Bailyn overemphasizes the economic dependence of the colonies mF?GQls`
on Great Britain. p.
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[C] Bailyn’s description of the colonies as part of an g@<E0
q&`$
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Anglo-American empire is misleading and incorrect. i"h '^6M1
[D] Bailyn failed to test his propositions on a specific group `o.DuvQ
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of migrants to colonial North America. h|MTE~
答案:DDBAA