2015吉林大学考博英语真题阅读理解精练 (q;bg1\UK
Bernard Bailyn has recently reinterpreted the early history of the =1hr2R(V
United States by applying new social research findings on the wEEn?
experiences of European migrants. In his reinterpretation, migration p 2O~>97t1
becomes the organizing principle for rewriting the history of %s=Dj2+
preindustrial North America. His approach rests on four separate eV!L^>>>
propositions. @wN
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The first of these asserts that residents of early modern England < n?=|g
moved regularly about their countryside; migrating to the New World
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was simply a “natural spillover”. Although at first the colonies W`)<vGn=Y
held little positive attraction for the English — they would rather veh
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have stayed home — by the eighteenth century people increasingly 1=)r@X/6d
migrated to America because they regarded it as the land of !{UTD+|=N
opportunity. Secondly, Bailyn holds that, contrary to the notion that :8f[|XR4\N
used to flourish in America history textbooks, there was never a TkRP3_b
typical New World community. For example, the economic and h #.N3o
demographic character of early New England towns varied considerably. v}(6 <wnnS
Bailyn’s third proposition suggest two general patterns t#wmAOW
prevailing among the many thousands of migrants: one group came as "VUYh$=[
indentured servants, another came to acquire land. Surprisingly, Va<eusl
Bailyn suggests that those who recruited indentured servants were the >,5i60Q
driving forces of transatlantic migration. These colonial ;`j/D@H
entrepreneurs helped determine the social character of people who O<*5$,K9
came to preindustrial North America. At first, thousands of unskilled 3=.Y,ENM;
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laborers were recruited; by the 1730’s, however, American employers a:Q[gF8>
demanded skilled artisans. 5Jk<xWKj
Finally, Bailyn argues that the colonies were a half-civilized c4mh EE-
hinterland of the European culture system. He is undoubtedly correct C"pB"^0
to insist that the colonies were part of an Anglo-American empire. zqySm)o]
But to divide the empire into English core and colonial periphery, J./d!an
as Bailyn does, devalues the achievements of colonial culture. It is Hh[Tw&J4
true, as Bailyn claims, that high culture in the colonies never =t0tK}Y+4
matched that in England. But what of seventeenth-century New England, V2 d,ksKwn
where the settlers created effective laws, built a distinguished hsNWqk qys
university, and published books? Bailyn might respond that New e{w>%)rcP
England was exceptional. However, the ideas and institutions k3Cz9Vt%
developed by New England Puritans had powerful effects on North ODw`E9
American culture. #
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Although Bailyn goes on to apply his approach to some thousands /Ft:ffR|R
of indentured servants who migrated just prior to the revolution, he @_ygnNn4R
fails to link their experience with the political development of the :<
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United States. Evidence presented in his work suggests how we might !7p}C-RZp
make such a connection. These indentured servants were treated as z
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slaves for the period during which they had sold their time to American s4LO&STh{
employers. It is not surprising that as soon as they served their time Q(7ob}+jQ
they passed up good wages in the cities and headed west to ensure their n%%7KTqu
personal independence by acquiring land. Thus, it is in the west that -.I4-6~
a peculiarly American political culture began, among colonists who
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were suspicious of authority and intensely anti-aristocratic. cWAtju?L;
(PS:The way to contact yumingkaobo TEL:si ling ling-liu liu ba-l f'En#-?O
iu jiu qi ba QQ: si jiu san san qi yi liu er liu ) <O~WB
1. Which of the following statements about migrants to colonial North *s4\\Wb=
America is supported by information in the text? ;iYff N
[A] A larger percentage of migrants to colonial North America came _
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as indentured servants than as free agents interested in acquiring ?}p:J{
land. C|-pD
[B] Migrants who came to the colonies as indentured servants were ^_+XDO
more successful at making a livelihood than were farmers and artisans. ;\;M =&{}
[C] Migrants to colonial North America were more successful at L,[;k
acquiring their own land during the eighteenth century than during < B g8,;
the seventeenth century. ?*"srE,#JX
[D] By the 1730’s, migrants already skilled in a trade were in T?
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more demand by American employers than were unskilled laborers. s 0u{dqP
2. The author of the text states that Bailyn failed to A
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[A] give sufficient emphasis to the cultural and political ,YYVj{~2
interdependence of the colonies and England. 9SQ4cv*2
[B] describe carefully how migrants of different ethnic t~7V{ xk
backgrounds preserved their culture in the United States. ?`_jFj+<\S
[C] take advantage of social research on the experiences of 6=hk=2]f
colonists who migrated to colonial North America specifically to Rf-[svA
acquire land. 7 Cqcb>\X
[D] relate the experience of the migrants to the political values WCJxu}!
that eventually shaped the character of the United States. uGN^!NG-0
3. Which of the following best summarizes the author’s qO1tj'U<
evaluation of Bailyn’s fourth proposition? eJCjJ)
[A] It is totally implausible. po9
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[B] It is partially acceptable. {XurC}#\
[C] It is highly admirable. 3riw1r;Q
[D] It is controversial though persuasive. _jU5O;
4. According to the text, Bailyn and the author agree on which zvc`3
of the following statements about the culture of colonial New England?
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[A] High culture in New England never equaled the high culture T'
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of England Joe_P
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[B] The cultural achievements of colonial New England have `Pn[tuIO
generally been unrecognized by historians. 5+Mdh`
[C] The colonists imitated the high culture of England, and did "L&'Fd@ZU
not develop a culture that was uniquely their own. F|bYWYED;
[D] The southern colonies were greatly influenced by the high G$zL)R8GE|
culture of New England. CWo1.pV w
5. The author of the text would be most likely to agree with which uQb!= ]
of the following statements about Bailyn’s work? 9i5,2~
[A] Bailyn underestimates the effects of Puritan thought on North s?Uh| BfB
American culture. V! |qYM.
[B] Bailyn overemphasizes the economic dependence of the colonies qB]i
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on Great Britain. <N,)G
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[C] Bailyn’s description of the colonies as part of an f;SC{2 f
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Anglo-American empire is misleading and incorrect. @Y,7'0U
[D] Bailyn failed to test his propositions on a specific group 2f`nMW
of migrants to colonial North America. PYRd]%X
答案:DDBAA