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主题 : 2015吉林大学考博英语真题阅读理解精练
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2015吉林大学考博英语真题阅读理解精练

2015吉林大学考博英语真题阅读理解精练 Td"f(&Hk&  
Bernard Bailyn has recently reinterpreted the early history of the $S=lm {  
United States by applying new social research findings on the b_\aSEaTT  
experiences of European migrants. In his reinterpretation, migration r-&4<=C/N  
becomes the organizing principle for rewriting the history of S37Bl5W  
preindustrial North America. His approach rests on four separate e)7[weGN  
propositions. %2 bZeZ  
The first of these asserts that residents of early modern England X#gZgz ='  
moved regularly about their countryside; migrating to the New World tY%c-m  
was simply a “natural spillover”. Although at first the colonies Mq6.!j  
held little positive attraction for the English — they would rather l)=Rj`M  
have stayed home — by the eighteenth century people increasingly RK"dPr  
migrated to America because they regarded it as the land of FeLWQn/aV6  
opportunity. Secondly, Bailyn holds that, contrary to the notion that _%z)Y=Q  
used to flourish in America history textbooks, there was never a f=g/_R2$xN  
typical New World community. For example, the economic and (lS&P"Xi  
demographic character of early New England towns varied considerably. ak 0KrVF  
Bailyn’s third proposition suggest two general patterns mi%d([)%<  
prevailing among the many thousands of migrants: one group came as ]%ikr&78u  
indentured servants, another came to acquire land. Surprisingly, {u3^#k F  
Bailyn suggests that those who recruited indentured servants were the x_bS-B)%Y:  
driving forces of transatlantic migration. These colonial |W`1#sP>  
entrepreneurs helped determine the social character of people who 76mQ$ze  
came to preindustrial North America. At first, thousands of unskilled ZMy7z|  
_"##p  
laborers were recruited; by the 1730’s, however, American employers $zy Y"yWRZ  
demanded skilled artisans. rsOon2|  
Finally, Bailyn argues that the colonies were a half-civilized V ,*YM   
hinterland of the European culture system. He is undoubtedly correct 2 ,E&}a|;b  
to insist that the colonies were part of an Anglo-American empire. ZTM zL%i  
But to divide the empire into English core and colonial periphery,  Yg<o 9x$  
as Bailyn does, devalues the achievements of colonial culture. It is .e"De-u  
true, as Bailyn claims, that high culture in the colonies never W>bhSKV%  
matched that in England. But what of seventeenth-century New England, (s,Nq~O  
where the settlers created effective laws, built a distinguished !ck=\3pr  
university, and published books? Bailyn might respond that New 6 V*@ {  
England was exceptional. However, the ideas and institutions `-qSvjX  
developed by New England Puritans had powerful effects on North #Z98D9Pv`o  
American culture. TM[Z~n(wt  
Although Bailyn goes on to apply his approach to some thousands #xm<|s   
of indentured servants who migrated just prior to the revolution, he _ZC4O&fL  
fails to link their experience with the political development of the mQ('X~l  
United States. Evidence presented in his work suggests how we might eLL> ThMyW  
make such a connection. These indentured servants were treated as J &u&G7#S  
slaves for the period during which they had sold their time to American ! |}J{  
employers. It is not surprising that as soon as they served their time lVARe3#  
they passed up good wages in the cities and headed west to ensure their i8Yl1nF  
personal independence by acquiring land. Thus, it is in the west that 05=O5 <l  
a peculiarly American political culture began, among colonists who Kg~<h B6  
3k5Mty  
were suspicious of authority and intensely anti-aristocratic. cx1U6A+  
(PS:The way to contact yumingkaobo TEL:si ling ling-liu liu ba-l `0=0IPVd  
iu jiu qi ba QQ: si jiu san san qi yi liu er liu ) />FrMz8;(  
1. Which of the following statements about migrants to colonial North |t4k&Dkx`  
America is supported by information in the text? E`=y9r* Z  
[A] A larger percentage of migrants to colonial North America came 9c=Y+=<  
as indentured servants than as free agents interested in acquiring &:S_ewJK7  
land. (+>+@G~o  
[B] Migrants who came to the colonies as indentured servants were e ! 6SJ7xC  
more successful at making a livelihood than were farmers and artisans. ]BO{Q+?d2  
[C] Migrants to colonial North America were more successful at =yz#L@\!  
acquiring their own land during the eighteenth century than during ^ B=x-G.  
the seventeenth century. dt',)i8D  
[D] By the 1730’s, migrants already skilled in a trade were in wkdd&Nw;  
more demand by American employers than were unskilled laborers. o%Vf#W  
2. The author of the text states that Bailyn failed to S/G,A,"c  
[A] give sufficient emphasis to the cultural and political ^t*+hFEI  
interdependence of the colonies and England. v|?hc'Fj  
[B] describe carefully how migrants of different ethnic hIXGfvUy  
backgrounds preserved their culture in the United States. x/[i &Gkv  
[C] take advantage of social research on the experiences of 7. G   
colonists who migrated to colonial North America specifically to >QE^KtZ  
acquire land. %, K|v  
[D] relate the experience of the migrants to the political values :0CR=]WM  
that eventually shaped the character of the United States. u5H# (&Om  
3. Which of the following best summarizes the author’s ![7v _l\Q  
evaluation of Bailyn’s fourth proposition? YUT"A{L  
[A] It is totally implausible. $- =aqUU  
[B] It is partially acceptable. @Sq=#f/=  
[C] It is highly admirable. \#LKsQ a  
[D] It is controversial though persuasive. J}._v\Q7P  
4. According to the text, Bailyn and the author agree on which smIZ:L %  
of the following statements about the culture of colonial New England? thipfS  
[A] High culture in New England never equaled the high culture '8*gJ7]  
of England -fL|e/   
[B] The cultural achievements of colonial New England have 0 WF(Ga/o  
generally been unrecognized by historians. tborRi)  
[C] The colonists imitated the high culture of England, and did wS``Q8K+dM  
not develop a culture that was uniquely their own. <Ks?g=K-  
[D] The southern colonies were greatly influenced by the high Pk8L- [&v  
culture of New England. 0qG[hxt%  
5. The author of the text would be most likely to agree with which ^}/YGAA  
of the following statements about Bailyn’s work? aCGPtA'  
[A] Bailyn underestimates the effects of Puritan thought on North RVI],O  
American culture. `c:'il?  
[B] Bailyn overemphasizes the economic dependence of the colonies &sS k~:  
on Great Britain. pxI*vgfN7  
[C] Bailyn’s description of the colonies as part of an \M>AN Z}  
}[LK/@h  
Anglo-American empire is misleading and incorrect. hZ2PP ^  
[D] Bailyn failed to test his propositions on a specific group O])/kS`  
of migrants to colonial North America. Y] P}7GZ  
答案:DDBAA
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