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主题 : 2011 年 浙江大学 浙大 考博 英语 真题 听力 选择题 原文
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2011 年 浙江大学 浙大 考博 英语 真题 听力 选择题 原文

2011 年 浙江大学 浙大 考博 英语 真题 听力 选择题 原文 V(`]hH0;T  
[<XYU,{R  
第一篇 (G| !{  
Among my experiences as a college president is the all-too-frequent phone call x;?8Zr  
in the night that begins: "One of your students is in the emergency room with alcohol #zsaQg, B  
poisoning." The whole country got a similar wake-up call in June when it was z6`0Uv~  
reported that alcohol abuse on college campuses is on the rise, especially for women, v< P0f"GH  
and that college students drink far more than nonstudents. One statistic showed that 0Md>-H;ZY  
college students spend more money on alcohol while in college than on books. _<Ak M"  
Alcohol abuse, although tragic, is but one symptom of a larger campus crisis. A Ek<Qz5)  
generation has come to college quite fragile, not very secure about who it is, fearful of KS *,'hvY  
its lack of identity and without confidence in its future. Many students are ashamed of }#7l-@{<  
themselves and afraid of relationships. gXI-{R7Me  
Students use alcohol as an escape. It's used as an excuse for bad behavior: the i|{psA  
insanity defense writ large on campus. This diminished sense of self has caused a JU)^b V_  
growth in racism, sexism, attempted suicide, theft, property-damage and cheating on )%^l+w+&  
most campuses. uB)q1QQsqp  
This is not the stuff of most presidents' public conversations. Nor can it be LzL)qdL  
explained away as an "underclass" problem; it is found on our most privileged (7qlp*8.s  
campuses. It is happening because the generation now entering college has yy3x]%KK  
experienced few authentic connections with adults in its lifetime. I call this the M0$MK>  
"Culture of Neglect," and we — parents, teachers, professors and administrators — o-bH3Jkb]&  
are the primary architects. {@2+oOuYfN  
It begins at home, where social and economic factors — such as declining /xUF@%rT  
incomes requiring longer work hours — result in less family time. Young people have e:HORc~U  
been allowed to or must take part-time jobs rather than spending time in school, on U5C]zswL  
homework or with their families. More children and youths are being reared in a !L.R"8!  
vacuum, with television as their only supervisor, and there is little expectation that [;wJM|Z J0  
they learn personal responsibility. Immersed in themselves, they are left to their peers. 4~Qnhv7  
31. The main idea of the first paragraph is that ( ) . × 正确答案为 C 8gavcsVE[  
[A] it is easy to be a college president 2|j=^  
[B] a college president has to sit up till midnight *IOrv)  
[C] alcohol abuse is quite common on campus C`r:jA<LC,  
[D] it is harmful for college students to drink alcohol :6o%x0l  
32. According to the author, college students turn to alcohol as a(n) ( ). × S*<Jy(:n  
正确答案为 C |m KohV qr  
[A] inspiration HN7tIz@Frc  
[B] stimulation C&yZ`[K  
[C] escape 4^r6RS@z  
[D] relaxation MH#Tp#RG  
33. The word "architects" in Para. 2 can be best replaced by ( ). × 正确 $,K@xq5  
答案为 D ; =n}61  
[A] artists #M~yt`R~  
[B] experts  el2Wk@*  
[C] discoverers Q~(Qh_Ff  
[D] designers WSMpX -^e@  
34. How do parents react to the "Culture of Neglect"?( ) × 正确答案为 %l8!p'a  
B ftpPrtaP  
[A] Parents have lowered their expectations on children. v' t'{g%  
[B] Parents take little care of the growth of their children. m!KEK\5M?  
[C] Parents spend too much time watching television. W!$U{=  
[D] Parents fail to cooperate with teachers and administrators. hq ln6m  
35. What is the main problem with the children brought up in the "Culture of LCSvw  
Neglect?"( ) × 正确答案为 C \ n 2MP  
[A] They can't read or write well. 2T}>9X  
[B] They can hardly find a good job. "8%$,rG1&  
[C] They don't have the sense of responsibility. s<LnUF1b  
[D] They are more likely to commit crimes. ll0y@@Iy  
第二篇 Sed 8Q-m  
Conventional wisdom about conflict seems pretty much cut and dried. Too little L{VnsY V  
conflict breeds apathy (冷漠) and stagnation (呆滞). Too much conflict leads to XY{N"S8  
divisiveness (分裂) and hostility. Moderate levels of conflict, however, can spark }j2;B 8j  
creativity and motivate people in a healthy and competitive way. t]0DT_iE  
Recent research by Professor Charles R. Schwenk, however, suggests that the md<^x(h"<  
optimal level of conflict may be more complex to determine than these simple Wu* 4r0  
generalizations. He studied perceptions of conflict among a sample of executives. m#_ Rv  
Some of the executives worked for profit-seeking organizations and others for .`~?w+ ~  
not-for-profit organizations. 3 1c*^ZE.  
Somewhat surprisingly, Schwenk found that opinions about conflict varied VoYL}67c  
systematically as a function of the type of organization. Specifically, managers in @5wc 3y  
not-for-profit organizations strongly believed that conflict was beneficial to their CyLwCS{V\  
organizations and that it promoted higher quality decision making than might be r'yNc&~  
achieved in the absence of conflict. kh# QT_y  
Managers of for-profit organizations saw a different picture. They believed that VqvjOeCbH  
conflict generally was damaging and usually led to poor-quality decision making in J*b Je"8  
their organizations. Schwenk interpreted these results in terms of the criteria for n%29WF6Zf  
effective decision making suggested by the executives. In the profit-seeking SF-E>s!XL  
organizations, decision-making effectiveness was most often assessed in financial c*7|>7C$i  
terms. The executives believed that consensus rather than conflict enhanced financial \,Ws=9f  
indicators. n= 4  
In the not-for-profit organizations, decision-making effectiveness was defined 9tv,,I;iU  
from the perspective of satisfying constituents. Given the complexities and z H-a%$5  
ambiguities associated with satisfying many diverse constituents executives perceived $365VTh"  
that conflict led to more considered and acceptable decisions. C{m%]jKH  
31.In the eyes of the author, conventional opinion on conflict is________. 9vyf9QE;  
A) wrong Uc:NW   
B) oversimplified s !?uLSEdb  
C) misleading OFtf)cGE  
D) unclear v=iiS}s  
注:文章第一句 l 3p :}A  
32.Professor Charles R. Schwenk's research shows________. tnnGM,"ol  
A) the advantages and disadvantages of conflict /;(ji?wN  
B) the real value of conflict @k h<b<a4  
C) the difficulty in determining the optimal level of conflict P~{8L.w!>W  
D) the complexity of defining the roles of conflict bKmwXDv'  
注:文章第二段 XEA5A.uc  
33.We can learn from Schwenk's research that________. 9o5D3 d K  
A) a person’s view of conflict is influenced by the purpose of his organization 8 5ET$YV  
B) conflict is necessary for managers of for-profit organizations 8O]`3oa>  
C) different people resolve conflicts in different ways '42$O  
D) it is impossible for people to avoid conflict 3E*m.jX  
注:文章第三段 & V>rq'~;  
34.The passage suggests that in for - profit organizations_______. ~x8nC%qPvq  
A) there is no end of conflict  "&k(lQ4  
B) expression of different opinions is encouraged mTI`^e  
C) decisions must be justifiable <7Pp98si,u  
D) success lies in general agreement ?MRY*[$  
注:文章第四段,justifiable 合法化 m4@NW*G{  
35.People working in a not - for - profit organization________. =J]WVA,GqA  
A) seem to be difficult to satisfy <r: AJ;  
B) are free to express diverse opinions dW4jkjap  
C) are less effective in making decisions * $f`ouJl  
D) find it easier to reach agreement 2.z-&lFBZ  
B C A D B `?Q p>t  
第三篇 RN(I}]]a  
Children live in a world in which science has tremendous importance. During @Iz]:@\cJ  
their lifetimes it will affect them more and more. In time, many of them will work at /dYv@OU?  
jobs that depend heavily on science --- for example, concerning energy sources, 7tcadXk0  
pollution control, highway safety, wilderness conservation, and population growth, >l &]Ho  
and population growth. As taxpayers they will pay for scientific research and GHGyeqNM  
exploration. And, as consumers, they will be bombarded (受到轰击) by advertising, Vbl-Ff  
much of which is said to be based on science. %)r ~GCd  
Therefore, it is important that children, the citizens of the future, become :82h GU  
functionally acquainted with science---- with the process and spirit of science, as well Lg7A[\c ~  
as with its facts and principles. Fortunately, science has a natural appeal for w2nReB z  
youngsters. They can relate it to so many things that they encounter ---- flashlights, :ZrJL&  
tools, echoes, and rainbows. G7CeWfS  
Besides, science is an excellent medium for teaching far more than content. It H\S)a FY[  
can help pupils learn to think logically, to organize and analyse ideas. It can provide 4qie&:4j  
practice in communication skills and mathematics. In fact, there is no area of the s7Agr!>f  
curriculum to which science cannot contribute, whether it be geography, history, +Dy^4p?o  
language arts, music, or art! , Z"<-%3  
Above all, good science teaching leads to what might be called a “scientific {]^Ixm-,f  
attitude.” Those who possess it seek answers through observing, experimenting, and I$7eiW @  
reasoning, rather than blindly accepting the pronouncements of others. They weigh ~18a&T:  
evidence carefully and reach conclusions with caution. While respecting the opinions "@UQSf,  
of others, they expect honesty, accuracy, and objectivity and are on guard against A"V mxP  
hasty judgments and sweeping generalizations. All children should be developing this y+(\:;y$7  
approach to solving problems, but it cannot be expected to appear automatically with A8Ju+  
the mere acquisition of information. Continual practice, through guided participation, |u&cN-}C d  
is needed. (293 words) +"?+B e  
36. One of the reasons why science is important for children is that many of them /}?7Eni  
will _____. _M^.4H2  
A. work in scientific research institutions (&:gD4.  
B. work at jobs closely related to science C. make the final decision in matters <gp?}Lk  
concerning science ote,`h  
D. be fund-raisers for scientific research and exploration C%XO|sP  
37. There is no doubt that children like learning science because_____. )j_El ]?  
A. science is linked with many of the things they meet B. science is a very easy @?3f`l 9  
subject for them to learn |9I)YD  
C. they encounter the facts and principles of science daily D. they are familiar 4_R|3L  
with the process and spirit of science THYw_]K  
38. Pupils can learn logical thinking while _____. %=aKW[uq]  
A. practicing communication skills ":Wq<Z'  
B. studying geography Z3`EXs  
C. taking art courses I~GF%$-G  
D. learning science 39. People with a scientific attitude ____. j_Szw w-  
A. are ready to accept the pronouncements of others cr1x CPJj  
B. tend to reach conclusions with certainty P$)g=/td1  
C. are aware that others are likely to make hasty judgments <)VgGjZ-H  
D. seek truth through observation , experimentation and reasoning 40. In the >fPo_ @O  
passage the writer seems to ______. *pKTJP  
A. prove that science is a successful course in school )[Y B&  
B. point out that science as a course is now poorly taught in school TQa}Ps  
C. suggest that science should be included in the school curriculum D. predict U&5* >fd=  
that children who learn science will be good scientists /).{h'^Hq\  
36-40 B A D D C
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