2011 年浙江大学浙大考博英语真题听力选择题原文

2011 年浙江大学浙大考博英语真题听力选择题原文

第一篇
Among my experiences as a college president is the all-too-frequent phone call
in the night that begins: "One of your students is in the emergency room with alcohol
poisoning." The whole country got a similar wake-up call in June when it was
reported that alcohol abuse on college campuses is on the rise, especially for women,
and that college students drink far more than nonstudents. One statistic showed that
college students spend more money on alcohol while in college than on books.
Alcohol abuse, although tragic, is but one symptom of a larger campus crisis. A
generation has come to college quite fragile, not very secure about who it is, fearful of
its lack of identity and without confidence in its future. Many students are ashamed of
themselves and afraid of relationships.
Students use alcohol as an escape. It's used as an excuse for bad behavior: the
insanity defense writ large on campus. This diminished sense of self has caused a
growth in racism, sexism, attempted suicide, theft, property-damage and cheating on
most campuses.
This is not the stuff of most presidents' public conversations. Nor can it be
explained away as an "underclass" problem; it is found on our most privileged
campuses. It is happening because the generation now entering college has
experienced few authentic connections with adults in its lifetime. I call this the
"Culture of Neglect," and we — parents, teachers, professors and administrators —
are the primary architects.
It begins at home, where social and economic factors — such as declining
incomes requiring longer work hours — result in less family time. Young people have
been allowed to or must take part-time jobs rather than spending time in school, on
homework or with their families. More children and youths are being reared in a
vacuum, with television as their only supervisor, and there is little expectation that
they learn personal responsibility. Immersed in themselves, they are left to their peers.
31. The main idea of the first paragraph is that ( ) . × 正确答案为 C
[A] it is easy to be a college president
[B] a college president has to sit up till midnight
[C] alcohol abuse is quite common on campus
[D] it is harmful for college students to drink alcohol
32. According to the author, college students turn to alcohol as a(n) ( ). ×
正确答案为 C
[A] inspiration
[B] stimulation
[C] escape
[D] relaxation
33. The word "architects" in Para. 2 can be best replaced by ( ). × 正确
答案为 D
[A] artists
[B] experts
[C] discoverers
[D] designers
34. How do parents react to the "Culture of Neglect"?( ) × 正确答案为
B
[A] Parents have lowered their expectations on children.
[B] Parents take little care of the growth of their children.
[C] Parents spend too much time watching television.
[D] Parents fail to cooperate with teachers and administrators.
35. What is the main problem with the children brought up in the "Culture of
Neglect?"( ) × 正确答案为 C
[A] They can't read or write well.
[B] They can hardly find a good job.
[C] They don't have the sense of responsibility.
[D] They are more likely to commit crimes.
第二篇
Conventional wisdom about conflict seems pretty much cut and dried. Too little
conflict breeds apathy (冷漠) and stagnation (呆滞). Too much conflict leads to
divisiveness (分裂) and hostility. Moderate levels of conflict, however, can spark
creativity and motivate people in a healthy and competitive way.
Recent research by Professor Charles R. Schwenk, however, suggests that the
optimal level of conflict may be more complex to determine than these simple
generalizations. He studied perceptions of conflict among a sample of executives.
Some of the executives worked for profit-seeking organizations and others for
not-for-profit organizations.
Somewhat surprisingly, Schwenk found that opinions about conflict varied
systematically as a function of the type of organization. Specifically, managers in
not-for-profit organizations strongly believed that conflict was beneficial to their
organizations and that it promoted higher quality decision making than might be
achieved in the absence of conflict.
Managers of for-profit organizations saw a different picture. They believed that
conflict generally was damaging and usually led to poor-quality decision making in
their organizations. Schwenk interpreted these results in terms of the criteria for
effective decision making suggested by the executives. In the profit-seeking
organizations, decision-making effectiveness was most often assessed in financial
terms. The executives believed that consensus rather than conflict enhanced financial
indicators.
In the not-for-profit organizations, decision-making effectiveness was defined
from the perspective of satisfying constituents. Given the complexities and
ambiguities associated with satisfying many diverse constituents executives perceived
that conflict led to more considered and acceptable decisions.
31.In the eyes of the author, conventional opinion on conflict is________.
A) wrong
B) oversimplified
C) misleading
D) unclear
注：文章第一句
32.Professor Charles R. Schwenk's research shows________.
A) the advantages and disadvantages of conflict
B) the real value of conflict
C) the difficulty in determining the optimal level of conflict
D) the complexity of defining the roles of conflict
注：文章第二段
33.We can learn from Schwenk's research that________.
A) a person’s view of conflict is influenced by the purpose of his organization
B) conflict is necessary for managers of for-profit organizations
C) different people resolve conflicts in different ways
D) it is impossible for people to avoid conflict
注：文章第三段
34.The passage suggests that in for - profit organizations_______.
A) there is no end of conflict
B) expression of different opinions is encouraged
C) decisions must be justifiable
D) success lies in general agreement
注：文章第四段，justifiable 合法化
35.People working in a not - for - profit organization________.
A) seem to be difficult to satisfy
B) are free to express diverse opinions
C) are less effective in making decisions
D) find it easier to reach agreement
B C A D B
第三篇
Children live in a world in which science has tremendous importance. During
their lifetimes it will affect them more and more. In time, many of them will work at
jobs that depend heavily on science --- for example, concerning energy sources,
pollution control, highway safety, wilderness conservation, and population growth,
and population growth. As taxpayers they will pay for scientific research and
exploration. And, as consumers, they will be bombarded (受到轰击) by advertising,
much of which is said to be based on science.
Therefore, it is important that children, the citizens of the future, become
functionally acquainted with science---- with the process and spirit of science, as well
as with its facts and principles. Fortunately, science has a natural appeal for
youngsters. They can relate it to so many things that they encounter ---- flashlights,
tools, echoes, and rainbows.
Besides, science is an excellent medium for teaching far more than content. It
can help pupils learn to think logically, to organize and analyse ideas. It can provide
practice in communication skills and mathematics. In fact, there is no area of the
curriculum to which science cannot contribute, whether it be geography, history,
language arts, music, or art!
Above all, good science teaching leads to what might be called a “scientific
attitude.” Those who possess it seek answers through observing, experimenting, and
reasoning, rather than blindly accepting the pronouncements of others. They weigh
evidence carefully and reach conclusions with caution. While respecting the opinions
of others, they expect honesty, accuracy, and objectivity and are on guard against
hasty judgments and sweeping generalizations. All children should be developing this
approach to solving problems, but it cannot be expected to appear automatically with
the mere acquisition of information. Continual practice, through guided participation,
is needed. (293 words)
36. One of the reasons why science is important for children is that many of them
will _____.
A. work in scientific research institutions
B. work at jobs closely related to science C. make the final decision in matters
concerning science
D. be fund-raisers for scientific research and exploration
37. There is no doubt that children like learning science because_____.
A. science is linked with many of the things they meet B. science is a very easy
subject for them to learn
C. they encounter the facts and principles of science daily D. they are familiar
with the process and spirit of science
38. Pupils can learn logical thinking while _____.
A. practicing communication skills
B. studying geography
C. taking art courses
D. learning science 39. People with a scientific attitude ____.
A. are ready to accept the pronouncements of others
B. tend to reach conclusions with certainty
C. are aware that others are likely to make hasty judgments
D. seek truth through observation , experimentation and reasoning 40. In the
passage the writer seems to ______.
A. prove that science is a successful course in school
B. point out that science as a course is now poorly taught in school
C. suggest that science should be included in the school curriculum D. predict
that children who learn science will be good scientists
36-40 B A D D C

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2011 年 浙江大学 浙大 考博 英语 真题 听力 选择题 原文

2011 年浙江大学浙大考博英语真题听力选择题原文