2011 年 浙江大学 浙大 考博 英语 真题 听力 选择题 原文 V(`]hH0;T
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第一篇 (G|
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Among my experiences as a college president is the all-too-frequent phone call x;?8Zr
in the night that begins: "One of your students is in the emergency room with alcohol #zsaQg,
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poisoning." The whole country got a similar wake-up call in June when it was z6`0Uv~
reported that alcohol abuse on college campuses is on the rise, especially for women, v< P0f"GH
and that college students drink far more than nonstudents. One statistic showed that 0Md>-H;ZY
college students spend more money on alcohol while in college than on books. _<AkM"
Alcohol abuse, although tragic, is but one symptom of a larger campus crisis. A
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generation has come to college quite fragile, not very secure about who it is, fearful of KS
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its lack of identity and without confidence in its future. Many students are ashamed of }#7l-@{<
themselves and afraid of relationships. gXI-{R7Me
Students use alcohol as an escape. It's used as an excuse for bad behavior: the i|{psA
insanity defense writ large on campus. This diminished sense of self has caused a JU)^b
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growth in racism, sexism, attempted suicide, theft, property-damage and cheating on )%^l+w+&
most campuses. uB)q1QQsqp
This is not the stuff of most presidents' public conversations. Nor can it be LzL)qdL
explained away as an "underclass" problem; it is found on our most privileged (7qlp*8.s
campuses. It is happening because the generation now entering college has yy3x]%KK
experienced few authentic connections with adults in its lifetime. I call this the M0$MK>
"Culture of Neglect," and we — parents, teachers, professors and administrators — o-bH3Jkb]&
are the primary architects. {@2+oOuYfN
It begins at home, where social and economic factors — such as declining /xUF@%rT
incomes requiring longer work hours — result in less family time. Young people have e :HORc~U
been allowed to or must take part-time jobs rather than spending time in school, on U5C]zswL
homework or with their families. More children and youths are being reared in a !L.R"8!
vacuum, with television as their only supervisor, and there is little expectation that [;wJM|Z J0
they learn personal responsibility. Immersed in themselves, they are left to their peers. 4~Qnhv7
31. The main idea of the first paragraph is that ( ) . × 正确答案为 C 8gavcsVE[
[A] it is easy to be a college president 2|j=^
[B] a college president has to sit up till midnight *IOrv)
[C] alcohol abuse is quite common on campus C`r:jA<LC,
[D] it is harmful for college students to drink alcohol :6o%x0l
32. According to the author, college students turn to alcohol as a(n) ( ). × S*<J y(:n
正确答案为 C |mKohV qr
[A] inspiration HN7tIz@Frc
[B] stimulation C&yZ` [K
[C] escape 4^r6RS@z
[D] relaxation MH#Tp#RG
33. The word "architects" in Para. 2 can be best replaced by ( ). × 正确 $ ,K@xq5
答案为 D ;=n}61
[A] artists #M~yt`R~
[B] experts el2Wk@*
[C] discoverers Q~(Qh_Ff
[D] designers WSMpX-^e@
34. How do parents react to the "Culture of Neglect"?( ) × 正确答案为 %l8!p'a
B ftpPrtaP
[A] Parents have lowered their expectations on children. v'
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[B] Parents take little care of the growth of their children. m!KEK\5M?
[C] Parents spend too much time watching television. W! $U{=
[D] Parents fail to cooperate with teachers and administrators. hq
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35. What is the main problem with the children brought up in the "Culture of LCSvw
Neglect?"( ) × 正确答案为 C \ n2MP
[A] They can't read or write well. 2 T} >9X
[B] They can hardly find a good job. "8%$,rG1&
[C] They don't have the sense of responsibility. s<LnUF1b
[D] They are more likely to commit crimes. ll0y@@Iy
第二篇 Sed8Q-m
Conventional wisdom about conflict seems pretty much cut and dried. Too little L{VnsY V
conflict breeds apathy (冷漠) and stagnation (呆滞). Too much conflict leads to XY{N"S8
divisiveness (分裂) and hostility. Moderate levels of conflict, however, can spark }j2;B 8j
creativity and motivate people in a healthy and competitive way. t]0DT_iE
Recent research by Professor Charles R. Schwenk, however, suggests that the md<^x(h"<
optimal level of conflict may be more complex to determine than these simple Wu*
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generalizations. He studied perceptions of conflict among a sample of executives.
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Some of the executives worked for profit-seeking organizations and others for .`~?w+ ~
not-for-profit organizations. 31c*^ZE.
Somewhat surprisingly, Schwenk found that opinions about conflict varied VoYL}67c
systematically as a function of the type of organization. Specifically, managers in @5wc 3y
not-for-profit organizations strongly believed that conflict was beneficial to their CyLwCS{V\
organizations and that it promoted higher quality decision making than might be r'y Nc&~
achieved in the absence of conflict. kh#QT_y
Managers of for-profit organizations saw a different picture. They believed that VqvjOeCbH
conflict generally was damaging and usually led to poor-quality decision making in J*b Je"8
their organizations. Schwenk interpreted these results in terms of the criteria for n%29WF6Zf
effective decision making suggested by the executives. In the profit-seeking SF-E>s!XL
organizations, decision-making effectiveness was most often assessed in financial c*7|>7C$i
terms. The executives believed that consensus rather than conflict enhanced financial \,Ws=9f
indicators. n=4
In the not-for-profit organizations, decision-making effectiveness was defined 9tv,,I;iU
from the perspective of satisfying constituents. Given the complexities and z H-a%$5
ambiguities associated with satisfying many diverse constituents executives perceived $365VTh"
that conflict led to more considered and acceptable decisions. C{m%]jKH
31.In the eyes of the author, conventional opinion on conflict is________. 9vyf9QE;
A) wrong Uc:NW
B) oversimplified s!?uLSEdb
C) misleading OFtf)cGE
D) unclear v=iiS}s
注:文章第一句 l3p :}A
32.Professor Charles R. Schwenk's research shows________. tnnGM,"ol
A) the advantages and disadvantages of conflict /;(ji?wN
B) the real value of conflict @kh<b<a4
C) the difficulty in determining the optimal level of conflict P~{8L.w!>W
D) the complexity of defining the roles of conflict bKmwXDv'
注:文章第二段 XEA5A.uc
33.We can learn from Schwenk's research that________. 9o5D3
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A) a person’s view of conflict is influenced by the purpose of his organization 8 5ET$YV
B) conflict is necessary for managers of for-profit organizations 8O]`3oa>
C) different people resolve conflicts in different ways '42$O
D) it is impossible for people to avoid conflict 3E*m.jX
注:文章第三段 &
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34.The passage suggests that in for - profit organizations_______. ~x8nC%qPvq
A) there is no end of conflict
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B) expression of different opinions is encouraged mTI`^e
C) decisions must be justifiable <7Pp98si,u
D) success lies in general agreement ?MRY*[$
注:文章第四段,justifiable 合法化 m4@NW*G{
35.People working in a not - for - profit organization________. =J]WVA,GqA
A) seem to be difficult to satisfy <r:AJ;
B) are free to express diverse opinions dW4jkjap
C) are less effective in making decisions * $f`ouJl
D) find it easier to reach agreement 2.z-&lFBZ
B C A D B `?Q
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第三篇 RN(I}]] a
Children live in a world in which science has tremendous importance. During @Iz]:@\cJ
their lifetimes it will affect them more and more. In time, many of them will work at /dYv@OU?
jobs that depend heavily on science --- for example, concerning energy sources, 7tcadXk0
pollution control, highway safety, wilderness conservation, and population growth, >l&]Ho
and population growth. As taxpayers they will pay for scientific research and GHGyeqNM
exploration. And, as consumers, they will be bombarded (受到轰击) by advertising, Vbl-Ff
much of which is said to be based on science. %)r ~GCd
Therefore, it is important that children, the citizens of the future, become :82h
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functionally acquainted with science---- with the process and spirit of science, as well Lg7A[\c
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as with its facts and principles. Fortunately, science has a natural appeal for w2nReB z
youngsters. They can relate it to so many things that they encounter ---- flashlights, : ZrJL&
tools, echoes, and rainbows. G7CeWfS
Besides, science is an excellent medium for teaching far more than content. It H\S)a FY[
can help pupils learn to think logically, to organize and analyse ideas. It can provide 4qie&:4j
practice in communication skills and mathematics. In fact, there is no area of the s7Agr!>f
curriculum to which science cannot contribute, whether it be geography, history,
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language arts, music, or art! ,Z"<-%3
Above all, good science teaching leads to what might be called a “scientific {]^Ixm-,f
attitude.” Those who possess it seek answers through observing, experimenting, and I$7eiW @
reasoning, rather than blindly accepting the pronouncements of others. They weigh ~18a&T:
evidence carefully and reach conclusions with caution. While respecting the opinions "@UQSf,
of others, they expect honesty, accuracy, and objectivity and are on guard against A"V
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hasty judgments and sweeping generalizations. All children should be developing this y+(\:;y$7
approach to solving problems, but it cannot be expected to appear automatically with A8Ju+
the mere acquisition of information. Continual practice, through guided participation, |u&cN-}C d
is needed. (293 words) +"?+B
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36. One of the reasons why science is important for children is that many of them /}? 7Eni
will _____. _M^.4H2
A. work in scientific research institutions (&:gD4.
B. work at jobs closely related to science C. make the final decision in matters <gp?}Lk
concerning science ote,`h
D. be fund-raisers for scientific research and exploration C%XO|sP
37. There is no doubt that children like learning science because_____. )j_El ]?
A. science is linked with many of the things they meet B. science is a very easy @?3f`l
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subject for them to learn |9I)YD
C. they encounter the facts and principles of science daily D. they are familiar 4_R|3L
with the process and spirit of science
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38. Pupils can learn logical thinking while _____. %=aKW[uq]
A. practicing communication skills ":Wq<Z'
B. studying geography Z3`EXs
C. taking art courses I~GF%$-G
D. learning science 39. People with a scientific attitude ____. j_Szw
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A. are ready to accept the pronouncements of others cr1x
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B. tend to reach conclusions with certainty P$)g=/td1
C. are aware that others are likely to make hasty judgments <)VgGjZ-H
D. seek truth through observation , experimentation and reasoning 40. In the >fPo_
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passage the writer seems to ______. *pKTJP
A. prove that science is a successful course in school )[Y B&
B. point out that science as a course is now poorly taught in school TQa}Ps
C. suggest that science should be included in the school curriculum D. predict U&5*>fd=
that children who learn science will be good scientists /).{h'^Hq\
36-40 B A D D C