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主题 : 2011 年 浙江大学 浙大 考博 英语 真题 听力 选择题 原文
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2011 年 浙江大学 浙大 考博 英语 真题 听力 选择题 原文

2011 年 浙江大学 浙大 考博 英语 真题 听力 选择题 原文 [/fwt!  
c|;|%"Mk  
第一篇 0u&?Zy9&  
Among my experiences as a college president is the all-too-frequent phone call /PB3^d>Q2  
in the night that begins: "One of your students is in the emergency room with alcohol 2'UFHiK  
poisoning." The whole country got a similar wake-up call in June when it was l)!woOt  
reported that alcohol abuse on college campuses is on the rise, especially for women, b1 ['uJF  
and that college students drink far more than nonstudents. One statistic showed that ]rX?n  
college students spend more money on alcohol while in college than on books. ]Buk9LTe  
Alcohol abuse, although tragic, is but one symptom of a larger campus crisis. A g#KToOP  
generation has come to college quite fragile, not very secure about who it is, fearful of MF`k~)bDV  
its lack of identity and without confidence in its future. Many students are ashamed of C&s }m0R  
themselves and afraid of relationships. b]qfcV  
Students use alcohol as an escape. It's used as an excuse for bad behavior: the  [k&s!Qp  
insanity defense writ large on campus. This diminished sense of self has caused a V.a]IkK'K  
growth in racism, sexism, attempted suicide, theft, property-damage and cheating on t[yD8h  
most campuses. \$\(9!=  
This is not the stuff of most presidents' public conversations. Nor can it be q$2taG}  
explained away as an "underclass" problem; it is found on our most privileged d# ?* 62  
campuses. It is happening because the generation now entering college has ALt";8Oa  
experienced few authentic connections with adults in its lifetime. I call this the CbvL X="%  
"Culture of Neglect," and we — parents, teachers, professors and administrators — rM~IF+f0XD  
are the primary architects. JA(q>>4  
It begins at home, where social and economic factors — such as declining w!h{P38  
incomes requiring longer work hours — result in less family time. Young people have zB7dCw  
been allowed to or must take part-time jobs rather than spending time in school, on J<$'^AR9"q  
homework or with their families. More children and youths are being reared in a XxU}|jTO#  
vacuum, with television as their only supervisor, and there is little expectation that *CD=cmdD*  
they learn personal responsibility. Immersed in themselves, they are left to their peers. e$+? v2 .  
31. The main idea of the first paragraph is that ( ) . × 正确答案为 C =Q 0 )t_z_  
[A] it is easy to be a college president McI4oD~"  
[B] a college president has to sit up till midnight |0 pBBDw  
[C] alcohol abuse is quite common on campus F^v{Jqc  
[D] it is harmful for college students to drink alcohol x@\'@>_GM  
32. According to the author, college students turn to alcohol as a(n) ( ). × .Zz7LG{  
正确答案为 C cmLu T/oV  
[A] inspiration yBjWPx?  
[B] stimulation PbH]K$mj{"  
[C] escape *iN]#)3>  
[D] relaxation '(:J|DN  
33. The word "architects" in Para. 2 can be best replaced by ( ). × 正确 <NsT[r~C  
答案为 D jJnBwHp  
[A] artists Q $5:P&  
[B] experts '0]_8Sy&  
[C] discoverers ]/naH#8G  
[D] designers ^0~1/ PhOw  
34. How do parents react to the "Culture of Neglect"?( ) × 正确答案为 cO+`8`kv  
B 2|o$eq3t  
[A] Parents have lowered their expectations on children. 6%y: hLT  
[B] Parents take little care of the growth of their children. LJ#P- `!{&  
[C] Parents spend too much time watching television. ar}759  
[D] Parents fail to cooperate with teachers and administrators. :Djp\ e6!  
35. What is the main problem with the children brought up in the "Culture of A84HaRlkF5  
Neglect?"( ) × 正确答案为 C p7tC~]r:L  
[A] They can't read or write well. sVnu Sm  
[B] They can hardly find a good job. " <AljgF  
[C] They don't have the sense of responsibility. 03;(v%  
[D] They are more likely to commit crimes. U.x.gZRo[  
第二篇 M 4?3l  
Conventional wisdom about conflict seems pretty much cut and dried. Too little |Ay#0uQ5Y  
conflict breeds apathy (冷漠) and stagnation (呆滞). Too much conflict leads to GTvb^+6  
divisiveness (分裂) and hostility. Moderate levels of conflict, however, can spark t,6=EK*3T  
creativity and motivate people in a healthy and competitive way. 5+Ut]AL5  
Recent research by Professor Charles R. Schwenk, however, suggests that the 5gEK$7Vp  
optimal level of conflict may be more complex to determine than these simple _Pal)re]U  
generalizations. He studied perceptions of conflict among a sample of executives. = ByW`  
Some of the executives worked for profit-seeking organizations and others for \I]'6N=  
not-for-profit organizations. K-5)Y+| >  
Somewhat surprisingly, Schwenk found that opinions about conflict varied j>23QPG`6U  
systematically as a function of the type of organization. Specifically, managers in 39CPFgi<l*  
not-for-profit organizations strongly believed that conflict was beneficial to their v~3q4P  
organizations and that it promoted higher quality decision making than might be  X}Fv*  
achieved in the absence of conflict. 1[ Pbsb  
Managers of for-profit organizations saw a different picture. They believed that C5z4%,`f  
conflict generally was damaging and usually led to poor-quality decision making in &I=q%  
their organizations. Schwenk interpreted these results in terms of the criteria for [u:_J qf-  
effective decision making suggested by the executives. In the profit-seeking ~Ua0pS?  
organizations, decision-making effectiveness was most often assessed in financial _De;SB %V  
terms. The executives believed that consensus rather than conflict enhanced financial %94"e7Hy  
indicators. ovp>"VuC  
In the not-for-profit organizations, decision-making effectiveness was defined fkM4u<R^  
from the perspective of satisfying constituents. Given the complexities and P+a&R<Dj4  
ambiguities associated with satisfying many diverse constituents executives perceived 7=9jXNk Y  
that conflict led to more considered and acceptable decisions. C{-pVuhK +  
31.In the eyes of the author, conventional opinion on conflict is________. BlCKJp{m$  
A) wrong A6VkVJZx  
B) oversimplified $[Ns#7K  
C) misleading !=pemLvH  
D) unclear y-YYDEl  
注:文章第一句  _+i-)  
32.Professor Charles R. Schwenk's research shows________. [ B A l  
A) the advantages and disadvantages of conflict 0Sk{P>A  
B) the real value of conflict =0S7tNut  
C) the difficulty in determining the optimal level of conflict  `S|gfJ  
D) the complexity of defining the roles of conflict (@zn[ Nq  
注:文章第二段 |j;`;"+B  
33.We can learn from Schwenk's research that________. +e\u4k{3V  
A) a person’s view of conflict is influenced by the purpose of his organization  f!<mI8H  
B) conflict is necessary for managers of for-profit organizations kI]1J  
C) different people resolve conflicts in different ways | zf||ju  
D) it is impossible for people to avoid conflict Y*6*;0Kx  
注:文章第三段 n(L {2r  
34.The passage suggests that in for - profit organizations_______. O3Uu{'=0  
A) there is no end of conflict fN9hBC@  
B) expression of different opinions is encouraged shD$,! k  
C) decisions must be justifiable b$BUo8O}  
D) success lies in general agreement xucV$[f  
注:文章第四段,justifiable 合法化 >v(Xc/oI  
35.People working in a not - for - profit organization________. 5v]xk?Eb  
A) seem to be difficult to satisfy )S]c'}^  
B) are free to express diverse opinions !vU[V,~  
C) are less effective in making decisions g$+3IVq&  
D) find it easier to reach agreement $]_=B Jyu  
B C A D B ]b[ 3 th*  
第三篇 %V$^CWOy  
Children live in a world in which science has tremendous importance. During [wEx jLW  
their lifetimes it will affect them more and more. In time, many of them will work at hk~ s1"  
jobs that depend heavily on science --- for example, concerning energy sources, bY`k`3v  
pollution control, highway safety, wilderness conservation, and population growth, v;OA hFr|  
and population growth. As taxpayers they will pay for scientific research and u+]zi"k^s  
exploration. And, as consumers, they will be bombarded (受到轰击) by advertising, H;v*/~zl  
much of which is said to be based on science. \d6A<(!=v  
Therefore, it is important that children, the citizens of the future, become se?nx7~  
functionally acquainted with science---- with the process and spirit of science, as well MQI6e".  
as with its facts and principles. Fortunately, science has a natural appeal for ~ >6(@~6  
youngsters. They can relate it to so many things that they encounter ---- flashlights, Y,+$vj:y8  
tools, echoes, and rainbows. y+c+/L8  
Besides, science is an excellent medium for teaching far more than content. It Alrk3I3{  
can help pupils learn to think logically, to organize and analyse ideas. It can provide gG#M-2P  
practice in communication skills and mathematics. In fact, there is no area of the /m%;wH|6%  
curriculum to which science cannot contribute, whether it be geography, history, j_k!9"bt  
language arts, music, or art! O)&V}hU*  
Above all, good science teaching leads to what might be called a “scientific [z/OY&kF  
attitude.” Those who possess it seek answers through observing, experimenting, and q$\KE4v"  
reasoning, rather than blindly accepting the pronouncements of others. They weigh H=*;3gM,'  
evidence carefully and reach conclusions with caution. While respecting the opinions /WfpA\4S  
of others, they expect honesty, accuracy, and objectivity and are on guard against SoCa_9*X  
hasty judgments and sweeping generalizations. All children should be developing this b8Y-!] F  
approach to solving problems, but it cannot be expected to appear automatically with zh7NXTzyf  
the mere acquisition of information. Continual practice, through guided participation, ^W;\faG  
is needed. (293 words) M4`qi3I  
36. One of the reasons why science is important for children is that many of them E-CZk_K9  
will _____. +dlN^P647  
A. work in scientific research institutions xM[m(m  
B. work at jobs closely related to science C. make the final decision in matters 4v Ug:'DM  
concerning science 1a`dB ~>  
D. be fund-raisers for scientific research and exploration :GK]"sNC  
37. There is no doubt that children like learning science because_____. (r.[b  
A. science is linked with many of the things they meet B. science is a very easy ZPRkk?M}.  
subject for them to learn /alJN`g  
C. they encounter the facts and principles of science daily D. they are familiar +hGr2%*0f  
with the process and spirit of science ji5c0WH  
38. Pupils can learn logical thinking while _____. n' &:c}zKO  
A. practicing communication skills ]U82A**n  
B. studying geography ve<D[jQsk  
C. taking art courses saY":fva  
D. learning science 39. People with a scientific attitude ____. qi!+ Ceo}  
A. are ready to accept the pronouncements of others 'b~,/lZd  
B. tend to reach conclusions with certainty |U)M.\h  
C. are aware that others are likely to make hasty judgments '| WY 2>/(  
D. seek truth through observation , experimentation and reasoning 40. In the {W,&jC  
passage the writer seems to ______. ]2Zl\}GwY  
A. prove that science is a successful course in school )H8Rfn?  
B. point out that science as a course is now poorly taught in school <*oTVl4fS  
C. suggest that science should be included in the school curriculum D. predict q8#zv_>K  
that children who learn science will be good scientists [7 _1GSS1  
36-40 B A D D C
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