一、主句单一原则 S ^]mF>xX8
任何一个句子中只可能有一个主句。 BEtFFi6ot
做题时考生需要首先判断原题中已经给出的句子结构,如果已经有一个主句,那么就绝对不 ]w0_!Z&
能够再出现另一个主句,除非中间有连接词进行联系。 T*z*x=<5
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例 1:--, work songs often exhibit the song culture of a people in a fundamental form. s~06%QEG
(A) They occur where they are &G!~@\tMg
(B) Occuring where 'i<%kL@
(C) Where they occur '>cZ7:
(D) Where do they occur :.=#U
分析:空格后面是一个主句,(A)为带有从句的主句,空格后又是主句,有两个主句一定错。 [gGo^^aW#
C 为地点状语从句,正确(劳动歌曲发生的地方)。 O{x-9p
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例 2: --Indiana, is in a rich farming and dairy area, it is primarily a diversified industrial center :28[k~.bo
(A) Fort Wayne
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(B) Although Fort Wayne T9FGuit9
(C) For wayne is in ,zEPdhTX
(D) Fort Wayne, in [Lcy &+
分析:空格后有两个谓语动词但中间没有连接词,由此可知,最后一句话是一个主句,空格 ASB3|uy _
处应该有从句引导词,四个选项中只有(B)中 although能引导从句,故选(B)。 rgo!t028^
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二、谓语动词专一原则 r 6&+pSA>
任何一个句子只可能存在一个谓语动词。 g_@b- :$Yq
句子中不可能没有谓语动词,也不能多于一个谓语动词(除非中间存在连接词)。 $9h^tP'CV
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例 1:William Walker's mural, “Wall of Respect,” drvz
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9;
-----an outdoor wall in Chicago, deals with 0v#p4@Z
social issues. FE1'MUT_
(A) covers cqaq~
(B) covers it ^B8[B&K
(C) which covers 8_Z"@
(D) which it covers =3nA5'UZ
分析:空格后的 deals with 是谓语动词,A, B 是谓语形式, 和 deals with 之间没有连接词, k(xB%>ns
可先排除; D 中的 it 多余,因为在定语从句中 which 已经作了主语;C 构成正确的定语从句 He%v
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例 2:In copper engravings and etchings, -----caused /i
by the edges of the plate is clearly visible on WHqw=!G
the paper. Ce~Pms]
(A) the impression is \p%D;g+c
(B) if the impression is o=-Af|#b
(C) impressions 5~$WSL?O)
(D) the impression h*Mt{A&'.&
分析:题目中的 is 是谓语,A,B 中是谓语重复。C 为复数名词,与后面的谓语动词 is 的数 r?|(t?
不一致,故也排除。因此选择 D,caused.... 修饰 impression "([lkn
三、平行结构 Q[FDk63;w
技巧:如果填空题中空格的后面有 and, 或者 and 后面有空格,那么这道题目一定是考察平 *\_>=sS x;
行结构。 )NTpb
填空题中平行结构出现的形式是: {].]`#4Jx
A and B, (=j/"Mb
A , B, and C =>JA; ft
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例 1:The technique of recording, classifying, and-- a@AIv"q
is known as accounting. E>:#{%
(A) an enterprise's transactions summary "Bz#5kqnl
(B) the summarizing of an enterprise's Pb1.X9*8c
transactions k2.\1}\
(C) transactions of an enterprise are t3*.Bm:^
summarized We*uZ?+
(D) summarizing the transactions of an Q(R-8"
enterprise ?0-3J )kW
分析:空格的后面是 and, 一般考平行结构,空格处缺与前面 recording、classifying 并列的 r9<#R=r)}J
动名词。 9!0-~,o
四个选项中只有(D)符合条件,故选(D)。 Xc&J.Tw#4*
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例 2:Louis T. Wright, a surgeon, developed b?<@
ingenious orthopedic braces, --, and &i6JBZ#~,
supervised the first use of Aureomycin on /(9.Fqe(
human patients. e`+ej-o,
(A) treating skull fractures that he pioneered in |oQhtk8.
(B) pioneered in treating skull fractures m:k;?p:x
(C) which pioneered in treating skull fractures R:+?<U&
(D) he was a pioneer in the treatment of skull b(adM3MP
fractures IR&b2FTcU
分析:空格后面是 and, 空格处缺少和 developed、supervised 平行的谓语动词,因此选择(B)。 7#*`7 K'P!
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四、宾语从句结构 DYrci?8Ith
宾语从句的引导词在前面的主从复合句中已经提到。 {IF$\{Al
这里指出的是填空题中关于宾语从句考的最多的两个结构: state(陈述,表明)+that 1_8@yO
indicate(指明,表明)+that aU$8 0
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例 1:The quantum theory states --, such as light, zFY$^Oz"_
is given off and absorbed in tiny definite ];eJ'#
units called quanta or photons. IU"n`HS
(A) energy that dIA1\;@
(B) that it is energy 5kHU'D
(C) it is energy c0_5
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(D) that energy /N")uuv
分析:空格前的谓语动词 states一般接关系连词 that 引导的宾语从句,故首先排除 C。空格 %][zn$aa|
后已有谓语动词,空格不应再出现谓语动词,因此 D正确。 <W^>:!?w
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例 2:Studies of the gravity field of the Earth II\}84U2
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indicate--yield when unusual weight is B9`_~~^U5
placed on them. 6kONuG7Yv
(A) although its crust and mantle Y
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(B) its crust and mantle to D+h`Z]"|
(C) that its crust and mantle v5FfxDvw
(D) for its crust and mantle to 1R]h
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分析:空格处显然缺谓语动词 indicate 的宾语。(A)和(D)不能作宾语,可首先排除。(B) "rrE_
使句子结构混乱、语义不清,因此选择(D),构成宾语从句。 yoTx3U@
五、介词+ which结构 E<
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许多同学在选择 which还是介词+which 上总是不太明白,这里有一个技巧可以告诉大家。 Vp8!-[R
“which”后面一定加一个缺主语或者宾语的句子, ph3dm\U.
因为“which”在这个句子中作了宾语或者主语成分。 )$O'L7I n&
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“介词+ which”后面则跟一个完整的句子, R?:(~ X\
因为”介词+which”整个结构在定语从句中作状语。 iH-(_$f;
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例 1:In the United States, a primary election is ~-A"M_n ?
a method ---- voters select the nominees Qqp=
for public office. iUS?xKN$~-
(A) that Fn;Gq-^7@
(B)by which :ZXaJ!
(C)is that I.1(qbPkF+
(D)by those OuB[[L
分析:空格前后都是句子,因此缺从句引导词或连接词,首先排除 C和 D。 py\/m]
A能够引导从句,但是根据题意,修饰 method 是不通的。 8]J lYe
B 是介词+which, 引导定语从句,(大选是一种方法,根据这个方法,选民怎么….); K3`48,`?wA
正确 Lnl-han%
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例 2: Croquet is a popular lawn game ------ players hit wooden balls through wire arches called VS+5{w:t
wickers. N&W7g#F
(A) when /$UWTq/C7
(B) which eS2VLVxu
(C) is when JL?|NV-
(D) in which ,u
分析:空格前后都是完整的句子,空格处缺定语从句引导词,由此首先排除(A)和(C)。 .X6V>e)(3
但是到底是选择 B 还是D,则看从句,从句是完整的句子,那么一定选择 D, 关系代词 which 7zu3o
前应该有介词。 A~'p~@L
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六、in that结构 wKy4Ic+RV
在表示“原因”概念的引导词中, K(}<L-cv
because of +名词, vpu
consequently是副词
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而“in that”是原因状语的引导词。 QtfLJ5vi
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例 1:Mercury differs from other industrial metals ,jMV
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---- it is a liquid. 4?~Ei[KgQn
(A) whereas E>qe hs,g
(B) in that Mm#=d?YUHJ
(C) because of ~;nW+S$o
(D) consequently Ht%O9v
分析:空格前后都是完整的句子,空格处显然缺从句引导词。C、D不能引导从句,可以首 Xd9<`gu
先排除。 Bqb3[^;~
根据题意,两个句子之间是因果关系而不是对比关系,故选(B)。in that 为复合连词,用来 .t{?doOT
引导原因状语从句。 8?k.4{?
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例 2:Hovercraft, or air-cushion vehicles, are unusual :n(!,
-- travel over land and water on a layer of air. yykyvy
(A)they p2o66t
(B)in they xqaw00,s
(C)that they AmT*{Fz8
(D)in that they 2&U<Wiu\}
分析:空格处缺从句引导词和从句主语。A 和 B 缺从句引导词,首先被排除。C 一般作宾 DZ0\pp?S
语从句或定语从句,而句中需要的是状语从句,故也排除。D中 in that为连词,引导表原因 58_aI?~>>
的状语从句,符合题意(气垫船之所以不同,是因为……),故选 D。 j_~lc,+m
c)=UX_S!
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这里我们再重申一下,如果选项中出现“介词+which”或者“in that”,那么首先考虑这个选项, G3t
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如果后面使用的是完整的句子结构,那么这个选项就一定是答案。这种题目平时出现的不多, .Dg'MMBM
但是要考的话一定就是重点。 t8FgQ)tk
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例 3:Emily Dickinson's garden was a place ------ _fANl}Mf:
great inspiration for her poems. 1Du9N[2'P
(A) that she drew (B) by drawing her jRIm_)
(C) from which she drew Fgg4QF
(D) drawn from which JSm3ZP|GqJ
分析:首先看选项 C, “介词+which”, 而后面是 she drew great inspiration for her poems.是一个 ]6 {\`a
完整句子,那么选项 C就是答案。 uu582%tiG
七、what结构 - dt<w;>W
what 结构在95.8 以后的新题中考的非常多,记住一点: "t"&6\
what=the thing that Vl+,OBy
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例 1:The chief foods eaten in any country depend 8RR6f98FF
largely on ----- best in its climate and soil. F
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(A) it grows Af"vSL
(B) what grows #FV(a ~
(C) does it grow SbW6O_
(D) what does it grow O(E-ox~q
分析:空格前有 depend on 这个短语,四个选项都是句子,故可判断出空格处为宾语从句。 W=~H_L?/
A和 C 没有从句引导词,故排除,(D)的语序有问题,从句不能用特殊疑问句的倒装形式, XOy#?X/`
故(B)正确。 ]& qmV
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例 2:During the eighteenth century, Little Turtle Eqva]
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was chief of the Miami tribe whose territory ico(4KSk
became----is now Indiana and Ohio. lFY;O !Y5\
(A) there wFaWLC|&
(B) where ^$y_~z3o#7
(C) that lA<IcW
(D) what 'm=9&?0S
分析:空格处缺的词既要引导从句又要作从句主语。四个选项中只有 D符合条件。 (Rk g
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八、同位语结构 P
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同位语考试形式一:名词作主语,主语同位语 R@0ELxzA
___, __ _, ___ (注意是两个逗号) 2'J.$ h3
例 1:The tongue , -----, is an important aid in chewing kc8T@5+I0
and swallowing . ;r[=
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(A) is the chief organ of taste "FaG5X(
(B) tasting the organ chiefly Nu{RF
(C) the chief organ of taste _wf"E(c3D
(D) the organ chiefly tastes }~-)31e'`
分析:空格处显然缺定语或同位语。句中已有谓语动词 is, 故先排除 A和 D。(B)不合题意, !U/:!e`N
故也可排除。(C)是名词短语,适合作主语的同位语,使句子完整,句意正确,故选(C)。 bah5 f
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同位语考试形式二:名词作主语,后面的名词是主语同位语,解释说明后面的名词 U'.>wjO
___, ___ (注意是一个逗号) wR/i+,K
例 2:A prolific writer of prose and verse, ----of BoIe<{X(9
Native Americans in her novel, Century of =fi.*d?$7
Dishonor. zAB-kE\)
(A) Helen Hunt Jackson took up the cause qg6Hk:^r
(B) the cause taken up by Helen Hunt Jackson h2aJa@;S
(C) was Helen Hunt Jackson's cause }.zgVLL
(D) the cause that Helen Hunt Jackson took up. L +. K}w
分析:空格前为名词短语,空格后为介词短语,空格处明显缺主语和谓语动词。根据空格前 T:.J9
名词短语的意思判断,主语应该是人名而不是指物的名词,故选(A)。 cX.v^9kuX
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例 3:Often very annoying weeds ,-----and act as [AX).b
hosts to many insect pests. A7_*zR@
(A) that crowd out less hardy plants than ~P6K)V|@<
goldenrods cB<0~&
(B) crowding out less hardy plants by goldenrods 9y]$c1
(C) the goldenrod's crowding out of less hardy `O}.
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plants N{p2@_fnB
(D) goldenrods crowd out less hardy plants V(!b!i@
分析:空格后面是 and, 句中缺少与 and 并列的谓语动词。A只有从句没有主句; B,C分别是 [sNn^x
分词和名词短语, 无法与动词 act 并列; D 包含主语的同位语 goldenrods和谓语动词 crowd。 2,QkktJLo
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同位语考试形式三:主谓宾后面出现一个名词,那么名词可以作宾语或者表语的同位语 6/#= dv
例 4:An Olympic marathon is 26 miles and 385 [[s k
yards, approximately ---- from Marathon to 4a2&kIn
Athens. @Qc[
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(A) the distance is #sqDZ]\B
(B) that the distance is 9I.v?Tap
(C) is that the distance q75F^AvH
(D) the distance %74Ms
分析:逗号前为完整的句子,后面如果再接句子一定要有连接词或者从句引导词。A、B、 ]7u8m[@
C 均为主谓结构,但都没有从句引导词,故排除。D是名词短语作表语同位语,故选(D)。 Bgs~1E @8V
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九、比较结构 v"F0$c
比较结构中要注意两点:1、倒装性;2、对称性 |y:DLsom?i
例 1:Western Nebraska generally receives less 5W{>5.Arx)
snow than --eastern Nebraska. M"9
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(A) does rf`Br\g8
(B) in q/B+F%QiMQ
(C) it does in HRb_ZJz
(D) in it does Iiy:<c
分析:than引导比较状语从句,空格后面是个专有名词,肯定是比较从句的主语,空格处明显缺从句的谓语动词,只有(A)符合条件,故选(A)。注意 than eastern Nebraska does 是 e:,.-Kvzp`
正确的语序,但是原文中使用了倒装;在比较结构的后面部分中,如果比较从句的主语长, s?6 7@\
谓语动词短,动词可放到主语前面进行到装。 h3)KT+7.
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例 2: Hot objects emit----- do cold objects. Wig0OZj
(A) rays more than infrared n7MS{`
(B) rays are more infrared than Gqia@>T4*N
(C) more than infrared rays vfbe=)}[
(D) more infrared rays than R_1C+
分析:emit 为及物动词,空格处缺宾语和引导比较从句的 than, 只有(D)符合条件。注意 KqSa"76R
空格后为倒装形式,do代替 emit 以避免重复。此题为常考的句子结构。 :O!G{./(_
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比较结构中还需要注意相互比较的必须属于同一种事物 =3zn
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例 3:The activities of the international marketing XOeh![eMX
researcher are frequently much broader than ----. 6>L. )V
(A) the domestic marketer has *3ne(c
(B) the domestic marketer does $HXB !$d
(C) those of the domestic marketer (En\odbvt
(D) that which has the domestic marketer wr$}AX
分析:本题还是考查比较句,由于谓语动词是系动词 are, 故先排除与其不对应的以 has 和 :HE]P)wz-
does 结尾的(A)和(B)。选项 D则语义不清,也可排除。C 中 those 代替前面提到的 activities ^i8I 1@ =
以避免重复,those 一定要具备,因为只有这样才能满足比较的都是 activities,谓语动词 are lQsQRp
因与主句谓语动词相同而被省略,因此 C 为正确答案。 YT5>pM-%
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例 4:The annual worth of Utah's manufacturing _RW[]MN3*
is greater than --. v2n0[b0
(A) that of its mining and farming combined `es($7}P_W
(B) mining and farming combination 3opLLf_g
(C) that mining and farming combined Z8&C-yCC
(D) of its combination mining and farming E~>6*_?
分析:本题为比较句,一般来说,比较的双方应属于同一类事物。句中主语显然是比较的一 N-rmk
方,而空格处应是与之相对应的另一方。(B)、(C)、(D)均无法与 the annual worth相对应, qp W#!Vbx
故可以排除。(A)中代词 that 代替 the annual worth, 是英语中常见的避免重复的用法,故 j>o +}p?3I
选(A)。 99 !{[gOv
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