2015吉林大学考博英语真题阅读理解精练 q(zJ%Gv)
Bernard Bailyn has recently reinterpreted the early history of the txZ?=8j_Y
United States by applying new social research findings on the J4"mK1N(
experiences of European migrants. In his reinterpretation, migration /;7y{(o
becomes the organizing principle for rewriting the history of Z.W66\8~}^
preindustrial North America. His approach rests on four separate yz-,)GB6
propositions. $we]91(::
The first of these asserts that residents of early modern England %]g
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moved regularly about their countryside; migrating to the New World zaFt*~@X
was simply a “natural spillover”. Although at first the colonies *[r!
held little positive attraction for the English — they would rather Q\GDrdA
have stayed home — by the eighteenth century people increasingly N0K){
migrated to America because they regarded it as the land of *?z0$Kz<,[
opportunity. Secondly, Bailyn holds that, contrary to the notion that @WQK>-=(3
used to flourish in America history textbooks, there was never a |y h\
typical New World community. For example, the economic and bn(`O1r[(
demographic character of early New England towns varied considerably. ~`GhS<D
Bailyn’s third proposition suggest two general patterns "+z?x~rk
prevailing among the many thousands of migrants: one group came as C
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indentured servants, another came to acquire land. Surprisingly, 9U {y1}
Bailyn suggests that those who recruited indentured servants were the E]J:~H'E
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driving forces of transatlantic migration. These colonial Ja
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entrepreneurs helped determine the social character of people who 'DCFezdf3
came to preindustrial North America. At first, thousands of unskilled Q|
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laborers were recruited; by the 1730’s, however, American employers
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demanded skilled artisans. @v}B6j b;
Finally, Bailyn argues that the colonies were a half-civilized [3W*9j
hinterland of the European culture system. He is undoubtedly correct lJzl6&
to insist that the colonies were part of an Anglo-American empire. {/LZcz[
But to divide the empire into English core and colonial periphery, 6AvHavA^Y
as Bailyn does, devalues the achievements of colonial culture. It is >#}2J[2HQ
true, as Bailyn claims, that high culture in the colonies never &3v&i*DG,I
matched that in England. But what of seventeenth-century New England, Y4F6qyP)"
where the settlers created effective laws, built a distinguished e8h,,:l3j
university, and published books? Bailyn might respond that New *9 Q^5;y
England was exceptional. However, the ideas and institutions nRb^<cZf
developed by New England Puritans had powerful effects on North K9[e>
American culture. U{~SXk'2+
Although Bailyn goes on to apply his approach to some thousands >r)X:K+I
of indentured servants who migrated just prior to the revolution, he GIftrYr
fails to link their experience with the political development of the ~:lKS;PRuK
United States. Evidence presented in his work suggests how we might F52B~@.
make such a connection. These indentured servants were treated as S'U@X
slaves for the period during which they had sold their time to American tfkr+
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employers. It is not surprising that as soon as they served their time 6P`)%zj
they passed up good wages in the cities and headed west to ensure their zTo8OPr
personal independence by acquiring land. Thus, it is in the west that "PH6e bm
a peculiarly American political culture began, among colonists who (QB+%2v
Qn:kz*:
were suspicious of authority and intensely anti-aristocratic. .5> 20\b2
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iu jiu qi ba QQ: si jiu san san qi yi liu er liu ) *zVvQ=
1. Which of the following statements about migrants to colonial North MS<SAD>w
America is supported by information in the text? u>.y:>
[A] A larger percentage of migrants to colonial North America came ~V)?>)T
as indentured servants than as free agents interested in acquiring x.$1<w64t
land. 7ODaX.t->
[B] Migrants who came to the colonies as indentured servants were wk\L* \@Y}
more successful at making a livelihood than were farmers and artisans. -s__E
[C] Migrants to colonial North America were more successful at X1A<$Am1
acquiring their own land during the eighteenth century than during Wv K(G3
the seventeenth century. U!e6FHj7
[D] By the 1730’s, migrants already skilled in a trade were in .tF|YP==
more demand by American employers than were unskilled laborers. q]<xMg#nu
2. The author of the text states that Bailyn failed to tkuc/Z/@
[A] give sufficient emphasis to the cultural and political L>Jd7;=
interdependence of the colonies and England. en9en=n|
[B] describe carefully how migrants of different ethnic 0,FC
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backgrounds preserved their culture in the United States. *j*Du+
[C] take advantage of social research on the experiences of lr('k`KOQ
colonists who migrated to colonial North America specifically to Pg^h,2h
acquire land. fk5XvL
[D] relate the experience of the migrants to the political values V
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that eventually shaped the character of the United States. FMu!z
3. Which of the following best summarizes the author’s X<MpN5%|Wo
evaluation of Bailyn’s fourth proposition? IG.f=+<0
[A] It is totally implausible. V,QwN&
[B] It is partially acceptable. )&Z>@S^
[C] It is highly admirable. ,5-Zb3\
[D] It is controversial though persuasive. d$1#<