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主题 : 2015吉林大学考博英语真题阅读理解精练
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2015吉林大学考博英语真题阅读理解精练

2015吉林大学考博英语真题阅读理解精练 q(zJ%Gv)  
Bernard Bailyn has recently reinterpreted the early history of the txZ?=8j_Y  
United States by applying new social research findings on the J4"mK1N(  
experiences of European migrants. In his reinterpretation, migration /;7y{(o  
becomes the organizing principle for rewriting the history of Z.W66\8~}^  
preindustrial North America. His approach rests on four separate yz-,)GB6  
propositions. $we]91(: :  
The first of these asserts that residents of early modern England %]g n?`O  
moved regularly about their countryside; migrating to the New World zaFt*~@X  
was simply a “natural spillover”. Although at first the colonies  *[r!  
held little positive attraction for the English — they would rather Q\GDrdA  
have stayed home — by the eighteenth century people increasingly N0K){  
migrated to America because they regarded it as the land of *?z0$Kz<,[  
opportunity. Secondly, Bailyn holds that, contrary to the notion that @WQK>-=(3  
used to flourish in America history textbooks, there was never a  |y h\  
typical New World community. For example, the economic and bn(`O1r[(  
demographic character of early New England towns varied considerably. ~`GhS<D  
Bailyn’s third proposition suggest two general patterns "+z?x~rk  
prevailing among the many thousands of migrants: one group came as C W)Z[<d8  
indentured servants, another came to acquire land. Surprisingly, 9U {y1}  
Bailyn suggests that those who recruited indentured servants were the E]J:~H'E r  
driving forces of transatlantic migration. These colonial Ja ]?&j  
entrepreneurs helped determine the social character of people who 'DCFezdf3  
came to preindustrial North America. At first, thousands of unskilled Q| ,B*b  
}m/RZP~=  
laborers were recruited; by the 1730’s, however, American employers  Og2vGzD  
demanded skilled artisans. @v}B6j b;  
Finally, Bailyn argues that the colonies were a half-civilized [3W*9j  
hinterland of the European culture system. He is undoubtedly correct lJzl6&  
to insist that the colonies were part of an Anglo-American empire. {/ LZcz[  
But to divide the empire into English core and colonial periphery, 6AvHavA^Y  
as Bailyn does, devalues the achievements of colonial culture. It is >#}2J[2HQ  
true, as Bailyn claims, that high culture in the colonies never &3v&i*DG,I  
matched that in England. But what of seventeenth-century New England, Y4F6qyP)"  
where the settlers created effective laws, built a distinguished e8h,,:l3j  
university, and published books? Bailyn might respond that New *9 Q^5;y  
England was exceptional. However, the ideas and institutions nRb^<cZf  
developed by New England Puritans had powerful effects on North K9[e>  
American culture. U{~SXk'2+  
Although Bailyn goes on to apply his approach to some thousands >r)X:K+I  
of indentured servants who migrated just prior to the revolution, he GIftrYr  
fails to link their experience with the political development of the ~:lKS;PRuK  
United States. Evidence presented in his work suggests how we might F52B~@ .  
make such a connection. These indentured servants were treated as S'U@X  
slaves for the period during which they had sold their time to American tfkr+ /  
employers. It is not surprising that as soon as they served their time 6  P`)%zj  
they passed up good wages in the cities and headed west to ensure their zTo8OPr  
personal independence by acquiring land. Thus, it is in the west that "PH6e bm  
a peculiarly American political culture began, among colonists who (QB+%2v  
Qn:kz*:  
were suspicious of authority and intensely anti-aristocratic. .5> 20\b2  
(PS:The way to contact yumingkaobo TEL:si ling ling-liu liu ba-l ]lS@}W\  
iu jiu qi ba QQ: si jiu san san qi yi liu er liu ) *zVvQ=  
1. Which of the following statements about migrants to colonial North MS<SAD>w  
America is supported by information in the text? u>.y:>  
[A] A larger percentage of migrants to colonial North America came ~V)?>)T  
as indentured servants than as free agents interested in acquiring x.$1<w64t  
land. 7ODaX.t->  
[B] Migrants who came to the colonies as indentured servants were wk\L*\@Y}  
more successful at making a livelihood than were farmers and artisans. -s__ E  
[C] Migrants to colonial North America were more successful at X1A<$Am1  
acquiring their own land during the eighteenth century than during Wv K(G3  
the seventeenth century. U!e6FHj7  
[D] By the 1730’s, migrants already skilled in a trade were in .tF|YP==  
more demand by American employers than were unskilled laborers. q]<xMg#nu  
2. The author of the text states that Bailyn failed to tkuc/Z/@  
[A] give sufficient emphasis to the cultural and political L>Jd7; =  
interdependence of the colonies and England. en9en=n|  
[B] describe carefully how migrants of different ethnic 0,FC YTtj$  
backgrounds preserved their culture in the United States. *j*Du+  
[C] take advantage of social research on the experiences of lr('k`KOQ  
colonists who migrated to colonial North America specifically to Pg^h,2h  
acquire land. fk5XvL  
[D] relate the experience of the migrants to the political values V RS 2cc  
that eventually shaped the character of the United States. FMu!z  
3. Which of the following best summarizes the author’s X<MpN5%|Wo  
evaluation of Bailyn’s fourth proposition? IG.f=+<0  
[A] It is totally implausible. V,QwN&  
[B] It is partially acceptable. )&Z>@S^  
[C] It is highly admirable. ,5-Zb3\  
[D] It is controversial though persuasive. d$1 #<-yP  
4. According to the text, Bailyn and the author agree on which UR>_)*  
of the following statements about the culture of colonial New England? w@N{ @tG  
[A] High culture in New England never equaled the high culture Fu0.~w  
of England 4DML  
[B] The cultural achievements of colonial New England have ~Q!~eTw  
generally been unrecognized by historians.  tSw>@FM  
[C] The colonists imitated the high culture of England, and did sX'U|)/pD  
not develop a culture that was uniquely their own. mrnxI#6  
[D] The southern colonies were greatly influenced by the high xw%)rm<t  
culture of New England. {a4xF2  
5. The author of the text would be most likely to agree with which z<QIuq  
of the following statements about Bailyn’s work? E*4t8  
[A] Bailyn underestimates the effects of Puritan thought on North di_gWE  
American culture. }=pOiILvD  
[B] Bailyn overemphasizes the economic dependence of the colonies Rrz'(KSDw  
on Great Britain. M'|)dM|  
[C] Bailyn’s description of the colonies as part of an B/u*<k4  
8on[%Vk  
Anglo-American empire is misleading and incorrect. 1nXqi)&?;  
[D] Bailyn failed to test his propositions on a specific group j&llrN  
of migrants to colonial North America. *K!7R2Rat  
答案:DDBAA
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