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第一节:非谓语动词 sN[@mAoH
1.In the American economy, the concept of private property embraces not only the ownershipofproductiveresourcesbutalsocertainrights,includingtherighttodeterminethe < 8W:ij.`
price ofaproductor tomake afree contract with another private individual. :ayO+fr#
2.Arguingfromtheviewthathumansaredifferentfromanimalsineveryrelevantrespect, extremists ofthis kindthinkthatanimalslie outsidetheareaof moralchoice. 0,i+
第二节:名词性从句 -7Y'6''~W.
一 主语从句 enfu%"(K)
1.Thatasmuchas one-fourth ofall timber harvested is notusedprovedto befalse. s-YV_
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2.Itisoneofthe mostunpleasantdiscoverieswhichweallmakethatwemustdeclineinthis way, thatifweescapewars,accidentsanddiseasesweshalleventuallydieofoldage,and that this happens atarate whichdiffers little fromperson toperson, so that there are heavyodds in favor ofourdyingbetweenthe ages ofsixty-five andeighty. f"}14V
二 宾语从句 *dn-,Q%`
1. Somephilosophers arguethat rightsexist onlywithinasocialcontract, aspart ofan exchange ofduties andentitlements. 66y ,{t
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2. Itwasnecessaryto recognizethattheseinstitutions whicharebased on thesamepremises, letus saythesupernatural,mustbeconsideredtogether,our own amongtherest. #$
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三 表语从句 l#(g&x6J
1. Theironyofthehistorian’scraftisthatitspractitionersalwaysknowthattheireffortsare butcontributionsto an unending process. Yv`1ySR
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2. Galileo’s greatest glory was that in 1609 he was the first person toturn the newly invented telescopeon the heavensto prove thattheplanetsrevolvearound the sunrather than around theearth. 0i1?S6]d-
四 同位语从句 <k8rSxn{
1. Influencedbytheviewofsometwentieth-centuryfeministsthatwomen’spositionwithin the family is one of the central factors determining women’s social position, some historianshave underestimated thesignificance ofthewomansuffragemovement. -wHGi
2. Thismodernfaithinmedicines is proved bythefactthatthe annualdrugbilloftheHealth Servicesismountingtoastronomicalfigures andshowsnosigns atpresentofceasing to rise. @RG3*3(
第三节:定语从句
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1. Besides,thisisunlikelytoproducetheneedednumberofeverykindofprofessionalina !"qEB2r
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country aslarge as ours andwhere theeconomy is spread over somanystates andinvolves somanyinternationalcorporations. ZkG##Jp\>
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2. Silicon Valley is a magnet to which numerous talented engineers, scientists and entrepreneursfromoverseasflockinsearchoffame,fastmoneyandtoparticipateina technologicalrevolutionwhoseimpactonmankindwillsurelysurpasstheepoch-making European Renaissance andIndustrial Revolution ofthebygoneage. 91'^--N
第四节:状语从句 x-P_}}K 79
1. Thegreaterinterestinexceptionalchildrenshowninpubliceducationoverthepastthree decadesindicates thestrongfeelinginoursocietythatallcitizens, whatevertheir special conditions,deservetheopportunity tofullydeveloptheir capabilities. 1JY90l$ME
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2. Initiallythebraincanfunctionnormallyasitlosesdopaminergicneuronsin thesubstantia nigra, eventhough itcannotreplacethedead cells. }LVE^6zyk
第五节:并列结构 m<;" 1<k
1. Childrenwillplaywithdollsequippedwithpersonalitychips,computerswith in-built personalities willberegardedasworkmatesrather thantools,relaxation willbe in frontof smell-television,anddigitalage willhavearrived. m^
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2. The role of natural selection in evolution was formulated only as little more than a hundredyearsage,andtheselectiveroleoftheenvironmentinshapingandmaintaining thebehavior oftheindividual is onlybeginning to berecognized andstudied. )4O`%9=M&
第六节:强调结构 G&B}jj
强调结构是指在句子当中,有时为了突出句子的某些成分以加强语气,增强情感色彩或 加强对比,需要改变句子结构,这种结构叫做强调结构 ph. :~n>z
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1Do(does/did)+原形动词表强调 此种结构来强调谓语动词,往往只用于一般现在时或一般过去时的肯定句或肯定结构的 X=}0+W
祈使句,不适用于"be"动词 0L-g'^nn
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1. Thus, intheAmericaneconomicsystemitis thedemandsofindividualconsumers,coupled with thedesireofbusinessmen tomaximizeprofitsandthedesireofindividualsto maximize their incomes, that together determine what shall be produced and how resources are used toproduce it. aPMM:RP`
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2. Itisanimalsandplantswhichlivedinornearwaterwhoseremainsaremostlikelytobe preserved,foroneof thenecessaryconditionsofpreservationis quickburial,and itisonly intheseasandrivers,and sometimes lakes,wheremudandsilthavebeencontinuously deposited,thatbodies andthelike can be rapidlycovered over andpreserved. Vi~+C@96
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第七节:比较结构 5,fzB~$TX(
英语中,比较结构的句型复杂,表现形式多样。在翻译的时候,需要仔细分析,在准确 理解的基础上,才能进行贴切的表达。所以,从理解与表达的角度来看,比较的形式是次要 的,真正重要的是意义上的比较。只要意义上表示比较,就属于比较句式。常见的比较结构 的意义很容易理解,所以也比较容易翻译,如:I am tallerthan he.(我比他高)。因此,这 里不再叙述基本比较结构的翻译方法,而主要介绍在意义上容易混淆的比较结构的翻译。 'KrkCA
一、as…as…句型 \Fjq|3`<l
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as…as…句型是同级比较,表示两者比较程度一样。所以在翻译的时候,通常翻译为“… %^A++Z$`
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(二)notas (or so)…as…句型 WJ,ON-v
跟as…as…句型相反的结构notas(orso)…as…表示两者的程度不一样,前者不如后者, 所以,通常翻译为“…不如…”。 -I<`!kH*
(三)notsomuch…as…句型
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not somuch…as…通常翻译为“与其说…不如说…”。 =-T
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(四)notsomuch as…句型 XS@6jbLE
not somuchas…这个结构相当于“noteven…”,所以通常翻译为“甚至不…,甚至没有…”。 请注意与not somuch…as…这个结构的区别。 BGOI
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二、比较级+thantodo…句型 HX^
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由比较级与than todosth.结合在一起的句型,通常翻译为“不至于做某事”。 S d -+a
I hada bettercommand ofEnglish than tomakesuch foolish mistakes. g
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我的英语学得很好,不至于犯这样愚蠢的错误。 &-tf/qJ
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三、more…than…句型 y+<HS]vyV
(一)more Athan B句型 r
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(二)morethan…句型 fq'Of
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1.morethan后面接数词,表示“多于…,….以上”的意思。 k
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2.morethan后面接名词或者动词,表示“不只是…”的意思。 TM;)[R@
3.morethan后面接形容词、副词或者分词,表示“极其,非常”的意思。 [z9i v~
4.morethan…can…则表示“难以…,完全不能…”的意思。 '}=M~
(三)nomore…than…句型 ' wEP:}
1. nomore Athan B ]SI`fja/
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2.noless Athan B A是B也是 4^r}&9C~
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1. Science, in practice, depends far less on the experiments it prepares than on the preparedness of themindsof themenwhowatchtheexperiments. Gu-Sv!4p
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2. Theseproposalssoughttoplacegreaterrestrictionsontheuseandcopyingofdigital informationthan existintraditionalmedia. Ok@5`?08
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第八节:否定结构 AQ&;y&+QR
英语中的否定结构是翻译中的一个常见而以比较复杂质问题。由于英汉两种语言在表达 方法上存在很大差异,尤其在表达否定概念上,英语在用词、语法和逻辑等方面与汉语都有 很大不同。有些英语否定句译成汉语后却变成了肯定形式,而另一些肯定句型译成汉语后又 往往变成否定形式。在翻译过程中,这些否定句就象陷阱一样,稍有不慎,就会掉入其中。 因此翻译否定结构时,切不可望文生义,而必须细心揣摩,真正透彻理解其意义,然后根据 汉语的表达习惯进行翻译。只有正确地理解英语中的各种否定句型,才能使译文准确、恰当 地表达出原文的含义。 q/Q*1
1 形式肯定但意义否定 morethan can… anythingbut… u=4Rn
may (might)aswell… pd|s7
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2 形式否定但意义肯定 !@Ox%vK
not…until(直到……才),not…too(越……越好),nonebut(只有),nothingbut(只有), nothingmorethan(仅仅),no sooner…than(刚一……就),hardly…when…(刚一……就),not only…butalso(不仅……而且),not…longbefore(很快就),nomorethan(仅仅,只是),no other than(只有,正是) 8ViDh
3 否定谓语转换为否定状语 英语原文否定谓语,翻译成汉语时,需要把否定转移到状语上。 Hedoesn’tstudy inthe classroom. 他不在教室里学习。 V\
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4 主句的否定转换为从句的否定 英语原文否定主句,而翻译成汉语的时候,需要把否定转移到从句上。这样 结构常常 4x:fOhtP
是not…because….,可以翻译为“并不是因为…才…”。 oyUf/Sl
She did notcomebecauseshe wanted to seeme. y,aASy!Q
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1. Thecontemporaryphenomenonofcarworshipistobeexplainednotleastbythesenseof independence andfreedomthat ownership entails. \t}!Dr+yN
2. Childrenoftodaydonotautomaticallybecomemoresophisticatedbecausetheyhave access tomoreinformationthan children ofthepast. EfOJ%Xr[,l
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第九节:倒装结构 k@[Bx>
1. Forexample,theydonotcompensateforgrosssocialinequality,andthisdonottellhow able an underprivileged youngstermighthave been hadhegrown up under morefavorable circumstances. ;&iQNXL
2. Acultureinwhichthecitizenssharesimilarreligiousbeliefsandvaluesismorelikelyto havelawsthatrepresentthewishesofitspeoplethanisaculturewherecitizenscome fromdiversebackgrounds. k}/0B
第十节:分裂结构 %zWtPxAf
1. Whilewarningsareoftenappropriateandnecessary----thedangersofdruginteractions, for example----and manyare required bystate or federalregulations,itisn’tclear thatthey actuallyprotectthemanufacturers andsellersfromliabilityifacustomer isinjured. Pd>hd0!.%
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2. Odd thoughitsounds,cosmic inflation isascientificallyplausible consequence ofsome respected ideasinelementary-particlephysics,and manyastrophysicists havebeen convinced forthebetter partof adecadethat it istrue. <jxTI%'f59
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