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第一节：非谓语动词 *sjj"^'=
1．In the American economy, the concept of private property embraces not only the ownershipofproductiveresourcesbutalsocertainrights,includingtherighttodeterminethe ,xm;JXJ
price ofaproductor tomake afree contract with another private individual. ~ W2:NQ>i
2．Arguingfromtheviewthathumansaredifferentfromanimalsineveryrelevantrespect, extremists ofthis kindthinkthatanimalslie outsidetheareaof moralchoice. @?'t@P:4
第二节：名词性从句 ?ykVf O'
一 主语从句 PWADbu{+
1.Thatasmuchas one-fourth ofall timber harvested is notusedprovedto befalse. : ;|)/
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2.Itisoneofthe mostunpleasantdiscoverieswhichweallmakethatwemustdeclineinthis way, thatifweescapewars,accidentsanddiseasesweshalleventuallydieofoldage,and that this happens atarate whichdiffers little fromperson toperson, so that there are heavyodds in favor ofourdyingbetweenthe ages ofsixty-five andeighty. 1EKcD^U,
二 宾语从句 nF|#@O`1
1. Somephilosophers arguethat rightsexist onlywithinasocialcontract, aspart ofan exchange ofduties andentitlements. <1;,B%_^
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2. Itwasnecessaryto recognizethattheseinstitutions whicharebased on thesamepremises, letus saythesupernatural,mustbeconsideredtogether,our own amongtherest. @2 x0V]AI
三 表语从句 V+4k!
1. Theironyofthehistorian’scraftisthatitspractitionersalwaysknowthattheireffortsare butcontributionsto an unending process. , mAB)at
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2. Galileo’s greatest glory was that in 1609 he was the first person toturn the newly invented telescopeon the heavensto prove thattheplanetsrevolvearound the sunrather than around theearth. 9,Crmbw8
四 同位语从句 >S?C {_g
1. Influencedbytheviewofsometwentieth-centuryfeministsthatwomen’spositionwithin the family is one of the central factors determining women’s social position, some historianshave underestimated thesignificance ofthewomansuffragemovement. #+ 2:d?t
2. Thismodernfaithinmedicines is proved bythefactthatthe annualdrugbilloftheHealth Servicesismountingtoastronomicalfigures andshowsnosigns atpresentofceasing to rise. $sd3h\P&R
第三节：定语从句 ;-Y]X(z>
1. Besides,thisisunlikelytoproducetheneedednumberofeverykindofprofessionalina ihpz}g
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country aslarge as ours andwhere theeconomy is spread over somanystates andinvolves somanyinternationalcorporations. 9T bS>o
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2. Silicon Valley is a magnet to which numerous talented engineers, scientists and entrepreneursfromoverseasflockinsearchoffame,fastmoneyandtoparticipateina technologicalrevolutionwhoseimpactonmankindwillsurelysurpasstheepoch-making European Renaissance andIndustrial Revolution ofthebygoneage. NIWI6qCw
第四节：状语从句
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1. Thegreaterinterestinexceptionalchildrenshowninpubliceducationoverthepastthree decadesindicates thestrongfeelinginoursocietythatallcitizens, whatevertheir special conditions,deservetheopportunity tofullydeveloptheir capabilities. \>aa8LOe
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2. Initiallythebraincanfunctionnormallyasitlosesdopaminergicneuronsin thesubstantia nigra, eventhough itcannotreplacethedead cells. e aYkYuS/
第五节：并列结构 V{AH\IV-
1. Childrenwillplaywithdollsequippedwithpersonalitychips,computerswith in-built personalities willberegardedasworkmatesrather thantools,relaxation willbe in frontof smell-television,anddigitalage willhavearrived. |)!k @?_
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2. The role of natural selection in evolution was formulated only as little more than a hundredyearsage,andtheselectiveroleoftheenvironmentinshapingandmaintaining thebehavior oftheindividual is onlybeginning to berecognized andstudied.
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第六节：强调结构 Nak'g/uP>
强调结构是指在句子当中，有时为了突出句子的某些成分以加强语气，增强情感色彩或 加强对比，需要改变句子结构，这种结构叫做强调结构 nY"rqILX?
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1Do(does/did)+原形动词表强调 此种结构来强调谓语动词，往往只用于一般现在时或一般过去时的肯定句或肯定结构的 ]` &[Se d
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2Itis/was...that(who)结构表强调 i Ks,i9j
3 强调部分提前 }Nd`;d
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1. Thus, intheAmericaneconomicsystemitis thedemandsofindividualconsumers,coupled with thedesireofbusinessmen tomaximizeprofitsandthedesireofindividualsto maximize their incomes, that together determine what shall be produced and how resources are used toproduce it. N`|Ab(.
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2. Itisanimalsandplantswhichlivedinornearwaterwhoseremainsaremostlikelytobe preserved,foroneof thenecessaryconditionsofpreservationis quickburial,and itisonly intheseasandrivers,and sometimes lakes,wheremudandsilthavebeencontinuously deposited,thatbodies andthelike can be rapidlycovered over andpreserved. C$..w80/1
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第七节：比较结构 XB!`*vZ/<
英语中，比较结构的句型复杂，表现形式多样。在翻译的时候，需要仔细分析，在准确 理解的基础上，才能进行贴切的表达。所以，从理解与表达的角度来看，比较的形式是次要 的，真正重要的是意义上的比较。只要意义上表示比较，就属于比较句式。常见的比较结构 的意义很容易理解，所以也比较容易翻译，如：I am tallerthan he.（我比他高）。因此，这 里不再叙述基本比较结构的翻译方法，而主要介绍在意义上容易混淆的比较结构的翻译。 2
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一、as…as…句型 HBga'xJ
（一）as…as…句型 O3w_vm'
as…as…句型是同级比较，表示两者比较程度一样。所以在翻译的时候，通常翻译为“… (h@yA8>n
和….一样”。 GFc
（二）notas (or so)…as…句型 4k&O-70y4^
跟as…as…句型相反的结构notas(orso)…as…表示两者的程度不一样，前者不如后者， 所以，通常翻译为“…不如…”。 J%O4IcE
（三）notsomuch…as…句型
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not somuch…as…通常翻译为“与其说…不如说…”。 ^p- e
（四）notsomuch as…句型 ga1gd
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not somuchas…这个结构相当于“noteven…”，所以通常翻译为“甚至不…，甚至没有…”。 请注意与not somuch…as…这个结构的区别。 8|-mzb&
Hecannot somuchas spella word. 他甚至连一个词也不会写。 Qpv}N*v^
二、比较级+thantodo…句型 0Ilvr]1a4
由比较级与than todosth.结合在一起的句型，通常翻译为“不至于做某事”。 '<D}5u7 2
I hada bettercommand ofEnglish than tomakesuch foolish mistakes. tUF]f6
我的英语学得很好，不至于犯这样愚蠢的错误。 &:f'{>3
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三、more…than…句型 5d{Ggg{s
（一）more Athan B句型 3
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（二）morethan…句型 ; OqLNfU3y
在英语中，如果more than…句型后面所跟的词性不相同，意义也不尽相同，所以应该 用不同的汉语词来翻译。 TEZqAR]G
1．morethan后面接数词，表示“多于…，….以上”的意思。 z( [ $,e\
2．morethan后面接名词或者动词，表示“不只是…”的意思。
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3．morethan后面接形容词、副词或者分词，表示“极其，非常”的意思。 abP?Dj&
4．morethan…can…则表示“难以…，完全不能…”的意思。 }mZ*f y0t
（三）nomore…than…句型 2]f.mq_PD
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1. Science, in practice, depends far less on the experiments it prepares than on the preparedness of themindsof themenwhowatchtheexperiments. K%_JQ0`
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2. Theseproposalssoughttoplacegreaterrestrictionsontheuseandcopyingofdigital informationthan existintraditionalmedia. ~,1X>N"
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第八节：否定结构 1uzf V)
英语中的否定结构是翻译中的一个常见而以比较复杂质问题。由于英汉两种语言在表达 方法上存在很大差异，尤其在表达否定概念上，英语在用词、语法和逻辑等方面与汉语都有 很大不同。有些英语否定句译成汉语后却变成了肯定形式，而另一些肯定句型译成汉语后又 往往变成否定形式。在翻译过程中，这些否定句就象陷阱一样，稍有不慎，就会掉入其中。 因此翻译否定结构时，切不可望文生义，而必须细心揣摩，真正透彻理解其意义，然后根据 汉语的表达习惯进行翻译。只有正确地理解英语中的各种否定句型，才能使译文准确、恰当 地表达出原文的含义。 T8
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1 形式肯定但意义否定 morethan can… anythingbut… C,. {y`s'
may (might)aswell… Yb/^Qk59
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2 形式否定但意义肯定 ^r$5];n
not…until（直到……才），not…too（越……越好），nonebut（只有），nothingbut（只有）， nothingmorethan（仅仅），no sooner…than（刚一……就），hardly…when…（刚一……就）,not only…butalso(不仅……而且)，not…longbefore（很快就），nomorethan（仅仅，只是），no other than（只有，正是） Gl9 a5b
3 否定谓语转换为否定状语 英语原文否定谓语，翻译成汉语时，需要把否定转移到状语上。 Hedoesn’tstudy inthe classroom. 他不在教室里学习。 I
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4 主句的否定转换为从句的否定 英语原文否定主句，而翻译成汉语的时候，需要把否定转移到从句上。这样 结构常常 <
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是not…because….，可以翻译为“并不是因为…才…”。 !{\c`Z<#
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1. Thecontemporaryphenomenonofcarworshipistobeexplainednotleastbythesenseof independence andfreedomthat ownership entails. vkLG<Y
2. Childrenoftodaydonotautomaticallybecomemoresophisticatedbecausetheyhave access tomoreinformationthan children ofthepast. E"!*A SN
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第九节：倒装结构 : =@[FXD4
1. Forexample,theydonotcompensateforgrosssocialinequality,andthisdonottellhow able an underprivileged youngstermighthave been hadhegrown up under morefavorable circumstances. CJ b ~~
2. Acultureinwhichthecitizenssharesimilarreligiousbeliefsandvaluesismorelikelyto havelawsthatrepresentthewishesofitspeoplethanisaculturewherecitizenscome fromdiversebackgrounds. ( d.i np(
第十节：分裂结构 -TWo-iu^
1. Whilewarningsareoftenappropriateandnecessary----thedangersofdruginteractions, for example----and manyare required bystate or federalregulations,itisn’tclear thatthey actuallyprotectthemanufacturers andsellersfromliabilityifacustomer isinjured. C+j+q648>
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2. Odd thoughitsounds,cosmic inflation isascientificallyplausible consequence ofsome respected ideasinelementary-particlephysics,and manyastrophysicists havebeen convinced forthebetter partof adecadethat it istrue. w,7
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