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第一节：非谓语动词 DG}YQr.L
1．In the American economy, the concept of private property embraces not only the ownershipofproductiveresourcesbutalsocertainrights,includingtherighttodeterminethe ysD @yM,
price ofaproductor tomake afree contract with another private individual. Y\lu z`v
2．Arguingfromtheviewthathumansaredifferentfromanimalsineveryrelevantrespect, extremists ofthis kindthinkthatanimalslie outsidetheareaof moralchoice. PI~LbDE
第二节：名词性从句 4mSL*1j
一 主语从句
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1.Thatasmuchas one-fourth ofall timber harvested is notusedprovedto befalse. (lF;c
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2.Itisoneofthe mostunpleasantdiscoverieswhichweallmakethatwemustdeclineinthis way, thatifweescapewars,accidentsanddiseasesweshalleventuallydieofoldage,and that this happens atarate whichdiffers little fromperson toperson, so that there are heavyodds in favor ofourdyingbetweenthe ages ofsixty-five andeighty. G4->7n N
二 宾语从句 }
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1. Somephilosophers arguethat rightsexist onlywithinasocialcontract, aspart ofan exchange ofduties andentitlements. bG=CIa&@
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2. Itwasnecessaryto recognizethattheseinstitutions whicharebased on thesamepremises, letus saythesupernatural,mustbeconsideredtogether,our own amongtherest. gv$ 6\1
三 表语从句 aCzdYv\} &
1. Theironyofthehistorian’scraftisthatitspractitionersalwaysknowthattheireffortsare butcontributionsto an unending process. Q>f^*FyOw<
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2. Galileo’s greatest glory was that in 1609 he was the first person toturn the newly invented telescopeon the heavensto prove thattheplanetsrevolvearound the sunrather than around theearth. Q#P=t83
四 同位语从句 2/S~l;x
1. Influencedbytheviewofsometwentieth-centuryfeministsthatwomen’spositionwithin the family is one of the central factors determining women’s social position, some historianshave underestimated thesignificance ofthewomansuffragemovement. GgkljF@{}
2. Thismodernfaithinmedicines is proved bythefactthatthe annualdrugbilloftheHealth Servicesismountingtoastronomicalfigures andshowsnosigns atpresentofceasing to rise. <Ur(< WTV
第三节：定语从句 |VM c,_D
1. Besides,thisisunlikelytoproducetheneedednumberofeverykindofprofessionalina V3baEy>=z
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country aslarge as ours andwhere theeconomy is spread over somanystates andinvolves somanyinternationalcorporations. h+F@apUS
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2. Silicon Valley is a magnet to which numerous talented engineers, scientists and entrepreneursfromoverseasflockinsearchoffame,fastmoneyandtoparticipateina technologicalrevolutionwhoseimpactonmankindwillsurelysurpasstheepoch-making European Renaissance andIndustrial Revolution ofthebygoneage. OD<0,r0f,
第四节：状语从句 rm2"pfs
1. Thegreaterinterestinexceptionalchildrenshowninpubliceducationoverthepastthree decadesindicates thestrongfeelinginoursocietythatallcitizens, whatevertheir special conditions,deservetheopportunity tofullydeveloptheir capabilities.
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2. Initiallythebraincanfunctionnormallyasitlosesdopaminergicneuronsin thesubstantia nigra, eventhough itcannotreplacethedead cells. BX$t |t;!m
第五节：并列结构 :0>wm@qCQ
1. Childrenwillplaywithdollsequippedwithpersonalitychips,computerswith in-built personalities willberegardedasworkmatesrather thantools,relaxation willbe in frontof smell-television,anddigitalage willhavearrived. Im%| 9g;P
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2. The role of natural selection in evolution was formulated only as little more than a hundredyearsage,andtheselectiveroleoftheenvironmentinshapingandmaintaining thebehavior oftheindividual is onlybeginning to berecognized andstudied. h H:7
第六节：强调结构 pgz3d{]ua
强调结构是指在句子当中，有时为了突出句子的某些成分以加强语气，增强情感色彩或 加强对比，需要改变句子结构，这种结构叫做强调结构 h-h U=I8
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1Do(does/did)+原形动词表强调 此种结构来强调谓语动词，往往只用于一般现在时或一般过去时的肯定句或肯定结构的 Yu=4j9e_mG
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2Itis/was...that(who)结构表强调 ERQ a,h/
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1. Thus, intheAmericaneconomicsystemitis thedemandsofindividualconsumers,coupled with thedesireofbusinessmen tomaximizeprofitsandthedesireofindividualsto maximize their incomes, that together determine what shall be produced and how resources are used toproduce it. uHBX}WH
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2. Itisanimalsandplantswhichlivedinornearwaterwhoseremainsaremostlikelytobe preserved,foroneof thenecessaryconditionsofpreservationis quickburial,and itisonly intheseasandrivers,and sometimes lakes,wheremudandsilthavebeencontinuously deposited,thatbodies andthelike can be rapidlycovered over andpreserved. AC3K*)`E
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第七节：比较结构 uxk& 5RY
英语中，比较结构的句型复杂，表现形式多样。在翻译的时候，需要仔细分析，在准确 理解的基础上，才能进行贴切的表达。所以，从理解与表达的角度来看，比较的形式是次要 的，真正重要的是意义上的比较。只要意义上表示比较，就属于比较句式。常见的比较结构 的意义很容易理解，所以也比较容易翻译，如：I am tallerthan he.（我比他高）。因此，这 里不再叙述基本比较结构的翻译方法，而主要介绍在意义上容易混淆的比较结构的翻译。 q:#,b0|bv
一、as…as…句型 l)D 18
（一）as…as…句型 |s|>46E
as…as…句型是同级比较，表示两者比较程度一样。所以在翻译的时候，通常翻译为“… w
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（二）notas (or so)…as…句型 Q6Q >b4 .3
跟as…as…句型相反的结构notas(orso)…as…表示两者的程度不一样，前者不如后者， 所以，通常翻译为“…不如…”。 ,0
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（三）notsomuch…as…句型 is{I5IR\/
not somuch…as…通常翻译为“与其说…不如说…”。 oTo'? E#
（四）notsomuch as…句型 U6FM`w<
not somuchas…这个结构相当于“noteven…”，所以通常翻译为“甚至不…，甚至没有…”。 请注意与not somuch…as…这个结构的区别。 % Z&[wU~
Hecannot somuchas spella word. 他甚至连一个词也不会写。 ZA>hN3fE'
二、比较级+thantodo…句型 btw_k+ Fh
由比较级与than todosth.结合在一起的句型，通常翻译为“不至于做某事”。 JI ) +
I hada bettercommand ofEnglish than tomakesuch foolish mistakes. gj\r>~S
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三、more…than…句型 /7|u2!#Ui
（一）more Athan B句型 ,!kqE Ip%
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（二）morethan…句型 0@,
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1．morethan后面接数词，表示“多于…，….以上”的意思。 &of
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2．morethan后面接名词或者动词，表示“不只是…”的意思。 m^U\l 9LE
3．morethan后面接形容词、副词或者分词，表示“极其，非常”的意思。 !OPK?7
4．morethan…can…则表示“难以…，完全不能…”的意思。 ho#] ?Z#
（三）nomore…than…句型 Ha$|9li`
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1. Science, in practice, depends far less on the experiments it prepares than on the preparedness of themindsof themenwhowatchtheexperiments.
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2. Theseproposalssoughttoplacegreaterrestrictionsontheuseandcopyingofdigital informationthan existintraditionalmedia. :2 ?dl:l
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第八节：否定结构 qB3
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英语中的否定结构是翻译中的一个常见而以比较复杂质问题。由于英汉两种语言在表达 方法上存在很大差异，尤其在表达否定概念上，英语在用词、语法和逻辑等方面与汉语都有 很大不同。有些英语否定句译成汉语后却变成了肯定形式，而另一些肯定句型译成汉语后又 往往变成否定形式。在翻译过程中，这些否定句就象陷阱一样，稍有不慎，就会掉入其中。 因此翻译否定结构时，切不可望文生义，而必须细心揣摩，真正透彻理解其意义，然后根据 汉语的表达习惯进行翻译。只有正确地理解英语中的各种否定句型，才能使译文准确、恰当 地表达出原文的含义。 n0O- Bxhl
1 形式肯定但意义否定 morethan can… anythingbut… t=iy40_T
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2 形式否定但意义肯定 u` `FD
not…until（直到……才），not…too（越……越好），nonebut（只有），nothingbut（只有）， nothingmorethan（仅仅），no sooner…than（刚一……就），hardly…when…（刚一……就）,not only…butalso(不仅……而且)，not…longbefore（很快就），nomorethan（仅仅，只是），no other than（只有，正是） U|u v SJ)X
3 否定谓语转换为否定状语 英语原文否定谓语，翻译成汉语时，需要把否定转移到状语上。 Hedoesn’tstudy inthe classroom. 他不在教室里学习。 ~7 C` a$
4 主句的否定转换为从句的否定 英语原文否定主句，而翻译成汉语的时候，需要把否定转移到从句上。这样 结构常常 !(w\%$|
是not…because….，可以翻译为“并不是因为…才…”。 6Ei>VcN4a
She did notcomebecauseshe wanted to seeme. 53=s'DZ
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1. Thecontemporaryphenomenonofcarworshipistobeexplainednotleastbythesenseof independence andfreedomthat ownership entails. P[8`]=
2. Childrenoftodaydonotautomaticallybecomemoresophisticatedbecausetheyhave access tomoreinformationthan children ofthepast. #J, `a.
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第九节：倒装结构 }Wn6r_:
1. Forexample,theydonotcompensateforgrosssocialinequality,andthisdonottellhow able an underprivileged youngstermighthave been hadhegrown up under morefavorable circumstances. 9$)TAI&P
2. Acultureinwhichthecitizenssharesimilarreligiousbeliefsandvaluesismorelikelyto havelawsthatrepresentthewishesofitspeoplethanisaculturewherecitizenscome fromdiversebackgrounds. K
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第十节：分裂结构 d;
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1. Whilewarningsareoftenappropriateandnecessary----thedangersofdruginteractions, for example----and manyare required bystate or federalregulations,itisn’tclear thatthey actuallyprotectthemanufacturers andsellersfromliabilityifacustomer isinjured. hoO8s#0ED
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2. Odd thoughitsounds,cosmic inflation isascientificallyplausible consequence ofsome respected ideasinelementary-particlephysics,and manyastrophysicists havebeen convinced forthebetter partof adecadethat it istrue. PE]jYyyHtU
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