医学博士英语写作总结 PJ
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一、原则与要求：不直译原文，抓主要论点，果断舍弃次要内容，突出新点，论点清晰,主要写中长句子！！2－5个长句！不写或少写短句！！一般真题范例在10－15句左右。 @p `#y
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二、现场写作技巧 U 2\{ ( y
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①划线，划出实质性，实词性句子。②翻译标题，有标题就译，没有标题不能加。③末尾重复标题，首尾呼应。 <'B` b
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精简医学考博写作常用核心词汇 M(/%w"R
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1.下降、减少 reduction，decrease，decline，diminution, drop，descend，go / come down，fall；上升、增加rise; go up; ascend；increase; T]E$H, p
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2.禽流感 H1N1 flu bird flu/avian flu;食品安全 food safety; N
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3.公共卫生突发事件public health emergencies; 应急反应 immediate response to; I98wMV8
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4.关注民生 concern(focus on, pay attention to) people’s livelihood/well-being; qLPI^g,
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5.城乡卫生体系urban-rural medical and health system {O!fV<Vx 9
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6.预防保健Disease Prevention and Health care，服务体系service system； $x`U)pv
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7.讲究卫生pay attention to hygiene；个人和环境卫生personal and environmental hygiene qnT:x{o
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8.lite清淡的；protein-complemented diet蛋白添加饮食； EcP"GO5
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9.preventive initiatives=preventive measures预防的措施 J)o~FC]b*
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10.人畜共患病zoonosis＝anthropozoonosis.人兽共患病， 1L^\TC
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11.虫媒insect pollination；虫媒传染病insect-borne /arthropod-borne infectious disease： eaCEZHr$
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12.肾病综合征：nephrotic/renal syndrome； *UEo&B2+
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13.epidemic hemorrhagic fever 流行性出血热； bC" #.e
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14.爆发流行：break out, explode; an epidemic outbreak of,explosion [?]s((A~B
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15.传染：infect/infection/infectious,communicate/communicable, contagion/ contagious, transmission/transmittable； <!4'?K -N
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communicable可传达的, 会传染的, 爱说话的[医] 有传染性的; @u$4{sjgf\
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communicative a. 健谈的, 爱说话的, 交际的 i wK,XnIR
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16.传播途径route of transmission, bird flu transmits by air/wind；person to person transmission }J"}poB:
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17.传播,散布：diffuse，prevalence，spread，transmit，disseminate，propagate/ propagation ~e E2!/%9
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18.污染pollution/ pollute，contamination/contaminate :/d#U:I
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19.福祉 well-being, happiness； ocGqX Dg3
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20.衰老grow old；aging；consenescence；senility；senile ')+'m1 N
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21.from bad to worse每况愈下；akin to=similar to 相似的；Purulent脓的,化脓的 l]^uVOX
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22.脂肪肝fatty liver; 血压 hypertension d1vC-n
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23.肠癌Cancer of Rectum and Colon；亚健康 sub-health bK<'J=#1
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24.过劳死 karoshi; death from overwork (
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25.长期以来 for a long time ; over the years 4D0=3Vy
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26.养生preserve one's health; nourishing of life; keep in good health BRi\&&<4
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27.分类 be divided into＝fall into three categories＝be grouped according to their origin, into three classes.＝be categorized according to/be roughly classified into three kinds. PJ5~,4H-4
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28.基本职责=basic/ fundamental/essential/elementary duties/responsibilities/obligations； AqM}@2#%%
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基本原则fundamental principle/ rule,basic rule or principle; 4! ]28[2B6
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29.morals,morality,ethics均含“道德”之意。morals多用于实践方面，指按习惯或社会公认的道德标准，尤指男女之间关系的道德。morality指符合道德标准的行为，或用道德标准衡量某事，既指社会的又指个人的道德。ethics多用于伦理方面，指符合于伦理学中所指的好的行为，常指公平正真地对人对事的品德。 uQk}
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30.民众the (general) public，the masses of the people，the common people；合作者co-worker; collaborator; copartner; coagent; }TfZ7~o[
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31.死亡人数death toll，deaths，the number of people killed in/dying from \JjZ _R
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How much is the death toll? 死亡人数是多少？ N(ov.l;
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32.归结为 boil down to；come down to； ArK%?*`5
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归因为/归功于 be attributable to、be attributed to、ascribe or attribute… to、owe…to; nLvF^%P8
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归咎于lay or put the blame on sb、blame…on、ascribe or attribute… to、impute… to。 z:gp
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33.大规模on a large scale，extensive，large-scale，massive；大规模流行 large-scale transmission，become a pandemic，massive attack/outbreak =5l20
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34.表面上on the surface, apparently, ostensibly, superficial, seemingly; ]0d j##5tJ
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因果关系 cause-and-effect relationship, causal relationship/relations; Vf*Z }'
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孤立现象an isolated phenomenon； _-+x zdGvX
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复杂的complicated，complex，sophisticated，intricate； K HO@"+
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极端复杂性extreme/ exceeding complexity/complicacy。 tEam6xNf,
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35.低保basic living allowances/subsistence allowances； ^Ay>%`hf*
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养老保险 endowment insurance； ou\ M}C`E
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退休养老金retirement pension； ~W..P:wG5
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Health Care Reform医疗改革 MBn ZO
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36.激烈运动strenuous exercise；vigorous activity； -]. a0
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37.月经期menstrual period 93VbB[w~7F
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38.生活的节奏the tempo/the pace of life; a life of quick /fast pace s1>d)2lX
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39.婴幼儿保健the infant health care <~teD[1k"
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40.安乐死euthanasia； 2|A?9aE%0
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41.得绝症的terminally ill； 7e:eL5f >~
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42.临终关怀=Hospice Care=end-of-life care HChlkj'7w0
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濒临死亡的病人：dying patients，terminally ill patients，incurable patient {BY( zsl
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43.Secondhand Smoking ，also called “involuntary smoking” or “passive smoking”. wx8Qz, Z
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