长难句 +qM2&M
第一节：非谓语动词 LOe l6Ui
1．In the American economy, the concept of private property embraces not only the ownershipofproductiveresourcesbutalsocertainrights,includingtherighttodeterminethe C9nCSbGMY{
price ofaproductor tomake afree contract with another private individual. ME'LZ"VT
2．Arguingfromtheviewthathumansaredifferentfromanimalsineveryrelevantrespect, extremists ofthis kindthinkthatanimalslie outsidetheareaof moralchoice. li%A?_/m<&
第二节：名词性从句 #8a k=lL
一 主语从句 OBnvY2)Ri
1.Thatasmuchas one-fourth ofall timber harvested is notusedprovedto befalse. \-{ 2E
L?b;TjLe
2.Itisoneofthe mostunpleasantdiscoverieswhichweallmakethatwemustdeclineinthis way, thatifweescapewars,accidentsanddiseasesweshalleventuallydieofoldage,and that this happens atarate whichdiffers little fromperson toperson, so that there are heavyodds in favor ofourdyingbetweenthe ages ofsixty-five andeighty. F tybF
二 宾语从句 RtF!(gd
1. Somephilosophers arguethat rightsexist onlywithinasocialcontract, aspart ofan exchange ofduties andentitlements. } v3w-
9mB] \{^
2. Itwasnecessaryto recognizethattheseinstitutions whicharebased on thesamepremises, letus saythesupernatural,mustbeconsideredtogether,our own amongtherest. v=x)]<E" _
三 表语从句 zl
)r3#6hW
1. Theironyofthehistorian’scraftisthatitspractitionersalwaysknowthattheireffortsare butcontributionsto an unending process. $qM&iI-l0
7O' u5 N
2. Galileo’s greatest glory was that in 1609 he was the first person toturn the newly invented telescopeon the heavensto prove thattheplanetsrevolvearound the sunrather than around theearth. /Ca
M(^W
四 同位语从句 /=:F w}vt
1. Influencedbytheviewofsometwentieth-centuryfeministsthatwomen’spositionwithin the family is one of the central factors determining women’s social position, some historianshave underestimated thesignificance ofthewomansuffragemovement. ^AR kjYt
2. Thismodernfaithinmedicines is proved bythefactthatthe annualdrugbilloftheHealth Servicesismountingtoastronomicalfigures andshowsnosigns atpresentofceasing to rise. ]N6UY
第三节：定语从句 P
B{7u
1. Besides,thisisunlikelytoproducetheneedednumberofeverykindofprofessionalina *!`bC@E
Ba9"IXKH
sJm v{wM
country aslarge as ours andwhere theeconomy is spread over somanystates andinvolves somanyinternationalcorporations. *):s**BJ$
MO
*7:hI
2. Silicon Valley is a magnet to which numerous talented engineers, scientists and entrepreneursfromoverseasflockinsearchoffame,fastmoneyandtoparticipateina technologicalrevolutionwhoseimpactonmankindwillsurelysurpasstheepoch-making European Renaissance andIndustrial Revolution ofthebygoneage. UW-`
k1
第四节：状语从句 6\6g-1B`
1. Thegreaterinterestinexceptionalchildrenshowninpubliceducationoverthepastthree decadesindicates thestrongfeelinginoursocietythatallcitizens, whatevertheir special conditions,deservetheopportunity tofullydeveloptheir capabilities.
#QiNSS
WWv.kglz
2. Initiallythebraincanfunctionnormallyasitlosesdopaminergicneuronsin thesubstantia nigra, eventhough itcannotreplacethedead cells. /1?{,Das=
第五节：并列结构 xhncQhf\
1. Childrenwillplaywithdollsequippedwithpersonalitychips,computerswith in-built personalities willberegardedasworkmatesrather thantools,relaxation willbe in frontof smell-television,anddigitalage willhavearrived. OQ4rJ#b
0|]qW cD
2. The role of natural selection in evolution was formulated only as little more than a hundredyearsage,andtheselectiveroleoftheenvironmentinshapingandmaintaining thebehavior oftheindividual is onlybeginning to berecognized andstudied. %Tz dpQp"
第六节：强调结构 @mEB=X(-l=
强调结构是指在句子当中，有时为了突出句子的某些成分以加强语气，增强情感色彩或 加强对比，需要改变句子结构，这种结构叫做强调结构 j]6YLM@5$
&}VVr
1Do(does/did)+原形动词表强调 此种结构来强调谓语动词，往往只用于一般现在时或一般过去时的肯定句或肯定结构的 ab*O7v
祈使句，不适用于"be"动词 .wkW<F7
2Itis/was...that(who)结构表强调 vJ uL+'[i
3 强调部分提前 2 .& %mSN
hu:x,;`9H
1. Thus, intheAmericaneconomicsystemitis thedemandsofindividualconsumers,coupled with thedesireofbusinessmen tomaximizeprofitsandthedesireofindividualsto maximize their incomes, that together determine what shall be produced and how resources are used toproduce it. O,0j
+1?
cd)}a_9
2. Itisanimalsandplantswhichlivedinornearwaterwhoseremainsaremostlikelytobe preserved,foroneof thenecessaryconditionsofpreservationis quickburial,and itisonly intheseasandrivers,and sometimes lakes,wheremudandsilthavebeencontinuously deposited,thatbodies andthelike can be rapidlycovered over andpreserved. sDyt 3x
N
! $fF3^8-
1#nY Z %
第七节：比较结构
Ol*|J
英语中，比较结构的句型复杂，表现形式多样。在翻译的时候，需要仔细分析，在准确 理解的基础上，才能进行贴切的表达。所以，从理解与表达的角度来看，比较的形式是次要 的，真正重要的是意义上的比较。只要意义上表示比较，就属于比较句式。常见的比较结构 的意义很容易理解，所以也比较容易翻译，如：I am tallerthan he.（我比他高）。因此，这 里不再叙述基本比较结构的翻译方法，而主要介绍在意义上容易混淆的比较结构的翻译。 `5Em : 8 M
一、as…as…句型 d>x(Bj6
（一）as…as…句型 6o]>lQ}
as…as…句型是同级比较，表示两者比较程度一样。所以在翻译的时候，通常翻译为“… [.>g.p,;
和….一样”。 zO3}c3D~q
（二）notas (or so)…as…句型 42wZy|oqp
跟as…as…句型相反的结构notas(orso)…as…表示两者的程度不一样，前者不如后者， 所以，通常翻译为“…不如…”。 %DhLU~VX
（三）notsomuch…as…句型 y(jd$GM|
not somuch…as…通常翻译为“与其说…不如说…”。 p.!p6ve){
（四）notsomuch as…句型 9f $3{ g{m
not somuchas…这个结构相当于“noteven…”，所以通常翻译为“甚至不…，甚至没有…”。 请注意与not somuch…as…这个结构的区别。 xd]7?L@h.I
Hecannot somuchas spella word. 他甚至连一个词也不会写。 7OLchf
二、比较级+thantodo…句型 ':|?M B
由比较级与than todosth.结合在一起的句型，通常翻译为“不至于做某事”。 2yndna-
I hada bettercommand ofEnglish than tomakesuch foolish mistakes. G/V0Yn""
我的英语学得很好，不至于犯这样愚蠢的错误。 YG>6;g)Zm
-d6PXf5
三、more…than…句型 G3de<?K.[V
（一）more Athan B句型 +<f !#4T
A比B多 QykHB
k
是A而不是B 与其说B不如说A less Athan B句型 A比B少 Is }?:ET
是B而不是A @gihIys f
与其说A不如说B "oT]_WHqo
（二）morethan…句型 PF: E{ _~
在英语中，如果more than…句型后面所跟的词性不相同，意义也不尽相同，所以应该 用不同的汉语词来翻译。 'jBtBFzP-
1．morethan后面接数词，表示“多于…，….以上”的意思。 =B
ts
2．morethan后面接名词或者动词，表示“不只是…”的意思。 GlaZZ,
3．morethan后面接形容词、副词或者分词，表示“极其，非常”的意思。 (eO_]<wmky
4．morethan…can…则表示“难以…，完全不能…”的意思。 Owm 2/
（三）nomore…than…句型 jx8hh}C
1. nomore Athan B r%^XOw<'
notAanymorethan B +( vL ~
B \>W
`-<m#HF:)d
A不是B也不是
3vF-SgCV
2.noless Athan B A是B也是 S{ qn^\0
)LE#SGJP
1. Science, in practice, depends far less on the experiments it prepares than on the preparedness of themindsof themenwhowatchtheexperiments. @wW)#
!Mou
tq5o
2. Theseproposalssoughttoplacegreaterrestrictionsontheuseandcopyingofdigital informationthan existintraditionalmedia. xwu,<M
v `
` /eh
第八节：否定结构 (J eRJ4
英语中的否定结构是翻译中的一个常见而以比较复杂质问题。由于英汉两种语言在表达 方法上存在很大差异，尤其在表达否定概念上，英语在用词、语法和逻辑等方面与汉语都有 很大不同。有些英语否定句译成汉语后却变成了肯定形式，而另一些肯定句型译成汉语后又 往往变成否定形式。在翻译过程中，这些否定句就象陷阱一样，稍有不慎，就会掉入其中。 因此翻译否定结构时，切不可望文生义，而必须细心揣摩，真正透彻理解其意义，然后根据 汉语的表达习惯进行翻译。只有正确地理解英语中的各种否定句型，才能使译文准确、恰当 地表达出原文的含义。 K@;
ls
1 形式肯定但意义否定 morethan can… anythingbut… o1 @.
<Q+}
may (might)aswell… vX"jL
too…todo too…forn 1A/l
i%
2 形式否定但意义肯定
B,RHFlp{
not…until（直到……才），not…too（越……越好），nonebut（只有），nothingbut（只有）， nothingmorethan（仅仅），no sooner…than（刚一……就），hardly…when…（刚一……就）,not only…butalso(不仅……而且)，not…longbefore（很快就），nomorethan（仅仅，只是），no other than（只有，正是） (1?k _!)T
3 否定谓语转换为否定状语 英语原文否定谓语，翻译成汉语时，需要把否定转移到状语上。 Hedoesn’tstudy inthe classroom. 他不在教室里学习。 HZzdelo
4 主句的否定转换为从句的否定 英语原文否定主句，而翻译成汉语的时候，需要把否定转移到从句上。这样 结构常常 PVUNi: h
是not…because….，可以翻译为“并不是因为…才…”。 8r gN G7d
She did notcomebecauseshe wanted to seeme. b. oA}XP
O,!4
W\s
1. Thecontemporaryphenomenonofcarworshipistobeexplainednotleastbythesenseof independence andfreedomthat ownership entails. ^tFgkzXm
2. Childrenoftodaydonotautomaticallybecomemoresophisticatedbecausetheyhave access tomoreinformationthan children ofthepast. ? 3Dsz
6d|%8.q 1
.%N*g[ J
第九节：倒装结构 jYJfo<
1. Forexample,theydonotcompensateforgrosssocialinequality,andthisdonottellhow able an underprivileged youngstermighthave been hadhegrown up under morefavorable circumstances. [P"R+$"
2. Acultureinwhichthecitizenssharesimilarreligiousbeliefsandvaluesismorelikelyto havelawsthatrepresentthewishesofitspeoplethanisaculturewherecitizenscome fromdiversebackgrounds. k84 JDPu#
第十节：分裂结构 9{V54ue;
1. Whilewarningsareoftenappropriateandnecessary----thedangersofdruginteractions, for example----and manyare required bystate or federalregulations,itisn’tclear thatthey actuallyprotectthemanufacturers andsellersfromliabilityifacustomer isinjured. Km lpB
B~2\v%J
2. Odd thoughitsounds,cosmic inflation isascientificallyplausible consequence ofsome respected ideasinelementary-particlephysics,and manyastrophysicists havebeen convinced forthebetter partof adecadethat it istrue. I@9k+JB
[sH[bmLR
