2008中科院英语翻译全文 1vy* u
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One of the most difficult situations that a researcher W7sx/O9
can encounter is to see or suspect that a colleague has 7H,p/G?]k
violated the ethical standards of the research ^Z6N&s#6
community. It is easy to find excuses to do nothing, but \[!k`6#t7
someone who has witnessed misconduct has an unmistakable r )pg9}+
obligation to act. At the most immediate level, XBTtfl
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misconduct can seriously obstruct or damage one's own P
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research or the research of colleagues. More broadly, 2O*(F> >dT
even a single case of misconduct can malign scientists v ? 9
and their institutions, result in the imposition of UNc[h&@_
counterproductive regulations, and shake public f0< ' IgN
confidence in the integrity of science. zG[GyyAQ
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To be sure, raising a concern about unethical conduct is I_h8)W
rarely an easy thing to do. In some cases, anonymity is Zy <gA >
possible-but not always. Reprisals by the accused person IM^K]$q$47
and by skeptical colleagues have occurred in the past 1TuN
and have had serious consequences. Any allegation of : X66[V&eH
misconduct is a very important charge that needs to be Z^fk v
taken seriously. If mishandled, an allegation can [ q<Vm-
gravely damage the person charged, the one who makes the }u C C~ <^
charge, the institutions involved, and science in o'`:$
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general. 8}Qmhm`_j=
Someone who is confronting a problem involving research V>Zw" #Q
ethics usually has more options than are immediately ~S$\ PG4
apparent. In most cases the best thing to do is to iaq+#k@ V
discuss the situation with a trusted friend or advisor. _xyq25/
In universities, faculty advisors, department chairs, Jxq;Uu9
and other senior faculty can be invaluable sources of 1&wI*4
advice in deciding whether to go forward with a .o&Vu,/H
complaint. d=6FL" .o
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An important consideration is deciding when to put a +TWk}#G
complaint in writing. Once in writing, universities are +i
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obligated to deal with a complaint in a more formal (P M!{u=
manner than if it is made verbally. Putting a complaint t r<iFT}C
in writing can have serious consequences for the career qkg`4'rLg
of a scientist and should be undertaken only after \ QZ~w_
thorough consideration. : }q~<
The National Science Foundation and Public Health %#zqZ|q
Service require all research institutions that receive 6^ 'BhHP
public funds to have procedures in place to deal with 9?IvSv}z
allegations of unethical practice. These procedures take
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into account fairness for the accused, protection for mHY R?
the accuser, coordination with funding agencies, and m! 3e>cI
requirements for confidentiality and disclosure. (sfy14>\
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In addition, many universities and other research {?zBc E:
institutions have designated an ombudsman, ethics !
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officer, or other official who is available to discuss bRhc8#kw)
situations involving research ethics. Such discussions G%RL 8HU
are carried out in strictest confidence whenever &Se!AcvKF
possible. Some institutions provide for multiple entry
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points, so that complainants can go to a person with JJ+A+sfdk
whom they feel comfortable. 7SyysH<H
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1、广义地说，即使是一个不轨行为，也能中伤科学家和他们的单位，导致不利于科研出成果的法规的实行，并动摇公众对科学诚实性的信心。 `/4 R$E{
2、如果处理不当，一个举报能严重伤害被控告者、指控者、有关单位、乃至整个科学。 :Nt_LsH
3、在大多数情况下，最好的方法是与一个值得信任的朋友或导师讨论此事。在大学里，指导老师、系主任和其他高级教师，在决定是否提出投诉时，能提供宝贵的意见 L
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4、书面投诉对科学家的职业生涯会产生严重后果，只有完全考虑清楚后才能进行。 e0nr dM[i
5、这些措施涉及公平对待被告、保护投诉人、与基金管理机构协调、并根据要求保密及公开。
