2008中科院英语翻译全文 f] _ 'icP
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One of the most difficult situations that a researcher N=\weuED
can encounter is to see or suspect that a colleague has >g m
violated the ethical standards of the research ac\( [F-
community. It is easy to find excuses to do nothing, but 5YneoM]Q
someone who has witnessed misconduct has an unmistakable u HW'F(;
obligation to act. At the most immediate level, i\O^s ]
misconduct can seriously obstruct or damage one's own S@
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research or the research of colleagues. More broadly, ]T
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even a single case of misconduct can malign scientists I]DD 5l}\
and their institutions, result in the imposition of YRo,wsj
counterproductive regulations, and shake public R8_I ASs
confidence in the integrity of science. gq"d$Xh$x7
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To be sure, raising a concern about unethical conduct is 9?8PMh.
rarely an easy thing to do. In some cases, anonymity is =#v? }JG
possible-but not always. Reprisals by the accused person 7Y R |6{@
and by skeptical colleagues have occurred in the past B]@25
and have had serious consequences. Any allegation of ]8}51 y8
misconduct is a very important charge that needs to be
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taken seriously. If mishandled, an allegation can D}q"^"#T
gravely damage the person charged, the one who makes the ICvV}%d
charge, the institutions involved, and science in __2<v?\
general. t* =[ RS*
Someone who is confronting a problem involving research >WIc" y.
ethics usually has more options than are immediately l6y}>]
apparent. In most cases the best thing to do is to 3f] ;y<Km
discuss the situation with a trusted friend or advisor. iN[x
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In universities, faculty advisors, department chairs, d<6F'F^w.7
and other senior faculty can be invaluable sources of }) H d]a
advice in deciding whether to go forward with a I70c,4_G
complaint. yQE'
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An important consideration is deciding when to put a _cX}!d!j
complaint in writing. Once in writing, universities are kFv*>>X`
obligated to deal with a complaint in a more formal Ff dB%
manner than if it is made verbally. Putting a complaint c3^!S0U
in writing can have serious consequences for the career ^_;'9YD
of a scientist and should be undertaken only after *Jd
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thorough consideration. x]{P.7IO'
The National Science Foundation and Public Health U.e!:f4{
Service require all research institutions that receive ,/\`Rc^n
public funds to have procedures in place to deal with q Gk.7wf%
allegations of unethical practice. These procedures take 0D(8- H
into account fairness for the accused, protection for |_;kQ(,
the accuser, coordination with funding agencies, and J, =K1>8s
requirements for confidentiality and disclosure. . g#}2
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In addition, many universities and other research 2(eO5.FYF
institutions have designated an ombudsman, ethics QVT0.GzR
officer, or other official who is available to discuss y\FQt]; z)
situations involving research ethics. Such discussions T|~5dZL
are carried out in strictest confidence whenever La ?A@SD
possible. Some institutions provide for multiple entry V IzIl\<aM
points, so that complainants can go to a person with XJ7B?Z g
whom they feel comfortable. jJ 2rfdfj
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1、广义地说，即使是一个不轨行为，也能中伤科学家和他们的单位，导致不利于科研出成果的法规的实行，并动摇公众对科学诚实性的信心。 a j?ZVa6
2、如果处理不当，一个举报能严重伤害被控告者、指控者、有关单位、乃至整个科学。 C6>_ wl]
3、在大多数情况下，最好的方法是与一个值得信任的朋友或导师讨论此事。在大学里，指导老师、系主任和其他高级教师，在决定是否提出投诉时，能提供宝贵的意见 ( #dR\Di
4、书面投诉对科学家的职业生涯会产生严重后果，只有完全考虑清楚后才能进行。 6nA9r5Ghv
5、这些措施涉及公平对待被告、保护投诉人、与基金管理机构协调、并根据要求保密及公开。
