2008中科院英语翻译全文 8/"fWm/
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One of the most difficult situations that a researcher eVl'\aUd
can encounter is to see or suspect that a colleague has ( 7DXRcr<
violated the ethical standards of the research zT ZVehEe
community. It is easy to find excuses to do nothing, but 1J Ennqu
someone who has witnessed misconduct has an unmistakable Ux2U*a ;
obligation to act. At the most immediate level, m~'? /!!
misconduct can seriously obstruct or damage one's own Y[SU&LM
research or the research of colleagues. More broadly, Xq4|uuS- O
even a single case of misconduct can malign scientists syzdd
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and their institutions, result in the imposition of 8by@iQ
counterproductive regulations, and shake public T% R:NQf
confidence in the integrity of science. 5yVkb*8HS
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To be sure, raising a concern about unethical conduct is BN,>&1I
rarely an easy thing to do. In some cases, anonymity is QjPj[c
possible-but not always. Reprisals by the accused person \b*X:3g*
and by skeptical colleagues have occurred in the past =I
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and have had serious consequences. Any allegation of *U l*%!
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misconduct is a very important charge that needs to be [/R M=4Nh5
taken seriously. If mishandled, an allegation can q*)+ K9LRk
gravely damage the person charged, the one who makes the ,L OQD Iyn
charge, the institutions involved, and science in Ejq#~
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general. Pgp {$ID
Someone who is confronting a problem involving research /( 6|{B
ethics usually has more options than are immediately r gcWRt
apparent. In most cases the best thing to do is to insY(.N
discuss the situation with a trusted friend or advisor. AAUyy
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In universities, faculty advisors, department chairs, $WW)bP
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and other senior faculty can be invaluable sources of k 6\^p;!Y
advice in deciding whether to go forward with a SJg Y
complaint. 8n? kZY$,
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An important consideration is deciding when to put a IJU0[EA]F
complaint in writing. Once in writing, universities are 'q%%m/,VPQ
obligated to deal with a complaint in a more formal mE#nU(+Ta
manner than if it is made verbally. Putting a complaint >ad V(V<
in writing can have serious consequences for the career {b!7
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of a scientist and should be undertaken only after ZYtiMBJ
thorough consideration. t0m*PJc F
The National Science Foundation and Public Health t"s5\;IJ
Service require all research institutions that receive 8}B B OD
public funds to have procedures in place to deal with eK`PxoTI-I
allegations of unethical practice. These procedures take 2RppP?M!
into account fairness for the accused, protection for ^ i_Iqph=
the accuser, coordination with funding agencies, and 0-2"Fd eQU
requirements for confidentiality and disclosure. <`g3(?
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In addition, many universities and other research C9KWa*3
institutions have designated an ombudsman, ethics (a{ZJI8_
officer, or other official who is available to discuss 0\a8}b||
situations involving research ethics. Such discussions M$&>5n7
are carried out in strictest confidence whenever ,{<p
possible. Some institutions provide for multiple entry OV5e#AOy)
points, so that complainants can go to a person with T{S4|G1R6
whom they feel comfortable. m )f|:MM
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1、广义地说，即使是一个不轨行为，也能中伤科学家和他们的单位，导致不利于科研出成果的法规的实行，并动摇公众对科学诚实性的信心。 |Cf
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2、如果处理不当，一个举报能严重伤害被控告者、指控者、有关单位、乃至整个科学。 A4_>LO_qL
3、在大多数情况下，最好的方法是与一个值得信任的朋友或导师讨论此事。在大学里，指导老师、系主任和其他高级教师，在决定是否提出投诉时，能提供宝贵的意见 5N1 K~".
4、书面投诉对科学家的职业生涯会产生严重后果，只有完全考虑清楚后才能进行。 &=-PRza%j
5、这些措施涉及公平对待被告、保护投诉人、与基金管理机构协调、并根据要求保密及公开。
