2008中科院英语翻译全文 O=HT3gp&
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One of the most difficult situations that a researcher !Ol>! [
can encounter is to see or suspect that a colleague has O~r.sJ}
violated the ethical standards of the research w2!5Cb2
community. It is easy to find excuses to do nothing, but Cyw
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someone who has witnessed misconduct has an unmistakable Zz\e:/
obligation to act. At the most immediate level, Tn~b#-0
misconduct can seriously obstruct or damage one's own _pX y}D
research or the research of colleagues. More broadly, Hw1<! Dyv
even a single case of misconduct can malign scientists qc*z`Wz:
and their institutions, result in the imposition of 2Mc}>UI?eO
counterproductive regulations, and shake public \X=?+|
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confidence in the integrity of science. #1:&uC1vj
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To be sure, raising a concern about unethical conduct is M>CW(X
rarely an easy thing to do. In some cases, anonymity is Z /-!-
possible-but not always. Reprisals by the accused person 7/ "g}
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and by skeptical colleagues have occurred in the past 'V reO52
and have had serious consequences. Any allegation of <z3:*=!
misconduct is a very important charge that needs to be A9_)}
taken seriously. If mishandled, an allegation can s
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gravely damage the person charged, the one who makes the Z:l.{
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charge, the institutions involved, and science in By| y:
general. o(,u"c/Or
Someone who is confronting a problem involving research "y_A xOH
ethics usually has more options than are immediately k%iZ ..
apparent. In most cases the best thing to do is to 9/ rX%
discuss the situation with a trusted friend or advisor. ;?/v}$P a
In universities, faculty advisors, department chairs, =='~ g~
and other senior faculty can be invaluable sources of Z
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advice in deciding whether to go forward with a k<xiP@b{y
complaint. \;w+_<zE5{
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An important consideration is deciding when to put a k T$yHB #
complaint in writing. Once in writing, universities are 4}:a"1P"
obligated to deal with a complaint in a more formal _y Q*
manner than if it is made verbally. Putting a complaint p?OwcMT]M
in writing can have serious consequences for the career gf `uC0
of a scientist and should be undertaken only after S0V%JY;Gv
thorough consideration. rs$sAa*f
The National Science Foundation and Public Health M6E.!Cs
Service require all research institutions that receive [TiOh'
public funds to have procedures in place to deal with F&}>2QiL
allegations of unethical practice. These procedures take #t
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into account fairness for the accused, protection for 9Ny{2m=Ye
the accuser, coordination with funding agencies, and $ QQv$
requirements for confidentiality and disclosure. "j5b$T0P>
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In addition, many universities and other research |
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institutions have designated an ombudsman, ethics "R-1 G/
officer, or other official who is available to discuss 8 UArl3
situations involving research ethics. Such discussions t.m65
are carried out in strictest confidence whenever >&h#t7<
possible. Some institutions provide for multiple entry 1<_i7.{ k
points, so that complainants can go to a person with tp2CMJc{L
whom they feel comfortable. V.Pb AN
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1、广义地说，即使是一个不轨行为，也能中伤科学家和他们的单位，导致不利于科研出成果的法规的实行，并动摇公众对科学诚实性的信心。 wXf_ 2qB9
2、如果处理不当，一个举报能严重伤害被控告者、指控者、有关单位、乃至整个科学。 p(UU H3%W
3、在大多数情况下，最好的方法是与一个值得信任的朋友或导师讨论此事。在大学里，指导老师、系主任和其他高级教师，在决定是否提出投诉时，能提供宝贵的意见 6
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4、书面投诉对科学家的职业生涯会产生严重后果，只有完全考虑清楚后才能进行。 k W Yjqv
5、这些措施涉及公平对待被告、保护投诉人、与基金管理机构协调、并根据要求保密及公开。
