2008中科院英语翻译全文 n#lbfN 4
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One of the most difficult situations that a researcher C !j3@EZ$
can encounter is to see or suspect that a colleague has um.ZAS_kmc
violated the ethical standards of the research E^1yU
community. It is easy to find excuses to do nothing, but [';o -c"!
someone who has witnessed misconduct has an unmistakable %Mda<3P
obligation to act. At the most immediate level, jeu'K vhe
misconduct can seriously obstruct or damage one's own FDMQ Lx f
research or the research of colleagues. More broadly, 0D(8- H
even a single case of misconduct can malign scientists qyz% 9 9
and their institutions, result in the imposition of >Xn,jMUW
counterproductive regulations, and shake public q +?&w'8
confidence in the integrity of science. /Q1 b%C
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To be sure, raising a concern about unethical conduct is OrkcY39"~a
rarely an easy thing to do. In some cases, anonymity is gP% <<yl
possible-but not always. Reprisals by the accused person Tn7Mt7 h
and by skeptical colleagues have occurred in the past QVT0.GzR
and have had serious consequences. Any allegation of 2{ F-@}=
misconduct is a very important charge that needs to be LJeq{Z
taken seriously. If mishandled, an allegation can T|~5dZL
gravely damage the person charged, the one who makes the /TMV Pnvz.
charge, the institutions involved, and science in q[U pP`Z%
general. )G2Bx+Z;L
Someone who is confronting a problem involving research 8-;.Ejz!\A
ethics usually has more options than are immediately mI&3y9; (
apparent. In most cases the best thing to do is to QbJ7$ , 4
discuss the situation with a trusted friend or advisor. If&))$7u
In universities, faculty advisors, department chairs, H:G``Vq;0m
and other senior faculty can be invaluable sources of (%^C}`|EA
advice in deciding whether to go forward with a o zOc6
complaint. AF:_&gF
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An important consideration is deciding when to put a q,[;AHb
complaint in writing. Once in writing, universities are jZ~girA
obligated to deal with a complaint in a more formal M c?_2<u-
manner than if it is made verbally. Putting a complaint Ku'a,\7z
in writing can have serious consequences for the career }0&Fu?sP
of a scientist and should be undertaken only after tar/n o
thorough consideration. ;1~ n
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The National Science Foundation and Public Health <SE-:T]sBz
Service require all research institutions that receive @.L#u#
public funds to have procedures in place to deal with |21V OPBS
allegations of unethical practice. These procedures take Q%6zr9
into account fairness for the accused, protection for W(62.3d~}?
the accuser, coordination with funding agencies, and 3ko
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requirements for confidentiality and disclosure. 3X Y"s"
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In addition, many universities and other research c6b51)sQ"
institutions have designated an ombudsman, ethics
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officer, or other official who is available to discuss +_X*one
situations involving research ethics. Such discussions /\e_B6 pF<
are carried out in strictest confidence whenever odL* _<Z
possible. Some institutions provide for multiple entry =Fe4-B?I
points, so that complainants can go to a person with ?*
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whom they feel comfortable. wKJ|
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+6:
1、广义地说，即使是一个不轨行为，也能中伤科学家和他们的单位，导致不利于科研出成果的法规的实行，并动摇公众对科学诚实性的信心。 E
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2、如果处理不当，一个举报能严重伤害被控告者、指控者、有关单位、乃至整个科学。 sw9r i}oc
3、在大多数情况下，最好的方法是与一个值得信任的朋友或导师讨论此事。在大学里，指导老师、系主任和其他高级教师，在决定是否提出投诉时，能提供宝贵的意见 \hBzQ%0
4、书面投诉对科学家的职业生涯会产生严重后果，只有完全考虑清楚后才能进行。 jcC"vr'u|
5、这些措施涉及公平对待被告、保护投诉人、与基金管理机构协调、并根据要求保密及公开。
