2008中科院英语翻译全文 bK_0NrXP
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One of the most difficult situations that a researcher XJ
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can encounter is to see or suspect that a colleague has Hl^aUp.c
violated the ethical standards of the research 4f{[*6 GX
community. It is easy to find excuses to do nothing, but G zJ9N`
someone who has witnessed misconduct has an unmistakable Ht`<XbQ>
obligation to act. At the most immediate level, %gV)ar wK
misconduct can seriously obstruct or damage one's own 5}-)vsa`
research or the research of colleagues. More broadly, "J] f0m=
even a single case of misconduct can malign scientists E<D+)A
and their institutions, result in the imposition of t/v@vJ`vSH
counterproductive regulations, and shake public im_w+h%^
confidence in the integrity of science. ~I8v5 H
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To be sure, raising a concern about unethical conduct is i>ESEmb-
rarely an easy thing to do. In some cases, anonymity is ax-=n (
possible-but not always. Reprisals by the accused person lEO?kn .:z
and by skeptical colleagues have occurred in the past _N>wzk
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and have had serious consequences. Any allegation of .K $p`WQ{
misconduct is a very important charge that needs to be KcIc'G 9
taken seriously. If mishandled, an allegation can <ldid]o
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gravely damage the person charged, the one who makes the .Lr`j8
charge, the institutions involved, and science in QT`fix{
general. z{_mEE 49
Someone who is confronting a problem involving research b*lK T]D,
ethics usually has more options than are immediately }U2[?
apparent. In most cases the best thing to do is to PRM ZfYc
discuss the situation with a trusted friend or advisor. 1zdYBb
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In universities, faculty advisors, department chairs, rDpe_varA
and other senior faculty can be invaluable sources of cj$,ob&DX
advice in deciding whether to go forward with a 6tOP}X
complaint. X32RZ9y
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An important consideration is deciding when to put a a^@ + %?X
complaint in writing. Once in writing, universities are b0y-H/d/}
obligated to deal with a complaint in a more formal =ft9T&ciD
manner than if it is made verbally. Putting a complaint F?!FD>L{`
in writing can have serious consequences for the career S{o@QVbl
of a scientist and should be undertaken only after lTn;3'
thorough consideration. )URwIe {
The National Science Foundation and Public Health aLV~|$: 2
Service require all research institutions that receive t$aVe"uM
public funds to have procedures in place to deal with H( MB5
allegations of unethical practice. These procedures take a a4$'8s
into account fairness for the accused, protection for uRP
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the accuser, coordination with funding agencies, and [`q.A`Fd
requirements for confidentiality and disclosure. N[>:@h
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In addition, many universities and other research A8J?A#R*{q
institutions have designated an ombudsman, ethics o\d |CE;>
officer, or other official who is available to discuss 4 uShM0qa
situations involving research ethics. Such discussions t / A:k
are carried out in strictest confidence whenever =1O?jrl~q
possible. Some institutions provide for multiple entry
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points, so that complainants can go to a person with fH&zR#T7U4
whom they feel comfortable. .Xi2G@D
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1、广义地说，即使是一个不轨行为，也能中伤科学家和他们的单位，导致不利于科研出成果的法规的实行，并动摇公众对科学诚实性的信心。 Ur n
2、如果处理不当，一个举报能严重伤害被控告者、指控者、有关单位、乃至整个科学。 tO
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3、在大多数情况下，最好的方法是与一个值得信任的朋友或导师讨论此事。在大学里，指导老师、系主任和其他高级教师，在决定是否提出投诉时，能提供宝贵的意见 n7@j}Q(&?
4、书面投诉对科学家的职业生涯会产生严重后果，只有完全考虑清楚后才能进行。 {QMN=O&n
5、这些措施涉及公平对待被告、保护投诉人、与基金管理机构协调、并根据要求保密及公开。
