2008中科院英语翻译全文 S:q3QgU=X
QgD g}\P
One of the most difficult situations that a researcher \uq/ x^?yo
can encounter is to see or suspect that a colleague has dT$M y`>
violated the ethical standards of the research kbfC|5S
community. It is easy to find excuses to do nothing, but 'vq:D$A
someone who has witnessed misconduct has an unmistakable =w5O&(
obligation to act. At the most immediate level, _s$_Sa ;
misconduct can seriously obstruct or damage one's own mVsIAC$}8
research or the research of colleagues. More broadly, )r
z+'|,
even a single case of misconduct can malign scientists 5"]~oPK
and their institutions, result in the imposition of 7Wa?$6d
counterproductive regulations, and shake public Ev2HGU [
confidence in the integrity of science. ^ o@,3__7Q
NU\
5{N<
To be sure, raising a concern about unethical conduct is |*X*n*oI
rarely an easy thing to do. In some cases, anonymity is @a>2c$%
possible-but not always. Reprisals by the accused person 7HJS .047
and by skeptical colleagues have occurred in the past CGP3qHrXt
and have had serious consequences. Any allegation of J5 [~LZKW
misconduct is a very important charge that needs to be 0\~Z5k`IT
taken seriously. If mishandled, an allegation can %|l8f>3[
gravely damage the person charged, the one who makes the <U9/InN0[
charge, the institutions involved, and science in -/dEsgO
general. &Q=ZwC7#
Someone who is confronting a problem involving research ,chf~-d
ethics usually has more options than are immediately 7"*|2Xq
apparent. In most cases the best thing to do is to asgF1?r
discuss the situation with a trusted friend or advisor. +P`(Rf"luu
In universities, faculty advisors, department chairs, 'QH1=$Su
and other senior faculty can be invaluable sources of HFQR
;9]
advice in deciding whether to go forward with a ] 43bere
complaint. }^K/?dM
1 fL<&G
An important consideration is deciding when to put a ]AS"z<
complaint in writing. Once in writing, universities are X0+fsf<H}
obligated to deal with a complaint in a more formal 9kY[j2,+
manner than if it is made verbally. Putting a complaint kK~IwA
in writing can have serious consequences for the career Qc{RaMwD
of a scientist and should be undertaken only after L1)@z8]
thorough consideration. cQZ652F9
The National Science Foundation and Public Health dYojm1 MQ
Service require all research institutions that receive 1(GHCxA8G
public funds to have procedures in place to deal with 2#/p|$;Ec'
allegations of unethical practice. These procedures take Q
\J,}1<`6
into account fairness for the accused, protection for #S +Z$DQD
the accuser, coordination with funding agencies, and -#A:`/22
requirements for confidentiality and disclosure. +MO E
I/COq U 7~
In addition, many universities and other research cf[vf!vi
institutions have designated an ombudsman, ethics 22KI]$D#f
officer, or other official who is available to discuss (%Oe_*e}Y
situations involving research ethics. Such discussions ;
a/cty0Ch
are carried out in strictest confidence whenever U06o ;s(
possible. Some institutions provide for multiple entry '3kcD7
points, so that complainants can go to a person with KLt %[$CTi
whom they feel comfortable. tnW;E\cR
. )8
Inuc(_I
1、广义地说，即使是一个不轨行为，也能中伤科学家和他们的单位，导致不利于科研出成果的法规的实行，并动摇公众对科学诚实性的信心。 >e8JK*Blz
2、如果处理不当，一个举报能严重伤害被控告者、指控者、有关单位、乃至整个科学。 {.#zHL
;
3、在大多数情况下，最好的方法是与一个值得信任的朋友或导师讨论此事。在大学里，指导老师、系主任和其他高级教师，在决定是否提出投诉时，能提供宝贵的意见 ~%q7Vmk9
4、书面投诉对科学家的职业生涯会产生严重后果，只有完全考虑清楚后才能进行。 Q59/ex
5、这些措施涉及公平对待被告、保护投诉人、与基金管理机构协调、并根据要求保密及公开。
