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主题 : 医学考博写作常用词汇选编
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楼主  发表于: 2014-10-12   
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医学考博写作常用词汇选编

一、与医学相关的写作常用词汇分类 3xWeN#T0  
(一)医疗、医院、医生 a ?/GEfd  
  1 、医生 )Ge.1B$8h  
  ① doctor, medical worker ]y>)es1  
  ② physician 内科医生 Jp=eh   
  ③ surgeon 外科医生 t8DyS FT  
  ④ doctor in charge 主治医生 {5QIQ  
  ⑤ intern 实习医生 $73 7oV<  
⑥ resident doctor 住院医生 j-8v$ 0'  
AA"?2dF  
  2 、医院 l)m\i_r:  
  ① hospital G.OAzA13!t  
  The specialized hospital 专科医院 ZdJwy%  
  The general hospital 普通医院 "Kx2k>ym  
  The community hospital 社区医院 =T ;>$&qs  
  The public hospital 公立医院 swJ3_WhbdT  
  The private hospital 私立医院 6ziiV _p  
  ② clinc 门诊 $_CE!_G&)  
  Conventional clinic treatment普通门诊 bwR_ uF  
  ③ ward 病房 4bLk+EY4A  
④ medical team 医疗队 k nrR%e;  
WPi^;c8  
3、 医疗手段 {WQH  
(1)              drug therapy 药物治疗 \g< 9_  
(2)              medical treatment 医疗 8.FBgZh*  
(3)              medical instruments 医疗器械 hbRDM'  
(4)              diagnose (v) 诊断 (n) diagnosis 0`.3`Mk   
(5)              prevent (v) 预防 NBHS   
(6)              sterilize (v) 消毒 | :+,>0%  
(7)              administrate a drug 给药 iJ.P&T9  
(8)              prevent and treat disease (v) 预防和治疗疾病 Ylbh_ d~BU  
(9)              TCM 中医 ,0 +%ji^V  
(10)          chemotherapy 化疗 WM$)T6M  
(11)          medical service 医疗服务 "8MG[$Y  
(12)          complain of (v) 主述 ;AyE(|U+  
(13)          health checkup 健康普查 [<SM*fQ>t  
(14)          diagnosing and treating 诊断和治疗 @V{s'V   
(15)          consult the doctor(v) 咨询 ; H.`>t  
fFP>$  
  4 、医疗体制 s`"o-w\$>  
  (1 )healthcare system 医疗体制 [U+6Tj,  
  (2 )medical disputes 医疗纠纷 BG:l Zj'I  
  (3 )medical accident 医疗事故 G8xM]'y  
  (4 )the relationship between doctors and patients 医患关系 6J. [9#  
  (5 )medical insurance system 医疗保险体系 {! 5"Y(>X  
(6 )medical aid fund 医疗救助基金 Fx#0 :p  
K..L8#SC  
  5 、医德 R^zTgyr  
  (1 )medical ethics 医德 bg.f';C  
  (2 )patient-oriented 以病人为核心 L~e\uP  
  (3 )humanistic 人道主义的 |lH~nU.*  
  (4 )compassionate 富于同情性的 Ju5<wjQR\  
  (5 )considerate 体贴周到的 }`k >6B  
  (6 )resolute 果断的 mq~rD)T  
  (7 )service quality 服务质量 QuFcc}{<]  
(8 )to give top priority to the lives and health of people WK7=z3mu  
z 9mmZqhK\  
  6 、病人 ~doOt  
  (1 )patient A#9@OWV5f  
  (2 )the sick R_4]6{Rm  
  (3 )the invalid ".+wz1  
  (4) sufferer C~o6]'+F_  
   I}oxwc  
(二)疾病 'A91i  
  1 、 患病的表达方式 jJ% *hDZ6t  
  ⑴ suffer from (v ) 5=CLR  
  (2) contract (v ) =\s(v-8  
  (3) people with some disease 患病人群 KA:>7-  
(4) the people susceptible to some disease 易感某种疾病的人 ;6aTt2BQ  
e* gCc7zz  
  2 、必知疾病名称 %XGwQB$zk8  
  heart disease 心脏病 .v [8ie  
  hypertension 高血压 )mO|1IDTN  
  kidney problem 肾病 (n7 v $A  
  stroke 中风 p1t9s N,  
    shock 休克 jYKs| J)[  
  the blood pressure 血压 )_!t9gn*wr  
  diabetes 糖尿病 ;;BQuG  
  obesity 肥胖 w2y{3O"p=  
  terminal illness 绝症 :,<e  
  incurable illness 不治之症 X~abn7_  
  cancer 癌症 aE.T%xR  
  tumor 肿瘤 o?uTL>Zin  
  cancer of early stage 癌症晚期 DV +DJcF  
  emergency case 急症 ry}CND(nB  
  serious illness 重症 Q%~b(4E^7P  
  the difficult and complicated cases 疑难病 p"ht|x  
  short breath 短气 <x DD*u  
  syndrome 综合症 Sj{z  
  complications 并发症 g':mM*j&  
  process 病程 J!%Yy\G  
  bone loss 骨质疏松 k!O#6Z  
short-sighted (adj)近视 esmQ\QQ^1  
}K9Vr!  
  3、传染病 q{Hk27kt  
  (1) 感染源 _m0H gLS~  
  virus 病毒 bacteria 细菌 pest 害虫 channel and media 传染途径及媒介 u9}}}UN!  
  (2 )传染疾病 ":?>6'*1  
  some disease epidemic 传染性疾病 plague 鼠疫 rs2~spN;h  
  influenza (简)flu 流感 ,6PV"E)_  
  infection contagion 传染病 Rj9ME,u  
  infectious diseases 传染病 yi%A*q~MT  
  AIDS 艾滋病 K^?yD   
  SARS :6PWU$z$7  
  (3) 传染 w(n&(5FzB<  
  epidemic (a) 流行的,传染的 CF>k_\/Bj  
  block the channel (v) vp &jSfQ^  
  disseminate 传播 ]"q[hF*PM  
cross infection 交叉感染 ~}w(YQy=y  
C,z7f"  
  5 、疾病、病痛 pm B}a7  
  illness u*{hXR-"  
  sickness cH'*J/  
  disease v>.nL(VLjP  
  ailment ;r>?V2,tm  
suffering A,e/y  
b|n%l5 1  
  6 、疾病的转归  a)PBC{I  
  (1 )疾病的恢复 FyJI@PZdI-  
  recover recovery p 9XHYf72  
  recuperate &D[dDUdHs  
  resume > FFZ8=  
  recruit ^i&/k  
  reinstate G{}E~jDi?  
  (2) 疾病的恶化 4O9HoX#-?  
  deteriorate aoz+g,1 //  
  aggravate "v/^nH  
  exasperate M:6H%6eT  
  make worse DUEA"m h  
  worsen )NRY9\H  
   Kl{2^ q>  
    7、其他相关词汇 =r3Yt9  
  outbreak and spending l Vo](#W  
  break out (v) 疾病的爆发 5dT-{c%w4  
  spread (v) 疾病的扩散 V!3G\*$?  
  the incidence of common diseases 常见病发生率 bPC {4l  
  taboo 禁忌 \r^=W=  
  speed up blood circulation (v) y7wy9+>l  
  improve the cardiac functions (v) i' %V}2  
  side effects 副反应 U|g4t=@ZR  
complain of 主述 ,[,+ _A  
g~h`wv'  
   @]6)j&  
(三)药物  3Fo,F  
  1 、药物名称 ?'P8H^K6u  
  medicine D@^ r  
  drug yC =5/wy`  
  remedy ~ bL(mq  
  medicinal herbs !9356) cV  
  power P-K\)65{Y  
  tablet ]d_Id]Qa+  
pill Ik>sd@X*|  
3*CF!Y%  
  2 、药物用法 rs~RKTv-  
  开药 : .ZxSJ"Rk  
  prescribe some medicine for some diseases d~g  
  write out a proscription _Z#yI/5r  
  服药 pTOS}A[dh  
  take a medicine Z7JI4"  
  治…的疾病 *hF5cM[  
a remedy for some diseases vs{i2!^  
8~ .r/!wfy  
3 、其他相关词汇 A{: a kK  
  drug therapy 药物治疗 !a[ voUS  
  side effects 副反应 |bi"J;y  
  drug abuse 药物滥用 ~kS~ v  
  drugstore 药房 LZ|G"5X[  
  over the counter 非处方药 9:!n'mn  
  drug allergy 药物过敏 +V dYT6{p  
  drug poisoning 药物中毒 bo <.7  
  prescription 处方 P{)&#HXUVb  
  expenses for medicine 药费 Fr,>|  
  charges for medicine ='pssdB  
drug rebate 药品回扣 :)q/8 0@  
y{? 6U>_  
   j Z3N+_J1  
(四)心理疾病 +'= ^/!  
  1 、心理学专业词汇 |w>"oaLN|Q  
  subhealth 亚健康 5ii`!y  
  psychological benefits 心理健康 X3!btxa% t  
  psychological problem 心理问题 er+m:XuV  
  psychological consultation 心理咨询 cI?dvfU?  
  psychological obstacles 心理障碍 9gn_\!Mp  
  mental obstacles 心理障碍 YXg:cXE8e  
  psychological massage 心理按摩 ~Msee+ZZ :  
  psychology 心理学/ 心理 MGX,JW>L  
  psychotherapy 心理治疗 Vhz?9i6|g^  
psychological expert 心理专家 `;hsOfo  
 n1y#gC  
  2 、情绪词汇 Nq9Qsia&  
  overcome Fu )V2[TY  
  disappoint ^-4mZXAy1|  
  disappointed \&2GLBKpe  
  shy , mmwwz  
  flush UmiW_J B  
  frustration fT[6Cw5w`  
  failure qoB   
  willpower |ng[s6uf  
  optimism z\_q`43U7  
  optimistic e~'y%|D  
  be sensitive to /-^gK^  
  nervous :&6QKTX  
  tensional ]AERi] B  
  sad agony pessimism pessimistic e1~C>  
  confident confidence TkWS-=lNH0  
  stress pressure p|(910OEQ  
  depress depressed ?F AsV&y  
  depression depressive eU@yw1N  
   Z:O24{ro5  
3 、疲劳相关词汇 *S~. KW[  
  fatigue tire (v) weariness (n) tired(a) exhausted(a) fatigued (a) weary ^w8H=UkP!+  
   LP@Q8{'  
(五)肥胖与营养 aNn< NW  
  1 、营养物质 }= s@y"["  
  nutrient 营养素 &oTSff>p}  
  protein 蛋白质 lk6mu  
  fat 脂肪 Y)c9]1qly  
  glucose 葡萄糖 MyCX6+Ci)  
  vitamin 维生素 P8DJv-f`  
  sugar 糖类 %?X~,  
  heat calories quantity of heat 热量 yHr/i) c  
  carbohydrate 碳水化合物 EZ1H0fm  
  soft drink beverage 软饮料 D?@330'P9C  
cholesterol胆固醇 +Y)rv6}m  
H&mw!=FV0  
  2 、营养与饮食 B964#4& 9  
  a well-balanced diet Z7k {7  
  nutrition 营养 w^G<]S {l  
  nutritional 营养的 )w;XicT  
b=K    
二、医学写作其他常用词汇 HQ/PHUg2  
lG%oqxJ+ L  
1.       下降、减少 reduction,decrease,decline,diminution, drop,descend,go / come down,fall D'Byl,W$   
2.       上升、增加rise; go up; ascend;increase aina6@S  
3.       禽流感 H1N1 flu /  bird flu / avian flu; sKn>K/4JZ  
4.       食品安全 food safety wC@4`h\U  
5.       公共卫生突发事件public health emergencies c!{.BgGN  
6.       应急反应 immediate response to \&@Tq-o  
7.       .关注民生 concern(focus on, pay attention to) people’s livelihood/well-being &>6IU y'2K7\>E  
8.       城乡卫生体系urban-rural medical and health system WQiEQ>6(t(  
9.       预防保健disease prevention and health care 1tQZyHc42;  
10.   服务体系service system A '(^p$=3|@D  
11.   讲究卫生pay attention to hygiene c)iQ3 _&=  
12.   个人和环境卫生personal and environmental hygiene 9i. sl |S9Ix  
13.   清淡的lite mQ VduG  
14.   蛋白添加饮食protein-complemented diet &rcr])jg[  
15.   预防的措施preventive initiatives=preventive measures ^AN +vDT^|2SF  
16.   人畜共患病zoonosis=anthropozoonosis.人兽共患病 ^row=5]E  
17.   虫媒insect pollination; 2r PKZ|  
18.   虫媒传染病insect-borne /arthropod-borne infectious disease .7~Kfm@2  
19.   肾病综合征nephritic/renal syndrome; 0e:KiUr  
20.   爆发流行break out, explode; an epidemic outbreak of explosion Yk?ux Z4)H  
21.   传染(及相关词):infect/infection/infectious, communicate/communicable, contagion/ contagious, transmission/transmittable;!" Lm-}W "7  
22.   传播途径route of transmission, bird flu transmits by air/wind;person to person transmission I`Rxijz  
23.   传播,散布:diffuse,prevalence,spread,transmit,disseminate,propagate/ propagation{D uZ<Bf rc  
24.   污染pollution/ pollute,contamination/contaminate /xrt,M@  
25.   福祉 well-being, happiness D!q tb6<.  
26.   衰老grow old;aging;senility;senile s 8'`&f &  
27.   每况愈下from bad to worse /*r MveT  
28.   相似的akin to=similar to #z~D1Zl  
29.   脓的,化脓的purulent – 1;ZEuO  
30.   脂肪肝fatty liver w<\N-J|m  
31.   血压 hypertension #?}Y~Oe  
32.   肠癌Cancer of Rectum and Colon [m}x  
33.   亚健康 sub-health 8 ,!sAr;Rk`  
34.   过劳死death from overwork [ [>C^ 0\Z~  
35.   长期以来 for a long time ; over the years 0 r'xa' 6&  
36.   养生preserve one's health; nourishing of life; keep in good health &W.tjqmw  
37.   分类 be divided into=fall into three categories=be grouped according to their origin, into three classes.=be categorized according to/be roughly classified into three kinds My)}oN7\z  
38.   基本职责=basic/ fundamental/essential/elementary duties/responsibilities/obligations TN/I(pkt1B  
39.   基本原则fundamental principle/ rule, basic rule or principle ]6=cSs!  
40.   道德morals, morality, ethics均含“道德”之意。morals多用于实践方面,指按习惯或社会公认的道德标准,尤指男女之间关系的道德。morality指符合道德标准的行为,或用道德标准衡量某事,既指社会的又指个人的道德。ethics多用于伦理方面,指符合于伦理学中所指的好的行为,常指公平正真地对人对事的品德。 Pw$'TE}  
41.   民众the (general) public,the masses of the people,the common people LjxTRtB_  
42.   合作者co-worker; collaborator; copartner; co-agent ]S;e#u{QE  
43.   死亡人数death toll,deaths,the number of people killed in/dying from e[Q(OV5(R  
44.   .归结为 boil down to;come down to #H7(dT  
45.   归因为/归功于 be attributable to,be attributed to,ascribe or attribute… to, owe…to {(xNC#   
46.   归咎于lay or put the blame on sb,blame…on,ascribe or attribute… to,impute… to $t}L|"=8X  
47.   大规模on a large scale,extensive,large-scale,massive i$%;z~#wW  
48.   大规模流行 large-scale transmission,become a pandemic,massive attack/outbreak QI`Z[caF  
49.   表面上on the surface, apparently, ostensibly, superficial, seemingly { " $2  
50.   因果关系 cause-and-effect relationship, causal relationship/relations d*q _DV  
51.   孤立现象an isolated phenomenon `@Kh>K  
52.   复杂的complicated,complex,sophisticated,intricate atl0#FBd  
53.   极端复杂性extreme/ exceeding complexity/complicacy BT`/O D@  
54.   低保basic living allowances/subsistence allowances hr]NW>;  
55.   养老保险 endowment insurance o Q{gh$6*  
56.   退休养老金retirement n ;y"E}h  
57.   医疗改革health care reform I:mJWe   
58.   激烈运动strenuous exercise;vigorous activity !t;$n!7<  
59.   月经期menstrual period S 173/A=]  
60.   生活的节奏the tempo/the pace of life; a life of quick /fast pace  $7|0{Dw  
61.   婴幼儿保健the infant health care oleRQ=  
62.   安乐死euthanasia M%9PVePOe  
63.   得绝症的terminally ill of{wZU\J+9  
64.   临终关怀=hospice care=end-of-life care ! if^\Gs$  
65.   濒临死亡的病人:dying patients,terminally ill patients,incurable patient ZH&%D*a&  
吸二手烟secondhand smoking ,also called “involuntary smoking” or “passive smoking”. <M+ZlF-`  
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