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主题 : 医学考博写作常用词汇选编
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楼主  发表于: 2014-10-12   
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医学考博写作常用词汇选编

一、与医学相关的写作常用词汇分类 n$O[yRMI[  
(一)医疗、医院、医生 7A mnxFC  
  1 、医生 s}3`%?,6y  
  ① doctor, medical worker 7} 2Aq  
  ② physician 内科医生 M)JKe!0ad1  
  ③ surgeon 外科医生 g VPtd[r  
  ④ doctor in charge 主治医生 .h7`Q{  
  ⑤ intern 实习医生 e 1$<,.>  
⑥ resident doctor 住院医生 / !@@  
(q]_&%yW  
  2 、医院 p&nPzZQL(  
  ① hospital %7y8a`}  
  The specialized hospital 专科医院 >3Mzs AH\  
  The general hospital 普通医院 {%b*4x0?  
  The community hospital 社区医院 Sd |=*X  
  The public hospital 公立医院  e#t7  
  The private hospital 私立医院 f~0CpB*X  
  ② clinc 门诊 Ap<kK0#h  
  Conventional clinic treatment普通门诊 <Cbi5DtR  
  ③ ward 病房 j*' +f~ A  
④ medical team 医疗队 L<62-+e`  
{)?:d6"  
3、 医疗手段 S<Os\/*  
(1)              drug therapy 药物治疗 {gkzo3  
(2)              medical treatment 医疗 Oe~x,=X)  
(3)              medical instruments 医疗器械 rV_i|  
(4)              diagnose (v) 诊断 (n) diagnosis 6Lb(oY}\3  
(5)              prevent (v) 预防 ?bH&F  
(6)              sterilize (v) 消毒 | QB.QG!@  
(7)              administrate a drug 给药 >2t.7UhDI  
(8)              prevent and treat disease (v) 预防和治疗疾病 |8q:sr_  
(9)              TCM 中医 ~~\C .6c#  
(10)          chemotherapy 化疗 v6 C$Y+5~  
(11)          medical service 医疗服务 {U'\2Ge<m  
(12)          complain of (v) 主述 v8} vk]b  
(13)          health checkup 健康普查 /wI"oHZd  
(14)          diagnosing and treating 诊断和治疗 OAauD$Hh  
(15)          consult the doctor(v) 咨询 ; 1PB"1.wnd  
bQ3txuha  
  4 、医疗体制 F1)5"7f  
  (1 )healthcare system 医疗体制 vR3\E"Zi  
  (2 )medical disputes 医疗纠纷 TtQ'I}7q  
  (3 )medical accident 医疗事故 " vka7r  
  (4 )the relationship between doctors and patients 医患关系 `FG Yc  
  (5 )medical insurance system 医疗保险体系 @PT([1C  
(6 )medical aid fund 医疗救助基金 V1&qgAy~  
RY .@_{  
  5 、医德 Rb!y(&>v  
  (1 )medical ethics 医德 CkV5PU  
  (2 )patient-oriented 以病人为核心 4`B3Kt`o  
  (3 )humanistic 人道主义的 ,v%' 2[}  
  (4 )compassionate 富于同情性的 KdBpfPny@  
  (5 )considerate 体贴周到的 Q+oV? S3{  
  (6 )resolute 果断的 k2@]nW"S  
  (7 )service quality 服务质量 BsU}HuQZQ  
(8 )to give top priority to the lives and health of people ]rG/?1'^i  
+CM>]Ze  
  6 、病人 .ht-*  
  (1 )patient f"*k>=ETI  
  (2 )the sick kuI~lBWI  
  (3 )the invalid 84WX I#BH  
  (4) sufferer s+?2oPa  
   $g^D1zkuDT  
(二)疾病 GsmXcBzDw2  
  1 、 患病的表达方式 T](}jQxj`  
  ⑴ suffer from (v ) ftG3!}  
  (2) contract (v ) `BQv;NtP  
  (3) people with some disease 患病人群 9O -2  
(4) the people susceptible to some disease 易感某种疾病的人 D#AqZS>B  
m8=n`XI  
  2 、必知疾病名称 Cs_&BSs  
  heart disease 心脏病 f~F{@),acZ  
  hypertension 高血压 vQ L$.A3>  
  kidney problem 肾病 5f{P% x(  
  stroke 中风 |{&M#qXe  
    shock 休克 WR3,woo  
  the blood pressure 血压 fd4C8>*7G  
  diabetes 糖尿病 LQHL4jRXU  
  obesity 肥胖 8Z0x*Ssk  
  terminal illness 绝症 (c>g7d<>n  
  incurable illness 不治之症 w`;HwK$ ,  
  cancer 癌症 A*eVz]i,k&  
  tumor 肿瘤 uN:KivVe  
  cancer of early stage 癌症晚期 Km;}xke6  
  emergency case 急症 JwB'B  
  serious illness 重症 !( rAI  
  the difficult and complicated cases 疑难病 @uH!n~QV  
  short breath 短气 {$,\Qg  
  syndrome 综合症 ZRG Cy5Rk  
  complications 并发症 6,A|9UX=`  
  process 病程 Oj;*Gi9E  
  bone loss 骨质疏松 iCPm7AU  
short-sighted (adj)近视 {_Wrs.a'8  
?id) 2V0s  
  3、传染病  ,\s`T O  
  (1) 感染源 BYB4- ,  
  virus 病毒 bacteria 细菌 pest 害虫 channel and media 传染途径及媒介 KGYbPty}  
  (2 )传染疾病 hhze5_$_  
  some disease epidemic 传染性疾病 plague 鼠疫 Zp> v  
  influenza (简)flu 流感 tL$,]I$1+  
  infection contagion 传染病 "esuLQC  
  infectious diseases 传染病 {+WBi(=W  
  AIDS 艾滋病 Cgx:6TRS  
  SARS gS5REC4I/  
  (3) 传染 KClkPL!jP  
  epidemic (a) 流行的,传染的 4<i#TCGex3  
  block the channel (v) ]>1Mq,!  
  disseminate 传播 Y(g_h:lf,]  
cross infection 交叉感染 Vr EGR$  
?$|tT\SFV  
  5 、疾病、病痛 WT'-.UX m  
  illness :)~l3:O  
  sickness ,c&u\W=p  
  disease x95s%29RS  
  ailment +]eG=. u  
suffering i1cd9  
VcrMlcnO  
  6 、疾病的转归 Kk8wlC  
  (1 )疾病的恢复 c["1t1G  
  recover recovery .dU91> ~Ov  
  recuperate #yochxF_  
  resume G'\[dwD,u  
  recruit FBXktSg  
  reinstate gy}3ZA*F  
  (2) 疾病的恶化 rWTaCU^qV  
  deteriorate !, BJO3&  
  aggravate nnyT,e%  
  exasperate ?{ )'O+s  
  make worse $mPR)T  
  worsen KR ( apO  
   Fqeqn[,  
    7、其他相关词汇 ,7B7X)m{3  
  outbreak and spending LA6XTgcu  
  break out (v) 疾病的爆发 }!iopu  
  spread (v) 疾病的扩散 2H`r:x<Z-  
  the incidence of common diseases 常见病发生率 nGVr\u9z  
  taboo 禁忌 8'Q+%{?1t  
  speed up blood circulation (v) vFe=AY<Rt|  
  improve the cardiac functions (v) Yb5U^OjyJ  
  side effects 副反应 2!6hB sEr  
complain of 主述 | d*<4-:  
niS\0ZA  
   Xn"#Zy_  
(三)药物 }!K #  
  1 、药物名称 !S<p"   
  medicine w_U#z(W3l  
  drug Z%?>H iy'o  
  remedy { %wrx'<  
  medicinal herbs r`ftflNh(  
  power S>5w=RK   
  tablet :LuA6  
pill 6<z#*`U1  
%5L~&W}^"  
  2 、药物用法 |+h x2?Nv  
  开药 : &LV'"2ng8  
  prescribe some medicine for some diseases }Q[U4G  
  write out a proscription c CjN8<  
  服药 FpB3SJ6 B  
  take a medicine +v%+E{F$+  
  治…的疾病 s|WcJV  
a remedy for some diseases * r4FOA%P  
 2X`t&zg  
3 、其他相关词汇 VVF9X(^rQ  
  drug therapy 药物治疗 ybf,pDY#f  
  side effects 副反应 -Nr*na^H9#  
  drug abuse 药物滥用 ;qzn_W  
  drugstore 药房 Y;\@ 5TgQ,  
  over the counter 非处方药 Zki bfVwe  
  drug allergy 药物过敏 87pu\(,'  
  drug poisoning 药物中毒 ga'G)d3oS  
  prescription 处方 ;Gp9 ?0  
  expenses for medicine 药费 a'q&[08  
  charges for medicine IM,d6lN6s  
drug rebate 药品回扣 Gp_flGdGQ  
^Ux.s Q  
   "6~+ -_:  
(四)心理疾病 ]:#W$9,WL  
  1 、心理学专业词汇 6EY 0Fjsi  
  subhealth 亚健康 >TGc0 z+  
  psychological benefits 心理健康 FrRUAoF O  
  psychological problem 心理问题 B_@p@6z  
  psychological consultation 心理咨询 zGL.+@  
  psychological obstacles 心理障碍 Tv,ZS   
  mental obstacles 心理障碍 ),,0T/69+9  
  psychological massage 心理按摩 DEPsud;  
  psychology 心理学/ 心理 &[ |Z2}  
  psychotherapy 心理治疗 H.Z<T{y;  
psychological expert 心理专家  u7&5t  
=FAIbM>u  
  2 、情绪词汇 2`V0k.$?p  
  overcome ND3|wQ`M0  
  disappoint U @}r?!)"f  
  disappointed MHCwjo"  
  shy , Fbw.Y6  
  flush 6,l5Q   
  frustration Rx@0EPV  
  failure 7Zft]C?|@  
  willpower 7<*g'6JG[  
  optimism Jg&f.  
  optimistic $GD Q1&Z  
  be sensitive to F:Yp1Wrb<  
  nervous jU{~3Gn?  
  tensional y+' ,jM  
  sad agony pessimism pessimistic GCrsf  
  confident confidence i2 )$%M&  
  stress pressure T|--ZRYn  
  depress depressed Xk:_aJ  
  depression depressive wk2Ff*&  
   bc6|]kB:  
3 、疲劳相关词汇 \XbCJJP  
  fatigue tire (v) weariness (n) tired(a) exhausted(a) fatigued (a) weary 1/=6s5vS}  
   0J .]`kR  
(五)肥胖与营养 9$ixjkIg  
  1 、营养物质 |4Os_*tRKU  
  nutrient 营养素 8&y#LeM1TT  
  protein 蛋白质 T9Y rB  
  fat 脂肪 rL/H{.@$`  
  glucose 葡萄糖 M?qvI  
  vitamin 维生素 Y";K WA}b  
  sugar 糖类 *3(mNpi{_  
  heat calories quantity of heat 热量 1 l-Y)   
  carbohydrate 碳水化合物 vSo,,~ F  
  soft drink beverage 软饮料 U ?6.UtNf  
cholesterol胆固醇 gq.l=xS  
Aot9^@4])  
  2 、营养与饮食 p|w0 i[hc  
  a well-balanced diet I(qFIV+H R  
  nutrition 营养 Ime"}*9  
  nutritional 营养的 ~Vf A  
~6#O5plKc  
二、医学写作其他常用词汇 O-n JuZJgX  
^K:-r !v^  
1.       下降、减少 reduction,decrease,decline,diminution, drop,descend,go / come down,fall 2I_~] X53[  
2.       上升、增加rise; go up; ascend;increase 8Q73h/3  
3.       禽流感 H1N1 flu /  bird flu / avian flu; )< p ~  
4.       食品安全 food safety 2k^'}7G%  
5.       公共卫生突发事件public health emergencies M AL;XcRR  
6.       应急反应 immediate response to n]jw!;  
7.       .关注民生 concern(focus on, pay attention to) people’s livelihood/well-being &>6IU sY&Z/Y  
8.       城乡卫生体系urban-rural medical and health system di37   
9.       预防保健disease prevention and health care lLS7K8;4W  
10.   服务体系service system A C40o_1g  
11.   讲究卫生pay attention to hygiene BCh|^Pk  
12.   个人和环境卫生personal and environmental hygiene 9i. # GzowI'  
13.   清淡的lite H`rd bE  
14.   蛋白添加饮食protein-complemented diet -[[( Zx  
15.   预防的措施preventive initiatives=preventive measures ^AN 7\yh<?`V8  
16.   人畜共患病zoonosis=anthropozoonosis.人兽共患病 P7$/yBI U  
17.   虫媒insect pollination; $4BvDZDk`B  
18.   虫媒传染病insect-borne /arthropod-borne infectious disease ;?%_jB$P  
19.   肾病综合征nephritic/renal syndrome; [OR"9W&  
20.   爆发流行break out, explode; an epidemic outbreak of explosion o_03Io ~Bf  
21.   传染(及相关词):infect/infection/infectious, communicate/communicable, contagion/ contagious, transmission/transmittable;!" z#2n+hwE  
22.   传播途径route of transmission, bird flu transmits by air/wind;person to person transmission \jx3Fs:Q  
23.   传播,散布:diffuse,prevalence,spread,transmit,disseminate,propagate/ propagation{D e(Rbq8D  
24.   污染pollution/ pollute,contamination/contaminate %Rk DR  
25.   福祉 well-being, happiness ;3o7>yEv  
26.   衰老grow old;aging;senility;senile s .AZwVP<  
27.   每况愈下from bad to worse )W&{OMr  
28.   相似的akin to=similar to PlCj<b1D:  
29.   脓的,化脓的purulent – U*?`tdXJ$  
30.   脂肪肝fatty liver `@#rAW D  
31.   血压 hypertension 4eJR=h1  
32.   肠癌Cancer of Rectum and Colon W||&Xb  
33.   亚健康 sub-health 8 KtGbpcS$f  
34.   过劳死death from overwork [ QQv%>=_`  
35.   长期以来 for a long time ; over the years 0 tS-gaT`T  
36.   养生preserve one's health; nourishing of life; keep in good health n#@Qd!uzM  
37.   分类 be divided into=fall into three categories=be grouped according to their origin, into three classes.=be categorized according to/be roughly classified into three kinds F~eY'~&H}  
38.   基本职责=basic/ fundamental/essential/elementary duties/responsibilities/obligations SmI cqM  
39.   基本原则fundamental principle/ rule, basic rule or principle opMnLor  
40.   道德morals, morality, ethics均含“道德”之意。morals多用于实践方面,指按习惯或社会公认的道德标准,尤指男女之间关系的道德。morality指符合道德标准的行为,或用道德标准衡量某事,既指社会的又指个人的道德。ethics多用于伦理方面,指符合于伦理学中所指的好的行为,常指公平正真地对人对事的品德。 ]sJC%/  
41.   民众the (general) public,the masses of the people,the common people Xj~%kPe  
42.   合作者co-worker; collaborator; copartner; co-agent AQmHa2P  
43.   死亡人数death toll,deaths,the number of people killed in/dying from );kD0FO1|  
44.   .归结为 boil down to;come down to *"OUwEl a  
45.   归因为/归功于 be attributable to,be attributed to,ascribe or attribute… to, owe…to >Fs/Wet  
46.   归咎于lay or put the blame on sb,blame…on,ascribe or attribute… to,impute… to xF @&wg  
47.   大规模on a large scale,extensive,large-scale,massive MpBdke$  
48.   大规模流行 large-scale transmission,become a pandemic,massive attack/outbreak ncMz Hw  
49.   表面上on the surface, apparently, ostensibly, superficial, seemingly um}q@BU  
50.   因果关系 cause-and-effect relationship, causal relationship/relations LD1&8kJ*l  
51.   孤立现象an isolated phenomenon 9\c]I0)3p  
52.   复杂的complicated,complex,sophisticated,intricate cv G*p||  
53.   极端复杂性extreme/ exceeding complexity/complicacy MX8|;t  
54.   低保basic living allowances/subsistence allowances *@ H\J e`  
55.   养老保险 endowment insurance :mW< E  
56.   退休养老金retirement n /;Hr{f jl{  
57.   医疗改革health care reform .ESvMK~x  
58.   激烈运动strenuous exercise;vigorous activity ts9wSx~[+  
59.   月经期menstrual period S x~vNUyEN)  
60.   生活的节奏the tempo/the pace of life; a life of quick /fast pace g,rmGu3v  
61.   婴幼儿保健the infant health care m\X\Xp~A  
62.   安乐死euthanasia "RN] @p#m  
63.   得绝症的terminally ill XbB(<\0+  
64.   临终关怀=hospice care=end-of-life care ! c!/ +0[  
65.   濒临死亡的病人:dying patients,terminally ill patients,incurable patient !ltq@8#_|  
吸二手烟secondhand smoking ,also called “involuntary smoking” or “passive smoking”. @uldD"MJ<]  
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