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主题 : 医学考博写作常用词汇选编
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楼主  发表于: 2014-10-12   
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医学考博写作常用词汇选编

一、与医学相关的写作常用词汇分类 B+VuUt{S  
(一)医疗、医院、医生 ?qHF}k|  
  1 、医生 W^g'}}]T  
  ① doctor, medical worker Eek9|i"p  
  ② physician 内科医生 Ueyw;Y  
  ③ surgeon 外科医生 [, f)9v)  
  ④ doctor in charge 主治医生 9BON.` |_  
  ⑤ intern 实习医生 tm)*2lH6  
⑥ resident doctor 住院医生 sOC&Q&eg  
\ElX~$fS  
  2 、医院 ?C;JJ#Ho  
  ① hospital mN1Ssq"B  
  The specialized hospital 专科医院 &sOM>^SAD  
  The general hospital 普通医院 ia{kab|_5  
  The community hospital 社区医院 9U<Hf32  
  The public hospital 公立医院 S ~|.&0"\  
  The private hospital 私立医院 ,seFkG@1  
  ② clinc 门诊 I6dm@{/:>  
  Conventional clinic treatment普通门诊 s44iEh=V(I  
  ③ ward 病房 -J$g(sikt  
④ medical team 医疗队 K3ukYR  
m^tNqJs8  
3、 医疗手段 k i4f*Ej  
(1)              drug therapy 药物治疗 Npa-$N&P{S  
(2)              medical treatment 医疗 'j79GC0  
(3)              medical instruments 医疗器械 c^S&F9/U*  
(4)              diagnose (v) 诊断 (n) diagnosis *T4ge|zUc  
(5)              prevent (v) 预防 ?0J0Ij,  
(6)              sterilize (v) 消毒 | gMZ&,n4  
(7)              administrate a drug 给药 dF,DiRD  
(8)              prevent and treat disease (v) 预防和治疗疾病 (!n-Age  
(9)              TCM 中医 lIq~~cv)  
(10)          chemotherapy 化疗 ^Kw(& v  
(11)          medical service 医疗服务 ;D&wh  
(12)          complain of (v) 主述 ZjD2u 8e  
(13)          health checkup 健康普查 2u&c &G  
(14)          diagnosing and treating 诊断和治疗 dofR)"<p,^  
(15)          consult the doctor(v) 咨询 ; ^ wQcB  
8|<f8Z65!  
  4 、医疗体制 vs*I7<  
  (1 )healthcare system 医疗体制 )/TVJAJ  
  (2 )medical disputes 医疗纠纷 {G.{a d  
  (3 )medical accident 医疗事故 KgU[  
  (4 )the relationship between doctors and patients 医患关系 ^K>pT}u  
  (5 )medical insurance system 医疗保险体系 N[{]iQ  
(6 )medical aid fund 医疗救助基金 Ap,q ` S  
R7t bxC  
  5 、医德 0C7"3l  
  (1 )medical ethics 医德 mg/]4)SF  
  (2 )patient-oriented 以病人为核心 ke</x+\F  
  (3 )humanistic 人道主义的  RA~_]Hk  
  (4 )compassionate 富于同情性的 ]=pWZ~A  
  (5 )considerate 体贴周到的 WFks|D:sB  
  (6 )resolute 果断的 fa.f(c  
  (7 )service quality 服务质量 "lb\c  
(8 )to give top priority to the lives and health of people dW6Q)Rfi  
KK MWD\  
  6 、病人 L/%xbm~  
  (1 )patient /3;=xZq  
  (2 )the sick ";58B} ki  
  (3 )the invalid P:vX }V |[  
  (4) sufferer @~Rk^/0  
   Kjvs@~6t  
(二)疾病 <C2c" =b  
  1 、 患病的表达方式 [kQ"6wh8  
  ⑴ suffer from (v ) |O 'Hh7  
  (2) contract (v ) yA457 'R1  
  (3) people with some disease 患病人群 ]*;RHy9  
(4) the people susceptible to some disease 易感某种疾病的人 iNMLYYq]l  
8cequAD  
  2 、必知疾病名称 J78Qj[ v  
  heart disease 心脏病 il<gjlyR]L  
  hypertension 高血压 s VNo\  
  kidney problem 肾病 P[r}(@0rJ  
  stroke 中风 9,}fx+^  
    shock 休克 F12S(5Z0%  
  the blood pressure 血压 ..sJtA8  
  diabetes 糖尿病 !;6W!%t.|  
  obesity 肥胖 kvY} yw7  
  terminal illness 绝症 zV9 =  
  incurable illness 不治之症 P DNt4=C  
  cancer 癌症 Tm'lN5}&9  
  tumor 肿瘤 n C\(+K1%  
  cancer of early stage 癌症晚期 OsDp 88Bc  
  emergency case 急症 EVby 9!  
  serious illness 重症 :"h Pg]'  
  the difficult and complicated cases 疑难病 3g4vpKg6c  
  short breath 短气 >c~9wv  
  syndrome 综合症 _CYmG"mY  
  complications 并发症 exGhkt~  
  process 病程 H"kc^G+(R"  
  bone loss 骨质疏松 m&;zLBA;  
short-sighted (adj)近视 n:{-Vvt  
W,L>'$#pM  
  3、传染病 =2GP^vh  
  (1) 感染源 e%5'(V-y,  
  virus 病毒 bacteria 细菌 pest 害虫 channel and media 传染途径及媒介 S0X.8Bq  
  (2 )传染疾病 mU e@Dud  
  some disease epidemic 传染性疾病 plague 鼠疫 k1@  A'n  
  influenza (简)flu 流感 c+YYM :S  
  infection contagion 传染病 3<Pyr-z h  
  infectious diseases 传染病 >"m@qkh  
  AIDS 艾滋病 uH~ TugQ~  
  SARS @8x6#|D  
  (3) 传染 )SlUQ7f>  
  epidemic (a) 流行的,传染的 \I`=JKYT  
  block the channel (v) NC[GtAPD3  
  disseminate 传播 ~L Bq5a  
cross infection 交叉感染 zN8&M<mTl  
?Pok-90  
  5 、疾病、病痛 bl+@}+A  
  illness wb}N-8x  
  sickness WP#_qqO  
  disease Wvzzjcr(j  
  ailment `mHOgS>|  
suffering DRFuvU+e  
"gl:4|i '  
  6 、疾病的转归 W;)FNP|MT  
  (1 )疾病的恢复 e8ig[:B>+  
  recover recovery yADN_  
  recuperate 6pdl,5[x-  
  resume wDC/w[4:  
  recruit lXL7q?,9  
  reinstate 35]G_\  
  (2) 疾病的恶化 >[P7Zlwv4  
  deteriorate GVHfN5bTqn  
  aggravate 4\eX=~C>:  
  exasperate ^TCJh^4na  
  make worse ek. WuOs  
  worsen hhgz=7Y  
   \eSk 7C  
    7、其他相关词汇 UEYM;$_@4o  
  outbreak and spending zl0:U2x7  
  break out (v) 疾病的爆发 cPBy(5^  
  spread (v) 疾病的扩散 : R*^Izs=  
  the incidence of common diseases 常见病发生率 ]ieA?:0Hi  
  taboo 禁忌 i7!mMO8]  
  speed up blood circulation (v) s2v#evI`+  
  improve the cardiac functions (v) `zOAltfd  
  side effects 副反应 Wv*BwiQ  
complain of 主述 V1b_z  
Xgth|C}k  
   4l!Yop0h  
(三)药物 'UG}E@G  
  1 、药物名称 sluZ-,zE  
  medicine [tf^i:2  
  drug ]\mb6Hc  
  remedy y<x_v )k-  
  medicinal herbs <7-,`   
  power 1eyyu!  
  tablet gx9sBkoq5D  
pill >sS:x,-  
MdboWE5i  
  2 、药物用法 Tvw2py q  
  开药 : l'lDzB+.*  
  prescribe some medicine for some diseases 0BP~ 0z  
  write out a proscription } fMFQA)  
  服药 Y'%I at(z  
  take a medicine k<";t  
  治…的疾病 mb`}sTU).  
a remedy for some diseases *_rGBW  
f#Oz("d  
3 、其他相关词汇 ef ;="N  
  drug therapy 药物治疗 ZO6bG$y64  
  side effects 副反应 qa`(,iN  
  drug abuse 药物滥用 r_Yl/WW  
  drugstore 药房 MCpK^7]k  
  over the counter 非处方药 {QkH%jj  
  drug allergy 药物过敏 ly5L-=Xb  
  drug poisoning 药物中毒 }'v ?Qq  
  prescription 处方 DJjDKVO5t  
  expenses for medicine 药费 V+5 n|L5  
  charges for medicine '=Y~Ir+  
drug rebate 药品回扣 M +q 7h+HP  
buyz>IC P  
   Mo|5)8_  
(四)心理疾病 3? CpylCO  
  1 、心理学专业词汇 ZP/=R<<  
  subhealth 亚健康 LB+=?Mz V  
  psychological benefits 心理健康 bdhgHjz  
  psychological problem 心理问题 T )]|o+G  
  psychological consultation 心理咨询 S|w] Q   
  psychological obstacles 心理障碍 n}kz&,  
  mental obstacles 心理障碍 ,R6$SrNcd  
  psychological massage 心理按摩 ub&29Qte  
  psychology 心理学/ 心理 <u/({SZ&  
  psychotherapy 心理治疗 &" n9,$  
psychological expert 心理专家 7Wn]l!  
D8XXm lo  
  2 、情绪词汇 G dY^}TJrh  
  overcome SJ@_eir\o  
  disappoint Sp:de,9@  
  disappointed Us.jyg7_c  
  shy , U %l{>*q  
  flush a@1gMZc*  
  frustration  JwcP[w2  
  failure 0[Aa2H*  
  willpower _;W|iUreb  
  optimism hi uPvi}  
  optimistic U"Oq85vY  
  be sensitive to &Y$rVBgQ  
  nervous b L~<~gA  
  tensional ktRdf6:~  
  sad agony pessimism pessimistic f^ qQ 5N  
  confident confidence o}z}79Z  
  stress pressure m\=u/Zip  
  depress depressed _u; UU$~  
  depression depressive ^xrR3m*d  
   Z(P#]jI]  
3 、疲劳相关词汇 G <q@K-  
  fatigue tire (v) weariness (n) tired(a) exhausted(a) fatigued (a) weary +FR"Gt$g  
   'I2)-=ZL6  
(五)肥胖与营养 sh 1fz 6g  
  1 、营养物质 b;{C1aa>}  
  nutrient 营养素 &knnWm"  
  protein 蛋白质 ia[wVxd  
  fat 脂肪 EMo6$(  
  glucose 葡萄糖 U&NOf;h$  
  vitamin 维生素 ~Y(M>u.+!  
  sugar 糖类 #LZ`kSlv4  
  heat calories quantity of heat 热量 BI s!  
  carbohydrate 碳水化合物 {SJLM0 =Z  
  soft drink beverage 软饮料 y-U(`{[nM  
cholesterol胆固醇 y.Py>GJJ1S  
7]Egu D4  
  2 、营养与饮食 TsD >m  
  a well-balanced diet [|YMnV<B  
  nutrition 营养 :/3`+&T^/  
  nutritional 营养的 hug12Cu  
Um~jp:6p  
二、医学写作其他常用词汇 R8 KL4g-d  
PIA&s6U  
1.       下降、减少 reduction,decrease,decline,diminution, drop,descend,go / come down,fall gR+Z"]  
2.       上升、增加rise; go up; ascend;increase \S9z.!7v$  
3.       禽流感 H1N1 flu /  bird flu / avian flu; } 8svd#S+  
4.       食品安全 food safety H\^^p!^)  
5.       公共卫生突发事件public health emergencies @6E[K'5c1  
6.       应急反应 immediate response to ; ^$RG  
7.       .关注民生 concern(focus on, pay attention to) people’s livelihood/well-being &>6IU ovl@[>OB  
8.       城乡卫生体系urban-rural medical and health system t!k 0n&P  
9.       预防保健disease prevention and health care rEViw?^KT  
10.   服务体系service system A ]Cj&C/(  
11.   讲究卫生pay attention to hygiene 4 qnQF]4  
12.   个人和环境卫生personal and environmental hygiene 9i. VKlD"UTk  
13.   清淡的lite 4 (yHD  
14.   蛋白添加饮食protein-complemented diet Mk?9`?g.  
15.   预防的措施preventive initiatives=preventive measures ^AN %6n;B|!  
16.   人畜共患病zoonosis=anthropozoonosis.人兽共患病 6QV/8IX  
17.   虫媒insect pollination; Ua:EI!`  
18.   虫媒传染病insect-borne /arthropod-borne infectious disease V;z?m)ur  
19.   肾病综合征nephritic/renal syndrome;  A=,m  
20.   爆发流行break out, explode; an epidemic outbreak of explosion %8ul}}d9  
21.   传染(及相关词):infect/infection/infectious, communicate/communicable, contagion/ contagious, transmission/transmittable;!" U!Lws#\X  
22.   传播途径route of transmission, bird flu transmits by air/wind;person to person transmission e#AB0-f  
23.   传播,散布:diffuse,prevalence,spread,transmit,disseminate,propagate/ propagation{D eY-$h nUe  
24.   污染pollution/ pollute,contamination/contaminate }A#FGH +  
25.   福祉 well-being, happiness (]pQ.3  
26.   衰老grow old;aging;senility;senile s hOq1 "kL  
27.   每况愈下from bad to worse t^YDCcvoQ  
28.   相似的akin to=similar to b/ynCf8X  
29.   脓的,化脓的purulent – u&<LW4  
30.   脂肪肝fatty liver c(~M<nL0  
31.   血压 hypertension Ro1l:P)C`  
32.   肠癌Cancer of Rectum and Colon l 0 1Lg6+S  
33.   亚健康 sub-health 8 4jXyA/F9V  
34.   过劳死death from overwork [ gt ?&!S^  
35.   长期以来 for a long time ; over the years 0 w#o<qrpHf  
36.   养生preserve one's health; nourishing of life; keep in good health aw,8'N)  
37.   分类 be divided into=fall into three categories=be grouped according to their origin, into three classes.=be categorized according to/be roughly classified into three kinds Ug9o/I@}C  
38.   基本职责=basic/ fundamental/essential/elementary duties/responsibilities/obligations mX#T<_=d  
39.   基本原则fundamental principle/ rule, basic rule or principle <sPB|5Ak  
40.   道德morals, morality, ethics均含“道德”之意。morals多用于实践方面,指按习惯或社会公认的道德标准,尤指男女之间关系的道德。morality指符合道德标准的行为,或用道德标准衡量某事,既指社会的又指个人的道德。ethics多用于伦理方面,指符合于伦理学中所指的好的行为,常指公平正真地对人对事的品德。 wCdUYgsPT"  
41.   民众the (general) public,the masses of the people,the common people A*$vk2VWw  
42.   合作者co-worker; collaborator; copartner; co-agent UVUHLu|^  
43.   死亡人数death toll,deaths,the number of people killed in/dying from E 1>3[3  
44.   .归结为 boil down to;come down to s_]rje8`  
45.   归因为/归功于 be attributable to,be attributed to,ascribe or attribute… to, owe…to j\ )Qn 2r  
46.   归咎于lay or put the blame on sb,blame…on,ascribe or attribute… to,impute… to dx~F [  
47.   大规模on a large scale,extensive,large-scale,massive <}e<Zf!  
48.   大规模流行 large-scale transmission,become a pandemic,massive attack/outbreak UgUW 4x'+  
49.   表面上on the surface, apparently, ostensibly, superficial, seemingly ZJx:?*0a  
50.   因果关系 cause-and-effect relationship, causal relationship/relations ! |}>Y  
51.   孤立现象an isolated phenomenon HO wJ 2L  
52.   复杂的complicated,complex,sophisticated,intricate *d%m.:)N  
53.   极端复杂性extreme/ exceeding complexity/complicacy f[X>?{q  
54.   低保basic living allowances/subsistence allowances }wiq?dr  
55.   养老保险 endowment insurance {}.c.W+  
56.   退休养老金retirement n 63at lq  
57.   医疗改革health care reform  Im#3sn  
58.   激烈运动strenuous exercise;vigorous activity ?.4u'Dkn=  
59.   月经期menstrual period S ^+}<Q#y-  
60.   生活的节奏the tempo/the pace of life; a life of quick /fast pace WjA)0HL(  
61.   婴幼儿保健the infant health care Hiw{1E:rW  
62.   安乐死euthanasia ;ymUMQ%;/  
63.   得绝症的terminally ill uD+;5S]us  
64.   临终关怀=hospice care=end-of-life care ! 643 O(0a  
65.   濒临死亡的病人:dying patients,terminally ill patients,incurable patient $#0%gs/x  
吸二手烟secondhand smoking ,also called “involuntary smoking” or “passive smoking”. $ccI(J`zux  
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