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主题 : 医学考博写作常用词汇选编
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楼主  发表于: 2014-10-12   
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医学考博写作常用词汇选编

一、与医学相关的写作常用词汇分类 tc0;Ake-&  
(一)医疗、医院、医生 xa@$cxt  
  1 、医生 ZX` \so,&,  
  ① doctor, medical worker 50QDqC-]XS  
  ② physician 内科医生 hAAh  
  ③ surgeon 外科医生 E<Zf!!3  
  ④ doctor in charge 主治医生 Zs />_w}  
  ⑤ intern 实习医生 g ns}%\,  
⑥ resident doctor 住院医生 &J&'J~N  
6qHD&bv\%C  
  2 、医院 LN WS   
  ① hospital 8&G9 ?n`I5  
  The specialized hospital 专科医院 'EiCT l  
  The general hospital 普通医院 Ku l<Q<  
  The community hospital 社区医院 LDc EjFK(  
  The public hospital 公立医院 Qdq;C,}Ai.  
  The private hospital 私立医院 KU,SAcfR7  
  ② clinc 门诊 Qc3d<{7\~  
  Conventional clinic treatment普通门诊 {&,p<5o  
  ③ ward 病房 d\JaYizp  
④ medical team 医疗队 +PjTT 6  
iz#R)EB/g  
3、 医疗手段 ZLT?G  
(1)              drug therapy 药物治疗 j~k,d .17M  
(2)              medical treatment 医疗 dn#I,xa`  
(3)              medical instruments 医疗器械 ?Fl}@EA#M  
(4)              diagnose (v) 诊断 (n) diagnosis m"n74 cxS  
(5)              prevent (v) 预防 t2o{=!$WH  
(6)              sterilize (v) 消毒 | 'z. GAR  
(7)              administrate a drug 给药 x"Ky_P~  
(8)              prevent and treat disease (v) 预防和治疗疾病 ~a ([e\~  
(9)              TCM 中医 r >'tE7W9  
(10)          chemotherapy 化疗 <-v zS;  
(11)          medical service 医疗服务 Mp`$1Ksn  
(12)          complain of (v) 主述 $H@SXx  
(13)          health checkup 健康普查 ~.W]x~X$  
(14)          diagnosing and treating 诊断和治疗 ipwlP|UjQ5  
(15)          consult the doctor(v) 咨询 ; ['IH*gi  
2t\0vV2)/O  
  4 、医疗体制 e_=K0fFz  
  (1 )healthcare system 医疗体制 Kyh>O)"G^%  
  (2 )medical disputes 医疗纠纷 #%"G[B  
  (3 )medical accident 医疗事故 k`:zQd^T  
  (4 )the relationship between doctors and patients 医患关系 9r?Z'~,Za  
  (5 )medical insurance system 医疗保险体系 msmW2Zc  
(6 )medical aid fund 医疗救助基金 f!x9%  
L!cOg8Z  
  5 、医德 JY"jj}H]|  
  (1 )medical ethics 医德 OIP]9lM$nC  
  (2 )patient-oriented 以病人为核心 axnlI*!  
  (3 )humanistic 人道主义的 [ [$C tqLg  
  (4 )compassionate 富于同情性的 t1?aw<  
  (5 )considerate 体贴周到的 !/}3/iU  
  (6 )resolute 果断的 w 5%Yi {  
  (7 )service quality 服务质量 UGO#o`.G}  
(8 )to give top priority to the lives and health of people >of34C"DI  
<F7a!$zQ  
  6 、病人 Zonjk%tC  
  (1 )patient sM-,95H  
  (2 )the sick oai=1vt@  
  (3 )the invalid o !tC{"g  
  (4) sufferer jri"#H  
   ,Pa*; o\  
(二)疾病 PT~htG<Fw  
  1 、 患病的表达方式 HA,o2jZ?In  
  ⑴ suffer from (v ) qfDG.Zee #  
  (2) contract (v ) T-] {gc  
  (3) people with some disease 患病人群 )]P(!hW.  
(4) the people susceptible to some disease 易感某种疾病的人 uVEJV |^/  
0i*V?  
  2 、必知疾病名称 Y ^+x<  
  heart disease 心脏病 tpJA~!mG3  
  hypertension 高血压 ?AyxRbk  
  kidney problem 肾病 tkj-.~@g0'  
  stroke 中风 QEr<(wM-y  
    shock 休克  @lN\.O  
  the blood pressure 血压 ?EFRf~7JP  
  diabetes 糖尿病 *`H*@2  
  obesity 肥胖 r!Eh}0bL  
  terminal illness 绝症 >$D!mraih  
  incurable illness 不治之症 @62,.\F  
  cancer 癌症 Blxa0&3  
  tumor 肿瘤 G&*P*f1 S  
  cancer of early stage 癌症晚期 D{+@ ,C7B  
  emergency case 急症 UePkSz9EU  
  serious illness 重症 KL_ /f   
  the difficult and complicated cases 疑难病 v5M4Rs&t  
  short breath 短气 On*I.~  
  syndrome 综合症 lUu0AZQmG  
  complications 并发症 &Gt{9#  
  process 病程 V}s/knd  
  bone loss 骨质疏松 dL0Q8d\^T  
short-sighted (adj)近视 z206fF  
vqeH<$WHvy  
  3、传染病 RhowhQ)G  
  (1) 感染源 p7|I>8ur.  
  virus 病毒 bacteria 细菌 pest 害虫 channel and media 传染途径及媒介 rCw 4a?YS  
  (2 )传染疾病 g4Z Uh@b~  
  some disease epidemic 传染性疾病 plague 鼠疫 .) Ej#mk  
  influenza (简)flu 流感 (7g"ppf  
  infection contagion 传染病 eke[{%L   
  infectious diseases 传染病 i6#*y!3{  
  AIDS 艾滋病 b=EI?XwJ  
  SARS 2_w pj;E  
  (3) 传染 .:?v;rYk{  
  epidemic (a) 流行的,传染的 Z|_V ;*  
  block the channel (v) RnH?95n?{  
  disseminate 传播 8w:ay,=  
cross infection 交叉感染 4np2I~ !  
pb97S^K[  
  5 、疾病、病痛 N*A*\B%{x'  
  illness #m U\8M,  
  sickness 9?\cm}^?  
  disease :gsRJy1  
  ailment (1CP]5W  
suffering fn<dr(Dx  
z- q.8~Z  
  6 、疾病的转归 oZ2:%  
  (1 )疾病的恢复 Y^]n>X  
  recover recovery $ #!oejLD  
  recuperate \IQG%L{  
  resume "w"a0nv  
  recruit Kz;Ar&^`N  
  reinstate % i?  
  (2) 疾病的恶化 K["rr/  
  deteriorate w yxPvI`   
  aggravate &~eCDlX /  
  exasperate J;>;K6pW  
  make worse %scw]oF  
  worsen jIa aNO)  
   T4W20dxL7  
    7、其他相关词汇 p{oz}}  
  outbreak and spending iU+SXsXLR4  
  break out (v) 疾病的爆发 =RUy4+0>F  
  spread (v) 疾病的扩散 1R_@C.I  
  the incidence of common diseases 常见病发生率 N]yT/8  
  taboo 禁忌 Jm , :6T  
  speed up blood circulation (v) 1!1,{\9%  
  improve the cardiac functions (v) f/L8usBXq  
  side effects 副反应 1[OY- G  
complain of 主述 kQU4s)J  
g Nz  
   JAHmmNlW  
(三)药物 Jb{g{a/  
  1 、药物名称 =0&XdxX  
  medicine e3n^$'/\r  
  drug VXCB.C"  
  remedy ;nh_L(  
  medicinal herbs bBINjs8C_  
  power R[F `b  
  tablet .+2:~%v6  
pill &pl)E$Y  
"viZ"/ ~6  
  2 、药物用法 @/aJi6d"^E  
  开药 : YeJTB}  
  prescribe some medicine for some diseases tM@%EO  
  write out a proscription  l  
  服药 GQ Flt_  
  take a medicine e]1) _;b*  
  治…的疾病 \B 8j9  
a remedy for some diseases /W>?p@j+K  
0dx%b677d  
3 、其他相关词汇 J}Z\I Y,  
  drug therapy 药物治疗 uj}%S_9  
  side effects 副反应 G{pF! q  
  drug abuse 药物滥用 S41S+#7t*  
  drugstore 药房 MG&vduu  
  over the counter 非处方药 NxH%%>o>  
  drug allergy 药物过敏 BDL[C<d(  
  drug poisoning 药物中毒 =585TR; V  
  prescription 处方 /L`qOr2E  
  expenses for medicine 药费 \Pfm>$Ib=  
  charges for medicine "2!5g)iO  
drug rebate 药品回扣 ;[C_ho  
z/o&r`no  
   7Or?$  
(四)心理疾病 w$qdV,s 7  
  1 、心理学专业词汇 YFcMU5_F  
  subhealth 亚健康 Q9X+H4`}y  
  psychological benefits 心理健康 fob.?ID-;  
  psychological problem 心理问题 {- &wV  
  psychological consultation 心理咨询 VyIM ,glu  
  psychological obstacles 心理障碍 *6(/5V  
  mental obstacles 心理障碍 -<\hcV`&  
  psychological massage 心理按摩 V'N]u (^  
  psychology 心理学/ 心理 MR":a T  
  psychotherapy 心理治疗 0VgsV;  
psychological expert 心理专家 + VhD]!  
c=B!\J<1  
  2 、情绪词汇  ~Ctq  
  overcome t%s(xz#1  
  disappoint t; #D,gx  
  disappointed =6, w~|W  
  shy , Cm6%wAzC  
  flush F@@6D0\X?  
  frustration uU`Mq8) R  
  failure k9o LJ<.k  
  willpower 8s<t* pI2  
  optimism %@x.km3e2  
  optimistic (Q][d+} /  
  be sensitive to -x0u}I  
  nervous @6z]Xb  
  tensional De:| T8&  
  sad agony pessimism pessimistic [<A|\d'x  
  confident confidence }SBpc{ch  
  stress pressure o" e]9{+<  
  depress depressed fg0zD:@rA  
  depression depressive w4\g]\  
   )_Wo6l)i  
3 、疲劳相关词汇 u(g0Ob  
  fatigue tire (v) weariness (n) tired(a) exhausted(a) fatigued (a) weary M"<B@p]rk:  
   5AO' IhpL  
(五)肥胖与营养 OykYXFv*  
  1 、营养物质 #u<n .  
  nutrient 营养素 u:s[6T0  
  protein 蛋白质 {S5H H"  
  fat 脂肪 l5esx#([*R  
  glucose 葡萄糖 qA5PIEvdq  
  vitamin 维生素 a!H t81gj  
  sugar 糖类 &3%V%_  
  heat calories quantity of heat 热量 cfA)Ui  
  carbohydrate 碳水化合物 U *']7-  
  soft drink beverage 软饮料 y ZR\(\?<  
cholesterol胆固醇 P\2UIAPa\b  
g|rbkK%SoE  
  2 、营养与饮食 we;QrS(Hi  
  a well-balanced diet 19.oW49Sw  
  nutrition 营养 |w w@V<'/#  
  nutritional 营养的 >%{H>?Hn  
 {;| >Qn  
二、医学写作其他常用词汇 =9y&j-F  
B #zU'G*Y  
1.       下降、减少 reduction,decrease,decline,diminution, drop,descend,go / come down,fall l0-zu6i w  
2.       上升、增加rise; go up; ascend;increase C3>`e3v  
3.       禽流感 H1N1 flu /  bird flu / avian flu; %AnqT|\#,  
4.       食品安全 food safety }{( J *T  
5.       公共卫生突发事件public health emergencies ?'I pR  
6.       应急反应 immediate response to G~N$bF^R)  
7.       .关注民生 concern(focus on, pay attention to) people’s livelihood/well-being &>6IU l6#ms!e  
8.       城乡卫生体系urban-rural medical and health system ?KMGk]_<  
9.       预防保健disease prevention and health care moT*r?l  
10.   服务体系service system A pRrokYM d  
11.   讲究卫生pay attention to hygiene D3xyJ  
12.   个人和环境卫生personal and environmental hygiene 9i. Tj v)jD  
13.   清淡的lite .qGfLvx%  
14.   蛋白添加饮食protein-complemented diet FvVR \a  
15.   预防的措施preventive initiatives=preventive measures ^AN W_%@nm\y  
16.   人畜共患病zoonosis=anthropozoonosis.人兽共患病 L j>HZS$F  
17.   虫媒insect pollination; 7ts`uI<E@7  
18.   虫媒传染病insect-borne /arthropod-borne infectious disease ZtPnHs.x  
19.   肾病综合征nephritic/renal syndrome; Wd<|DmSy  
20.   爆发流行break out, explode; an epidemic outbreak of explosion $G}!eV 6  
21.   传染(及相关词):infect/infection/infectious, communicate/communicable, contagion/ contagious, transmission/transmittable;!" bj$VYS"kY  
22.   传播途径route of transmission, bird flu transmits by air/wind;person to person transmission ll8Zo+-[  
23.   传播,散布:diffuse,prevalence,spread,transmit,disseminate,propagate/ propagation{D CS|al(?~  
24.   污染pollution/ pollute,contamination/contaminate `<x(( @#  
25.   福祉 well-being, happiness Q$XNs%7w5,  
26.   衰老grow old;aging;senility;senile s |O4LR,{G.w  
27.   每况愈下from bad to worse S 2,tv  
28.   相似的akin to=similar to v| Yh]y  
29.   脓的,化脓的purulent – '%y5Dh  
30.   脂肪肝fatty liver +u\kTn  
31.   血压 hypertension pb5q2|u`h  
32.   肠癌Cancer of Rectum and Colon UZJ<|[  
33.   亚健康 sub-health 8 0LD$"0v/C3  
34.   过劳死death from overwork [ }eq*dr1`  
35.   长期以来 for a long time ; over the years 0 6i`Y]\X~#  
36.   养生preserve one's health; nourishing of life; keep in good health (T 8In  
37.   分类 be divided into=fall into three categories=be grouped according to their origin, into three classes.=be categorized according to/be roughly classified into three kinds }|u>b!7_.  
38.   基本职责=basic/ fundamental/essential/elementary duties/responsibilities/obligations 3$f+3/l  
39.   基本原则fundamental principle/ rule, basic rule or principle T:!f_mu|  
40.   道德morals, morality, ethics均含“道德”之意。morals多用于实践方面,指按习惯或社会公认的道德标准,尤指男女之间关系的道德。morality指符合道德标准的行为,或用道德标准衡量某事,既指社会的又指个人的道德。ethics多用于伦理方面,指符合于伦理学中所指的好的行为,常指公平正真地对人对事的品德。  e gdbv  
41.   民众the (general) public,the masses of the people,the common people T:=ST3#m  
42.   合作者co-worker; collaborator; copartner; co-agent +Z=%4  
43.   死亡人数death toll,deaths,the number of people killed in/dying from (\M#Ay t)  
44.   .归结为 boil down to;come down to R>T9H0  
45.   归因为/归功于 be attributable to,be attributed to,ascribe or attribute… to, owe…to v9 *WM3  
46.   归咎于lay or put the blame on sb,blame…on,ascribe or attribute… to,impute… to $eiW2@  
47.   大规模on a large scale,extensive,large-scale,massive dC(5I{ I|  
48.   大规模流行 large-scale transmission,become a pandemic,massive attack/outbreak B]#^&89wG)  
49.   表面上on the surface, apparently, ostensibly, superficial, seemingly >1  %|T  
50.   因果关系 cause-and-effect relationship, causal relationship/relations }Yargj_Gn  
51.   孤立现象an isolated phenomenon TD.t)  
52.   复杂的complicated,complex,sophisticated,intricate f)1*%zg%  
53.   极端复杂性extreme/ exceeding complexity/complicacy 4Is Wp!`W  
54.   低保basic living allowances/subsistence allowances >J) 9&?  
55.   养老保险 endowment insurance Dp-j( F  
56.   退休养老金retirement n :j&-Lc  
57.   医疗改革health care reform w JF(&P  
58.   激烈运动strenuous exercise;vigorous activity MGLcM&oR  
59.   月经期menstrual period S &t,"k'p  
60.   生活的节奏the tempo/the pace of life; a life of quick /fast pace "@YtxYTW-  
61.   婴幼儿保健the infant health care 'l $ViNq;  
62.   安乐死euthanasia Xmw%f[Xl  
63.   得绝症的terminally ill #`@5`;U>#  
64.   临终关怀=hospice care=end-of-life care ! js;k,`  
65.   濒临死亡的病人:dying patients,terminally ill patients,incurable patient 6%Pvh- ~_  
吸二手烟secondhand smoking ,also called “involuntary smoking” or “passive smoking”. ~A_1he~  
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