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主题 : 医学考博写作常用词汇选编
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楼主  发表于: 2014-10-12   
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医学考博写作常用词汇选编

一、与医学相关的写作常用词汇分类 oTLpq:9J  
(一)医疗、医院、医生 [mA\,ny9  
  1 、医生 [}Pi $at  
  ① doctor, medical worker OCN@P+L3q  
  ② physician 内科医生 /{*0 \`;  
  ③ surgeon 外科医生 9a3mN(<  
  ④ doctor in charge 主治医生 \9T /%[r#  
  ⑤ intern 实习医生 VDy\2-b8d  
⑥ resident doctor 住院医生 F<LRo}j"9Q  
Ue2%w/Yo  
  2 、医院 6Dz N.fz  
  ① hospital Y;[+^J*a  
  The specialized hospital 专科医院  ;kb);iT  
  The general hospital 普通医院 P1IL ]  
  The community hospital 社区医院 8q_"aa,`  
  The public hospital 公立医院 n>\2_$uDI  
  The private hospital 私立医院 Dwg_#GSr  
  ② clinc 门诊 u;3wg `e  
  Conventional clinic treatment普通门诊 W ~qVZ(G*U  
  ③ ward 病房 ~1.B fOR8  
④ medical team 医疗队 ?3Y~q;I]O  
lXOT>$qR<  
3、 医疗手段 tv'=xDCp  
(1)              drug therapy 药物治疗 bK#SxV  
(2)              medical treatment 医疗 q!4eVg*  
(3)              medical instruments 医疗器械 &"'Z)iWm  
(4)              diagnose (v) 诊断 (n) diagnosis fF]w[lLDv  
(5)              prevent (v) 预防 GiS:Nq`$(  
(6)              sterilize (v) 消毒 | %=`wN^3t2  
(7)              administrate a drug 给药 7-A/2/G<  
(8)              prevent and treat disease (v) 预防和治疗疾病 fOJTy0jX8  
(9)              TCM 中医 eI3ZV^_Ps  
(10)          chemotherapy 化疗 $L"h|>b\o  
(11)          medical service 医疗服务 kcG_ n  
(12)          complain of (v) 主述 DVz_;m6)  
(13)          health checkup 健康普查 +sT S1t  
(14)          diagnosing and treating 诊断和治疗 6<mlx'  
(15)          consult the doctor(v) 咨询 ; TE% i   
a4\j.(w)$D  
  4 、医疗体制 Wn-'iD+9<  
  (1 )healthcare system 医疗体制 zEk /15  
  (2 )medical disputes 医疗纠纷 G.3yuok9  
  (3 )medical accident 医疗事故 |Pi! UZB  
  (4 )the relationship between doctors and patients 医患关系 \>[k0<  
  (5 )medical insurance system 医疗保险体系 K$I`&M(  
(6 )medical aid fund 医疗救助基金 l 1vI  
se=;vp]3a  
  5 、医德 i 2+_~$f  
  (1 )medical ethics 医德 d9up! k  
  (2 )patient-oriented 以病人为核心 mgMa)yc!dp  
  (3 )humanistic 人道主义的 yw1-4*$c  
  (4 )compassionate 富于同情性的 3,?LpdTS  
  (5 )considerate 体贴周到的 2Q5 -.2]  
  (6 )resolute 果断的 gI!d*]{BP  
  (7 )service quality 服务质量 {krBAz&  
(8 )to give top priority to the lives and health of people 9oYE  
?j&ZzK'#^  
  6 、病人 C5g9Gg  
  (1 )patient :b] \*  
  (2 )the sick /cT6X]o8  
  (3 )the invalid }U'  
  (4) sufferer -lrcb/)Gz  
   %JgdLnQE  
(二)疾病 g(9kc<`3'D  
  1 、 患病的表达方式 }Ogb|8  
  ⑴ suffer from (v ) <HtGp6q  
  (2) contract (v ) Mh{244|o[  
  (3) people with some disease 患病人群 33 ; '6/  
(4) the people susceptible to some disease 易感某种疾病的人 TF9A4  
Zrp-Hv27,,  
  2 、必知疾病名称 N<ux4tz  
  heart disease 心脏病 W*%(J$E  
  hypertension 高血压 TB-dV'w  
  kidney problem 肾病 ,Js-'vX  
  stroke 中风 Kv2S&P|jXM  
    shock 休克 na|sKE;{  
  the blood pressure 血压 &Q#*Nnb3  
  diabetes 糖尿病 $s4.Aj  
  obesity 肥胖 ,`02fMOLc  
  terminal illness 绝症 vw4b@v-XQ3  
  incurable illness 不治之症 >cLh$;l  
  cancer 癌症 z1]nC]2  
  tumor 肿瘤 w $Fg 0JS  
  cancer of early stage 癌症晚期 Xhq6l3M  
  emergency case 急症 R}cNhZC  
  serious illness 重症 $8xb|S[  
  the difficult and complicated cases 疑难病 lZuH:AH  
  short breath 短气 reNf?7G+m  
  syndrome 综合症 #UhH  
  complications 并发症 H%XF~tF:  
  process 病程 kiyc^s  
  bone loss 骨质疏松 JSi0-S[Y{  
short-sighted (adj)近视 )UM^#<-  
s'oNW  
  3、传染病 NPS*0y/  
  (1) 感染源 92t.@!m`  
  virus 病毒 bacteria 细菌 pest 害虫 channel and media 传染途径及媒介 } c k <R  
  (2 )传染疾病 dzBP<Xyh  
  some disease epidemic 传染性疾病 plague 鼠疫 D%nd7 |  
  influenza (简)flu 流感 6o7t eX  
  infection contagion 传染病 [!yA#{xl,  
  infectious diseases 传染病 4l%1D.3-O  
  AIDS 艾滋病 CUYA:R<)  
  SARS pm,xGo2  
  (3) 传染 pITF%J@_]  
  epidemic (a) 流行的,传染的 Dr kTM<  
  block the channel (v) xsn=Ji2 F  
  disseminate 传播 Uu5(/vw]  
cross infection 交叉感染 cl2_"O  
,d ,2Q  
  5 、疾病、病痛 n)98NSVDbT  
  illness 3g;,   
  sickness {V2"Pym?  
  disease 6<<"9mxK  
  ailment "H).2{3(x  
suffering DJL.P6-W  
:86:U 0^  
  6 、疾病的转归 ]|.ked  
  (1 )疾病的恢复 )ZpI%M?)  
  recover recovery Td|u@l4B  
  recuperate o+A1-&qhN  
  resume KU/r"lMNlU  
  recruit #@$80e Fq  
  reinstate )*;Tt @'y  
  (2) 疾病的恶化 q[a\a7U z  
  deteriorate 3- Kgz  
  aggravate j)mU`b_  
  exasperate @@Ybg6.+*  
  make worse $u!(F]^  
  worsen -[L\:'Gp5  
   y9 {7+]  
    7、其他相关词汇 B>^6tdz  
  outbreak and spending +Y s GH~jX  
  break out (v) 疾病的爆发 t<p#u=jOa  
  spread (v) 疾病的扩散 @-!P1]V|  
  the incidence of common diseases 常见病发生率 z4:!*:.Asu  
  taboo 禁忌 x|0C0a\"A  
  speed up blood circulation (v) gT+g@\u[  
  improve the cardiac functions (v) c`!e#w  
  side effects 副反应 sm/a L^4  
complain of 主述 .*-8rOcc  
rv*{[K  
   6VGY4j}:(  
(三)药物 "`49m7q1H  
  1 、药物名称 *#Cx-J  
  medicine \Ggh 95y  
  drug OX7=g$S 1  
  remedy 3x+lf4"  
  medicinal herbs =0g!Q   
  power PlkZ)S7C  
  tablet e'3V4iU]  
pill Ss>pNH@ c  
7S a9  
  2 、药物用法 ^^N|:80  
  开药 : c;VqEpsbl  
  prescribe some medicine for some diseases 9eMle?pF   
  write out a proscription =NF0E8O  
  服药 'C'mgEl%L  
  take a medicine :<J7g`f  
  治…的疾病 #f2Ot<#-  
a remedy for some diseases 8fXiadP#  
Y2r}W3F=  
3 、其他相关词汇 h9)S&Sk{s  
  drug therapy 药物治疗 >yC=@Uq+  
  side effects 副反应 W8d-4')|  
  drug abuse 药物滥用 ?})A-$f ~  
  drugstore 药房 &<F9Z2^  
  over the counter 非处方药 N p"p*O  
  drug allergy 药物过敏 ix!xLm9\  
  drug poisoning 药物中毒 ~>CvZ 7K  
  prescription 处方 ?M4o>T%p"  
  expenses for medicine 药费 ]fM|cN8(zM  
  charges for medicine y:;.r:  
drug rebate 药品回扣 ~:DL{ZeEb  
P<PZ4hNx  
   V 0Bl6  
(四)心理疾病 hXTfmFy{n  
  1 、心理学专业词汇  !VGG2N8  
  subhealth 亚健康 FNQ<k[#K'~  
  psychological benefits 心理健康 `c  
  psychological problem 心理问题 *#=Ijr~  
  psychological consultation 心理咨询 QG5WsuT  
  psychological obstacles 心理障碍 6 5g ovor  
  mental obstacles 心理障碍 qf? "v;  
  psychological massage 心理按摩 '(vZfzc{J  
  psychology 心理学/ 心理 0S{23L4C  
  psychotherapy 心理治疗 8 .%0JJ.3  
psychological expert 心理专家 :q9!  
{-Y;!  
  2 、情绪词汇 7e"}ojt$  
  overcome .+:iAnf  
  disappoint fL*7u\m:  
  disappointed ^k6_j\5j  
  shy , U6.aoqb%  
  flush ]C \+b <  
  frustration 6GxLaI  
  failure 3TwjC:Yhv2  
  willpower j`_S%E%X  
  optimism EFX2>&mWo8  
  optimistic 0*{(R#  
  be sensitive to #h;   
  nervous JxVGzb`8  
  tensional @)Vpj\jM-C  
  sad agony pessimism pessimistic 7#LIGr  
  confident confidence CNNqS ^ct  
  stress pressure @O#!W]6NT6  
  depress depressed ,.)wCZ,wca  
  depression depressive o#qdgZ  
   x{R440"  
3 、疲劳相关词汇 E+L 7[  
  fatigue tire (v) weariness (n) tired(a) exhausted(a) fatigued (a) weary pCKP{c=6Q  
   k(ouE|B  
(五)肥胖与营养 %2 r ~  
  1 、营养物质 <nk|Z'G E  
  nutrient 营养素 p(yv  
  protein 蛋白质 I!/32* s1t  
  fat 脂肪 O nXo0PV/(  
  glucose 葡萄糖 YIe1AF}   
  vitamin 维生素 k{*EoV[.$  
  sugar 糖类 lelmX  
  heat calories quantity of heat 热量 i c{I  
  carbohydrate 碳水化合物 }3z3GU8Q-  
  soft drink beverage 软饮料 k0Vri$x  
cholesterol胆固醇 ~n 'A1  
HI5NWdfRl  
  2 、营养与饮食 Cd'D ~'=  
  a well-balanced diet dS1HA>c)O  
  nutrition 营养 'n|U   
  nutritional 营养的 lT[,w9$  
vP{i+s18B  
二、医学写作其他常用词汇 tw4,gW  
4X=VNORlU0  
1.       下降、减少 reduction,decrease,decline,diminution, drop,descend,go / come down,fall h2Q'5G  
2.       上升、增加rise; go up; ascend;increase t jM9EP  
3.       禽流感 H1N1 flu /  bird flu / avian flu; %M x|"ff  
4.       食品安全 food safety ykQb;ZP8jh  
5.       公共卫生突发事件public health emergencies L@Rgiq|v-|  
6.       应急反应 immediate response to P(PBOB97  
7.       .关注民生 concern(focus on, pay attention to) people’s livelihood/well-being &>6IU (aYu[ML  
8.       城乡卫生体系urban-rural medical and health system 89 d%P J0  
9.       预防保健disease prevention and health care W'6DwV|  
10.   服务体系service system A EC,,l'%a|/  
11.   讲究卫生pay attention to hygiene Yo%U{/e  
12.   个人和环境卫生personal and environmental hygiene 9i. vU%o5y :  
13.   清淡的lite :^(y~q?  
14.   蛋白添加饮食protein-complemented diet i&DbZ=n2  
15.   预防的措施preventive initiatives=preventive measures ^AN {/no YB<;  
16.   人畜共患病zoonosis=anthropozoonosis.人兽共患病 kw59`z Es  
17.   虫媒insect pollination; _4oAk @ A  
18.   虫媒传染病insect-borne /arthropod-borne infectious disease C-edQWbcP  
19.   肾病综合征nephritic/renal syndrome; M[I=N  
20.   爆发流行break out, explode; an epidemic outbreak of explosion M2%@bETJ  
21.   传染(及相关词):infect/infection/infectious, communicate/communicable, contagion/ contagious, transmission/transmittable;!" EUSM4djL  
22.   传播途径route of transmission, bird flu transmits by air/wind;person to person transmission <HnJD/g  
23.   传播,散布:diffuse,prevalence,spread,transmit,disseminate,propagate/ propagation{D `GE8? UO-  
24.   污染pollution/ pollute,contamination/contaminate '$,yV f  
25.   福祉 well-being, happiness `N[@lV\xp!  
26.   衰老grow old;aging;senility;senile s Um/l{:S   
27.   每况愈下from bad to worse _V3 z!aI  
28.   相似的akin to=similar to 38sLyo G=i  
29.   脓的,化脓的purulent – pYcs4f!?p  
30.   脂肪肝fatty liver Zf>:h   
31.   血压 hypertension #;99vw c  
32.   肠癌Cancer of Rectum and Colon O+&;,R:  
33.   亚健康 sub-health 8 `Fcr`[  
34.   过劳死death from overwork [ `BZ|[ q3  
35.   长期以来 for a long time ; over the years 0 pku\)  
36.   养生preserve one's health; nourishing of life; keep in good health KsGW@Ho:  
37.   分类 be divided into=fall into three categories=be grouped according to their origin, into three classes.=be categorized according to/be roughly classified into three kinds b B#QIXY/L  
38.   基本职责=basic/ fundamental/essential/elementary duties/responsibilities/obligations TgJ+:^+0  
39.   基本原则fundamental principle/ rule, basic rule or principle -e$ T}3IV  
40.   道德morals, morality, ethics均含“道德”之意。morals多用于实践方面,指按习惯或社会公认的道德标准,尤指男女之间关系的道德。morality指符合道德标准的行为,或用道德标准衡量某事,既指社会的又指个人的道德。ethics多用于伦理方面,指符合于伦理学中所指的好的行为,常指公平正真地对人对事的品德。 OfrzmL<K  
41.   民众the (general) public,the masses of the people,the common people H6Zo|n  
42.   合作者co-worker; collaborator; copartner; co-agent $@s-OQ}  
43.   死亡人数death toll,deaths,the number of people killed in/dying from ,fiV xnQ  
44.   .归结为 boil down to;come down to #[i3cn  
45.   归因为/归功于 be attributable to,be attributed to,ascribe or attribute… to, owe…to ADF<5#I  
46.   归咎于lay or put the blame on sb,blame…on,ascribe or attribute… to,impute… to zvGncjMkC  
47.   大规模on a large scale,extensive,large-scale,massive c)Ng 9p  
48.   大规模流行 large-scale transmission,become a pandemic,massive attack/outbreak cRs\()W  
49.   表面上on the surface, apparently, ostensibly, superficial, seemingly 7%$3`4i`O  
50.   因果关系 cause-and-effect relationship, causal relationship/relations Z;NaIJiL-  
51.   孤立现象an isolated phenomenon 43g1/,klm  
52.   复杂的complicated,complex,sophisticated,intricate +9]t]Vrw  
53.   极端复杂性extreme/ exceeding complexity/complicacy N G vb]  
54.   低保basic living allowances/subsistence allowances [c;0eFSi2  
55.   养老保险 endowment insurance ^7Z? }tgU  
56.   退休养老金retirement n TPx`qyW  
57.   医疗改革health care reform XFWE^*e=B  
58.   激烈运动strenuous exercise;vigorous activity [T9]q8"  
59.   月经期menstrual period S ts@w9|  
60.   生活的节奏the tempo/the pace of life; a life of quick /fast pace ]N\D^`iQ  
61.   婴幼儿保健the infant health care +BM[@?"hrh  
62.   安乐死euthanasia S.>fB7'(?=  
63.   得绝症的terminally ill J@i9)D_  
64.   临终关怀=hospice care=end-of-life care ! T+gH38!e  
65.   濒临死亡的病人:dying patients,terminally ill patients,incurable patient ffI=Bt]t  
吸二手烟secondhand smoking ,also called “involuntary smoking” or “passive smoking”. J!|R1  
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