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主题 : 医学考博写作常用词汇选编
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楼主  发表于: 2014-10-12   
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医学考博写作常用词汇选编

一、与医学相关的写作常用词汇分类 "S(yZ6r"  
(一)医疗、医院、医生 nj  
  1 、医生 q#'VJA:A5&  
  ① doctor, medical worker s1 =+::  
  ② physician 内科医生 fhr-Y'  
  ③ surgeon 外科医生 :u-.T.zZl  
  ④ doctor in charge 主治医生 i. M2E$b|  
  ⑤ intern 实习医生 f?maa5S  
⑥ resident doctor 住院医生 PQ3h\CL1n  
c3#q0Ma  
  2 、医院 r.<JDdj  
  ① hospital />F.Nsujy  
  The specialized hospital 专科医院 ;wgFr.#hp@  
  The general hospital 普通医院 ZF'HM@cfo  
  The community hospital 社区医院 ="dDA/,$VS  
  The public hospital 公立医院 t !~ S9c  
  The private hospital 私立医院 ; RHNRVP  
  ② clinc 门诊 DEtf(lW_  
  Conventional clinic treatment普通门诊 kc Y,vl  
  ③ ward 病房 Ag6uR(uI  
④ medical team 医疗队 ?(D}5`Nfu  
"-0;#&!  
3、 医疗手段 Vhph`[dC{  
(1)              drug therapy 药物治疗 I N_gF_@%  
(2)              medical treatment 医疗 ^Plc}W7h  
(3)              medical instruments 医疗器械 g_M ^E-3  
(4)              diagnose (v) 诊断 (n) diagnosis eXG57<t ON  
(5)              prevent (v) 预防 tT-=hDw  
(6)              sterilize (v) 消毒 | Z Xb}R^O-  
(7)              administrate a drug 给药 A{(T'/~"  
(8)              prevent and treat disease (v) 预防和治疗疾病 8Zw]f-5x\  
(9)              TCM 中医 wT/6aJoX  
(10)          chemotherapy 化疗 @|=U rKAN  
(11)          medical service 医疗服务 DqlK.  
(12)          complain of (v) 主述 &I)\*Ue2t  
(13)          health checkup 健康普查 r0Z+ RB^I  
(14)          diagnosing and treating 诊断和治疗  i6 L  
(15)          consult the doctor(v) 咨询 ; F[]&1  
jsZY{s=  
  4 、医疗体制 NjP ]My  
  (1 )healthcare system 医疗体制 BKZ v9  
  (2 )medical disputes 医疗纠纷 :kN5?t=  
  (3 )medical accident 医疗事故 ETm]o  
  (4 )the relationship between doctors and patients 医患关系 WW6yFriuW  
  (5 )medical insurance system 医疗保险体系 yQwVQUW8B  
(6 )medical aid fund 医疗救助基金 ~p^7X2% !  
pL)xqKj  
  5 、医德 $iHoOYx]<  
  (1 )medical ethics 医德 1J'pB;.]s  
  (2 )patient-oriented 以病人为核心 6w!e?B2/%  
  (3 )humanistic 人道主义的 !7c'<[+Hm  
  (4 )compassionate 富于同情性的 OpqNEo\  
  (5 )considerate 体贴周到的 tN}c0'H  
  (6 )resolute 果断的 >2Ca5C  
  (7 )service quality 服务质量 H pFb{  
(8 )to give top priority to the lives and health of people )-q\aX$])  
6F-JK1i  
  6 、病人 NQR^%<hU  
  (1 )patient A;T[['  
  (2 )the sick n$ dw<y  
  (3 )the invalid o\60 n  
  (4) sufferer *:j-zrwu&  
   H+R7X71{  
(二)疾病 x ^[F]YU  
  1 、 患病的表达方式 "Y(^F bs  
  ⑴ suffer from (v ) Uz $ @(C  
  (2) contract (v ) - `4Ty*K  
  (3) people with some disease 患病人群 ^r4|{  
(4) the people susceptible to some disease 易感某种疾病的人 VWD.J  
ctK65h{Eo  
  2 、必知疾病名称 8sWr\&!  
  heart disease 心脏病 *;P2+cE>H3  
  hypertension 高血压 j[H0SBKC  
  kidney problem 肾病 Oj-r;Tt_G}  
  stroke 中风 0# l#,Y6#I  
    shock 休克 |=u96G~N  
  the blood pressure 血压 U$%|0@`~  
  diabetes 糖尿病 W\NG>t  
  obesity 肥胖 (FG^UA#'  
  terminal illness 绝症 *.3y2m,bZ  
  incurable illness 不治之症 . v\PilF  
  cancer 癌症 Uh%6LPg^  
  tumor 肿瘤 LGfmUb-{]  
  cancer of early stage 癌症晚期 ez+yP,.#  
  emergency case 急症 3u4:l  
  serious illness 重症 *k4+ioFnKE  
  the difficult and complicated cases 疑难病 {?y<%@  
  short breath 短气 ~ttKI4  
  syndrome 综合症 &\c5!xQ9*  
  complications 并发症 Gn[*?=Vy  
  process 病程 q}e]*]dJZ  
  bone loss 骨质疏松 ^F&A6{9f/h  
short-sighted (adj)近视 );!dg\U  
97(n\Wt 2  
  3、传染病 2$3kKY6$e  
  (1) 感染源 `T`c@ A  
  virus 病毒 bacteria 细菌 pest 害虫 channel and media 传染途径及媒介 !YIb  
  (2 )传染疾病 g*28L[Q~  
  some disease epidemic 传染性疾病 plague 鼠疫 egbb1+tY  
  influenza (简)flu 流感 9[Y*k^.!  
  infection contagion 传染病 Nv{eE<<6  
  infectious diseases 传染病 [{?;c+[  
  AIDS 艾滋病 K: 4P ;ApI  
  SARS r.9 $y/5  
  (3) 传染 P$Ax c/H  
  epidemic (a) 流行的,传染的 XA?WUR[e  
  block the channel (v) EtJD'&  
  disseminate 传播 b~F!.^7Q  
cross infection 交叉感染 W;91H'`?H  
I>\}}!  
  5 、疾病、病痛 "\}21B~{7'  
  illness  H RWZ0 '  
  sickness yB|]LYh  
  disease L,GShl0S  
  ailment 2YaTT& J  
suffering .HQVj'g  
\l>q Y(gu  
  6 、疾病的转归 H7y&N5.V  
  (1 )疾病的恢复 Wn2Ny jX  
  recover recovery 5c*p2:]  
  recuperate &Jrq5Q C  
  resume P*}9,VoY  
  recruit 2LtU;}7s  
  reinstate C#ZmgR  
  (2) 疾病的恶化 AECxd[k$9  
  deteriorate WT;.>F  
  aggravate 5?<|3  
  exasperate #rqyy0k0'h  
  make worse tU8g(ep,o  
  worsen AM1/\R  
    `;zu1o  
    7、其他相关词汇 mrhsKmH  
  outbreak and spending rTN"SQt  
  break out (v) 疾病的爆发 ;5,`Jpca  
  spread (v) 疾病的扩散 tf.q~@Pi  
  the incidence of common diseases 常见病发生率 -wPuml!hZ|  
  taboo 禁忌 4SX3c:>  
  speed up blood circulation (v) @n 5;|`)\  
  improve the cardiac functions (v) xCDA1y;j  
  side effects 副反应 PPuXas?i  
complain of 主述 SSSDl$}'t  
z7NGpA(  
   k)<~nc-  
(三)药物 ;EE{ ~  
  1 、药物名称 E.5 *Jr=J  
  medicine <lg"M;&Ht  
  drug muqfSF  
  remedy . }-@;:yh  
  medicinal herbs *SMoodFBS  
  power [[.&,6  
  tablet KxgR5#:i"  
pill h4$OXKme?  
`uaD.m$EJ  
  2 、药物用法 q\z=z$VR  
  开药 : ;|;h9"  
  prescribe some medicine for some diseases `E4!u=%  
  write out a proscription ~L4*b *W  
  服药 r(?'Yy  
  take a medicine g-{<v4NGI  
  治…的疾病 .zSimEOF  
a remedy for some diseases /4wm}g9  
mPw56>  
3 、其他相关词汇 Y9I #Q  
  drug therapy 药物治疗 F] dd>#  
  side effects 副反应 ]C!Y~  
  drug abuse 药物滥用 R"\u b"]  
  drugstore 药房 B'lx lYV1  
  over the counter 非处方药 #%=vy\r  
  drug allergy 药物过敏 }77=<N br  
  drug poisoning 药物中毒 4LB9w 21  
  prescription 处方 k1LtqV  
  expenses for medicine 药费 rz%[o,s  
  charges for medicine kgbr+Yw2X  
drug rebate 药品回扣 tr9_bl&z  
@e?[oojrM  
   &:e}4/G  
(四)心理疾病 t$PnQ@xu  
  1 、心理学专业词汇 ~jRk10T(B  
  subhealth 亚健康 P20]>Hg  
  psychological benefits 心理健康 V~uA(3\U  
  psychological problem 心理问题 V[M$o  
  psychological consultation 心理咨询 (82\&dfy  
  psychological obstacles 心理障碍 JXy667_  
  mental obstacles 心理障碍 v BeU  
  psychological massage 心理按摩 >-@{vyoOy  
  psychology 心理学/ 心理 YV_I-l0  
  psychotherapy 心理治疗 w2C!>fJ]1  
psychological expert 心理专家  !k??Kj  
X#NeB>~  
  2 、情绪词汇 j C1^>D  
  overcome YT%SCaU  
  disappoint l<MC mKuYp  
  disappointed ]!Aze^7;  
  shy , H1b%:KRVK  
  flush u1|Y;*  
  frustration !.GY~f<d$  
  failure /$4?.qtu  
  willpower aFc'_FrQ  
  optimism &7kSLat+9{  
  optimistic ~x^+OXf!^g  
  be sensitive to n,'AFb4AF  
  nervous m4.V$U,H]  
  tensional P}u<NPy3Q  
  sad agony pessimism pessimistic g8 *|" {  
  confident confidence eMd1%/[  
  stress pressure ,`2xfVa-  
  depress depressed F-OZIo  
  depression depressive u H;^>`DT  
   KUn5S&eB  
3 、疲劳相关词汇 gR6T]v  
  fatigue tire (v) weariness (n) tired(a) exhausted(a) fatigued (a) weary 7Qztc?XK  
   dz.MH  
(五)肥胖与营养 [0 f6uIF  
  1 、营养物质 ',ybHW%D%i  
  nutrient 营养素 zW&O>H  
  protein 蛋白质 x@\'@>_GM  
  fat 脂肪 rpI7W?hh  
  glucose 葡萄糖 g/Nj|: 3  
  vitamin 维生素 WC&Ltw8  
  sugar 糖类 !7kOw65+0  
  heat calories quantity of heat 热量 Y]Nab0R&  
  carbohydrate 碳水化合物 _C#(  )#  
  soft drink beverage 软饮料 QlXF:Gx"=  
cholesterol胆固醇 ~Q\ZDMTK  
! \Kh\  
  2 、营养与饮食 #gT^hl5/  
  a well-balanced diet b,A1(_pzi  
  nutrition 营养 ?uBC{KQ}Y  
  nutritional 营养的 bW3o%srxa  
Nr+1N83S}  
二、医学写作其他常用词汇 h--!pE+  
/;ITnG  
1.       下降、减少 reduction,decrease,decline,diminution, drop,descend,go / come down,fall c?Qg :yU  
2.       上升、增加rise; go up; ascend;increase  ]bSt[  
3.       禽流感 H1N1 flu /  bird flu / avian flu; 7FFYSv,[:  
4.       食品安全 food safety D:,<9 %A  
5.       公共卫生突发事件public health emergencies 0g)mf6}o  
6.       应急反应 immediate response to FeMu`|2  
7.       .关注民生 concern(focus on, pay attention to) people’s livelihood/well-being &>6IU /LzNr0>2  
8.       城乡卫生体系urban-rural medical and health system V(0[QA  
9.       预防保健disease prevention and health care V> SA3  
10.   服务体系service system A }y/t~f+  
11.   讲究卫生pay attention to hygiene ITiw) M  
12.   个人和环境卫生personal and environmental hygiene 9i. 9] \vw  
13.   清淡的lite 4v .6 _ebL  
14.   蛋白添加饮食protein-complemented diet U7=Z.*/62  
15.   预防的措施preventive initiatives=preventive measures ^AN 9-SXu lgu  
16.   人畜共患病zoonosis=anthropozoonosis.人兽共患病 \I]'6N=  
17.   虫媒insect pollination; /#5ZP\e  
18.   虫媒传染病insect-borne /arthropod-borne infectious disease Y8(yOVy9  
19.   肾病综合征nephritic/renal syndrome; JTJ4a8DE  
20.   爆发流行break out, explode; an epidemic outbreak of explosion &aOOG8l  
21.   传染(及相关词):infect/infection/infectious, communicate/communicable, contagion/ contagious, transmission/transmittable;!" g!uhy}  
22.   传播途径route of transmission, bird flu transmits by air/wind;person to person transmission M}u2aW2]X  
23.   传播,散布:diffuse,prevalence,spread,transmit,disseminate,propagate/ propagation{D 7Cjrh"al"  
24.   污染pollution/ pollute,contamination/contaminate FTe#@\I  
25.   福祉 well-being, happiness $mlcaH  
26.   衰老grow old;aging;senility;senile s fBmx +7  
27.   每况愈下from bad to worse 3* <W`yed  
28.   相似的akin to=similar to V ALYA=w/  
29.   脓的,化脓的purulent – l ki(_ @3  
30.   脂肪肝fatty liver )uP= o  
31.   血压 hypertension "cx" d:  
32.   肠癌Cancer of Rectum and Colon wSDDejg  
33.   亚健康 sub-health 8 |u[gI+TUE  
34.   过劳死death from overwork [ r%4:,{HF  
35.   长期以来 for a long time ; over the years 0 ux=@"!PJ  
36.   养生preserve one's health; nourishing of life; keep in good health ,bJx| K  
37.   分类 be divided into=fall into three categories=be grouped according to their origin, into three classes.=be categorized according to/be roughly classified into three kinds RA}PM?D/  
38.   基本职责=basic/ fundamental/essential/elementary duties/responsibilities/obligations 5:wf"3%%  
39.   基本原则fundamental principle/ rule, basic rule or principle = j -  
40.   道德morals, morality, ethics均含“道德”之意。morals多用于实践方面,指按习惯或社会公认的道德标准,尤指男女之间关系的道德。morality指符合道德标准的行为,或用道德标准衡量某事,既指社会的又指个人的道德。ethics多用于伦理方面,指符合于伦理学中所指的好的行为,常指公平正真地对人对事的品德。 'J}lnt[V  
41.   民众the (general) public,the masses of the people,the common people {#MViBhd%  
42.   合作者co-worker; collaborator; copartner; co-agent hwJ.M4  
43.   死亡人数death toll,deaths,the number of people killed in/dying from ^*W3{eyi(L  
44.   .归结为 boil down to;come down to !?96P|G  
45.   归因为/归功于 be attributable to,be attributed to,ascribe or attribute… to, owe…to HDYf^mcW  
46.   归咎于lay or put the blame on sb,blame…on,ascribe or attribute… to,impute… to v|e>zm <  
47.   大规模on a large scale,extensive,large-scale,massive 1D$k:|pP~  
48.   大规模流行 large-scale transmission,become a pandemic,massive attack/outbreak @0G} Q  
49.   表面上on the surface, apparently, ostensibly, superficial, seemingly D~<GVp5T  
50.   因果关系 cause-and-effect relationship, causal relationship/relations =~)n,5  
51.   孤立现象an isolated phenomenon u^uW<.#z  
52.   复杂的complicated,complex,sophisticated,intricate U!h!z`RU54  
53.   极端复杂性extreme/ exceeding complexity/complicacy uQDu<@5^[  
54.   低保basic living allowances/subsistence allowances uBM1;9h  
55.   养老保险 endowment insurance +CACs7tV  
56.   退休养老金retirement n 9wYbY* j  
57.   医疗改革health care reform ?FLjvmE9  
58.   激烈运动strenuous exercise;vigorous activity (mzyA%;W  
59.   月经期menstrual period S yfU1;MI  
60.   生活的节奏the tempo/the pace of life; a life of quick /fast pace U|>Js!$  
61.   婴幼儿保健the infant health care te`4*t  
62.   安乐死euthanasia TnC'<zm9 !  
63.   得绝症的terminally ill uJ%ql5XDV  
64.   临终关怀=hospice care=end-of-life care ! vt1!|2{ h  
65.   濒临死亡的病人:dying patients,terminally ill patients,incurable patient </fzBaTo  
吸二手烟secondhand smoking ,also called “involuntary smoking” or “passive smoking”. ?HW*qD#k  
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