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主题 : 医学考博写作常用词汇选编
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楼主  发表于: 2014-10-12   
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医学考博写作常用词汇选编

一、与医学相关的写作常用词汇分类 TX$j-TM'  
(一)医疗、医院、医生 &G:#7HX@-  
  1 、医生 }}@x x&  
  ① doctor, medical worker *Mk5*_  
  ② physician 内科医生 g,*LP  
  ③ surgeon 外科医生 4vC { G.  
  ④ doctor in charge 主治医生 DHQavHqbZ  
  ⑤ intern 实习医生 1$H*E ~  
⑥ resident doctor 住院医生 7Rwn{] r  
eT0Y p  
  2 、医院 RG4T9eZq  
  ① hospital rE)lt0mkv  
  The specialized hospital 专科医院 5 o-WA1  
  The general hospital 普通医院 e i%L[>N  
  The community hospital 社区医院 8iQ8s;@S&>  
  The public hospital 公立医院 EdR1W~JZ  
  The private hospital 私立医院 ^VabXGzo#  
  ② clinc 门诊 -*HR0:H  
  Conventional clinic treatment普通门诊 ROb2g|YXG  
  ③ ward 病房 7XrXx:*a5  
④ medical team 医疗队 I54`}Npp  
m% 7T ~  
3、 医疗手段 \+3amkBe  
(1)              drug therapy 药物治疗 ?9W2wqN>o  
(2)              medical treatment 医疗 &RF*pU>  
(3)              medical instruments 医疗器械 x:dI:G  
(4)              diagnose (v) 诊断 (n) diagnosis * {TB<^ *  
(5)              prevent (v) 预防 {_[\k^98>  
(6)              sterilize (v) 消毒 | ~IQ3B $4H&  
(7)              administrate a drug 给药 a\_?zi]s&,  
(8)              prevent and treat disease (v) 预防和治疗疾病 wB%N}bi!  
(9)              TCM 中医 *M^(A}+O  
(10)          chemotherapy 化疗 `!- w^ ~c  
(11)          medical service 医疗服务 m6wrG`-di  
(12)          complain of (v) 主述 0*y|k1  
(13)          health checkup 健康普查 KdN+$fe*g  
(14)          diagnosing and treating 诊断和治疗 ?xX9o  
(15)          consult the doctor(v) 咨询 ; fC|NK+Xd`  
o!$O+%4  
  4 、医疗体制 wg.TCT2  
  (1 )healthcare system 医疗体制 xr yXO(  
  (2 )medical disputes 医疗纠纷 yUY* l@v]  
  (3 )medical accident 医疗事故 caH!(V}6  
  (4 )the relationship between doctors and patients 医患关系 jVdRy{MH  
  (5 )medical insurance system 医疗保险体系 sR;^7(f!m  
(6 )medical aid fund 医疗救助基金 .+#<~Jv  
+5<]s+4T  
  5 、医德 jXH?os%  
  (1 )medical ethics 医德 Z)qts=  
  (2 )patient-oriented 以病人为核心 #^i.[7p  
  (3 )humanistic 人道主义的 i!KZg74V  
  (4 )compassionate 富于同情性的 oj$^87KX  
  (5 )considerate 体贴周到的 )}3!iDA  
  (6 )resolute 果断的 0YsBAfRG  
  (7 )service quality 服务质量 6R=dg2tKT  
(8 )to give top priority to the lives and health of people 0r/pZ3/  
/$-Tg) o5i  
  6 、病人 8n'"RaLQ8  
  (1 )patient Ec4+wRWk85  
  (2 )the sick rY:A LA  
  (3 )the invalid K (!+l  
  (4) sufferer FBk_LEcX  
   aePLP  
(二)疾病 "I}]]?y  
  1 、 患病的表达方式 "j*{7FBqk  
  ⑴ suffer from (v ) V/,@hv`+  
  (2) contract (v ) MpCK/eiC  
  (3) people with some disease 患病人群 Uja`{uc  
(4) the people susceptible to some disease 易感某种疾病的人 *= ;M',nx  
7FB aN7l  
  2 、必知疾病名称 W3~xjS"h  
  heart disease 心脏病 'Z{_w s  
  hypertension 高血压 @b@#  o  
  kidney problem 肾病 WJ[ybzVj  
  stroke 中风 a?K3/0G  
    shock 休克 X8uAwHa6F  
  the blood pressure 血压 81jVjf?`  
  diabetes 糖尿病 1RM@~I$0  
  obesity 肥胖 @ )< 3Z  
  terminal illness 绝症 p~bx  
  incurable illness 不治之症 >JUOS2  
  cancer 癌症 0*{ 2^\  
  tumor 肿瘤 QHm F,P  
  cancer of early stage 癌症晚期 &4}Uaxt)  
  emergency case 急症 q37d:Hp  
  serious illness 重症 u,&[I^WK`C  
  the difficult and complicated cases 疑难病 M4rK  
  short breath 短气 WH^^.^(i  
  syndrome 综合症 7AouiL 2-W  
  complications 并发症 gi#g)9HG  
  process 病程 2Q81#i'Cm  
  bone loss 骨质疏松 -RKqbfmi=  
short-sighted (adj)近视 sO$X5S C9  
3<A$lG  
  3、传染病 UVz}"TRq.  
  (1) 感染源 H$4 4,8,m  
  virus 病毒 bacteria 细菌 pest 害虫 channel and media 传染途径及媒介 S|pf.l  
  (2 )传染疾病 EZb_8<DH  
  some disease epidemic 传染性疾病 plague 鼠疫 1wTPT, k  
  influenza (简)flu 流感 <yg! D21Y  
  infection contagion 传染病 _|f_%S8a_=  
  infectious diseases 传染病 :ND e<6?u  
  AIDS 艾滋病 6i7+.#s  
  SARS Sece#K2J|  
  (3) 传染 {"WfA  
  epidemic (a) 流行的,传染的 zkb[u"  
  block the channel (v) kT12  
  disseminate 传播 PHU$<>  
cross infection 交叉感染 :c}"a(|  
}BN!Xa  
  5 、疾病、病痛 P+<4w  
  illness F\Q X=n  
  sickness bx._,G  
  disease Boj#r ,x  
  ailment Cc}3@Nf{/  
suffering h\lyt(.s  
Y{D?&x%yq  
  6 、疾病的转归 ';zS0Yk  
  (1 )疾病的恢复 )uRR!<"~  
  recover recovery 34c+70x7  
  recuperate i#K Y'"P  
  resume 0u?Vn N<  
  recruit b"pN;v  
  reinstate <TEDqQ  
  (2) 疾病的恶化 ["0DXm%t  
  deteriorate .g>0FP  
  aggravate #&,~5  
  exasperate {xu~Dx  
  make worse AYsiaSTRqW  
  worsen Y,M 2 D  
   [oG Sy5bB  
    7、其他相关词汇 [Wn6d :  
  outbreak and spending 8SOfX^;o  
  break out (v) 疾病的爆发  Q5 =  
  spread (v) 疾病的扩散 \2[sUY<W  
  the incidence of common diseases 常见病发生率 (nAg ~i  
  taboo 禁忌 ,% *Jm  
  speed up blood circulation (v) iD) P6"  
  improve the cardiac functions (v) 4P=)u}{]^#  
  side effects 副反应 f{+X0Oj  
complain of 主述 d6ckvD[  
ZN}U^9m=  
   `P jS  
(三)药物 JlE b  
  1 、药物名称 ,+!|~1  
  medicine >o5eyi  
  drug Rf TG 5E)  
  remedy }*,z~y}V#  
  medicinal herbs yX1OJg[s,  
  power O# `y;%  
  tablet %B(E;t63W  
pill MrhJk   
Y0g6zHk7  
  2 、药物用法 NT<}-^  
  开药 : lB(P+yY,/'  
  prescribe some medicine for some diseases Z 4{~  
  write out a proscription H iEQs|""'  
  服药 -z'6.I cO  
  take a medicine vjd;*ORB  
  治…的疾病 G&#l3bkQ  
a remedy for some diseases tx]!|x" F  
]?V2L`/  
3 、其他相关词汇 ,S-zY\XB  
  drug therapy 药物治疗  G`NGt_C  
  side effects 副反应 .`+N+B(4  
  drug abuse 药物滥用 j,v2(e5:  
  drugstore 药房 U}SN#[*  
  over the counter 非处方药 #$v,.Yk  
  drug allergy 药物过敏 iQz c$y^,9  
  drug poisoning 药物中毒 wu19Pg?F  
  prescription 处方 ju(QSZ|;  
  expenses for medicine 药费 Q*]y=Za #:  
  charges for medicine #RP7?yGM,  
drug rebate 药品回扣 89[OaT_hs  
bf$4Z: Y  
   Q3aZB*$K  
(四)心理疾病 9P#<T7  
  1 、心理学专业词汇 rM)-$dZ  
  subhealth 亚健康 e*pYlm  
  psychological benefits 心理健康 G$CI~0Se:  
  psychological problem 心理问题 Yjix]lUXVf  
  psychological consultation 心理咨询 z[De?8=)  
  psychological obstacles 心理障碍 fC!+"g55  
  mental obstacles 心理障碍 ,Cj` 0v#  
  psychological massage 心理按摩  bj U]]  
  psychology 心理学/ 心理 ;09U*S$eK  
  psychotherapy 心理治疗 K)TMr"j\  
psychological expert 心理专家 Un{9reX5  
"[wP1n!G  
  2 、情绪词汇 5)<}a&;{  
  overcome lwp (Pq  
  disappoint 5Jm %*Wb  
  disappointed p^9u8T4l1  
  shy , hT[w" &3  
  flush IjnO2X  
  frustration AJR`ohh  
  failure P|kfPohI=  
  willpower Afo qCF  
  optimism 9xIz[`)i.  
  optimistic &l2C-(  
  be sensitive to 0v'FE35~s  
  nervous ew\ZFqA;  
  tensional zua=E2  
  sad agony pessimism pessimistic t+m ug  
  confident confidence zIh`Vw,t0  
  stress pressure 5_= HtM[v]  
  depress depressed V~_aM@q1  
  depression depressive dMjAG7U  
   M_EXA _  
3 、疲劳相关词汇 w} 1~  
  fatigue tire (v) weariness (n) tired(a) exhausted(a) fatigued (a) weary >Sua:Uff  
   [SX>b"L  
(五)肥胖与营养 G s)2HR@>  
  1 、营养物质 89X`U)Ws  
  nutrient 营养素 TE t+At`]  
  protein 蛋白质 8^ezqd`  
  fat 脂肪 xix: = a  
  glucose 葡萄糖 @O  Rk  
  vitamin 维生素 *mTx0sQz(J  
  sugar 糖类 :{ Q[kYj  
  heat calories quantity of heat 热量 qZ|>{^a*  
  carbohydrate 碳水化合物 pQf5s7  
  soft drink beverage 软饮料 1# -=|:U  
cholesterol胆固醇 *aT \V64  
K,Z_lP_~Vw  
  2 、营养与饮食 M h5>@-fEE  
  a well-balanced diet N5\]VCX  
  nutrition 营养 ` $N()P  
  nutritional 营养的 _BP!{~&;  
`rLy7\@;  
二、医学写作其他常用词汇 cgevP`*]  
d" Aer  
1.       下降、减少 reduction,decrease,decline,diminution, drop,descend,go / come down,fall ;+-Dg3  
2.       上升、增加rise; go up; ascend;increase ;+-M+9"?O  
3.       禽流感 H1N1 flu /  bird flu / avian flu; M8HHyV[AmC  
4.       食品安全 food safety AV%t<fDG#  
5.       公共卫生突发事件public health emergencies i{+W62k*  
6.       应急反应 immediate response to Td"_To@jd  
7.       .关注民生 concern(focus on, pay attention to) people’s livelihood/well-being &>6IU jj$D6f/mOG  
8.       城乡卫生体系urban-rural medical and health system 1Ff Sqd  
9.       预防保健disease prevention and health care a(BEm_l3  
10.   服务体系service system A |MQ_VZ{6  
11.   讲究卫生pay attention to hygiene k 9Xv@v  
12.   个人和环境卫生personal and environmental hygiene 9i. Zj]jE%AT  
13.   清淡的lite zm7IkYF  
14.   蛋白添加饮食protein-complemented diet U.,_zEbx,  
15.   预防的措施preventive initiatives=preventive measures ^AN +i0j3.  
16.   人畜共患病zoonosis=anthropozoonosis.人兽共患病 EFqYEDXW  
17.   虫媒insect pollination; 8'}D/4MUr  
18.   虫媒传染病insect-borne /arthropod-borne infectious disease @j/|U04_ Z  
19.   肾病综合征nephritic/renal syndrome; C@#KZ`c)  
20.   爆发流行break out, explode; an epidemic outbreak of explosion <bbC &O\  
21.   传染(及相关词):infect/infection/infectious, communicate/communicable, contagion/ contagious, transmission/transmittable;!" -cL{9r&X  
22.   传播途径route of transmission, bird flu transmits by air/wind;person to person transmission 9yrSCDu00  
23.   传播,散布:diffuse,prevalence,spread,transmit,disseminate,propagate/ propagation{D h .%)RW?  
24.   污染pollution/ pollute,contamination/contaminate 9ER!K  
25.   福祉 well-being, happiness +IkL=/';#  
26.   衰老grow old;aging;senility;senile s []I _r=  
27.   每况愈下from bad to worse |Y")$pjz  
28.   相似的akin to=similar to |_GESpoHH  
29.   脓的,化脓的purulent – XJI ff$K  
30.   脂肪肝fatty liver LeT OVgjA|  
31.   血压 hypertension L$ki>._i\  
32.   肠癌Cancer of Rectum and Colon 1>IA9]D7  
33.   亚健康 sub-health 8 ZK p9k6  
34.   过劳死death from overwork [ aSVR +of  
35.   长期以来 for a long time ; over the years 0 } VDJ  
36.   养生preserve one's health; nourishing of life; keep in good health "t!_b ma  
37.   分类 be divided into=fall into three categories=be grouped according to their origin, into three classes.=be categorized according to/be roughly classified into three kinds fUV;3du  
38.   基本职责=basic/ fundamental/essential/elementary duties/responsibilities/obligations hqwDlapTt  
39.   基本原则fundamental principle/ rule, basic rule or principle jM'(Qa  
40.   道德morals, morality, ethics均含“道德”之意。morals多用于实践方面,指按习惯或社会公认的道德标准,尤指男女之间关系的道德。morality指符合道德标准的行为,或用道德标准衡量某事,既指社会的又指个人的道德。ethics多用于伦理方面,指符合于伦理学中所指的好的行为,常指公平正真地对人对事的品德。 Y4j%K~ls Y  
41.   民众the (general) public,the masses of the people,the common people WTX!)H6Zv  
42.   合作者co-worker; collaborator; copartner; co-agent 8^2E77s4U  
43.   死亡人数death toll,deaths,the number of people killed in/dying from .;,` bH0  
44.   .归结为 boil down to;come down to 9tBE=L=  
45.   归因为/归功于 be attributable to,be attributed to,ascribe or attribute… to, owe…to rJw Ws  
46.   归咎于lay or put the blame on sb,blame…on,ascribe or attribute… to,impute… to &E0L 2gbI  
47.   大规模on a large scale,extensive,large-scale,massive #Zj3SfU~`  
48.   大规模流行 large-scale transmission,become a pandemic,massive attack/outbreak >&D}^TMYY  
49.   表面上on the surface, apparently, ostensibly, superficial, seemingly @*^%^ P  
50.   因果关系 cause-and-effect relationship, causal relationship/relations H tAO9  
51.   孤立现象an isolated phenomenon BVe c  
52.   复杂的complicated,complex,sophisticated,intricate -a`P W  
53.   极端复杂性extreme/ exceeding complexity/complicacy :e! 3-#H  
54.   低保basic living allowances/subsistence allowances Qa@] sWcM  
55.   养老保险 endowment insurance B*&HQW *u  
56.   退休养老金retirement n A?4s+A@Eg  
57.   医疗改革health care reform ),5|Ves;t[  
58.   激烈运动strenuous exercise;vigorous activity f`bRg8v  
59.   月经期menstrual period S v&r\Z @%  
60.   生活的节奏the tempo/the pace of life; a life of quick /fast pace 0}qnq"  
61.   婴幼儿保健the infant health care :]uz0s`>  
62.   安乐死euthanasia J N> h:  
63.   得绝症的terminally ill kj/v$m  
64.   临终关怀=hospice care=end-of-life care ! P&5kO;ia  
65.   濒临死亡的病人:dying patients,terminally ill patients,incurable patient rq![a};~  
吸二手烟secondhand smoking ,also called “involuntary smoking” or “passive smoking”. cxpG6c  
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