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主题 : 医学考博写作常用词汇选编
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楼主  发表于: 2014-10-12   
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医学考博写作常用词汇选编

一、与医学相关的写作常用词汇分类 W XQ@kQD  
(一)医疗、医院、医生 XNz+a|cF  
  1 、医生 ^Ck Mk 1  
  ① doctor, medical worker ]fyfL|(;  
  ② physician 内科医生 oZ'a}kF  
  ③ surgeon 外科医生 s0SzO,Vi  
  ④ doctor in charge 主治医生 mWp>E`l  
  ⑤ intern 实习医生 \-\>JPO~<  
⑥ resident doctor 住院医生 RTOA'|[0M  
ai !u+L  
  2 、医院 pj>R9zpn_  
  ① hospital ho\1[xS  
  The specialized hospital 专科医院 UK=ELvt]  
  The general hospital 普通医院 {:X'9NEE  
  The community hospital 社区医院 JF=R$!5  
  The public hospital 公立医院 $WA wMS,  
  The private hospital 私立医院 N`8K1{>BH  
  ② clinc 门诊 .3 EZk86  
  Conventional clinic treatment普通门诊 T7[@ lMa?  
  ③ ward 病房 `PWKA;W$0  
④ medical team 医疗队 }M07-qIX{  
*!5CL'  
3、 医疗手段 8P n  
(1)              drug therapy 药物治疗 K@.5   
(2)              medical treatment 医疗 2yN!yIPR  
(3)              medical instruments 医疗器械 {lI}a8DP  
(4)              diagnose (v) 诊断 (n) diagnosis 4^7 v@3  
(5)              prevent (v) 预防 PGTEIptX7  
(6)              sterilize (v) 消毒 | [gW eD  
(7)              administrate a drug 给药 SmXoNiM"y  
(8)              prevent and treat disease (v) 预防和治疗疾病 ~&?([}A  
(9)              TCM 中医 .f~9IAXP`  
(10)          chemotherapy 化疗 Mh%{cLM  
(11)          medical service 医疗服务 xm m,- u  
(12)          complain of (v) 主述 ?9 huuJ s7  
(13)          health checkup 健康普查 YidcVlOsO  
(14)          diagnosing and treating 诊断和治疗 x^ s,<G  
(15)          consult the doctor(v) 咨询 ; rto?*^N?  
!j!w $  
  4 、医疗体制 K^WDA])  
  (1 )healthcare system 医疗体制 J/]%zwDwS  
  (2 )medical disputes 医疗纠纷 d1~#@6CIz  
  (3 )medical accident 医疗事故 "L>'X22ed  
  (4 )the relationship between doctors and patients 医患关系 80nEQT y  
  (5 )medical insurance system 医疗保险体系 (\:Rnl  
(6 )medical aid fund 医疗救助基金 -2hirA<^  
C'#KTp4!1  
  5 、医德 ^J^,@ Hf_  
  (1 )medical ethics 医德 4[lFur H  
  (2 )patient-oriented 以病人为核心 ')jItje|  
  (3 )humanistic 人道主义的 :1+Aj (  
  (4 )compassionate 富于同情性的 ,dRaV</2  
  (5 )considerate 体贴周到的 N[Z`tk?-  
  (6 )resolute 果断的 :jTSO d[r  
  (7 )service quality 服务质量 Sz5t~U=G  
(8 )to give top priority to the lives and health of people R3B+vLGX  
+tPBm{|  
  6 、病人 7(@xk_Pl  
  (1 )patient Lc !2'Do;  
  (2 )the sick PVb[E03  
  (3 )the invalid DI\=udN  
  (4) sufferer ^hLr9k   
   Pb&tWv\ql  
(二)疾病 UhH#> 2r_  
  1 、 患病的表达方式 kmC@\xTp  
  ⑴ suffer from (v ) XIwJhsYZ'9  
  (2) contract (v ) y_m+&Oe  
  (3) people with some disease 患病人群 a=2.Y?  
(4) the people susceptible to some disease 易感某种疾病的人 fo ~uI(rk  
GLsa]}m,9  
  2 、必知疾病名称 i$NlS}W  
  heart disease 心脏病 </[.1&S+\  
  hypertension 高血压 Y- ao yoNS  
  kidney problem 肾病 (% 6fMVp  
  stroke 中风 {s8c@-'  
    shock 休克 v~mVf.j1  
  the blood pressure 血压 *2h%dT:,%  
  diabetes 糖尿病 <K0epED  
  obesity 肥胖 V_h&9]RL  
  terminal illness 绝症 Dh E-g<  
  incurable illness 不治之症 l5D)UO  
  cancer 癌症 u''Ce`N  
  tumor 肿瘤 gkr9+  
  cancer of early stage 癌症晚期 \]> YLyG  
  emergency case 急症 FCt<h/  
  serious illness 重症 e?W ,D0h  
  the difficult and complicated cases 疑难病 i.E2a)  
  short breath 短气 ${T/b(NM  
  syndrome 综合症 =gj?!d`  
  complications 并发症 x0# Bc7y  
  process 病程 FI^Wh7J  
  bone loss 骨质疏松 %5e|  
short-sighted (adj)近视 *^-AOSVt,  
c,@Vz 7c  
  3、传染病 uU^DYgs  
  (1) 感染源 }PI:O%N;  
  virus 病毒 bacteria 细菌 pest 害虫 channel and media 传染途径及媒介 W]po RTJ:  
  (2 )传染疾病 <H^jbK  
  some disease epidemic 传染性疾病 plague 鼠疫 cy^=!EfA  
  influenza (简)flu 流感 =F@ +~)_  
  infection contagion 传染病 X7$]qE K  
  infectious diseases 传染病 M86"J:\u]  
  AIDS 艾滋病 boojq{cvYA  
  SARS `Abd=1nH  
  (3) 传染 RL}?.'!  
  epidemic (a) 流行的,传染的 &@6xu{o  
  block the channel (v) ZS.=GjK  
  disseminate 传播 dqB,i9--  
cross infection 交叉感染 f7*Qa!!2p]  
c+ZOC8R  
  5 、疾病、病痛 20}HTV{v  
  illness ^;F/^ _  
  sickness 8-<F4^i_i  
  disease uUjjAGZ  
  ailment 2q[pOT'k  
suffering +JI,6)Ry  
!/,oQoG  
  6 、疾病的转归 ~Z5AImR|  
  (1 )疾病的恢复 bo#xqSGQ  
  recover recovery -1 dD~S$  
  recuperate Zv}F?4T~:  
  resume H|aFs.SEQ  
  recruit -;gQy[U  
  reinstate LZ)g&A(j?  
  (2) 疾病的恶化 pJFn 8&!J  
  deteriorate _jX,1+M  
  aggravate 9<3(  QR  
  exasperate "&H'?N%9Up  
  make worse oO;L l?~  
  worsen ovN3.0tAI  
   $Z;8@O3  
    7、其他相关词汇 G$a @}9V  
  outbreak and spending 29grbP  
  break out (v) 疾病的爆发 KGOhoiR9:C  
  spread (v) 疾病的扩散 cS Lj\'`b  
  the incidence of common diseases 常见病发生率 @Nb/n  
  taboo 禁忌  @N '_qu  
  speed up blood circulation (v) @MibKj>o  
  improve the cardiac functions (v) ^;/~$  
  side effects 副反应 b$;oty9Y  
complain of 主述 =ttD5 p  
dlvU=^G#G  
   PW@ :fM:q  
(三)药物 vFHeGq70j  
  1 、药物名称 #qVvh3#g  
  medicine  #NyO'  
  drug Btznms'  
  remedy M>=@Z*u/+  
  medicinal herbs Ag T)J  
  power [ [_>D M  
  tablet DCa[?|Y  
pill [3=Y 9P:  
+D @B eQu  
  2 、药物用法 "E7<S5 cr  
  开药 : B{0]v-w  
  prescribe some medicine for some diseases 5f_x.~ymA  
  write out a proscription 512p\x@  
  服药 w8 S pt  
  take a medicine N/lEfy<&g:  
  治…的疾病 ^W}| 1.uZ  
a remedy for some diseases D4"<suU|.  
DNDzK iMk  
3 、其他相关词汇 $C=XSuPNK  
  drug therapy 药物治疗 mGg/F&G9  
  side effects 副反应 yS K81`  
  drug abuse 药物滥用 C3.]dsv:  
  drugstore 药房 6qQ_I 0f  
  over the counter 非处方药 V!*1F1  
  drug allergy 药物过敏 b!MN QGs  
  drug poisoning 药物中毒 u*qI$?&  
  prescription 处方 i.K!;E>  
  expenses for medicine 药费 \N0wf-qa=  
  charges for medicine o=7e8l  
drug rebate 药品回扣 ?~sNu k  
DHjfd+E=s  
   sJQ~ :p0e  
(四)心理疾病 }#~E-N3x  
  1 、心理学专业词汇 Y$, ++wx  
  subhealth 亚健康 r4K_Wp  
  psychological benefits 心理健康 mo tW7|p.e  
  psychological problem 心理问题 9I5AYa?  
  psychological consultation 心理咨询 vEG7A$Z"  
  psychological obstacles 心理障碍 PGZe'r1E9  
  mental obstacles 心理障碍 "Ar|i8^G3  
  psychological massage 心理按摩 a_\7Ho$^  
  psychology 心理学/ 心理 M a{@b$>  
  psychotherapy 心理治疗 jpXbFWgN  
psychological expert 心理专家 VqD_FS;E  
iz[IK%K  
  2 、情绪词汇 vN]_/T+  
  overcome  D5Jg(-  
  disappoint <%|u1cn~!v  
  disappointed &{#6Z  
  shy , ' m<L}d  
  flush lA6{TH.x  
  frustration ;Hp78!#,  
  failure G7GKO  
  willpower S@ y! 0,  
  optimism 23+JuXC6>  
  optimistic YXF^4||j.c  
  be sensitive to 8A*tpMV?J  
  nervous a>ye  
  tensional E=bZ4 /  
  sad agony pessimism pessimistic n"~K",~P  
  confident confidence :a=]<_*x  
  stress pressure C.}ho.} r  
  depress depressed od!s5f!  
  depression depressive E1A5<^t  
   , d HAD  
3 、疲劳相关词汇 tPw7zFy6r  
  fatigue tire (v) weariness (n) tired(a) exhausted(a) fatigued (a) weary h,/3 }  
   G 8tK"L C  
(五)肥胖与营养 <BdC#t:*L  
  1 、营养物质 OaByfo<S  
  nutrient 营养素 YR)^F|G  
  protein 蛋白质 )%: W;H  
  fat 脂肪 Sx_j`Cgy  
  glucose 葡萄糖 "/hLZl  
  vitamin 维生素 bvJ*REPL ?  
  sugar 糖类 K$$%j"s  
  heat calories quantity of heat 热量 nF 'U*  
  carbohydrate 碳水化合物 nxuR^6 Ai  
  soft drink beverage 软饮料 5YiBPB")  
cholesterol胆固醇 2T"[$iH!7  
Hxj8cX UF|  
  2 、营养与饮食 7z8   
  a well-balanced diet pTYV@5|  
  nutrition 营养 ^687U,+  
  nutritional 营养的  8KzH -  
DH4|lb}  
二、医学写作其他常用词汇 {5T:7* J  
`u8=~]rblj  
1.       下降、减少 reduction,decrease,decline,diminution, drop,descend,go / come down,fall SsIN @  
2.       上升、增加rise; go up; ascend;increase T%2%*oa  
3.       禽流感 H1N1 flu /  bird flu / avian flu; #XAH ` L\  
4.       食品安全 food safety &([yI>%  
5.       公共卫生突发事件public health emergencies &$pA,Gjin\  
6.       应急反应 immediate response to Dr#V^"Dte  
7.       .关注民生 concern(focus on, pay attention to) people’s livelihood/well-being &>6IU .1""U ']  
8.       城乡卫生体系urban-rural medical and health system Lor__ K  
9.       预防保健disease prevention and health care 8j@ADfZ9  
10.   服务体系service system A OKNGV,{`  
11.   讲究卫生pay attention to hygiene Qlhm:[  
12.   个人和环境卫生personal and environmental hygiene 9i. R!_1*H$  
13.   清淡的lite atfK?VK#  
14.   蛋白添加饮食protein-complemented diet ;:ocU?  
15.   预防的措施preventive initiatives=preventive measures ^AN x>[ gShAV!  
16.   人畜共患病zoonosis=anthropozoonosis.人兽共患病 j!?bE3r~  
17.   虫媒insect pollination; -k@Uo(MB  
18.   虫媒传染病insect-borne /arthropod-borne infectious disease DOW Z hD  
19.   肾病综合征nephritic/renal syndrome; 7, :l\t  
20.   爆发流行break out, explode; an epidemic outbreak of explosion @XX7ydG5  
21.   传染(及相关词):infect/infection/infectious, communicate/communicable, contagion/ contagious, transmission/transmittable;!" @|Hx >|p  
22.   传播途径route of transmission, bird flu transmits by air/wind;person to person transmission \'Ca%j  
23.   传播,散布:diffuse,prevalence,spread,transmit,disseminate,propagate/ propagation{D 2rX}A3%9^^  
24.   污染pollution/ pollute,contamination/contaminate wEbO|S+K1  
25.   福祉 well-being, happiness PAy7b7m~B  
26.   衰老grow old;aging;senility;senile s [E/^bM+  
27.   每况愈下from bad to worse C= PV-Ul+  
28.   相似的akin to=similar to ;F>I+l_X  
29.   脓的,化脓的purulent – 'lR f  
30.   脂肪肝fatty liver SrSm%Dv  
31.   血压 hypertension \E2S/1p  
32.   肠癌Cancer of Rectum and Colon gd\b]L?>O  
33.   亚健康 sub-health 8 [fXC ;c1  
34.   过劳死death from overwork [ 4 {3< `  
35.   长期以来 for a long time ; over the years 0 R{Qvpd$y  
36.   养生preserve one's health; nourishing of life; keep in good health . aqP=  
37.   分类 be divided into=fall into three categories=be grouped according to their origin, into three classes.=be categorized according to/be roughly classified into three kinds Jl^THoEL  
38.   基本职责=basic/ fundamental/essential/elementary duties/responsibilities/obligations >{kPa|  
39.   基本原则fundamental principle/ rule, basic rule or principle  .)XJ-  
40.   道德morals, morality, ethics均含“道德”之意。morals多用于实践方面,指按习惯或社会公认的道德标准,尤指男女之间关系的道德。morality指符合道德标准的行为,或用道德标准衡量某事,既指社会的又指个人的道德。ethics多用于伦理方面,指符合于伦理学中所指的好的行为,常指公平正真地对人对事的品德。 t%>x}b"2T  
41.   民众the (general) public,the masses of the people,the common people ||sj*K  
42.   合作者co-worker; collaborator; copartner; co-agent <\S j5  
43.   死亡人数death toll,deaths,the number of people killed in/dying from {uMqd-Uu  
44.   .归结为 boil down to;come down to @](\cT64i3  
45.   归因为/归功于 be attributable to,be attributed to,ascribe or attribute… to, owe…to HxH=~B1"P  
46.   归咎于lay or put the blame on sb,blame…on,ascribe or attribute… to,impute… to 2VNfnk  
47.   大规模on a large scale,extensive,large-scale,massive lw"5p)aB  
48.   大规模流行 large-scale transmission,become a pandemic,massive attack/outbreak 0NWtu]9QC  
49.   表面上on the surface, apparently, ostensibly, superficial, seemingly }D&fw=r"M  
50.   因果关系 cause-and-effect relationship, causal relationship/relations mh8~w~/[  
51.   孤立现象an isolated phenomenon (" >gLr  
52.   复杂的complicated,complex,sophisticated,intricate )z#M_[zC>  
53.   极端复杂性extreme/ exceeding complexity/complicacy lhA<wV1-9G  
54.   低保basic living allowances/subsistence allowances P>t[35/1  
55.   养老保险 endowment insurance A{Q:,S)  
56.   退休养老金retirement n C=/nZGG  
57.   医疗改革health care reform |cBpX+D  
58.   激烈运动strenuous exercise;vigorous activity &`'gO 9  
59.   月经期menstrual period S pMX#!wb  
60.   生活的节奏the tempo/the pace of life; a life of quick /fast pace R]Q4+  
61.   婴幼儿保健the infant health care Y Hv85y  
62.   安乐死euthanasia g{ cHh(S  
63.   得绝症的terminally ill 4%I(Z'*Cx  
64.   临终关怀=hospice care=end-of-life care ! ;U|^Tsuc`  
65.   濒临死亡的病人:dying patients,terminally ill patients,incurable patient -R;.Md_  
吸二手烟secondhand smoking ,also called “involuntary smoking” or “passive smoking”. x6ig,N~AO  
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