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主题 : 医学考博写作常用词汇选编
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楼主  发表于: 2014-10-12   
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医学考博写作常用词汇选编

一、与医学相关的写作常用词汇分类 /_NkB$&  
(一)医疗、医院、医生 <MPeh&_3#  
  1 、医生 r5f^WZ$-  
  ① doctor, medical worker %iK%$  
  ② physician 内科医生 > ]>0KQfO  
  ③ surgeon 外科医生 Hfh@<'NL]  
  ④ doctor in charge 主治医生 f:_=5e +  
  ⑤ intern 实习医生 8!Wfd)4=,F  
⑥ resident doctor 住院医生 jK3giT   
?cqicN.+6  
  2 、医院 JaH* rDs-  
  ① hospital >nc4v6s  
  The specialized hospital 专科医院 s9uL<$,'  
  The general hospital 普通医院 2~vo+ng  
  The community hospital 社区医院 t{+  M|Y  
  The public hospital 公立医院 77+ | #< J  
  The private hospital 私立医院 IM@"AD52a  
  ② clinc 门诊 [<_"`$sm=  
  Conventional clinic treatment普通门诊 v2IEJ  
  ③ ward 病房 K|`+C1!  
④ medical team 医疗队 (F/HU"C  
^Y$QR]  
3、 医疗手段 Bk&-1>cY  
(1)              drug therapy 药物治疗 3}08RU7[!  
(2)              medical treatment 医疗 6 4?Pfir6  
(3)              medical instruments 医疗器械 JRD8Lz]Q3  
(4)              diagnose (v) 诊断 (n) diagnosis :qBGe1Sv(  
(5)              prevent (v) 预防 ldK>HxM%Z  
(6)              sterilize (v) 消毒 | +yGY 785b  
(7)              administrate a drug 给药 =D{B}=D\IM  
(8)              prevent and treat disease (v) 预防和治疗疾病 {z=j_;<]  
(9)              TCM 中医 4 ^4d9?c  
(10)          chemotherapy 化疗 i[PvDv"n  
(11)          medical service 医疗服务 +a #lofhv  
(12)          complain of (v) 主述 <]~ZPk[  
(13)          health checkup 健康普查 \WcB9  
(14)          diagnosing and treating 诊断和治疗 CF\R<rF<VS  
(15)          consult the doctor(v) 咨询 ; <3lUV7!  
$.wA?`1aSk  
  4 、医疗体制 /oFc 03d  
  (1 )healthcare system 医疗体制 V>B'+b+<  
  (2 )medical disputes 医疗纠纷 4\\.n  
  (3 )medical accident 医疗事故 un6cD$cHr  
  (4 )the relationship between doctors and patients 医患关系 =rEA:Q`~w  
  (5 )medical insurance system 医疗保险体系 H/^B.5RYE>  
(6 )medical aid fund 医疗救助基金 6ga5^6W  
6%E~p0)i%  
  5 、医德 Q{[@`bZB  
  (1 )medical ethics 医德 b_|u<  
  (2 )patient-oriented 以病人为核心 zFywC-my@  
  (3 )humanistic 人道主义的  Ge^Qar  
  (4 )compassionate 富于同情性的 0Qp[\ia  
  (5 )considerate 体贴周到的 Y87XLvig}  
  (6 )resolute 果断的 +RS$5NLH  
  (7 )service quality 服务质量 Tm_8<$ 7  
(8 )to give top priority to the lives and health of people AWT"Y4Ie  
#uKWuGz]  
  6 、病人 (ND%}  
  (1 )patient bAiJn<  
  (2 )the sick hVM2/j  
  (3 )the invalid 88l,&2q  
  (4) sufferer . :a<2sp6  
   2m"_z  
(二)疾病 7Cy<mS  
  1 、 患病的表达方式 %i"}x/CD[  
  ⑴ suffer from (v ) =EpJZt  
  (2) contract (v ) PS@*qTin  
  (3) people with some disease 患病人群 J633uH}}  
(4) the people susceptible to some disease 易感某种疾病的人 M{E{NK  
hcyO97@r  
  2 、必知疾病名称 [l*;E f,  
  heart disease 心脏病 8TPN#"  
  hypertension 高血压 Qx t@ V  
  kidney problem 肾病 /:p8I6;  
  stroke 中风 +EkW>$  
    shock 休克 Qn|+eLY  
  the blood pressure 血压 p3yU:q#A  
  diabetes 糖尿病 78]gt J  
  obesity 肥胖 jg_n7  
  terminal illness 绝症 <3Gqv9Y&  
  incurable illness 不治之症 #SnvV  
  cancer 癌症 SaO3 zz@L  
  tumor 肿瘤 _~M^ uW^l  
  cancer of early stage 癌症晚期 8omC%a}9m  
  emergency case 急症 CDdkoajBa  
  serious illness 重症 LchnBtjn  
  the difficult and complicated cases 疑难病 !w2gGy:I>  
  short breath 短气 v>m n/a  
  syndrome 综合症 lddp^ #f  
  complications 并发症 DC:)Ysuj  
  process 病程 X?o( b/F -  
  bone loss 骨质疏松 z$[C#5+2  
short-sighted (adj)近视 TH?9< C-C  
>/^#Drwb!i  
  3、传染病 _MfD   
  (1) 感染源 e@n!x}t8  
  virus 病毒 bacteria 细菌 pest 害虫 channel and media 传染途径及媒介 shgAhx  
  (2 )传染疾病 \x+3f  
  some disease epidemic 传染性疾病 plague 鼠疫 _[K#O,D,  
  influenza (简)flu 流感 Q@QFV~  
  infection contagion 传染病 XDz5b.,  
  infectious diseases 传染病 +j[oEI`e  
  AIDS 艾滋病 $_X|, v 9  
  SARS f3tv3>p  
  (3) 传染 B'weok  
  epidemic (a) 流行的,传染的 )qU7`0'8  
  block the channel (v) R,_d1^|*w  
  disseminate 传播 -?a<qa?$  
cross infection 交叉感染 l]_=:)" ]  
>-)h|w i  
  5 、疾病、病痛 }e]f  
  illness & >JDPB?5  
  sickness .tXtcf/  
  disease 'vIx#k4D1  
  ailment Nt-<W+,  
suffering $u9]yiY.{  
=zg:aTMti  
  6 、疾病的转归 4)1;0,tlG  
  (1 )疾病的恢复 *cv}*D  
  recover recovery .ln8|;%  
  recuperate USPTpjt8R  
  resume ~H /2R  
  recruit !?FK  We  
  reinstate nCxAQ|P?  
  (2) 疾病的恶化 /SR^C$h'I  
  deteriorate I9y.e++/  
  aggravate @R2at  
  exasperate y2yKm1<Ru<  
  make worse ]B4}eBt5)@  
  worsen #`SD$;  
   4&X*pL2;  
    7、其他相关词汇 WE!v SZ3R  
  outbreak and spending 3:CO{=`\7B  
  break out (v) 疾病的爆发 % 4 ~l  
  spread (v) 疾病的扩散 -8Ti*:  
  the incidence of common diseases 常见病发生率 +|RB0}hFS-  
  taboo 禁忌 a }nbo4jK  
  speed up blood circulation (v) -=}3j&,\R  
  improve the cardiac functions (v) HK=[U9 o?  
  side effects 副反应 x5si70BKC/  
complain of 主述 E+xuWdp.*  
VM=+afY5M  
   yX/";Oe  
(三)药物 h#}YKWL  
  1 、药物名称 kJK,6mN  
  medicine ?w&SW{ I  
  drug Cpl;vQ  
  remedy >v5k{Cbp0  
  medicinal herbs !fkep=  
  power ||B;o-  
  tablet g[z.*y/  
pill GUB`| is^  
f^<6`Aeq  
  2 、药物用法 deX5yrvOie  
  开药 : Vd9@Dy  
  prescribe some medicine for some diseases 2ef;NC.&n  
  write out a proscription ^U7OMl4Usq  
  服药 $ItF])Bj5N  
  take a medicine r4 dOK] 0  
  治…的疾病 B/uniR^x  
a remedy for some diseases )hKS0`$|  
 q"  @  
3 、其他相关词汇 Q}AE.Ef@<  
  drug therapy 药物治疗 ctmQWrk|B  
  side effects 副反应 -#&kYK#Ph  
  drug abuse 药物滥用 (zo^Nn9VJ  
  drugstore 药房 N]/!mo?  
  over the counter 非处方药 vlWw3>4  
  drug allergy 药物过敏 =H]F`[B=  
  drug poisoning 药物中毒 ;."<m   
  prescription 处方 uYO|5a<f~  
  expenses for medicine 药费 0Ce]V,i6C>  
  charges for medicine n(Y%Vmy  
drug rebate 药品回扣 2-If]Fc  
p QE)p  
   ENh8kD l5  
(四)心理疾病 |KCOfVh?|.  
  1 、心理学专业词汇 =ZYThfAEw  
  subhealth 亚健康 B~WtZ-% %E  
  psychological benefits 心理健康 `\$8`Zb;  
  psychological problem 心理问题 1cN')"  
  psychological consultation 心理咨询 \y Hen|%  
  psychological obstacles 心理障碍 3- Bl  
  mental obstacles 心理障碍 K\! #4>yd  
  psychological massage 心理按摩 4 2) mM#  
  psychology 心理学/ 心理 4n( E;!s  
  psychotherapy 心理治疗 NC23Z0y  
psychological expert 心理专家 0NE{8O0;Fr  
lPq\=V  
  2 、情绪词汇 $Rtgr{ {;"  
  overcome Wsz0yHD[`  
  disappoint j.?:Gaab?#  
  disappointed 3x*z\VJ  
  shy , xp \S2@<  
  flush I+?hG6NM  
  frustration B&KL2&Z~Pq  
  failure GlYly5F  
  willpower )najO *n  
  optimism Fe=8O ^\  
  optimistic ?Hz2-Cn  
  be sensitive to >>'C :7+Y  
  nervous A*]$v  
  tensional wrv5V M}  
  sad agony pessimism pessimistic v|t{1 [C  
  confident confidence .(Y6$[#@  
  stress pressure Pe^ !$  
  depress depressed YcM;S  
  depression depressive 0{rx.C7|  
   ? Nj)6_&  
3 、疲劳相关词汇 H oy7RC&  
  fatigue tire (v) weariness (n) tired(a) exhausted(a) fatigued (a) weary ]#eh&jw  
   a -0cN 9  
(五)肥胖与营养 fj']?a!m  
  1 、营养物质 2W$lQ;iO  
  nutrient 营养素 WStnzVe  
  protein 蛋白质 bg7n  
  fat 脂肪 @z,*K_AKr  
  glucose 葡萄糖 wyQb5n2`;~  
  vitamin 维生素 fEqC] *s  
  sugar 糖类 ExhL[1E  
  heat calories quantity of heat 热量 ;bjnL>eW  
  carbohydrate 碳水化合物 Ol+Kp!ocY  
  soft drink beverage 软饮料 /^<en(0=P  
cholesterol胆固醇 *@M3p}',M  
"kSwa16O  
  2 、营养与饮食 rxE&fjW  
  a well-balanced diet 3E|;r _; 8  
  nutrition 营养 3 N%{B  
  nutritional 营养的 sBjXE>_#)  
esq<xuZM4  
二、医学写作其他常用词汇 lo:~aJ8  
g9V.13k  
1.       下降、减少 reduction,decrease,decline,diminution, drop,descend,go / come down,fall Y3o Mh,  
2.       上升、增加rise; go up; ascend;increase w-rOecwFvu  
3.       禽流感 H1N1 flu /  bird flu / avian flu; }98-5'u.X  
4.       食品安全 food safety eV;me>,  
5.       公共卫生突发事件public health emergencies 2ksA.,UB^9  
6.       应急反应 immediate response to qx%jAs+~  
7.       .关注民生 concern(focus on, pay attention to) people’s livelihood/well-being &>6IU dU+0dZdKO  
8.       城乡卫生体系urban-rural medical and health system rm|7 [mK  
9.       预防保健disease prevention and health care mw+j|{[  
10.   服务体系service system A BjZ>hhs!*  
11.   讲究卫生pay attention to hygiene -Enbcz(B  
12.   个人和环境卫生personal and environmental hygiene 9i. w%u5<  
13.   清淡的lite ~e^)q>Lb7(  
14.   蛋白添加饮食protein-complemented diet lU$X4JBzS  
15.   预防的措施preventive initiatives=preventive measures ^AN }su6izx   
16.   人畜共患病zoonosis=anthropozoonosis.人兽共患病 rw*M&qg!z  
17.   虫媒insect pollination; %UG/ak%z  
18.   虫媒传染病insect-borne /arthropod-borne infectious disease IUawdB5CB  
19.   肾病综合征nephritic/renal syndrome; fLM.k CD?u  
20.   爆发流行break out, explode; an epidemic outbreak of explosion ZgBckb  
21.   传染(及相关词):infect/infection/infectious, communicate/communicable, contagion/ contagious, transmission/transmittable;!" ua:9`+Dff  
22.   传播途径route of transmission, bird flu transmits by air/wind;person to person transmission /j %_t  
23.   传播,散布:diffuse,prevalence,spread,transmit,disseminate,propagate/ propagation{D ~2 Oc K  
24.   污染pollution/ pollute,contamination/contaminate Nh:4ys!P  
25.   福祉 well-being, happiness X|)Il8  
26.   衰老grow old;aging;senility;senile s gix>DHq$k  
27.   每况愈下from bad to worse Cz[5Ug'V  
28.   相似的akin to=similar to B3 .X}ys#  
29.   脓的,化脓的purulent – " c EvFY  
30.   脂肪肝fatty liver Gl"wEL*  
31.   血压 hypertension `.`FgaJ |  
32.   肠癌Cancer of Rectum and Colon l]>!`'sJL  
33.   亚健康 sub-health 8 Crg#6k1~EN  
34.   过劳死death from overwork [ ~QO< B2hS}  
35.   长期以来 for a long time ; over the years 0 BArJ"t*/z  
36.   养生preserve one's health; nourishing of life; keep in good health *Ji9%IA  
37.   分类 be divided into=fall into three categories=be grouped according to their origin, into three classes.=be categorized according to/be roughly classified into three kinds /O_0=MLp  
38.   基本职责=basic/ fundamental/essential/elementary duties/responsibilities/obligations w4aiI2KFq  
39.   基本原则fundamental principle/ rule, basic rule or principle 9QZ}Hn`p  
40.   道德morals, morality, ethics均含“道德”之意。morals多用于实践方面,指按习惯或社会公认的道德标准,尤指男女之间关系的道德。morality指符合道德标准的行为,或用道德标准衡量某事,既指社会的又指个人的道德。ethics多用于伦理方面,指符合于伦理学中所指的好的行为,常指公平正真地对人对事的品德。 H! #5!m&  
41.   民众the (general) public,the masses of the people,the common people 4a1BGNI%SW  
42.   合作者co-worker; collaborator; copartner; co-agent > `0| X  
43.   死亡人数death toll,deaths,the number of people killed in/dying from VrudR#q  
44.   .归结为 boil down to;come down to FfjC M7?  
45.   归因为/归功于 be attributable to,be attributed to,ascribe or attribute… to, owe…to ^Jn|*?+l  
46.   归咎于lay or put the blame on sb,blame…on,ascribe or attribute… to,impute… to vg5E/+4gp%  
47.   大规模on a large scale,extensive,large-scale,massive *:(1K %g  
48.   大规模流行 large-scale transmission,become a pandemic,massive attack/outbreak Y0rf9  
49.   表面上on the surface, apparently, ostensibly, superficial, seemingly Fr<Pe&dn  
50.   因果关系 cause-and-effect relationship, causal relationship/relations ZIDFF  
51.   孤立现象an isolated phenomenon 1RURZoL  
52.   复杂的complicated,complex,sophisticated,intricate dPRtN@3  
53.   极端复杂性extreme/ exceeding complexity/complicacy W;5N04ko  
54.   低保basic living allowances/subsistence allowances 20n%o&kG]8  
55.   养老保险 endowment insurance 7Zhli Y1  
56.   退休养老金retirement n Lax9 "xI  
57.   医疗改革health care reform T..-)kL+p  
58.   激烈运动strenuous exercise;vigorous activity pn+D@x#IA  
59.   月经期menstrual period S 4 3}qaf[  
60.   生活的节奏the tempo/the pace of life; a life of quick /fast pace K@I+]5E%?  
61.   婴幼儿保健the infant health care HW^{;'kH~  
62.   安乐死euthanasia x/pC%25  
63.   得绝症的terminally ill [''=><  
64.   临终关怀=hospice care=end-of-life care ! )kFme= ;  
65.   濒临死亡的病人:dying patients,terminally ill patients,incurable patient 0m qS A  
吸二手烟secondhand smoking ,also called “involuntary smoking” or “passive smoking”. rD_Ss.\^g  
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