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主题 : 医学考博写作常用词汇选编
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楼主  发表于: 2014-10-12   
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医学考博写作常用词汇选编

一、与医学相关的写作常用词汇分类 QRAw#  
(一)医疗、医院、医生 al{}p  
  1 、医生 W~2T/~M  
  ① doctor, medical worker Q4QF_um  
  ② physician 内科医生 M\)(_I)V=  
  ③ surgeon 外科医生 CZ}%\2>-v  
  ④ doctor in charge 主治医生 2y@y<38  
  ⑤ intern 实习医生 CT#u+]T  
⑥ resident doctor 住院医生 LL7un_EC  
/4bHN:I]M  
  2 、医院 kbKGGn4u  
  ① hospital :?J0e4.]  
  The specialized hospital 专科医院 _~a5;[~  
  The general hospital 普通医院 vu=`s|R  
  The community hospital 社区医院 /I@Dv?  
  The public hospital 公立医院 1 -:{&!  
  The private hospital 私立医院 $hE,BeQ  
  ② clinc 门诊 c/ s$*"  
  Conventional clinic treatment普通门诊 8V(-S,  
  ③ ward 病房 NkL>ru!b9  
④ medical team 医疗队 -wUw)gJbM  
3_cZaru  
3、 医疗手段 jO+#$=C  
(1)              drug therapy 药物治疗 YpwMfl4  
(2)              medical treatment 医疗 -naoM  
(3)              medical instruments 医疗器械 U5pg<xI  
(4)              diagnose (v) 诊断 (n) diagnosis fkW TO"f-  
(5)              prevent (v) 预防 F` "bMS  
(6)              sterilize (v) 消毒 | 0Er;l|  
(7)              administrate a drug 给药 "j] r   
(8)              prevent and treat disease (v) 预防和治疗疾病 t) h { w"v  
(9)              TCM 中医 g_2EH  
(10)          chemotherapy 化疗 dlB?/J<  
(11)          medical service 医疗服务 kjOPsz*0  
(12)          complain of (v) 主述 PS3%V_2  
(13)          health checkup 健康普查 .GH#`j  
(14)          diagnosing and treating 诊断和治疗 R7 j'XU  
(15)          consult the doctor(v) 咨询 ; [S#QGB19  
Wi3S t`$  
  4 、医疗体制 6nP-IKL  
  (1 )healthcare system 医疗体制 ;0 No@G;z  
  (2 )medical disputes 医疗纠纷 s%p,cz; ,  
  (3 )medical accident 医疗事故 B9Y*'hmI  
  (4 )the relationship between doctors and patients 医患关系 oA'LQ  
  (5 )medical insurance system 医疗保险体系 3Sclr/t  
(6 )medical aid fund 医疗救助基金 r"aJ&~8::W  
Y,;$RV@g  
  5 、医德 xY,W[?3CY  
  (1 )medical ethics 医德 [>y0Xf9^  
  (2 )patient-oriented 以病人为核心 Pe<}kS m4  
  (3 )humanistic 人道主义的 k6mC_  
  (4 )compassionate 富于同情性的 yB~` A>~M  
  (5 )considerate 体贴周到的 LtIw{* 3  
  (6 )resolute 果断的 dOfEEqPI  
  (7 )service quality 服务质量 k~+(X|!5w  
(8 )to give top priority to the lives and health of people |wYOO(!  
{:m%n-  
  6 、病人 4EtP|  
  (1 )patient >nA6w$  
  (2 )the sick dD{{G :V  
  (3 )the invalid map#4\  
  (4) sufferer A0>u9Bn"Qw  
   JE$aYs<(TF  
(二)疾病 RHOEyXhOA  
  1 、 患病的表达方式 Y::I_6[eV  
  ⑴ suffer from (v ) ,&X7D]  
  (2) contract (v ) yu>DVD  
  (3) people with some disease 患病人群 eJv_`#R&Of  
(4) the people susceptible to some disease 易感某种疾病的人 z%cpV{Nu  
ci~pM<+  
  2 、必知疾病名称 DL:wiQ  
  heart disease 心脏病 ^Cm9[1p  
  hypertension 高血压 yS)73s/MrY  
  kidney problem 肾病 qbwX*E~ ;  
  stroke 中风 ![ OKmy  
    shock 休克 =ZaTD-%id  
  the blood pressure 血压 viP.G/(\]  
  diabetes 糖尿病 }%;o#!<N(@  
  obesity 肥胖 uR:@7n  
  terminal illness 绝症 vA r fsgk  
  incurable illness 不治之症 -/O_wqm#  
  cancer 癌症 D nZkZ;E/  
  tumor 肿瘤 \UF/_'=K  
  cancer of early stage 癌症晚期 #EO@< > I  
  emergency case 急症 Tf bB1  
  serious illness 重症 <Xsy{7  
  the difficult and complicated cases 疑难病 dV( "g],  
  short breath 短气 *88Q6=Mm  
  syndrome 综合症 (zO)J`z>  
  complications 并发症 k\qF> =  
  process 病程 007(k"=oV  
  bone loss 骨质疏松 [K\Vc9  
short-sighted (adj)近视 j<HBzqP%6  
#'@pL0dj  
  3、传染病 sr=~U q{g  
  (1) 感染源 @]rl2Qqe  
  virus 病毒 bacteria 细菌 pest 害虫 channel and media 传染途径及媒介 3Dd"qON!  
  (2 )传染疾病 ;!ICLkc$  
  some disease epidemic 传染性疾病 plague 鼠疫 E=-ed9({:  
  influenza (简)flu 流感 'K L" i  
  infection contagion 传染病 =41g9UQ  
  infectious diseases 传染病 /*zngp @  
  AIDS 艾滋病 h2b,(  
  SARS X#|B*t34  
  (3) 传染 v/fo`]zP  
  epidemic (a) 流行的,传染的 /Vg=+FEO  
  block the channel (v) n7J6YtUwP  
  disseminate 传播 ?>p (*  
cross infection 交叉感染 e|t@"MxvC  
","O8'$OC  
  5 、疾病、病痛 Aa.eu=@I  
  illness J@Qt(rRxi  
  sickness klwC.=?(j"  
  disease 1[; 7Ay  
  ailment )2tDX=D  
suffering <Va7XX%>  
,R-T( <r  
  6 、疾病的转归 _V.MmA  
  (1 )疾病的恢复 8(6(,WwP}  
  recover recovery u n)YK  
  recuperate g+X .8>=  
  resume d7f{2  
  recruit XtJIaD|:3  
  reinstate yobcAV`  
  (2) 疾病的恶化 >l0y ss)I  
  deteriorate Sj[iKCEKtv  
  aggravate tFi'RRZ  
  exasperate | #>:@{X<  
  make worse )w t mc4'  
  worsen KBe\)Vs  
   .Wr%l $~  
    7、其他相关词汇 E .'v,GYe  
  outbreak and spending mB.j?@Y%  
  break out (v) 疾病的爆发 t1Zcr#b>  
  spread (v) 疾病的扩散 3w>S?"W#  
  the incidence of common diseases 常见病发生率 X0}+X'3  
  taboo 禁忌 6H#4iMeh  
  speed up blood circulation (v) 6w"_sK?  
  improve the cardiac functions (v) }%T8?d]  
  side effects 副反应 S{0iPdUC  
complain of 主述 BM vGw  
<27:O,I  
    Fhk 8  
(三)药物 <TDp8t9bU  
  1 、药物名称 7eR%zNDa  
  medicine TdCC,/c 3  
  drug UyUz_6J  
  remedy HkL:3 E.  
  medicinal herbs v|7=IJ  
  power nj (\+l5  
  tablet Rt9S  
pill PsMp &~^  
'Zket=Sm;  
  2 、药物用法 7:S4 Ur  
  开药 : gic!yhsS_  
  prescribe some medicine for some diseases XzD+#+By  
  write out a proscription mWP1mc:M(  
  服药 _X6@.sM/2  
  take a medicine nkxv,_)ZT  
  治…的疾病 JnY.]:  
a remedy for some diseases h6(\ tRd!\  
/)-OK7x  
3 、其他相关词汇 G(fS__z  
  drug therapy 药物治疗 Sp]u5\  
  side effects 副反应 }I3m8A  
  drug abuse 药物滥用 sq45fRAi  
  drugstore 药房 )7jJ3G*  
  over the counter 非处方药 np6R\Q!&  
  drug allergy 药物过敏 B4M rrW4=  
  drug poisoning 药物中毒 :AYhBhitC  
  prescription 处方 &~K4I  
  expenses for medicine 药费 crbph.0  
  charges for medicine G&z^AV  
drug rebate 药品回扣 {~"fq.h!M  
xa[)fk$6  
   s J{J@/5  
(四)心理疾病 V=de3k&p  
  1 、心理学专业词汇 E'cI}q  
  subhealth 亚健康 $V\Dl]a1  
  psychological benefits 心理健康 Ow50M;E  
  psychological problem 心理问题 ;W?mQUo:P8  
  psychological consultation 心理咨询 {XEX0|TZ  
  psychological obstacles 心理障碍 ^r@,(r6w  
  mental obstacles 心理障碍 NA!?.zn  
  psychological massage 心理按摩 &hcD/*_Z  
  psychology 心理学/ 心理 <  UD90}  
  psychotherapy 心理治疗 1}Th@Vq  
psychological expert 心理专家 \k9]c3V  
@gnLY  
  2 、情绪词汇 odTa 2$O  
  overcome -nQ(.#-n  
  disappoint pCC3 r t(  
  disappointed A=+1PgL66  
  shy , ]YrgkC35  
  flush rtdEIk  
  frustration ENy$sS6[D  
  failure yioX^`Fc(~  
  willpower GmH`ip i  
  optimism &EhOSu  
  optimistic NpH9}, 1i  
  be sensitive to %)w7t[A2D  
  nervous *RmD%[f  
  tensional YQ>O6:%  
  sad agony pessimism pessimistic #wZbG|%  
  confident confidence a Z8f>t1Q  
  stress pressure &ZL4/e  
  depress depressed }yaM.+8.  
  depression depressive i3cMRcS;  
   pf&U$oR4  
3 、疲劳相关词汇 '=(D7F;  
  fatigue tire (v) weariness (n) tired(a) exhausted(a) fatigued (a) weary 7AF6aog  
   7- |N&u  
(五)肥胖与营养 Myf2"\}  
  1 、营养物质 LK<ZF=z]Z  
  nutrient 营养素 'vV+Wu#[  
  protein 蛋白质 x *a_43`  
  fat 脂肪 IP^1ca#<  
  glucose 葡萄糖 <Y"HC a{  
  vitamin 维生素 c`/kx  
  sugar 糖类 ';m;K (g  
  heat calories quantity of heat 热量 J&bMox  
  carbohydrate 碳水化合物 )d>Dcne  
  soft drink beverage 软饮料 >`<qa!9  
cholesterol胆固醇 U,lO{J[T  
fNV-_^,R9  
  2 、营养与饮食 o*3\xg  
  a well-balanced diet "-\8Y>E  
  nutrition 营养 BY':R-~(  
  nutritional 营养的 _YN C}PUU  
c< sq0('`  
二、医学写作其他常用词汇 C=bQ2t=Z  
39d$B'"<1  
1.       下降、减少 reduction,decrease,decline,diminution, drop,descend,go / come down,fall iba8G]2  
2.       上升、增加rise; go up; ascend;increase "bz.nE*  
3.       禽流感 H1N1 flu /  bird flu / avian flu; AW'$5 NF>  
4.       食品安全 food safety ""m/?TZq'  
5.       公共卫生突发事件public health emergencies 7X>*B~(R  
6.       应急反应 immediate response to N36B*9m&p  
7.       .关注民生 concern(focus on, pay attention to) people’s livelihood/well-being &>6IU NErvX/qK  
8.       城乡卫生体系urban-rural medical and health system A-*MH#QUKh  
9.       预防保健disease prevention and health care 7I*rtc&Kb  
10.   服务体系service system A <sX_hIA^Fx  
11.   讲究卫生pay attention to hygiene Qwp2h"t`  
12.   个人和环境卫生personal and environmental hygiene 9i. ],vid1E  
13.   清淡的lite F"QJ)F  
14.   蛋白添加饮食protein-complemented diet YN~1.!F  
15.   预防的措施preventive initiatives=preventive measures ^AN J4s`U/F  
16.   人畜共患病zoonosis=anthropozoonosis.人兽共患病 MO|Pv j~[  
17.   虫媒insect pollination; GIfs]zVr`  
18.   虫媒传染病insect-borne /arthropod-borne infectious disease foB&H;A4oC  
19.   肾病综合征nephritic/renal syndrome; +{}p(9w@  
20.   爆发流行break out, explode; an epidemic outbreak of explosion 4q(,uk&R[  
21.   传染(及相关词):infect/infection/infectious, communicate/communicable, contagion/ contagious, transmission/transmittable;!" eR/X9<  
22.   传播途径route of transmission, bird flu transmits by air/wind;person to person transmission g|h;*  
23.   传播,散布:diffuse,prevalence,spread,transmit,disseminate,propagate/ propagation{D bJk FCI/  
24.   污染pollution/ pollute,contamination/contaminate ;bL?uL  
25.   福祉 well-being, happiness .y0u"@iF  
26.   衰老grow old;aging;senility;senile s -y[y.#o  
27.   每况愈下from bad to worse ;Wsl 'e/  
28.   相似的akin to=similar to C4t~k  
29.   脓的,化脓的purulent – i8DYC=r  
30.   脂肪肝fatty liver j 2 0m Z  
31.   血压 hypertension 9>ZX@1]m_  
32.   肠癌Cancer of Rectum and Colon )i\foSbB`V  
33.   亚健康 sub-health 8 (a~V<v"  
34.   过劳死death from overwork [ ]BTISaL-R  
35.   长期以来 for a long time ; over the years 0 Mko,((>I1  
36.   养生preserve one's health; nourishing of life; keep in good health ''k}3o.K[  
37.   分类 be divided into=fall into three categories=be grouped according to their origin, into three classes.=be categorized according to/be roughly classified into three kinds VTi; y{  
38.   基本职责=basic/ fundamental/essential/elementary duties/responsibilities/obligations NH1ak(zHW  
39.   基本原则fundamental principle/ rule, basic rule or principle LmUR@ /V Q  
40.   道德morals, morality, ethics均含“道德”之意。morals多用于实践方面,指按习惯或社会公认的道德标准,尤指男女之间关系的道德。morality指符合道德标准的行为,或用道德标准衡量某事,既指社会的又指个人的道德。ethics多用于伦理方面,指符合于伦理学中所指的好的行为,常指公平正真地对人对事的品德。 mXM U  
41.   民众the (general) public,the masses of the people,the common people E~8J<g E  
42.   合作者co-worker; collaborator; copartner; co-agent -qLNs_ _k  
43.   死亡人数death toll,deaths,the number of people killed in/dying from qQS&K%F  
44.   .归结为 boil down to;come down to L:jv%;DM  
45.   归因为/归功于 be attributable to,be attributed to,ascribe or attribute… to, owe…to 1-R4A7+3  
46.   归咎于lay or put the blame on sb,blame…on,ascribe or attribute… to,impute… to h(^[WSa  
47.   大规模on a large scale,extensive,large-scale,massive #jg3Ku;Y  
48.   大规模流行 large-scale transmission,become a pandemic,massive attack/outbreak JqEo~]E]  
49.   表面上on the surface, apparently, ostensibly, superficial, seemingly B<~BX [  
50.   因果关系 cause-and-effect relationship, causal relationship/relations ? :F Jc[J  
51.   孤立现象an isolated phenomenon ;:bnLSPo  
52.   复杂的complicated,complex,sophisticated,intricate t~Ic{%bdA  
53.   极端复杂性extreme/ exceeding complexity/complicacy ~Q=^YZgn8  
54.   低保basic living allowances/subsistence allowances ntZH O}'  
55.   养老保险 endowment insurance } OkK@8?0O  
56.   退休养老金retirement n lnV!Xuf  
57.   医疗改革health care reform cWI7];/d;  
58.   激烈运动strenuous exercise;vigorous activity %B| Ca&  
59.   月经期menstrual period S 3:b5#c?R-  
60.   生活的节奏the tempo/the pace of life; a life of quick /fast pace U{HBmSR  
61.   婴幼儿保健the infant health care <_4'So>  
62.   安乐死euthanasia E FBvi  
63.   得绝症的terminally ill \u6/nvZ]N  
64.   临终关怀=hospice care=end-of-life care ! (T",6xBSG  
65.   濒临死亡的病人:dying patients,terminally ill patients,incurable patient #jw%0H;l]  
吸二手烟secondhand smoking ,also called “involuntary smoking” or “passive smoking”. q]y{ 4"=5  
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