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主题 : 医学考博写作常用词汇选编
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楼主  发表于: 2014-10-12   
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医学考博写作常用词汇选编

一、与医学相关的写作常用词汇分类 |Ix6D  
(一)医疗、医院、医生 G_5sF|(mq  
  1 、医生 iMx+y5O  
  ① doctor, medical worker `'Ta=kd3  
  ② physician 内科医生 ^FgNg'"[3  
  ③ surgeon 外科医生 N-^\X3X  
  ④ doctor in charge 主治医生 {#QFDA  
  ⑤ intern 实习医生 w GZ(bKyO  
⑥ resident doctor 住院医生 {EJVZG:&  
:'y  
  2 、医院 $ajw]2kx  
  ① hospital ~b\7 qx_a9  
  The specialized hospital 专科医院 p8s2#+/  
  The general hospital 普通医院 xHsH .f_{  
  The community hospital 社区医院 ?d+B]VYw  
  The public hospital 公立医院 ]p'Qk  
  The private hospital 私立医院 HKOJkbVZ2^  
  ② clinc 门诊 QX%m4K/a  
  Conventional clinic treatment普通门诊 TG?;o/  
  ③ ward 病房 D\ ({]oj]  
④ medical team 医疗队 ;x^&@G8W`  
lG# &Pv>-  
3、 医疗手段 ) 2S0OY.  
(1)              drug therapy 药物治疗 )\mklM9Z  
(2)              medical treatment 医疗 rA=F:N 2  
(3)              medical instruments 医疗器械 7/Lbs  
(4)              diagnose (v) 诊断 (n) diagnosis l^$:R~gS  
(5)              prevent (v) 预防 XQj`KUO@  
(6)              sterilize (v) 消毒 | YY7:WQS  
(7)              administrate a drug 给药 2gt08\  
(8)              prevent and treat disease (v) 预防和治疗疾病 0RoI`>j'  
(9)              TCM 中医 $Z{ fKr  
(10)          chemotherapy 化疗 ,?&hqM\  
(11)          medical service 医疗服务 $Fr2oSTT)  
(12)          complain of (v) 主述 |:!0`p{R  
(13)          health checkup 健康普查 ;/oMH/,U8  
(14)          diagnosing and treating 诊断和治疗 O')Ivm,E  
(15)          consult the doctor(v) 咨询 ; bO2$0!=I  
[j93Mp  
  4 、医疗体制 @Wx_4LOhf  
  (1 )healthcare system 医疗体制 ~]"}s(J;  
  (2 )medical disputes 医疗纠纷 TP^.]I O-  
  (3 )medical accident 医疗事故 =z=Guvcn`  
  (4 )the relationship between doctors and patients 医患关系 (5yg\3Jvp  
  (5 )medical insurance system 医疗保险体系 i}wu+<Mk  
(6 )medical aid fund 医疗救助基金 2o\\qEYg  
a[(n91J0  
  5 、医德 3[V|C=u0  
  (1 )medical ethics 医德 R8],}6,;E}  
  (2 )patient-oriented 以病人为核心 l>qCT  
  (3 )humanistic 人道主义的 hlUF9}  
  (4 )compassionate 富于同情性的 q!AS}rV  
  (5 )considerate 体贴周到的 tS!~> X  
  (6 )resolute 果断的 3}h&/KN{  
  (7 )service quality 服务质量 CiMy_`H  
(8 )to give top priority to the lives and health of people cA/2,i  
I) Y$?"  
  6 、病人 g` h>:5]  
  (1 )patient .qVdo+M%F  
  (2 )the sick ;<MaCtDt  
  (3 )the invalid _aD x('  
  (4) sufferer Cog:6Gnw  
   F8=6!Qj  
(二)疾病 )E4COw+  
  1 、 患病的表达方式 IvO3*{k ,  
  ⑴ suffer from (v ) -_314j=`/  
  (2) contract (v ) st+Kz uK  
  (3) people with some disease 患病人群 XBr>K> (  
(4) the people susceptible to some disease 易感某种疾病的人 I+<`}  
qkBnEPWZy  
  2 、必知疾病名称 F;_;lRAb  
  heart disease 心脏病 J`x9 XWYw  
  hypertension 高血压 t6"4+:c!>  
  kidney problem 肾病 }YSH8d  
  stroke 中风 R1 wd Q8q  
    shock 休克 ILVbbC`D  
  the blood pressure 血压 Fj&vWj`*  
  diabetes 糖尿病 P`oR-D  
  obesity 肥胖 >N3{*W  
  terminal illness 绝症 ze ua`jQ  
  incurable illness 不治之症 u( o@_6  
  cancer 癌症 s=d?}.E$  
  tumor 肿瘤 FE5R ^W#u-  
  cancer of early stage 癌症晚期 MUo?ajbqOd  
  emergency case 急症 awawq9) Y  
  serious illness 重症 JBYQ7SsAS0  
  the difficult and complicated cases 疑难病 2MC\~"L<  
  short breath 短气 iKK=A.g  
  syndrome 综合症 EtL=_D-  
  complications 并发症 $wN.~"T  
  process 病程 ^*r${Nj  
  bone loss 骨质疏松 8t^"1ND  
short-sighted (adj)近视 zZRqb/20  
v_ J.M]  
  3、传染病 *[U:'o `67  
  (1) 感染源 z6!X+`&  
  virus 病毒 bacteria 细菌 pest 害虫 channel and media 传染途径及媒介 Q,4F=b  
  (2 )传染疾病 mA."*)8VNg  
  some disease epidemic 传染性疾病 plague 鼠疫 =#u2Rx%V  
  influenza (简)flu 流感 (r |T&'yK  
  infection contagion 传染病 L=p.@VSZ  
  infectious diseases 传染病 \xdt |:8  
  AIDS 艾滋病 EW!$D  
  SARS pqs)ueu  
  (3) 传染 =UV?Pi*M>  
  epidemic (a) 流行的,传染的 YO Y+z\Q  
  block the channel (v) Y}Dp {  
  disseminate 传播 dbLX}>  
cross infection 交叉感染 ,VZ&Gc  
^DH*@M  
  5 、疾病、病痛 k@~-|\ooG  
  illness 2 9]8[Z,4  
  sickness zm:=d>D..  
  disease 1Q%.-vs  
  ailment (H F,p,h_  
suffering :}-u`K*  
U&5zs r  
  6 、疾病的转归 WU4i-@Bm8  
  (1 )疾病的恢复 mx[^LaR>v  
  recover recovery @r43F$bcqo  
  recuperate $P-m6  
  resume =, 0a3D6b  
  recruit S3'g(+S  
  reinstate NQJqS?^W&M  
  (2) 疾病的恶化 VqrMi *W6  
  deteriorate V[M#qZS  
  aggravate `|w#K28t"  
  exasperate <f6PULm  
  make worse ZX;k*OrW  
  worsen O}-7 V5  
   {t:N D  
    7、其他相关词汇 Ltw7b  
  outbreak and spending 6y_Z'@L  
  break out (v) 疾病的爆发 E?mp6R]}%  
  spread (v) 疾病的扩散 ?<?C*W_  
  the incidence of common diseases 常见病发生率 /vDF<HVzm  
  taboo 禁忌 =.oWguzu  
  speed up blood circulation (v) I0v n d7  
  improve the cardiac functions (v) m#$za7  
  side effects 副反应 #6jwCEo=V  
complain of 主述 -l@W)?$  
`_A? a_[*  
   *UoHzaIqz  
(三)药物 -!>ZATL<B  
  1 、药物名称 U_;J.{n  
  medicine .GN$H>')  
  drug %`'z^W  
  remedy K=?F3tX^  
  medicinal herbs idS RWa  
  power Qz(T[H5%W  
  tablet %Dls36F  
pill R(83E B~_  
/)?P>!#;\  
  2 、药物用法 P&3/nL$9N  
  开药 : ;u};& sm  
  prescribe some medicine for some diseases E D^rWE_  
  write out a proscription AV 5\W}  
  服药 1R%`i '$/  
  take a medicine $%%>n ^??  
  治…的疾病 !8@rK$DB  
a remedy for some diseases RvSq KW8  
-Bo~"q  
3 、其他相关词汇 #f3;}1(  
  drug therapy 药物治疗 +#uNQ`1v  
  side effects 副反应 b({Nf,(a2  
  drug abuse 药物滥用 >@^yj+k  
  drugstore 药房 -j`!(IJ  
  over the counter 非处方药 RQpIBsj  
  drug allergy 药物过敏 TjUZv1(L  
  drug poisoning 药物中毒 HA9Nr.NqC@  
  prescription 处方 nKh%E-c  
  expenses for medicine 药费 =,d* {m~A  
  charges for medicine BgkB x  
drug rebate 药品回扣 Oh/b?|imG  
MLt'YW^  
   `\ef0  
(四)心理疾病 '9 *|N=  
  1 、心理学专业词汇 5fegWCJ  
  subhealth 亚健康 YBtq0c  
  psychological benefits 心理健康 2E3?0DL",  
  psychological problem 心理问题 jom} _  
  psychological consultation 心理咨询 M9Nk=s! 3  
  psychological obstacles 心理障碍 hY.e[+  
  mental obstacles 心理障碍 )l#%.Z9  
  psychological massage 心理按摩 CGd[3}"  
  psychology 心理学/ 心理 *(d6Z#  
  psychotherapy 心理治疗 f@! fW&  
psychological expert 心理专家 <78$]Z2we  
%tzN@  
  2 、情绪词汇 ?qg^WDs$  
  overcome !fi &@k  
  disappoint z^gQ\\,4  
  disappointed }uF[Ra  
  shy , x|@1 wQ" 6  
  flush s[G |q5n  
  frustration L$Hx?^3  
  failure @-wNrW$  
  willpower Io$w|~x  
  optimism Sf  024  
  optimistic @Jb@L  
  be sensitive to zmrQf/y{R  
  nervous Q `.'-iq  
  tensional >Z#uFt0<Pm  
  sad agony pessimism pessimistic 5h`m]#YEG  
  confident confidence = EQN-{#  
  stress pressure H$z>OS_6U  
  depress depressed Op`I;Q #%d  
  depression depressive ![*:.CW  
   o3Mf:;2cC  
3 、疲劳相关词汇 $Y8>_6%+T  
  fatigue tire (v) weariness (n) tired(a) exhausted(a) fatigued (a) weary @GN(]t&3  
   oR*ztM  
(五)肥胖与营养 EzR%w*F>Q  
  1 、营养物质 ?qju DD  
  nutrient 营养素 OENzG~  
  protein 蛋白质 an3~'g?  
  fat 脂肪 %tT"`%(+  
  glucose 葡萄糖 T>d\%*Q+B  
  vitamin 维生素 h,^BC^VU9-  
  sugar 糖类 dZPW2yf  
  heat calories quantity of heat 热量 hT?6sWa  
  carbohydrate 碳水化合物 %1Yz'AiW[  
  soft drink beverage 软饮料 =v.{JV#  
cholesterol胆固醇 DhZ:#mM{  
Eu|sWdmf l  
  2 、营养与饮食 rvW!7 -R  
  a well-balanced diet e|yX QTlvL  
  nutrition 营养 KacR?Al  
  nutritional 营养的 vB^uxdt|m  
^V[/(Lq  
二、医学写作其他常用词汇 Re>AsnA[  
+#4]o }6G  
1.       下降、减少 reduction,decrease,decline,diminution, drop,descend,go / come down,fall 4CLsY n?  
2.       上升、增加rise; go up; ascend;increase 7AFE-'S  
3.       禽流感 H1N1 flu /  bird flu / avian flu; Bz?l{4".  
4.       食品安全 food safety S.{fDcM  
5.       公共卫生突发事件public health emergencies Y,C=@t@_  
6.       应急反应 immediate response to y,Jh@n';|  
7.       .关注民生 concern(focus on, pay attention to) people’s livelihood/well-being &>6IU +]c/&Xo!  
8.       城乡卫生体系urban-rural medical and health system PY?8 [A+  
9.       预防保健disease prevention and health care .jA\f:u#  
10.   服务体系service system A qe?Qeh(!X  
11.   讲究卫生pay attention to hygiene } ~| k  
12.   个人和环境卫生personal and environmental hygiene 9i. yG\UW&P  
13.   清淡的lite )n( Q  
14.   蛋白添加饮食protein-complemented diet =Q-k'=6\  
15.   预防的措施preventive initiatives=preventive measures ^AN m[spn@SF  
16.   人畜共患病zoonosis=anthropozoonosis.人兽共患病 dy<27=  
17.   虫媒insect pollination; `N}d}O8   
18.   虫媒传染病insect-borne /arthropod-borne infectious disease zPR8f-Uvw  
19.   肾病综合征nephritic/renal syndrome; ?DPHo)w  
20.   爆发流行break out, explode; an epidemic outbreak of explosion ~EEs} i  
21.   传染(及相关词):infect/infection/infectious, communicate/communicable, contagion/ contagious, transmission/transmittable;!" v>H=,.`0\  
22.   传播途径route of transmission, bird flu transmits by air/wind;person to person transmission $e }n  
23.   传播,散布:diffuse,prevalence,spread,transmit,disseminate,propagate/ propagation{D yS!(Ap  
24.   污染pollution/ pollute,contamination/contaminate oZN'H T  
25.   福祉 well-being, happiness 'N\&<dT>  
26.   衰老grow old;aging;senility;senile s o_f-GO  
27.   每况愈下from bad to worse G>w+#{(  
28.   相似的akin to=similar to l+zb~  
29.   脓的,化脓的purulent – ]a?bzOr,  
30.   脂肪肝fatty liver j+kC-U;  
31.   血压 hypertension 8]bz( P#  
32.   肠癌Cancer of Rectum and Colon P|xG\3@Z  
33.   亚健康 sub-health 8 M:n6BC>t"  
34.   过劳死death from overwork [ S_ b/DO  
35.   长期以来 for a long time ; over the years 0 6B" egYv  
36.   养生preserve one's health; nourishing of life; keep in good health N|K4{Frm  
37.   分类 be divided into=fall into three categories=be grouped according to their origin, into three classes.=be categorized according to/be roughly classified into three kinds TTZe$>f  
38.   基本职责=basic/ fundamental/essential/elementary duties/responsibilities/obligations n?xTkkr0  
39.   基本原则fundamental principle/ rule, basic rule or principle _mJG 5(|  
40.   道德morals, morality, ethics均含“道德”之意。morals多用于实践方面,指按习惯或社会公认的道德标准,尤指男女之间关系的道德。morality指符合道德标准的行为,或用道德标准衡量某事,既指社会的又指个人的道德。ethics多用于伦理方面,指符合于伦理学中所指的好的行为,常指公平正真地对人对事的品德。 !yJICjXj  
41.   民众the (general) public,the masses of the people,the common people Z9K})47T  
42.   合作者co-worker; collaborator; copartner; co-agent Q.Aa{d9e  
43.   死亡人数death toll,deaths,the number of people killed in/dying from s{}]D{bc  
44.   .归结为 boil down to;come down to FwG!>  
45.   归因为/归功于 be attributable to,be attributed to,ascribe or attribute… to, owe…to /M=3X||  
46.   归咎于lay or put the blame on sb,blame…on,ascribe or attribute… to,impute… to vScjq5 "p  
47.   大规模on a large scale,extensive,large-scale,massive 2C=Q8ayvX  
48.   大规模流行 large-scale transmission,become a pandemic,massive attack/outbreak  ZDt?j   
49.   表面上on the surface, apparently, ostensibly, superficial, seemingly -ijC_`>  
50.   因果关系 cause-and-effect relationship, causal relationship/relations .; Q:p*  
51.   孤立现象an isolated phenomenon 646JDX[o  
52.   复杂的complicated,complex,sophisticated,intricate EGVM)ur  
53.   极端复杂性extreme/ exceeding complexity/complicacy |nUl\WRd\  
54.   低保basic living allowances/subsistence allowances }G V X>p  
55.   养老保险 endowment insurance YHXLv#8  
56.   退休养老金retirement n % Zjdl  
57.   医疗改革health care reform r6Aneg7  
58.   激烈运动strenuous exercise;vigorous activity nh+l7 8  
59.   月经期menstrual period S Kn`M4 O  
60.   生活的节奏the tempo/the pace of life; a life of quick /fast pace > L2HET  
61.   婴幼儿保健the infant health care I:cg}JZ>|  
62.   安乐死euthanasia /YAJbr  
63.   得绝症的terminally ill 2,q}N q  
64.   临终关怀=hospice care=end-of-life care ! zAzP,1$?  
65.   濒临死亡的病人:dying patients,terminally ill patients,incurable patient FS6`6M.K  
吸二手烟secondhand smoking ,also called “involuntary smoking” or “passive smoking”. 2_^aw[-  
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