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主题 : 医学考博写作常用词汇选编
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楼主  发表于: 2014-10-12   
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医学考博写作常用词汇选编

一、与医学相关的写作常用词汇分类 0'BR Sa<  
(一)医疗、医院、医生 YcRjbF,|6  
  1 、医生 9qQ_#$Vv  
  ① doctor, medical worker `z5j  
  ② physician 内科医生 |mk$W$h  
  ③ surgeon 外科医生 )J~Q x-jG  
  ④ doctor in charge 主治医生 8,dCx}X  
  ⑤ intern 实习医生 yql+N[  
⑥ resident doctor 住院医生 }[D~#Z!k  
/ )5B  
  2 、医院 ^;W,:y&  
  ① hospital _rs!6tp  
  The specialized hospital 专科医院 A>7'W\R  
  The general hospital 普通医院 RJF1~9  
  The community hospital 社区医院 nsw.\(#  
  The public hospital 公立医院 ]wa?~;1^&  
  The private hospital 私立医院 ?h K+h.{  
  ② clinc 门诊 "M_X9n_  
  Conventional clinic treatment普通门诊 O~fRcf:Q  
  ③ ward 病房 ( M.Sl  
④ medical team 医疗队  `U(A 5  
3iH!;`i  
3、 医疗手段 C&<f YCwG  
(1)              drug therapy 药物治疗 YaSwn3i/@S  
(2)              medical treatment 医疗 8"8sI  
(3)              medical instruments 医疗器械 ,E)bS7W  
(4)              diagnose (v) 诊断 (n) diagnosis $vGl Z<3g  
(5)              prevent (v) 预防 'cH),~ z  
(6)              sterilize (v) 消毒 | ET=q 1t8  
(7)              administrate a drug 给药 BR5$;-7W  
(8)              prevent and treat disease (v) 预防和治疗疾病 Qkr'C n  
(9)              TCM 中医 [u)^Q gP  
(10)          chemotherapy 化疗 H[]j6D  
(11)          medical service 医疗服务 ;M"hX  
(12)          complain of (v) 主述 TrkoLJmB  
(13)          health checkup 健康普查 P>4(+s  
(14)          diagnosing and treating 诊断和治疗 tJHzhH)  
(15)          consult the doctor(v) 咨询 ; l<7 b  
3@ay9!Xq  
  4 、医疗体制 ix7N q7!N  
  (1 )healthcare system 医疗体制 Q CfA3*  
  (2 )medical disputes 医疗纠纷 ##k== 'dR  
  (3 )medical accident 医疗事故 {T:2+iS9:  
  (4 )the relationship between doctors and patients 医患关系 ?1OS%RBF  
  (5 )medical insurance system 医疗保险体系 )JuD !  
(6 )medical aid fund 医疗救助基金 l6l)M  
=H!u4  
  5 、医德 (U$ F) 7  
  (1 )medical ethics 医德 jw(v08u >  
  (2 )patient-oriented 以病人为核心 n~K_|  
  (3 )humanistic 人道主义的 YEVH?`G  
  (4 )compassionate 富于同情性的 "V?U^L>SF  
  (5 )considerate 体贴周到的 f>p;Jh{2fn  
  (6 )resolute 果断的 5^0W\  
  (7 )service quality 服务质量 (hd2&mSy  
(8 )to give top priority to the lives and health of people q1NAKcA<U  
5;dnxhf  
  6 、病人 #W!@j"8eK  
  (1 )patient a#j0N5<Nl  
  (2 )the sick ";s?#c  
  (3 )the invalid @uT\.W:Q2  
  (4) sufferer Z$HYXm  
   \7gLk:  
(二)疾病 }@a_x,O/x}  
  1 、 患病的表达方式 f4`=yj*  
  ⑴ suffer from (v ) f5d"H6%L  
  (2) contract (v ) S G]e^%i  
  (3) people with some disease 患病人群 ETjlq]@j  
(4) the people susceptible to some disease 易感某种疾病的人 8BLtTpu  
*>S\i7RET  
  2 、必知疾病名称 oDM}h +  
  heart disease 心脏病 HPr5mWs:  
  hypertension 高血压 mY;Y$fz;xL  
  kidney problem 肾病 (j}"1  
  stroke 中风 H%Q@DW8~@  
    shock 休克 g3Kc? wTC  
  the blood pressure 血压 -4;{QB?  
  diabetes 糖尿病 _YO` x  
  obesity 肥胖 S-'iOJ 1]  
  terminal illness 绝症 ykX}T6T  
  incurable illness 不治之症 @x"vGYKd  
  cancer 癌症 a|T P2m  
  tumor 肿瘤 :eei<cn2  
  cancer of early stage 癌症晚期 ?&"cI5-  
  emergency case 急症 _@jl9<t=_  
  serious illness 重症 ,MuLu,$/  
  the difficult and complicated cases 疑难病 O2ety2}?f  
  short breath 短气 jJ|u!a  
  syndrome 综合症 c,X\1yLy  
  complications 并发症 yhgHwES"  
  process 病程 5pE[}@-c9  
  bone loss 骨质疏松 sAC1Pda  
short-sighted (adj)近视 `!> zYcmT  
Lt|k}p@]  
  3、传染病 {$oZR" MP  
  (1) 感染源 `3/,-  
  virus 病毒 bacteria 细菌 pest 害虫 channel and media 传染途径及媒介 a}0\kDe  
  (2 )传染疾病 I zM=?,`  
  some disease epidemic 传染性疾病 plague 鼠疫 K?(ls$  
  influenza (简)flu 流感 vC&y:XMt,`  
  infection contagion 传染病 i1\xZ<|0  
  infectious diseases 传染病 HiILJyb  
  AIDS 艾滋病 *N[.']#n  
  SARS +, p  
  (3) 传染 u}qfwVX Z  
  epidemic (a) 流行的,传染的 'O \YL(j_e  
  block the channel (v) S-Ryt>G  
  disseminate 传播 "Yq-s$yBi  
cross infection 交叉感染 ~}$:iyJV(>  
c{V0]A9VF  
  5 、疾病、病痛 s|"V$/X(W  
  illness f|w+}z  
  sickness Tf21K9+`L  
  disease \aU^c24>  
  ailment Y%anR|  
suffering T5Sa9\`>  
JrOp-ug  
  6 、疾病的转归 0{gvd"q  
  (1 )疾病的恢复 nxA]EFS  
  recover recovery @HMt}zD  
  recuperate Haaungb"  
  resume D3HE~zkI  
  recruit x,5$VLs\+  
  reinstate de[c3!#1d  
  (2) 疾病的恶化 A\i /@x5#  
  deteriorate 7h&$^  
  aggravate .gG<08Z  
  exasperate `$nMTx]Y  
  make worse c<y.Y0  
  worsen NQ'^ z  
   ^h1VCyoR*  
    7、其他相关词汇 y~SFlv36  
  outbreak and spending Z?ZcQ[eC  
  break out (v) 疾病的爆发 e,Gv~ae9  
  spread (v) 疾病的扩散 *O)_D bj  
  the incidence of common diseases 常见病发生率 SL hki)|  
  taboo 禁忌 l#\z 3"b  
  speed up blood circulation (v) `JG~%0Z?}  
  improve the cardiac functions (v) 3+EJ%  
  side effects 副反应 5caYA&R  
complain of 主述 [YHvyfk~_  
cEsBKaN  
   `y P-,lA$  
(三)药物 @E,{p"{  
  1 、药物名称 d#ya"e>  
  medicine jm.pb/  
  drug [l- zU}u&v  
  remedy  ,H1J$=X'  
  medicinal herbs fX[,yc;  
  power )@]-bPnv  
  tablet :54|Z5h|  
pill }ebw1G  
O .& 6J/  
  2 、药物用法 'x+0 yd  
  开药 : c`doR(oZ  
  prescribe some medicine for some diseases I;P?P5H  
  write out a proscription yC+N18y?  
  服药 "'t<R}t!A  
  take a medicine {@Diig  
  治…的疾病 sn5N9=\+T  
a remedy for some diseases e!tgWYN  
1G.+)*:3  
3 、其他相关词汇 y^;qT_)#  
  drug therapy 药物治疗 R^1= :<)C  
  side effects 副反应 GdG%=+  
  drug abuse 药物滥用 _j%Rm:m;<  
  drugstore 药房 (g7nMrE$j  
  over the counter 非处方药 Q.z2 (&  
  drug allergy 药物过敏 MYN1zYT6j  
  drug poisoning 药物中毒 !cSD9q*  
  prescription 处方 :6HMb^4  
  expenses for medicine 药费 ;Jx ^  
  charges for medicine /jj!DO#  
drug rebate 药品回扣 Z: T4Z}4N  
5Qy,P kje  
   XJ?@l3D:  
(四)心理疾病 l\$C)q6O  
  1 、心理学专业词汇 5+ fS$Q  
  subhealth 亚健康 jDXmre?  
  psychological benefits 心理健康 +S/8{2%?DG  
  psychological problem 心理问题 f_Wn[ I{  
  psychological consultation 心理咨询 KJ9~"v  
  psychological obstacles 心理障碍 *Gu=O|Mm  
  mental obstacles 心理障碍 o,aI<5 "  
  psychological massage 心理按摩 8V}c(2m  
  psychology 心理学/ 心理 8i:b~y0  
  psychotherapy 心理治疗 (>;~((2  
psychological expert 心理专家 IL>g-  
0hNc#x6  
  2 、情绪词汇 ~4\bR  
  overcome )%MB o.NL  
  disappoint 8=2)I.   
  disappointed C}00S{nAZ  
  shy , Eydk64 5:3  
  flush [n:R]|^a  
  frustration lT(MywNsg  
  failure SQz>e  
  willpower .d8~]@U!<  
  optimism UhEnW8^bz1  
  optimistic kwyvd`J8  
  be sensitive to #K4wO!d  
  nervous .79'c%3}  
  tensional U#Z}a d?VX  
  sad agony pessimism pessimistic &j>`H:  
  confident confidence 9^aMmN&6N2  
  stress pressure a]ftE\99  
  depress depressed S&QZ"4jq  
  depression depressive XGO_n{ x  
   ~5JXY5 *o  
3 、疲劳相关词汇 IB?5y~+h  
  fatigue tire (v) weariness (n) tired(a) exhausted(a) fatigued (a) weary )9PQ j  
   Tlf G"HzZ%  
(五)肥胖与营养 #nu?b?X'  
  1 、营养物质 zx\?cF  
  nutrient 营养素 g@S"!9[;U  
  protein 蛋白质 #PFf`7b,z  
  fat 脂肪 X#p E!mT  
  glucose 葡萄糖 yuhSP{pv'  
  vitamin 维生素 PR.?"$!D{  
  sugar 糖类 3 UBG?%!$f  
  heat calories quantity of heat 热量 )TP7gLv=b  
  carbohydrate 碳水化合物 _STN^   
  soft drink beverage 软饮料 OHH wcJ7N  
cholesterol胆固醇 PC D1I98  
b~cN#w #  
  2 、营养与饮食 Z.rKV}yjY  
  a well-balanced diet ZG<<6y*.  
  nutrition 营养 Au:Q4x.  
  nutritional 营养的 q*-q5FE  
4WDh8U  
二、医学写作其他常用词汇 qifX7AXHr  
R~;<}!Gtx  
1.       下降、减少 reduction,decrease,decline,diminution, drop,descend,go / come down,fall g)2}`}  
2.       上升、增加rise; go up; ascend;increase vMDV%E S1t  
3.       禽流感 H1N1 flu /  bird flu / avian flu; gHA"O@HgDI  
4.       食品安全 food safety g/'MECB  
5.       公共卫生突发事件public health emergencies <<Ut@243\  
6.       应急反应 immediate response to @'s^  
7.       .关注民生 concern(focus on, pay attention to) people’s livelihood/well-being &>6IU CR&v z3\Q  
8.       城乡卫生体系urban-rural medical and health system R/xeC [r  
9.       预防保健disease prevention and health care iLNKC'  
10.   服务体系service system A b_:]Y<{> f  
11.   讲究卫生pay attention to hygiene -y)ij``VY  
12.   个人和环境卫生personal and environmental hygiene 9i. bBn4m:  
13.   清淡的lite I!|_C~I`2  
14.   蛋白添加饮食protein-complemented diet k$j>_U? P  
15.   预防的措施preventive initiatives=preventive measures ^AN LaG./+IP  
16.   人畜共患病zoonosis=anthropozoonosis.人兽共患病 ~q5"'  
17.   虫媒insect pollination; mADq_` j  
18.   虫媒传染病insect-borne /arthropod-borne infectious disease uK2MC?LP  
19.   肾病综合征nephritic/renal syndrome; 2Xys;Dwx  
20.   爆发流行break out, explode; an epidemic outbreak of explosion z:{'IY  
21.   传染(及相关词):infect/infection/infectious, communicate/communicable, contagion/ contagious, transmission/transmittable;!" N0,wT6.  
22.   传播途径route of transmission, bird flu transmits by air/wind;person to person transmission $e)d!m.  
23.   传播,散布:diffuse,prevalence,spread,transmit,disseminate,propagate/ propagation{D wt0^R<28  
24.   污染pollution/ pollute,contamination/contaminate XCc /\  
25.   福祉 well-being, happiness WwG78b-OA  
26.   衰老grow old;aging;senility;senile s a ;WRTV  
27.   每况愈下from bad to worse .'k]]2%ILp  
28.   相似的akin to=similar to 8QDs4Bv|  
29.   脓的,化脓的purulent – r BQFC 4L  
30.   脂肪肝fatty liver *$~H=4t  
31.   血压 hypertension e[.c^Hw  
32.   肠癌Cancer of Rectum and Colon Ab ,n^  
33.   亚健康 sub-health 8 ? FGz w  
34.   过劳死death from overwork [ ,:Qy%k}f  
35.   长期以来 for a long time ; over the years 0 (99P9\[p  
36.   养生preserve one's health; nourishing of life; keep in good health 1RpTI7  
37.   分类 be divided into=fall into three categories=be grouped according to their origin, into three classes.=be categorized according to/be roughly classified into three kinds F67%xz0  
38.   基本职责=basic/ fundamental/essential/elementary duties/responsibilities/obligations 5N<f\W,  
39.   基本原则fundamental principle/ rule, basic rule or principle qk VGa%^  
40.   道德morals, morality, ethics均含“道德”之意。morals多用于实践方面,指按习惯或社会公认的道德标准,尤指男女之间关系的道德。morality指符合道德标准的行为,或用道德标准衡量某事,既指社会的又指个人的道德。ethics多用于伦理方面,指符合于伦理学中所指的好的行为,常指公平正真地对人对事的品德。 dfl| 6R  
41.   民众the (general) public,the masses of the people,the common people o!!";q%DX  
42.   合作者co-worker; collaborator; copartner; co-agent RZ 4xR  
43.   死亡人数death toll,deaths,the number of people killed in/dying from ChO?Lm$y  
44.   .归结为 boil down to;come down to BB@I|) 9O(  
45.   归因为/归功于 be attributable to,be attributed to,ascribe or attribute… to, owe…to feU]a5%XZ  
46.   归咎于lay or put the blame on sb,blame…on,ascribe or attribute… to,impute… to RP 'VEJ   
47.   大规模on a large scale,extensive,large-scale,massive & 9X`tCnL  
48.   大规模流行 large-scale transmission,become a pandemic,massive attack/outbreak ]k~Vh[[  
49.   表面上on the surface, apparently, ostensibly, superficial, seemingly ,S[,F0"%  
50.   因果关系 cause-and-effect relationship, causal relationship/relations 65X31vU  
51.   孤立现象an isolated phenomenon FdwT  
52.   复杂的complicated,complex,sophisticated,intricate Q M7z .  
53.   极端复杂性extreme/ exceeding complexity/complicacy %{qJkjG  
54.   低保basic living allowances/subsistence allowances JA0$Fz  
55.   养老保险 endowment insurance DE"KbA0}  
56.   退休养老金retirement n Y8!T4dkn  
57.   医疗改革health care reform at7|r\`?-  
58.   激烈运动strenuous exercise;vigorous activity bU'{U0lM  
59.   月经期menstrual period S @gzm4  
60.   生活的节奏the tempo/the pace of life; a life of quick /fast pace #;cDPBv*wS  
61.   婴幼儿保健the infant health care 5"(AqXoq  
62.   安乐死euthanasia 2_Me 4  
63.   得绝症的terminally ill nTrfbK@  
64.   临终关怀=hospice care=end-of-life care ! a,X=!oJ  
65.   濒临死亡的病人:dying patients,terminally ill patients,incurable patient Z-[nHSf  
吸二手烟secondhand smoking ,also called “involuntary smoking” or “passive smoking”. iw1((&^)"  
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