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主题 : 医学考博写作常用词汇选编
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楼主  发表于: 2014-10-12   
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医学考博写作常用词汇选编

一、与医学相关的写作常用词汇分类 "%rU1/@#  
(一)医疗、医院、医生 .=Uu{F  
  1 、医生 h b)83mH}  
  ① doctor, medical worker kidv^`.H$w  
  ② physician 内科医生 b0N7[M1Xl  
  ③ surgeon 外科医生 bl|)/)6o  
  ④ doctor in charge 主治医生 9m%+6#|  
  ⑤ intern 实习医生 JY D\VaW  
⑥ resident doctor 住院医生 GgvMd~  
I]91{dq  
  2 、医院 9}G<\ y  
  ① hospital *44E'Dxv  
  The specialized hospital 专科医院 +\cG{n*  
  The general hospital 普通医院 ;s$ P?('  
  The community hospital 社区医院 *E/CNMn=E  
  The public hospital 公立医院 Bthp_cSmLs  
  The private hospital 私立医院 4(8BWP~.y2  
  ② clinc 门诊 7VfPS5se  
  Conventional clinic treatment普通门诊 U)('}u=b  
  ③ ward 病房 (~#-J7  
④ medical team 医疗队 +3R/g@n  
^8g<>, $  
3、 医疗手段 :*tFW~<*b  
(1)              drug therapy 药物治疗 A=wh&X  
(2)              medical treatment 医疗 0T:U(5Y9  
(3)              medical instruments 医疗器械 % hRH80W|  
(4)              diagnose (v) 诊断 (n) diagnosis .DhB4v&  
(5)              prevent (v) 预防 >#5jO9  
(6)              sterilize (v) 消毒 | 9H cxL  
(7)              administrate a drug 给药 gt(!I^LHYc  
(8)              prevent and treat disease (v) 预防和治疗疾病 [5MV$)"!j  
(9)              TCM 中医 R'B-$:u  
(10)          chemotherapy 化疗 $< .wQ8:Q  
(11)          medical service 医疗服务 /t _QA  
(12)          complain of (v) 主述 GrM`\MIO  
(13)          health checkup 健康普查 )!=X?fz,O  
(14)          diagnosing and treating 诊断和治疗 AZbFj-^4  
(15)          consult the doctor(v) 咨询 ; E q t\It9  
FOSC#W9E  
  4 、医疗体制 ])Z p|?Y  
  (1 )healthcare system 医疗体制 ,+'VQa"]  
  (2 )medical disputes 医疗纠纷 N/8B@}@n  
  (3 )medical accident 医疗事故 f2i9UZ$=e!  
  (4 )the relationship between doctors and patients 医患关系 XWUi_{zn  
  (5 )medical insurance system 医疗保险体系 fa(-&;q  
(6 )medical aid fund 医疗救助基金 j k/-7/r  
P,K^ oz}  
  5 、医德 < *db%{  
  (1 )medical ethics 医德 HurF4IsHk  
  (2 )patient-oriented 以病人为核心 cIXqnb  
  (3 )humanistic 人道主义的 Ak,T{;rD  
  (4 )compassionate 富于同情性的 3q0S}<h al  
  (5 )considerate 体贴周到的 @8|i@S@4  
  (6 )resolute 果断的 o65I(`  
  (7 )service quality 服务质量 W,[iRmxn  
(8 )to give top priority to the lives and health of people )*9,H|2nS  
)bK3%>H#  
  6 、病人 W-4R;!42  
  (1 )patient ePiZHqIsv/  
  (2 )the sick 4siq  
  (3 )the invalid 3u1\z se  
  (4) sufferer p)*x7~3e  
   J?qikE&  
(二)疾病 ;^  YpQP  
  1 、 患病的表达方式 Kd7Lpw1u]  
  ⑴ suffer from (v ) BYb"[qPV  
  (2) contract (v ) SnG XEQ  
  (3) people with some disease 患病人群 v)LSH;<  
(4) the people susceptible to some disease 易感某种疾病的人 v=x)]<E" _  
w 9CX5Fg  
  2 、必知疾病名称 $qM&iI-l0  
  heart disease 心脏病 (xMq(g  
  hypertension 高血压 /Ca M(^W   
  kidney problem 肾病 C@9K`N[*  
  stroke 中风 ^AR kjYt  
    shock 休克 cs)R8vuB)z  
  the blood pressure 血压 P B{7u  
  diabetes 糖尿病 *I`Eb7 ^  
  obesity 肥胖 Ba9"IXKH  
  terminal illness 绝症 /_tN&[  
  incurable illness 不治之症 Dx.hM[  
  cancer 癌症 1A N)%  
  tumor 肿瘤 kf_*=ER  
  cancer of early stage 癌症晚期 -z>m]YDH  
  emergency case 急症 N`7+] T  
  serious illness 重症 3SI%>CO}  
  the difficult and complicated cases 疑难病 lk4$c1ao2@  
  short breath 短气 Mqm9i  
  syndrome 综合症 gTg[!}_;\N  
  complications 并发症 N7Kkz /  
  process 病程 /!W',9ua6  
  bone loss 骨质疏松 5[H1nC @C  
short-sighted (adj)近视 9oVprd >%@  
KZ|p_{0&  
  3、传染病 ! Y' ~?BI  
  (1) 感染源 ^aY,Wq  
  virus 病毒 bacteria 细菌 pest 害虫 channel and media 传染途径及媒介 \|$GBU  
  (2 )传染疾病 2z9N/SyN  
  some disease epidemic 传染性疾病 plague 鼠疫 Uk4G9}I  
  influenza (简)flu 流感 ccgV-'IG9  
  infection contagion 传染病 2jyxP6t  
  infectious diseases 传染病 -nnAe F  
  AIDS 艾滋病 0#/Pc`z C  
  SARS C.+:FY.H  
  (3) 传染 lF)k4 +M  
  epidemic (a) 流行的,传染的 FyRr/0 C>  
  block the channel (v) 'PdUSv|lH  
  disseminate 传播 ^fvx 2<  
cross infection 交叉感染 NzbHg p  
1yjP`N  
  5 、疾病、病痛 Ikgia:/-Z  
  illness {Ty?OZ  
  sickness \n0MqXs#  
  disease :bz;_DZP  
  ailment Klqte*!  
suffering '! ~ s=  
9D51@ b6k  
  6 、疾病的转归 =p#:v  
  (1 )疾病的恢复 Ve t<,;Te  
  recover recovery {D4N=#tl  
  recuperate >RKepV(X7  
  resume _kQOax{c/  
  recruit qEnmms1  
  reinstate O\^D 6\ v  
  (2) 疾病的恶化 yeN(_t2.  
  deteriorate D?r % Y  
  aggravate 'o-J)+oa  
  exasperate ,~7+r#q7  
  make worse }xytV5a^  
  worsen "S3U]zw0_  
   SW=%>XKkh  
    7、其他相关词汇 FO?I}G22  
  outbreak and spending bE2{^5 iG  
  break out (v) 疾病的爆发 KPdlg.  
  spread (v) 疾病的扩散 a}7P:e*u  
  the incidence of common diseases 常见病发生率 s:Z1 ZAxv  
  taboo 禁忌 `}*jjnr"  
  speed up blood circulation (v) +(vL ~  
  improve the cardiac functions (v) B \>W  
  side effects 副反应 `-<m#HF:)d  
complain of 主述 3vF-SgCV  
S{ qn^\0  
   K yp(dp>  
(三)药物 nF{>RD  
  1 、药物名称 DP4l %2m0  
  medicine q<?r5H5  
  drug b ;t b&o  
  remedy r;OE6}L>  
  medicinal herbs YX 19QG%  
  power _D."KU|  
  tablet Pna2IB+  
pill yy$ 7{9!  
ru1FJ{n  
  2 、药物用法 s h^ &3}  
  开药 : )J!=X`b  
  prescribe some medicine for some diseases i@`T_&6l  
  write out a proscription 4p_@f^v~QH  
  服药 [bJAh ` I  
  take a medicine p&,2@(Q  
  治…的疾病 Vr%!rQ  
a remedy for some diseases { w:9w  
h5R5FzY0&  
3 、其他相关词汇 @ei:/~y3  
  drug therapy 药物治疗 vt-5 3fa|  
  side effects 副反应 L~xzfO  
  drug abuse 药物滥用 p3(&9~ s  
  drugstore 药房 9:jZ3U  
  over the counter 非处方药 +{S^A)  
  drug allergy 药物过敏 *ocbV`  
  drug poisoning 药物中毒 WgQ6EV`  
  prescription 处方 UHW;e}O5  
  expenses for medicine 药费 J#'+&D H  
  charges for medicine ZICcZG_y  
drug rebate 药品回扣 # s'  
SZQ4e  
   8y, ]>n  
(四)心理疾病 O;*.dR  
  1 、心理学专业词汇 oZ(T`5  
  subhealth 亚健康 +#!! 'XP  
  psychological benefits 心理健康 |%~sU,Y\(  
  psychological problem 心理问题 !xxu~j^T  
  psychological consultation 心理咨询 R83Me #&  
  psychological obstacles 心理障碍 D>Qc/+  
  mental obstacles 心理障碍 ' Z}/3 dp  
  psychological massage 心理按摩 Zu/}TS9bi  
  psychology 心理学/ 心理 4X &\/X  
  psychotherapy 心理治疗 Z{ A)  
psychological expert 心理专家 Lh5d2 }tcO  
%CP:rAd`M.  
  2 、情绪词汇 v*7lJNN.  
  overcome S:En9E  
  disappoint @*gm\sU4  
  disappointed i>C:C>~  
  shy , hd2 X/"  
  flush 6h|@Bz/A  
  frustration v @0lTl_  
  failure N@>,gm@UU  
  willpower Sh=Px9'i  
  optimism *$Df)iI6  
  optimistic A qKl}8  
  be sensitive to v^h \E+@  
  nervous H3"[zg9L:a  
  tensional Dm j^aFB0|  
  sad agony pessimism pessimistic < }3c%Q1  
  confident confidence _|S>, D'  
  stress pressure >Udb*76 D  
  depress depressed 7)IB IlV  
  depression depressive \ :8eN}B  
   FBM 73D@`  
3 、疲劳相关词汇 bc"E= z  
  fatigue tire (v) weariness (n) tired(a) exhausted(a) fatigued (a) weary _,i]ra{%  
   Ds$8$1=L=k  
(五)肥胖与营养 zn T85#]\@  
  1 、营养物质 j[XA"DZR<  
  nutrient 营养素 /vl ]Oa&U  
  protein 蛋白质 z^Nnt  
  fat 脂肪 oAX-Sg-/$  
  glucose 葡萄糖 #dDsI]E )  
  vitamin 维生素 z[DUktZl  
  sugar 糖类 {4 !%'~  
  heat calories quantity of heat 热量 FDaHsiI:  
  carbohydrate 碳水化合物 JbG\Ywi0]  
  soft drink beverage 软饮料 O`O{n_o^u  
cholesterol胆固醇 TRrO-  
0}qij  
  2 、营养与饮食 Z&=K+P  
  a well-balanced diet xDu11W+g  
  nutrition 营养 Qw^nN(K!>  
  nutritional 营养的 sJX/YGHt  
+~=>72/r  
二、医学写作其他常用词汇 Q;{yIa$ $  
8Uvf9,I'  
1.       下降、减少 reduction,decrease,decline,diminution, drop,descend,go / come down,fall 3O<<XXar  
2.       上升、增加rise; go up; ascend;increase ^aDos9SyV  
3.       禽流感 H1N1 flu /  bird flu / avian flu; !h7`W*::  
4.       食品安全 food safety RMDs~  
5.       公共卫生突发事件public health emergencies UuAn`oYhV  
6.       应急反应 immediate response to C^Tc9  
7.       .关注民生 concern(focus on, pay attention to) people’s livelihood/well-being &>6IU rx'},[b]3  
8.       城乡卫生体系urban-rural medical and health system iwCnW7:  
9.       预防保健disease prevention and health care 8[,,Kr)-  
10.   服务体系service system A DTN@b!  
11.   讲究卫生pay attention to hygiene 3j0/&O N  
12.   个人和环境卫生personal and environmental hygiene 9i. <(?ahO5  
13.   清淡的lite <8!mmOK1  
14.   蛋白添加饮食protein-complemented diet |A 7Yv   
15.   预防的措施preventive initiatives=preventive measures ^AN }f^r@3Cb3  
16.   人畜共患病zoonosis=anthropozoonosis.人兽共患病 E@"+w,x)  
17.   虫媒insect pollination; ?AyG!F  
18.   虫媒传染病insect-borne /arthropod-borne infectious disease W+a>*#*  
19.   肾病综合征nephritic/renal syndrome; W$N_GR'4  
20.   爆发流行break out, explode; an epidemic outbreak of explosion (G} *ho  
21.   传染(及相关词):infect/infection/infectious, communicate/communicable, contagion/ contagious, transmission/transmittable;!" zrU0YHmt  
22.   传播途径route of transmission, bird flu transmits by air/wind;person to person transmission %fh ,e5(LT  
23.   传播,散布:diffuse,prevalence,spread,transmit,disseminate,propagate/ propagation{D 5)V J  
24.   污染pollution/ pollute,contamination/contaminate W DY,?  
25.   福祉 well-being, happiness f`p`c*  
26.   衰老grow old;aging;senility;senile s R8Lp8!F'  
27.   每况愈下from bad to worse xx nW1`]  
28.   相似的akin to=similar to 2y#4rl1Utx  
29.   脓的,化脓的purulent – 6"[`"~9'V  
30.   脂肪肝fatty liver +kH*BhSj  
31.   血压 hypertension  o9#  
32.   肠癌Cancer of Rectum and Colon odny{ePAf  
33.   亚健康 sub-health 8 sJ7r9 O`x  
34.   过劳死death from overwork [ xRP#}i:m  
35.   长期以来 for a long time ; over the years 0 ov#/v\|0  
36.   养生preserve one's health; nourishing of life; keep in good health ~{*FjZ`h  
37.   分类 be divided into=fall into three categories=be grouped according to their origin, into three classes.=be categorized according to/be roughly classified into three kinds pJVzT,poh  
38.   基本职责=basic/ fundamental/essential/elementary duties/responsibilities/obligations so8isDC'9  
39.   基本原则fundamental principle/ rule, basic rule or principle aIRCz=N  
40.   道德morals, morality, ethics均含“道德”之意。morals多用于实践方面,指按习惯或社会公认的道德标准,尤指男女之间关系的道德。morality指符合道德标准的行为,或用道德标准衡量某事,既指社会的又指个人的道德。ethics多用于伦理方面,指符合于伦理学中所指的好的行为,常指公平正真地对人对事的品德。 4bhm1Q  
41.   民众the (general) public,the masses of the people,the common people st|$Fu  
42.   合作者co-worker; collaborator; copartner; co-agent my[)/'  
43.   死亡人数death toll,deaths,the number of people killed in/dying from UALwr>+VJ  
44.   .归结为 boil down to;come down to E%3WJ%A  
45.   归因为/归功于 be attributable to,be attributed to,ascribe or attribute… to, owe…to 5sM-E>8G^{  
46.   归咎于lay or put the blame on sb,blame…on,ascribe or attribute… to,impute… to |Ag~k? QC  
47.   大规模on a large scale,extensive,large-scale,massive rV"<1y:g  
48.   大规模流行 large-scale transmission,become a pandemic,massive attack/outbreak "|]'\4UdzQ  
49.   表面上on the surface, apparently, ostensibly, superficial, seemingly VDx=Tsu-  
50.   因果关系 cause-and-effect relationship, causal relationship/relations 68*h#&  
51.   孤立现象an isolated phenomenon @PZ&/F ^  
52.   复杂的complicated,complex,sophisticated,intricate f&js, NU"  
53.   极端复杂性extreme/ exceeding complexity/complicacy &tj0Z:  
54.   低保basic living allowances/subsistence allowances )T(xQ2&r4  
55.   养老保险 endowment insurance FaPX[{_E  
56.   退休养老金retirement n =~?2i)-mC  
57.   医疗改革health care reform 3K@dW"3  
58.   激烈运动strenuous exercise;vigorous activity !Jh-v  
59.   月经期menstrual period S 8,a&i:C  
60.   生活的节奏the tempo/the pace of life; a life of quick /fast pace XGFU *g`kq  
61.   婴幼儿保健the infant health care z/.x*A=  
62.   安乐死euthanasia s!9.o_k  
63.   得绝症的terminally ill $`i$/FE  
64.   临终关怀=hospice care=end-of-life care ! g*N~r['dZ  
65.   濒临死亡的病人:dying patients,terminally ill patients,incurable patient KX"?3#U#Fm  
吸二手烟secondhand smoking ,also called “involuntary smoking” or “passive smoking”. .YYiUA-i9n  
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