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主题 : 医学考博写作常用词汇选编
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楼主  发表于: 2014-10-12   
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医学考博写作常用词汇选编

一、与医学相关的写作常用词汇分类 G)am ng/  
(一)医疗、医院、医生 y[m,t}gi  
  1 、医生 *(9Tl]w  
  ① doctor, medical worker kY)Vr3uGA  
  ② physician 内科医生 K1@ Pt}  
  ③ surgeon 外科医生 a7g;8t-&   
  ④ doctor in charge 主治医生 UGAV"0  
  ⑤ intern 实习医生 6?a`'&  
⑥ resident doctor 住院医生 bWTf P8gT  
) H,Xkex  
  2 、医院 uSfHlN4l  
  ① hospital .\ Ijq!  
  The specialized hospital 专科医院 r `PJb5^\|  
  The general hospital 普通医院 ,ua1sTgQ  
  The community hospital 社区医院 JLu$1A@ '  
  The public hospital 公立医院 p!pf2}6Fd  
  The private hospital 私立医院  yXU.PSG*  
  ② clinc 门诊 +4 k=Y  
  Conventional clinic treatment普通门诊 ^L%_kL_7  
  ③ ward 病房 AYn65Ly  
④ medical team 医疗队 ">[#Ops-;$  
O=jLZ2os  
3、 医疗手段 2 5 \S>  
(1)              drug therapy 药物治疗 %0GwO%h},  
(2)              medical treatment 医疗 `\( ?^]WLa  
(3)              medical instruments 医疗器械 =mYf] PIX  
(4)              diagnose (v) 诊断 (n) diagnosis pA!-spgX  
(5)              prevent (v) 预防 mG1~rI  
(6)              sterilize (v) 消毒 | l|.}>SfL^u  
(7)              administrate a drug 给药 lsax.uG5x  
(8)              prevent and treat disease (v) 预防和治疗疾病 X$!fR >Zc  
(9)              TCM 中医 e0(/(E:  
(10)          chemotherapy 化疗 4kL6aSqT  
(11)          medical service 医疗服务 9VW/Af  
(12)          complain of (v) 主述 `jeATxWv  
(13)          health checkup 健康普查 0z/*JVka  
(14)          diagnosing and treating 诊断和治疗 P&Ke slk  
(15)          consult the doctor(v) 咨询 ; 4v_Ac; 2m&  
J.UNw8z  
  4 、医疗体制 K$Bv4_|x  
  (1 )healthcare system 医疗体制 `W x| 4  
  (2 )medical disputes 医疗纠纷 Gi)Vr\Q.  
  (3 )medical accident 医疗事故 sTd@/>S?p  
  (4 )the relationship between doctors and patients 医患关系 J_7w _T/  
  (5 )medical insurance system 医疗保险体系 %V=%ARP|  
(6 )medical aid fund 医疗救助基金 0)|Z 7c&  
N[cIr{XBGN  
  5 、医德 jj`# ;Y  
  (1 )medical ethics 医德 d}O\:\}y  
  (2 )patient-oriented 以病人为核心 E+Bc>xl@ m  
  (3 )humanistic 人道主义的 }F]Z1('  
  (4 )compassionate 富于同情性的 ;y(;7n_ a  
  (5 )considerate 体贴周到的 TyV~2pc N  
  (6 )resolute 果断的 {]6-,/3UR  
  (7 )service quality 服务质量 B=OzP+  
(8 )to give top priority to the lives and health of people GFT@Pqq  
frcX'M}%  
  6 、病人 Milp"L?B%  
  (1 )patient ` +YtTK  
  (2 )the sick \~8W0q.4M  
  (3 )the invalid ~ g!!#ad  
  (4) sufferer a8TtItN  
   _jX,1+M  
(二)疾病 ] !* K|?VL  
  1 、 患病的表达方式 ,esEh5=Ir  
  ⑴ suffer from (v ) "3VX9{'%@  
  (2) contract (v ) D zD5n  
  (3) people with some disease 患病人群 B!mHO*g  
(4) the people susceptible to some disease 易感某种疾病的人 Ar\fA)UQ`  
{*;8`+R&  
  2 、必知疾病名称 g#i~^4-1  
  heart disease 心脏病 (8 7wWhH  
  hypertension 高血压 X_'tgP9  
  kidney problem 肾病 /{l_tiE7  
  stroke 中风 J,,V KA&  
    shock 休克 D 6'd&U{_  
  the blood pressure 血压 8{0XqE~ix=  
  diabetes 糖尿病 =( ZOn=IL  
  obesity 肥胖 !Fs$W  
  terminal illness 绝症 a)W|gx6Y  
  incurable illness 不治之症 A'CD,R+gR  
  cancer 癌症 8L:AmpQdpA  
  tumor 肿瘤 ,W+=N"`a'  
  cancer of early stage 癌症晚期  gwIR3u  
  emergency case 急症 ^}2!fRKAmo  
  serious illness 重症 zq + 2@"q  
  the difficult and complicated cases 疑难病  R<1%Gdz  
  short breath 短气 VEa"^{,w  
  syndrome 综合症 W2h*t"5W  
  complications 并发症 PO5,lcBD<  
  process 病程 3US`6Y"  
  bone loss 骨质疏松 ta.Lq8/  
short-sighted (adj)近视 3KqRw (BK  
#3ZAMV  
  3、传染病 \<9aS Y'U  
  (1) 感染源 h7ZH/g$)  
  virus 病毒 bacteria 细菌 pest 害虫 channel and media 传染途径及媒介 :!Z|_y{b  
  (2 )传染疾病 s8A"x`5(  
  some disease epidemic 传染性疾病 plague 鼠疫 J|jvqt9C  
  influenza (简)flu 流感 a(IE8:yU`  
  infection contagion 传染病 V1P]pP  
  infectious diseases 传染病 A/9<} m  
  AIDS 艾滋病 pno}`Cer  
  SARS i+QVs_jW  
  (3) 传染 f }r \  
  epidemic (a) 流行的,传染的 kqZRg>1A  
  block the channel (v) D',7T=C   
  disseminate 传播 (Of`VT3ZOA  
cross infection 交叉感染 /qKor;x  
2OI 0B\  
  5 、疾病、病痛 "Cvr("'O  
  illness |j/Y#.k;{0  
  sickness =MJRQ V67  
  disease &B :L9^  
  ailment u1kCvi#N  
suffering _UP 9b@Z"  
\ eba9i^  
  6 、疾病的转归 w"D1mI!L 7  
  (1 )疾病的恢复 ,| 8aDL?  
  recover recovery EBWM8~Nm#  
  recuperate :SwA) (1  
  resume |gk4X%o6  
  recruit AW_YlS  
  reinstate *\+oe+3  
  (2) 疾病的恶化  EAr;  
  deteriorate J 7dHD(R8  
  aggravate ,[N(XstI  
  exasperate zSMM?g^T  
  make worse s7jNRY V  
  worsen rT-.'aQ2t  
   L>Ze*dt  
    7、其他相关词汇 toj5b;+4F  
  outbreak and spending jL)Y'  
  break out (v) 疾病的爆发 8.%wnH  
  spread (v) 疾病的扩散 uARkf'  
  the incidence of common diseases 常见病发生率 SY.koW  
  taboo 禁忌 B4zuWCE@  
  speed up blood circulation (v) 4y4r;[@U  
  improve the cardiac functions (v) k ^KpQ&n  
  side effects 副反应 Mj2Dat`p9  
complain of 主述 T1?9E{bC8A  
@^# 9N!Fj]  
   5yJ~ q  
(三)药物 S<*1b 6%D  
  1 、药物名称 :vS/Lzk  
  medicine /r&4< @  
  drug  SN }3  
  remedy -IDhK}C&T  
  medicinal herbs eH*i_g'  
  power [H$kVQC  
  tablet <)J@ 7@!P  
pill Du-Q~I6  
/7a3*a  
  2 、药物用法 uzp\<\d-t  
  开药 : +,i_G?eX  
  prescribe some medicine for some diseases {)kL7>u]^V  
  write out a proscription 3EA_-?  
  服药 %X\Rfn0J"  
  take a medicine hsK(09:J  
  治…的疾病 a@ ? Bv  
a remedy for some diseases xo-{N[r  
wSALK)T1{  
3 、其他相关词汇 G 8tK"L C  
  drug therapy 药物治疗 ,6A/| K-  
  side effects 副反应 t?;=\%^<  
  drug abuse 药物滥用 gaU^l73 ,C  
  drugstore 药房 Ghe@m6|D  
  over the counter 非处方药 #TgP:t]p  
  drug allergy 药物过敏 $ M|vIw{#  
  drug poisoning 药物中毒 4i29nq^n  
  prescription 处方 g)<[-Q1  
  expenses for medicine 药费 Xi=4S[.4  
  charges for medicine (tg+C\ S.  
drug rebate 药品回扣 nF 'U*  
@d ^MaXp_P  
   B+'w'e$6  
(四)心理疾病 uBaGOW|Pl  
  1 、心理学专业词汇 |fn%!d`2  
  subhealth 亚健康 L[:M[,?=`  
  psychological benefits 心理健康 d%1 Vby  
  psychological problem 心理问题 {Q 0DHNP(G  
  psychological consultation 心理咨询 z2dW)_fU$  
  psychological obstacles 心理障碍 _`9WNJiL  
  mental obstacles 心理障碍 h{PJ4U{W  
  psychological massage 心理按摩 kChCo0Q>1  
  psychology 心理学/ 心理 7{[i)  
  psychotherapy 心理治疗 uF T5Z  
psychological expert 心理专家 _b[Pk;8}j;  
/ DS T|2  
  2 、情绪词汇 t3.I ` Z  
  overcome NB&zBJ#  
  disappoint 4 ..V  
  disappointed 3^F1hCB  
  shy , 0MOn >76$N  
  flush DJH,#re>  
  frustration /<IXCM.  
  failure ">R`S<W  
  willpower 95-%>?4  
  optimism Ozc9yy!%  
  optimistic K`cy97  
  be sensitive to G*^4 CJ  
  nervous "(E%JAwZ^W  
  tensional IpsV4nmnz-  
  sad agony pessimism pessimistic \ id(P3M  
  confident confidence NJ!}(=1|K  
  stress pressure 4_vJ_H-mO,  
  depress depressed 2}#VB; B  
  depression depressive 6E:5w9_=c  
   N_y#Y{c{(  
3 、疲劳相关词汇 `qr.@0whP  
  fatigue tire (v) weariness (n) tired(a) exhausted(a) fatigued (a) weary Oat #%  
   @|Hx >|p  
(五)肥胖与营养 .+CMm5T  
  1 、营养物质 2rX}A3%9^^  
  nutrient 营养素 _." X# }W  
  protein 蛋白质 q3Y49d  
  fat 脂肪 ut9R] 01:  
  glucose 葡萄糖 Sy3 4doAZ  
  vitamin 维生素 F#\+.inO  
  sugar 糖类 \AB*C_Ri  
  heat calories quantity of heat 热量 x9H qc9q  
  carbohydrate 碳水化合物 ZZF\;  
  soft drink beverage 软饮料 [ r=U-  
cholesterol胆固醇 '3ZYoA%  
x\6i(k-  
  2 、营养与饮食 ("j*!Dsd  
  a well-balanced diet .[X"+i\  
  nutrition 营养 U7Pn $l2!  
  nutritional 营养的 !fG`xZ~  
1"HSM =p  
二、医学写作其他常用词汇 3`Q>s;DjIU  
tM{U6k  
1.       下降、减少 reduction,decrease,decline,diminution, drop,descend,go / come down,fall [$(/H;  
2.       上升、增加rise; go up; ascend;increase .(8eWc YK  
3.       禽流感 H1N1 flu /  bird flu / avian flu; O(f&0h !  
4.       食品安全 food safety Kkz2N  
5.       公共卫生突发事件public health emergencies dq$C COC^F  
6.       应急反应 immediate response to W /| C  
7.       .关注民生 concern(focus on, pay attention to) people’s livelihood/well-being &>6IU 834dsl+U  
8.       城乡卫生体系urban-rural medical and health system f@= lK?Pfh  
9.       预防保健disease prevention and health care mdD9Q N01  
10.   服务体系service system A H(Q|qckj  
11.   讲究卫生pay attention to hygiene U?Icyn3q0  
12.   个人和环境卫生personal and environmental hygiene 9i. 4 jeUYkJUM  
13.   清淡的lite hFWK^]~ a  
14.   蛋白添加饮食protein-complemented diet z;En Ay{9  
15.   预防的措施preventive initiatives=preventive measures ^AN E8.xmTq  
16.   人畜共患病zoonosis=anthropozoonosis.人兽共患病 -#?p16qz5  
17.   虫媒insect pollination; tqo!WuZAj  
18.   虫媒传染病insect-borne /arthropod-borne infectious disease -"e$ VB  
19.   肾病综合征nephritic/renal syndrome; -'!%\E;5  
20.   爆发流行break out, explode; an epidemic outbreak of explosion g"Z X1X  
21.   传染(及相关词):infect/infection/infectious, communicate/communicable, contagion/ contagious, transmission/transmittable;!" #%i-{t+_>  
22.   传播途径route of transmission, bird flu transmits by air/wind;person to person transmission pJ1Q~tI  
23.   传播,散布:diffuse,prevalence,spread,transmit,disseminate,propagate/ propagation{D 35[8XD  
24.   污染pollution/ pollute,contamination/contaminate #D{//P|;  
25.   福祉 well-being, happiness h}_1cev?  
26.   衰老grow old;aging;senility;senile s /8` S}g+  
27.   每况愈下from bad to worse Uwqm?]  
28.   相似的akin to=similar to h7S&tW GU  
29.   脓的,化脓的purulent – ?=uw0~O[  
30.   脂肪肝fatty liver o[!g,Gmoh  
31.   血压 hypertension "HQH]?!k  
32.   肠癌Cancer of Rectum and Colon y[l19eU  
33.   亚健康 sub-health 8 E@_M|=p&  
34.   过劳死death from overwork [ &,Xs=Lv mq  
35.   长期以来 for a long time ; over the years 0 1+^L,-k!  
36.   养生preserve one's health; nourishing of life; keep in good health _;B N;].  
37.   分类 be divided into=fall into three categories=be grouped according to their origin, into three classes.=be categorized according to/be roughly classified into three kinds 9R"bo*RIS  
38.   基本职责=basic/ fundamental/essential/elementary duties/responsibilities/obligations fx QN  
39.   基本原则fundamental principle/ rule, basic rule or principle >, &6zj  
40.   道德morals, morality, ethics均含“道德”之意。morals多用于实践方面,指按习惯或社会公认的道德标准,尤指男女之间关系的道德。morality指符合道德标准的行为,或用道德标准衡量某事,既指社会的又指个人的道德。ethics多用于伦理方面,指符合于伦理学中所指的好的行为,常指公平正真地对人对事的品德。 {[4Y(l1  
41.   民众the (general) public,the masses of the people,the common people khb Gyg%  
42.   合作者co-worker; collaborator; copartner; co-agent ?~a M<rcZ  
43.   死亡人数death toll,deaths,the number of people killed in/dying from iD|"}}01  
44.   .归结为 boil down to;come down to ,diV;d  
45.   归因为/归功于 be attributable to,be attributed to,ascribe or attribute… to, owe…to eb)S<%R/  
46.   归咎于lay or put the blame on sb,blame…on,ascribe or attribute… to,impute… to m//(1hWv7  
47.   大规模on a large scale,extensive,large-scale,massive &:-`3J-  
48.   大规模流行 large-scale transmission,become a pandemic,massive attack/outbreak T!hU37g h?  
49.   表面上on the surface, apparently, ostensibly, superficial, seemingly [JGa3e  
50.   因果关系 cause-and-effect relationship, causal relationship/relations Y 1 i!  
51.   孤立现象an isolated phenomenon g2hxWf"  
52.   复杂的complicated,complex,sophisticated,intricate =ot`V; Q>  
53.   极端复杂性extreme/ exceeding complexity/complicacy P,O9On  
54.   低保basic living allowances/subsistence allowances HFx8v!^5N  
55.   养老保险 endowment insurance H+; _fd  
56.   退休养老金retirement n hSD)|  
57.   医疗改革health care reform -{ZTp8P>  
58.   激烈运动strenuous exercise;vigorous activity )4a&OlEI  
59.   月经期menstrual period S <9/oqp{C 4  
60.   生活的节奏the tempo/the pace of life; a life of quick /fast pace nrA}36E  
61.   婴幼儿保健the infant health care }_M .-Xm  
62.   安乐死euthanasia 3u7E?*{sH  
63.   得绝症的terminally ill ha'oLm#  
64.   临终关怀=hospice care=end-of-life care ! Gz!72H  
65.   濒临死亡的病人:dying patients,terminally ill patients,incurable patient / v;g v[  
吸二手烟secondhand smoking ,also called “involuntary smoking” or “passive smoking”. Uz H)fB  
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