英语中基本句式 AE} )o)B
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英语句子看上去纷繁庞杂,但仔细观察不外乎五个基本句式。这五个基本句式可以演变出多种复杂的英语句子。换言之,绝大多数英语句子都是由这五个基本句式生成的。这五个基本句式如下: =+AS/J
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S十V主谓结构 Me=CSQqf<
S十V十F主系表结构 }fKSqB]T-
S十V十O主谓宾结构 S{Er?0wm.R
S十V十O1十O2 主谓双宾结构 % rxO_
S十V十O十C 主谓宾补结构 [ :zO}r:
说明:S=主语;V=谓语;P=表语;O=宾语;O1=间接宾语;O2=直接宾语;C=宾语补足语 :sCqjz
五个基本句式详细解释如下: 5< ja3
1.S十V句式 |O"lNUW
在此句式中,V是不及物动词,又叫自动词(vi.)。例如: B9wPU1
He runs quickly. 3"O>&Q0c
他跑得快。 tz s</2
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They listened carefully. A,`8#-AX
他们听得很仔细。 nB!&Zq
He suffered from cold and hunger. (考试大) 9ksE>[7
他挨冻受饿。 2z|*xS'G
China belongs to the third world country. c_V;DcZ
中国属于第三世界国家。 N&M~0iw
The gas has given out. =MvjLh"s
煤气用完了。 L =8rH5
My ink has run out. kS!viJwtT
我的钢笔水用完了。 AW,53\ 0
2.S十V十P句式 ndeebXw*
在此句式中,V是系动词(link v.),常见的系动词有:look,seem,appear,sound,feel,taste,smell,grow,get,fall ill/asleep,stand/sit still,become,turn等。例如: d$
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He is older than he looks. T8HF|%I
他比看上去要老。 xl#LrvxI
He seen interested in the book.
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他似乎对这本书感兴趣。 o";Z$tAJkC
The story sounds interesting. YiPoYlD*n<
这个故事听起来有趣。 d,=r9.
The desk feels hard. $k2*[sn,
书桌摸起来很硬。 -*XCxU'
The cake tastes nice. @U2qD
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饼尝起来很香。 =|YxDas
The flowers smell sweet and nicc. ~SnSEhE
花闻起来香甜。 Et/&^&=\-
You have grown taller than before. pi
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你长得比以前高了。 IzpZwx^3''
He has suddenly fallen ill.(examda) T16{_
他突然病倒了。 />9OR
He stood quite still. ]~E0gsq
他静静地站看。 Yx>"bv
He becomes a teacher when he grew up. 6#Q K%[1!>
他长大后当了教师。 <0PT"ij
He could never turn traitor to his country. &w1P\4?G
他永远不会背叛他的祖国。 fOMvj%T@2
注意:有些动词同时也是及物动词,可构成SVO句式,例如:
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He looked me up and down. |K|h+fgG6*
他上下打量我。 WuZ/C_
He reached his hand to feel the elephant. ~mR'Q-hi<
他伸出手来摸象。 ryFxn
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They are tasting the fish. C,.Ee3T
他们在品尝鱼。
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They grow rice in their home town. h@LHRMO
他们在家乡种水稻。 qvv2O1c"A
He's got a chair to sit on. ._+J_ts
他有椅子坐。 C(K; zo*S(
Please turn the sentence into English. \l@,B +)
请把这个句于泽成英语。 q=9`06
3.S十V十O句式 -^ C=]Medl
在此句式中,V是及物动词(vt.),因此有宾语。例如: ~O1&@xX
I saw a film yesterday. E{n:J3_X^d
我昨天看了一部电影。 VV9_`myN7
Have you read the story? +
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你读过这个故事吗? P(K>=O
They found their home easily. uZ=NSbYsA
他们很容易找到他们的家。 <$hu
They built a house last year. %:2+
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他们去年建了一所房子。 H~E(JLcU
They've put up a factory in the village. E~a3r]V/
他们在村里建了一座工厂。 !Lh^oPT"I
They have taken good care of the children. +Lnsr\BA
这些孩子他们照看得很好。 Q8_ d)t|
You should look after your children well. "$}vP<SM
你应该好好照看你的孩子。 B)QHM+[=F
4.S十V十O1十O2句式 HdLH2+|P;D
在此句式中,V是带有双宾语的及物动词。常见的须带双宾语的动词有give,ask,bring,offer,send,pay,lend,show,tell,buy,get;rob,warn等。例如: xrN
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He gave me a book/a book to me. #-GJ&m8
他给我一本书。 LB.c
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He brought me a pen/a pen to me. 1DA1N<'
他带给我一枝钢笔。 kMsnW}Nu
He offered me his seat/his seat to me. 1=]kWp`i
他把座位让给我。 bUY>st'
注意下边动词改写后介词的变化: {Ixg2=E\
Mother bought me a book/a book for me. ,p9i% i
妈妈给我买了一本书。 M1%Dg'}G
He got me a chair/a chair for me. 8L1oh
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他给我弄了一把椅子。 C-?!S
Please do me a favor/a favor for me. XhPe]P
请帮我一下。 >g;kJe
He asked me a question/a question of me. y8\S}E0
他问我个问题。 F]I=+T
注意,下边动词只有一种说法: PG]%Bv57
They robbed the old man of his money. =-o'gL
他们抢了老人的钱。 @K:N,@yq
He's warned me of the danger. |G/7_+J6
他警告我注意危险。 S{K0.<,E
The doctor has cured him of his disease. O$
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医生治好了他的病。 DE
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We must rid the house of th erats. jp+_@S>
我们必须赶走屋里的老鼠。 :
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They deprived him of his right to speak. !7d*v3)d
他们剥夺了他说话的权利。 >5
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5.S十V十O十C句式 >Ng)k]G
在此句式中,V是有宾语补足语的及物动词。常带宾语补足语的词有形容词、副词、介词短语、名词、不定式、现在分词、过去分词。 6yy;JQAke
常见的可接宾语补足语的动词很多,哪些动词可接哪几种形式作宾补,须根据动词的惯用法而定,不能统而概论。请看下面的例子。 ! <WBCclX
They made the girl angry. CD0VfA>Z
他们使这个女孩生气了。 <*EZ@XoN>
They found her happy that day. @d&/?^dp6
他们发现那天她很高兴。 D?M!ra
I found him out. 5yVkb*8HS
我发现他出去了。 ~l~Tk6EM
I saw him in. pA4*bO+
我见他在家。 O3o: qly!
They saw a foot mark in the sand. S.|FL%;
他们发现沙地上有脚印。 j'p1q
They named the boy Charlie. +!0eu>~_&
他们给这个男孩起名为查理。 De_ CF8
I saw him come in and go out. !q"CV
我见他进来又出去。 ZlKw_Sq:
They felt the car moving fast. xdy^^3"
他们感到汽车行驶得很快。 E
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I heard the glass broken just now. V84*0&q