英语中基本句式 Cj<8r S4+
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英语句子看上去纷繁庞杂,但仔细观察不外乎五个基本句式。这五个基本句式可以演变出多种复杂的英语句子。换言之,绝大多数英语句子都是由这五个基本句式生成的。这五个基本句式如下: HFZ'xp|3dn
S十V主谓结构 XhHgXVVGG<
S十V十F主系表结构 "(7y%TFt:
S十V十O主谓宾结构 >&KH!:OX|
S十V十O1十O2 主谓双宾结构 45sEhs[$
S十V十O十C 主谓宾补结构 uC^
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说明:S=主语;V=谓语;P=表语;O=宾语;O1=间接宾语;O2=直接宾语;C=宾语补足语 CTRUr"
五个基本句式详细解释如下: (.cA'f?h
1.S十V句式 t{jY@JT|
在此句式中,V是不及物动词,又叫自动词(vi.)。例如: m0TV i] v
He runs quickly. 5MaN
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他跑得快。 8%#8P
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They listened carefully. E6TeZ%g
他们听得很仔细。 WJhTU@'
He suffered from cold and hunger. (考试大) ,bl }@0A
他挨冻受饿。 >] 'oN
China belongs to the third world country. ,r
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中国属于第三世界国家。 /=m A
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The gas has given out. UrizZ5a
煤气用完了。 g2|Myz)
My ink has run out. sX%n` L
我的钢笔水用完了。 n?EgC8b9
2.S十V十P句式 Xkhd"Axi
在此句式中,V是系动词(link v.),常见的系动词有:look,seem,appear,sound,feel,taste,smell,grow,get,fall ill/asleep,stand/sit still,become,turn等。例如: -<s Gu9
He is older than he looks. 5
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他比看上去要老。 z3+@[I$
He seen interested in the book. U"k$qZ[
他似乎对这本书感兴趣。 mQ:{>`
The story sounds interesting. 0hemXvv1
这个故事听起来有趣。 &W@2n&U.q
The desk feels hard. -eG~
书桌摸起来很硬。 5g7@Dj,.
The cake tastes nice. H#SQ>vyAV
饼尝起来很香。 t5-O-AI[b{
The flowers smell sweet and nicc. @L3XBV2
花闻起来香甜。 0kkDlWkzo
You have grown taller than before. YExgUE|
你长得比以前高了。 xqG<R5k>>
He has suddenly fallen ill.(examda) [s(D==8
他突然病倒了。 Al-`}g+^
He stood quite still. L^sjV/\oW
他静静地站看。 !T`oHs
He becomes a teacher when he grew up. ;77K1
他长大后当了教师。 4Z)s8sD KW
He could never turn traitor to his country. h aAY =:
他永远不会背叛他的祖国。 W;vNmg}mn
注意:有些动词同时也是及物动词,可构成SVO句式,例如: U)J
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He looked me up and down. c#n
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他上下打量我。 y}?|+/ dN
He reached his hand to feel the elephant. rW{!8FhI
他伸出手来摸象。 Pyo|Sgk
They are tasting the fish. y)G-6sZ/
他们在品尝鱼。 C96/
They grow rice in their home town. #EPC]jFk
他们在家乡种水稻。 @aIgif+v
He's got a chair to sit on. #<*Vc6pC
他有椅子坐。 R;< q<i_l
Please turn the sentence into English. Z8|<%1Kge
请把这个句于泽成英语。 YF5}~M ymF
3.S十V十O句式 }HgG<.H>
在此句式中,V是及物动词(vt.),因此有宾语。例如: kaBjA*
I saw a film yesterday.
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我昨天看了一部电影。 gmGK3am
Have you read the story? yXJhOCa
你读过这个故事吗? {9x_E {
They found their home easily. K`4lL5oH
他们很容易找到他们的家。 4E$MhP
They built a house last year. Itl8#LpLM
他们去年建了一所房子。 RTOA'|[0M
They've put up a factory in the village. 9[0iIT$q$
他们在村里建了一座工厂。 {;yO3];Hqw
They have taken good care of the children. TGCB=e
这些孩子他们照看得很好。 1NZ"\9=U
You should look after your children well. 8U{D)KgS
你应该好好照看你的孩子。 &jqaW2
4.S十V十O1十O2句式 eM7@!CdA9q
在此句式中,V是带有双宾语的及物动词。常见的须带双宾语的动词有give,ask,bring,offer,send,pay,lend,show,tell,buy,get;rob,warn等。例如: ({uW-%
He gave me a book/a book to me. "Y&I#&$b\
他给我一本书。 8`4M4"lj
He brought me a pen/a pen to me. z:
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他带给我一枝钢笔。 $WA wMS,
He offered me his seat/his seat to me. R5HT
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他把座位让给我。 FYAEM!dyy
注意下边动词改写后介词的变化: (NJ{>@&
Mother bought me a book/a book for me. c{q+h V=
妈妈给我买了一本书。 V DFgu
He got me a chair/a chair for me. {R1]tGOf
他给我弄了一把椅子。 }M07-qIX{
Please do me a favor/a favor for me. >AJ/!{jD*
请帮我一下。 8Pn
He asked me a question/a question of me. K~(RV4oF8B
他问我个问题。 pbMANZU[
注意,下边动词只有一种说法: 66=[6U9 *
They robbed the old man of his money. 8ro`lX*F@2
他们抢了老人的钱。 LU3pCM{
He's warned me of the danger. vs@d)$N
他警告我注意危险。 yF)o_OA[uR
The doctor has cured him of his disease. *|rdR2R!
医生治好了他的病。 XYcZ;Z 9:
We must rid the house of th erats. $QJ3~mG2
我们必须赶走屋里的老鼠。 5`h 6oFxGp
They deprived him of his right to speak. ,np=m17
他们剥夺了他说话的权利。 \/Y(m4<P
5.S十V十O十C句式 _}[
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在此句式中,V是有宾语补足语的及物动词。常带宾语补足语的词有形容词、副词、介词短语、名词、不定式、现在分词、过去分词。 a;o0#I#Si
常见的可接宾语补足语的动词很多,哪些动词可接哪几种形式作宾补,须根据动词的惯用法而定,不能统而概论。请看下面的例子。
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They made the girl angry. !j!w$
他们使这个女孩生气了。 Wn<?_}sa|z
They found her happy that day. *@rA7zPFf
他们发现那天她很高兴。 N* g
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I found him out. yi$
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我发现他出去了。 ;4O[/;i
I saw him in. WwmYJl0
我见他在家。 1/$PxQ
They saw a foot mark in the sand. z5@XFaQ
他们发现沙地上有脚印。 :zL)O
They named the boy Charlie. |/,SNE
他们给这个男孩起名为查理。 +C%6jGGh
I saw him come in and go out. +n1!xv]
我见他进来又出去。 KjGu !B
They felt the car moving fast. }geb959
他们感到汽车行驶得很快。 ~&Z>fgOTJ
I heard the glass broken just now. lY,^
我刚才听到玻璃碎了。 O:?3B!wF
He found the doctor of study closed to him. Sz5t~U=G
他发现研究所的大门对他关闭了。 '!m6^*m|c
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