英语中基本句式 z^(6>U
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英语句子看上去纷繁庞杂,但仔细观察不外乎五个基本句式。这五个基本句式可以演变出多种复杂的英语句子。换言之,绝大多数英语句子都是由这五个基本句式生成的。这五个基本句式如下: q\ihye
S十V主谓结构 44s
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S十V十F主系表结构 L,@OOBD
S十V十O主谓宾结构 ]>utLi5dX
S十V十O1十O2 主谓双宾结构 ~&E|;\G
S十V十O十C 主谓宾补结构 eiLtZQ
说明:S=主语;V=谓语;P=表语;O=宾语;O1=间接宾语;O2=直接宾语;C=宾语补足语 $Cu/!GA4.>
五个基本句式详细解释如下: E\M{/.4 4
1.S十V句式 4SG22$7 W
在此句式中,V是不及物动词,又叫自动词(vi.)。例如: dhW; |
He runs quickly. K;2]c3T
他跑得快。 q.(p.uD
They listened carefully. ~"l
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他们听得很仔细。 -t9oL3J
He suffered from cold and hunger. (考试大) N0s)Nao4
他挨冻受饿。 `92 D]^g
China belongs to the third world country. .?SClTqg
中国属于第三世界国家。 bw*@0;
The gas has given out. ?o0#h
煤气用完了。 Q, E!Ew3
My ink has run out. dE5DH~ldV
我的钢笔水用完了。 Q6S[sTKR
2.S十V十P句式
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在此句式中,V是系动词(link v.),常见的系动词有:look,seem,appear,sound,feel,taste,smell,grow,get,fall ill/asleep,stand/sit still,become,turn等。例如: |Y<ca
He is older than he looks. }\u~He%
他比看上去要老。 T
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He seen interested in the book. @{_PO{=\C
他似乎对这本书感兴趣。 ~QdwoeaD
The story sounds interesting. o*n""m
这个故事听起来有趣。 4\(;}M-R{
The desk feels hard. kyJv,!};
书桌摸起来很硬。 +2oZB]GPL
The cake tastes nice. 9[N'HpQ3
饼尝起来很香。 if5Y!Tx?G
The flowers smell sweet and nicc. Ao96[2U6
花闻起来香甜。 RA[` Cp"
You have grown taller than before. MC#bo{Bq3-
你长得比以前高了。 fJv0 B*
He has suddenly fallen ill.(examda) `j>qOT
他突然病倒了。 tzpGKhrk6
He stood quite still. 2|}p&~G(
他静静地站看。 *MagicA
He becomes a teacher when he grew up. RAE|eTnna
他长大后当了教师。
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He could never turn traitor to his country. n]Dq
他永远不会背叛他的祖国。 \f66ipZK*
注意:有些动词同时也是及物动词,可构成SVO句式,例如: 4kXx(FE
He looked me up and down. 7
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他上下打量我。 cJ8*[H<NV
He reached his hand to feel the elephant. ZQBo|8*
他伸出手来摸象。
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They are tasting the fish. ;
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他们在品尝鱼。 Fah}#,
They grow rice in their home town. c7rYG]
他们在家乡种水稻。 M3z7P.\G
He's got a chair to sit on. 0)2lBfHQ&
他有椅子坐。 1~`gfHI4
Please turn the sentence into English. rz7yAm
请把这个句于泽成英语。 0N
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3.S十V十O句式
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在此句式中,V是及物动词(vt.),因此有宾语。例如: #&8Opo(
I saw a film yesterday. @pS[_!EqYz
我昨天看了一部电影。 &0C!P=-p
Have you read the story? 57MoO
你读过这个故事吗? ?,8b-U#A1
They found their home easily. Rw\DJJrz
他们很容易找到他们的家。 r=[}
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They built a house last year. =H?Nb:s
他们去年建了一所房子。 QV 'y6m\
They've put up a factory in the village. h n]6he
他们在村里建了一座工厂。
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They have taken good care of the children. H
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这些孩子他们照看得很好。 o{Ep/O`
You should look after your children well. :OZhEBL&b
你应该好好照看你的孩子。 HWU{521
4.S十V十O1十O2句式 zF$wz1
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在此句式中,V是带有双宾语的及物动词。常见的须带双宾语的动词有give,ask,bring,offer,send,pay,lend,show,tell,buy,get;rob,warn等。例如: gjWH
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He gave me a book/a book to me. lpM{@JC
他给我一本书。 +~v(*s C
He brought me a pen/a pen to me.
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他带给我一枝钢笔。 >dGYZfqD
He offered me his seat/his seat to me. wz#n$W3mGf
他把座位让给我。 gA|j\T{c
注意下边动词改写后介词的变化: 7L6M#B[)e5
Mother bought me a book/a book for me. 6;*(6$
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妈妈给我买了一本书。 F{+`F<r
He got me a chair/a chair for me. F"C Yrt
他给我弄了一把椅子。 y_&XF>k91
Please do me a favor/a favor for me. $gTPW,~s[
请帮我一下。 3Cl9,Z"&6$
He asked me a question/a question of me. AVWrD[ wD2
他问我个问题。 2Qj)@&zKe#
注意,下边动词只有一种说法: 2cl~Va=
They robbed the old man of his money. 7A6sSfPUy
他们抢了老人的钱。 #w@Pa L iS
He's warned me of the danger. A{%;Hd`0/
他警告我注意危险。 -EaZ<d[|0
The doctor has cured him of his disease. k]iS3+nD
医生治好了他的病。 U;@jl?jnG
We must rid the house of th erats. z-G (!]:
我们必须赶走屋里的老鼠。 PgAfR:Y!
They deprived him of his right to speak. 3(&F.&C$$
他们剥夺了他说话的权利。 ZB&
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5.S十V十O十C句式 eHe /w9`$R
在此句式中,V是有宾语补足语的及物动词。常带宾语补足语的词有形容词、副词、介词短语、名词、不定式、现在分词、过去分词。 eb\`)MI/
常见的可接宾语补足语的动词很多,哪些动词可接哪几种形式作宾补,须根据动词的惯用法而定,不能统而概论。请看下面的例子。 JUFO.m^w
They made the girl angry. O$/swwB!
他们使这个女孩生气了。 5#\p>}[HG
They found her happy that day. oZ[ w
他们发现那天她很高兴。 m!g8@YI
I found him out. hp4(f W
我发现他出去了。 yZ
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I saw him in. gDNW~?/
我见他在家。 s.)w
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They saw a foot mark in the sand. re J?38(
他们发现沙地上有脚印。 {~g
They named the boy Charlie. "Cj#bUw
他们给这个男孩起名为查理。 <h51KPo^P
I saw him come in and go out. kw ^ Sbxm
我见他进来又出去。 Sr 4 7u{n
They felt the car moving fast. gGml
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他们感到汽车行驶得很快。 wLe&y4
I heard the glass broken just now. #@s~V<rW
我刚才听到玻璃碎了。 VDjIs UUX
He found the doctor of study closed to him. gr{Sh`Cm-
他发现研究所的大门对他关闭了。 U2lC !j%K
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