英语中基本句式 3j3N!T9
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英语句子看上去纷繁庞杂,但仔细观察不外乎五个基本句式。这五个基本句式可以演变出多种复杂的英语句子。换言之,绝大多数英语句子都是由这五个基本句式生成的。这五个基本句式如下: F5o+kz$;
S十V主谓结构 fA89|NTSUh
S十V十F主系表结构 H:"maS\I
S十V十O主谓宾结构 o6//IOZ
S十V十O1十O2 主谓双宾结构
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S十V十O十C 主谓宾补结构 puT'y
说明:S=主语;V=谓语;P=表语;O=宾语;O1=间接宾语;O2=直接宾语;C=宾语补足语 N<DGw?Rl
五个基本句式详细解释如下: B-l'vVx
1.S十V句式 rSrIEP,c'
在此句式中,V是不及物动词,又叫自动词(vi.)。例如: 1IVuSp`{FU
He runs quickly. V <bd;m
他跑得快。 cYqfsd# B
They listened carefully. Ge<nxl<Bd
他们听得很仔细。 f^VP/rdg
He suffered from cold and hunger. (考试大) ]7e =fM9V;
他挨冻受饿。 rylzcN9RM$
China belongs to the third world country. $1v&azM.
中国属于第三世界国家。 P@FHnh3}Z$
The gas has given out. xNbPsoK
煤气用完了。 p}cw{
My ink has run out. 9:M`
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我的钢笔水用完了。 -a-(r'Qc(
2.S十V十P句式 y:6; LZ9[
在此句式中,V是系动词(link v.),常见的系动词有:look,seem,appear,sound,feel,taste,smell,grow,get,fall ill/asleep,stand/sit still,become,turn等。例如: ^#sU*trr
He is older than he looks. =AuR:Tx
他比看上去要老。 KRA/MQ^7~U
He seen interested in the book. rvw)-=qR[
他似乎对这本书感兴趣。 ,I,\ml
The story sounds interesting. ynrT a..
这个故事听起来有趣。 )vSRHE
The desk feels hard.
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书桌摸起来很硬。 aca=yDs2
The cake tastes nice. (I./ Uu%
饼尝起来很香。 -jiG7OL
The flowers smell sweet and nicc. &oX>*6L
花闻起来香甜。 =z
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You have grown taller than before. Dg?:/=,=9r
你长得比以前高了。 ?pd8w#O
He has suddenly fallen ill.(examda) s']Bx=
他突然病倒了。 T]c%!&^_
He stood quite still. {.INnFGP@)
他静静地站看。 (R("H/6xs
He becomes a teacher when he grew up. {Sj9%2'M)
他长大后当了教师。 W}mn}gTQ
He could never turn traitor to his country. N <Xq]!
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他永远不会背叛他的祖国。 e-EUf
注意:有些动词同时也是及物动词,可构成SVO句式,例如: pWJFz-
He looked me up and down. |3KLk ?2
他上下打量我。 j=r P:#
He reached his hand to feel the elephant. :BV6y|J9O^
他伸出手来摸象。 %#xaA'?
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They are tasting the fish. `M^=
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他们在品尝鱼。 oV|4V:G q
They grow rice in their home town. 2OVRf0.R~
他们在家乡种水稻。 f@|A[>"V
He's got a chair to sit on. 8&qZ0GLaT
他有椅子坐。 ]Hefm?9*^
Please turn the sentence into English. I7n"&{s"*
请把这个句于泽成英语。 4i(JZN?
3.S十V十O句式 ]\hSI){
在此句式中,V是及物动词(vt.),因此有宾语。例如: 67G?K;)e
I saw a film yesterday. ?!d&E?9\
我昨天看了一部电影。 'R'*kxf
Have you read the story? S79;^X
你读过这个故事吗? f$Fhf?'
They found their home easily. deV
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他们很容易找到他们的家。 2j}\3Pi
They built a house last year.
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他们去年建了一所房子。 J$GUB3
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They've put up a factory in the village. xqG[~)~
他们在村里建了一座工厂。 x7!L{(E3
They have taken good care of the children. :~tAUy":_*
这些孩子他们照看得很好。 '$ =>
You should look after your children well. i]
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你应该好好照看你的孩子。 7byK{{/z
4.S十V十O1十O2句式 D%OQ e#!
在此句式中,V是带有双宾语的及物动词。常见的须带双宾语的动词有give,ask,bring,offer,send,pay,lend,show,tell,buy,get;rob,warn等。例如: CYs,`
He gave me a book/a book to me. Vt %bI0#
他给我一本书。 hKLCJ#T
He brought me a pen/a pen to me. "55skmD.P
他带给我一枝钢笔。 *`ua'"="k
He offered me his seat/his seat to me. bMg(B-uF7
他把座位让给我。 -Ta9 pxZk
注意下边动词改写后介词的变化: la0BiLzb]
Mother bought me a book/a book for me. 4sF"6+%5d
妈妈给我买了一本书。 xW)2<m6C&
He got me a chair/a chair for me. jnK WZ/R
他给我弄了一把椅子。 EUD~CZhS"k
Please do me a favor/a favor for me. ]'!f28Ng-
请帮我一下。 R]c+?4J
He asked me a question/a question of me. +7D|4
他问我个问题。 `<``8
注意,下边动词只有一种说法: -LK
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They robbed the old man of his money. QUq_:t+Dv
他们抢了老人的钱。 &gVN&
He's warned me of the danger. kO.%9wFbz
他警告我注意危险。 _E &A{HkJ
The doctor has cured him of his disease. 0bceI
医生治好了他的病。 f=(?J
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We must rid the house of th erats. 5,3'=mA6
我们必须赶走屋里的老鼠。 XX7{-Yy
They deprived him of his right to speak. ,X[ktz
他们剥夺了他说话的权利。 I
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5.S十V十O十C句式 V]|^&A_c
在此句式中,V是有宾语补足语的及物动词。常带宾语补足语的词有形容词、副词、介词短语、名词、不定式、现在分词、过去分词。 &oP+$;Y
常见的可接宾语补足语的动词很多,哪些动词可接哪几种形式作宾补,须根据动词的惯用法而定,不能统而概论。请看下面的例子。
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They made the girl angry. 5gb|w\N>
他们使这个女孩生气了。 IpINH3odT
They found her happy that day. "Q}#^h]F
他们发现那天她很高兴。 ;kFDMuuO
I found him out. T%.8'9
我发现他出去了。 ~ZmN44?R
I saw him in. <6EeD5{*
我见他在家。 6_J$UBT
They saw a foot mark in the sand. AYt%`Y.!
他们发现沙地上有脚印。 RHaI ~jb
They named the boy Charlie. O!mvJD
他们给这个男孩起名为查理。 `>gd&u
I saw him come in and go out. 6%'.A]"
我见他进来又出去。 Y'c>:;JEe
They felt the car moving fast. bV(Y`g
他们感到汽车行驶得很快。 3*]eigi)
I heard the glass broken just now. 1{r3#MVL
我刚才听到玻璃碎了。 *EOdEFsR/
He found the doctor of study closed to him. xAqb\|$^
他发现研究所的大门对他关闭了。 V^7V[(~`
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