英语中基本句式 8om)A0S
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英语句子看上去纷繁庞杂,但仔细观察不外乎五个基本句式。这五个基本句式可以演变出多种复杂的英语句子。换言之,绝大多数英语句子都是由这五个基本句式生成的。这五个基本句式如下: 67]!
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S十V主谓结构 a3C\?5
S十V十F主系表结构 } T&~DVM
S十V十O主谓宾结构 .wf$]oQQ
S十V十O1十O2 主谓双宾结构 Oj#/R?%,X
S十V十O十C 主谓宾补结构 vBYk"a6SD
说明:S=主语;V=谓语;P=表语;O=宾语;O1=间接宾语;O2=直接宾语;C=宾语补足语 Y}
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五个基本句式详细解释如下: wG
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1.S十V句式 iHlee=}od
在此句式中,V是不及物动词,又叫自动词(vi.)。例如: J
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He runs quickly. o?S!o}
他跑得快。 Pa-{bhllu)
They listened carefully. 1;JH0~403
他们听得很仔细。 _[,7DA.qc
He suffered from cold and hunger. (考试大) 5#Et.P'
他挨冻受饿。 XvI Y=~
China belongs to the third world country. ZG8Xr"
中国属于第三世界国家。 lK3{~\J-
The gas has given out. .svlJSx
煤气用完了。 \?"p]&2UcB
My ink has run out. FY"csZ
我的钢笔水用完了。 $fG~;`T
2.S十V十P句式 [Nu py,v
在此句式中,V是系动词(link v.),常见的系动词有:look,seem,appear,sound,feel,taste,smell,grow,get,fall ill/asleep,stand/sit still,become,turn等。例如: a([8r- zP
He is older than he looks. 6rMNp"!
他比看上去要老。 i!yE#zew
He seen interested in the book. YRu#JYti
他似乎对这本书感兴趣。 :H>0
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The story sounds interesting.
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这个故事听起来有趣。 I-m Bj8^;
The desk feels hard. GrI<w.9X
书桌摸起来很硬。 i JS7g
The cake tastes nice. kY{;(b3Q
饼尝起来很香。 J=b'b%
The flowers smell sweet and nicc. X<&Y5\%F
花闻起来香甜。 `o?PLE;)p
You have grown taller than before. fT{%zJU
你长得比以前高了。 Y6m:d&p=}
He has suddenly fallen ill.(examda) :Z+Jt=;
他突然病倒了。 %H4>k#b@$
He stood quite still. =3EjD;2
他静静地站看。 pj Md
He becomes a teacher when he grew up. ^.c<b_(=h
他长大后当了教师。 ydMSL25<+
He could never turn traitor to his country. tgY/8&$M
他永远不会背叛他的祖国。 +0)H~
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注意:有些动词同时也是及物动词,可构成SVO句式,例如: 1vdG
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He looked me up and down. ,n$NF0^l
他上下打量我。 5,?^SK|'x
He reached his hand to feel the elephant. _gw paAJ
他伸出手来摸象。 a3L-q>h
They are tasting the fish. OoQLR
他们在品尝鱼。 8`_tnARIX
They grow rice in their home town. F
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他们在家乡种水稻。 <==6fc>s
He's got a chair to sit on. Zgo%Jo
他有椅子坐。 CZf38$6 X
Please turn the sentence into English. @hy~H?XN
请把这个句于泽成英语。 k"6&&
3.S十V十O句式 ;vy<!@Y;8
在此句式中,V是及物动词(vt.),因此有宾语。例如: D 9UM8Hxi
I saw a film yesterday. N_/+B]r }T
我昨天看了一部电影。 r1 b"ta
Have you read the story? 3,n" d-
你读过这个故事吗? *K BaKS
They found their home easily. "C?H:8W
他们很容易找到他们的家。 e^;%w#tEqI
They built a house last year. s+(@U
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他们去年建了一所房子。 ~/XDA:nfL:
They've put up a factory in the village. }Rw6+;
他们在村里建了一座工厂。 vmh>|N4a7
They have taken good care of the children. J57; X=M
这些孩子他们照看得很好。 (4#iLs
You should look after your children well. E^$8nqCL:
你应该好好照看你的孩子。 Ubgn^+AI
4.S十V十O1十O2句式 +(y8q
在此句式中,V是带有双宾语的及物动词。常见的须带双宾语的动词有give,ask,bring,offer,send,pay,lend,show,tell,buy,get;rob,warn等。例如: ]k'^yc{5
He gave me a book/a book to me. { {
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他给我一本书。 0a
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He brought me a pen/a pen to me. tY:
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他带给我一枝钢笔。 -m@PqJF^
He offered me his seat/his seat to me. g[bu9i
他把座位让给我。 /V63yzoY
注意下边动词改写后介词的变化: #<Lv&-U<KT
Mother bought me a book/a book for me. A=IpP}7J
妈妈给我买了一本书。 _ Yc"{d3S
He got me a chair/a chair for me. Ow.DBL)x'>
他给我弄了一把椅子。 IvlfX`("
Please do me a favor/a favor for me. C ocw%Yl
请帮我一下。 vZ811U~}
He asked me a question/a question of me. w52py7
他问我个问题。 &1R#!|h1W
注意,下边动词只有一种说法: RRV%g!
They robbed the old man of his money. MtaGv#mJ
他们抢了老人的钱。 +:4>4=
He's warned me of the danger. ^X}r ^
他警告我注意危险。 @!u{>!~0
The doctor has cured him of his disease. *YL86R+U
医生治好了他的病。 ;{L[1OP%e
We must rid the house of th erats. 2[HPU M2>
我们必须赶走屋里的老鼠。 xr7}@rq"U<
They deprived him of his right to speak. RL/y7M1j
他们剥夺了他说话的权利。 NjpW
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5.S十V十O十C句式 [rWBVfm
在此句式中,V是有宾语补足语的及物动词。常带宾语补足语的词有形容词、副词、介词短语、名词、不定式、现在分词、过去分词。 1*2ycf
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常见的可接宾语补足语的动词很多,哪些动词可接哪几种形式作宾补,须根据动词的惯用法而定,不能统而概论。请看下面的例子。 PJ0~ymE1~G
They made the girl angry. ?d^6ynzn
他们使这个女孩生气了。 \)r M C]
They found her happy that day. 6V%}2YE?X
他们发现那天她很高兴。 hxH6Ii]\
I found him out. ] xHiy+
我发现他出去了。 n]`]gLF\i
I saw him in. -X!<$<\y;
我见他在家。 q+9->D(6
They saw a foot mark in the sand. uX3yq<lK"
他们发现沙地上有脚印。 D]fuX|f~ul
They named the boy Charlie. ''@Tke3IG6
他们给这个男孩起名为查理。 j \jMN*dmV
I saw him come in and go out. G\dPGPPM
我见他进来又出去。 //BJaWq
They felt the car moving fast. hdx_Tduue
他们感到汽车行驶得很快。 jmwN 1Se>
I heard the glass broken just now. rIPfO'T?
我刚才听到玻璃碎了。 jH9PD
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He found the doctor of study closed to him. 7>y]uT@ar
他发现研究所的大门对他关闭了。 mc%.
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