英语中基本句式 ebl)6C
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英语句子看上去纷繁庞杂,但仔细观察不外乎五个基本句式。这五个基本句式可以演变出多种复杂的英语句子。换言之,绝大多数英语句子都是由这五个基本句式生成的。这五个基本句式如下: v"G%5pq*\
S十V主谓结构 #NVF\
S十V十F主系表结构 Bsih<`KF^
S十V十O主谓宾结构 QTrlQH&p
S十V十O1十O2 主谓双宾结构 <?=mLOo=
S十V十O十C 主谓宾补结构 Npf7 p
说明:S=主语;V=谓语;P=表语;O=宾语;O1=间接宾语;O2=直接宾语;C=宾语补足语 D~i@. k
五个基本句式详细解释如下: t^bdi}[
1.S十V句式 6|"!sW`%N
在此句式中,V是不及物动词,又叫自动词(vi.)。例如: Gn2
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He runs quickly. nDoiG#N0
他跑得快。 wn A%Nh7
They listened carefully. q|]0on~]
他们听得很仔细。 =|WV^0=S'%
He suffered from cold and hunger. (考试大) 44fq1<.K
他挨冻受饿。 #.<F 5
China belongs to the third world country. HC;I0&v>
中国属于第三世界国家。 N|Cy!E=d
The gas has given out. XnI
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煤气用完了。 ==jw3_W
My ink has run out. ,p/b$d1p
我的钢笔水用完了。 v(Zi;?c
2.S十V十P句式 1uS>{M
在此句式中,V是系动词(link v.),常见的系动词有:look,seem,appear,sound,feel,taste,smell,grow,get,fall ill/asleep,stand/sit still,become,turn等。例如: g0:4zeL
He is older than he looks. =`\,2Nb
他比看上去要老。 |C)UZ4A/p
He seen interested in the book. /@nRL
他似乎对这本书感兴趣。 >eG&gc@$1$
The story sounds interesting. >K|G LP
这个故事听起来有趣。 | 8L`osg
The desk feels hard. zyp"*0zUr
书桌摸起来很硬。 EAd:`X,Y
The cake tastes nice. !{ESeBSCG
饼尝起来很香。 ^3)2]>pW
The flowers smell sweet and nicc. r?yJ
花闻起来香甜。 }
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You have grown taller than before. `jQ}^wEgu
你长得比以前高了。 }
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He has suddenly fallen ill.(examda) V&+$Vq
他突然病倒了。 }B
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He stood quite still. ExP25T
他静静地站看。 v4>"p!_C
He becomes a teacher when he grew up. @ Rb1)$~#
他长大后当了教师。 \y )4`A
He could never turn traitor to his country. ]vkHU6d
他永远不会背叛他的祖国。 .yfqS|(
注意:有些动词同时也是及物动词,可构成SVO句式,例如: 2au(8IWu
He looked me up and down. ~W *j^+T"
他上下打量我。 P ~
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He reached his hand to feel the elephant. *;yMD-=
他伸出手来摸象。 kmr
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They are tasting the fish. iN4'jD^oP
他们在品尝鱼。 ftU5A@(T
They grow rice in their home town. MirBJL
他们在家乡种水稻。 2-c0/?_4
He's got a chair to sit on. ftH%, /,
他有椅子坐。 Y9L
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Please turn the sentence into English. Ahbu >LPk
请把这个句于泽成英语。 LqsJHG
3.S十V十O句式 GXlg%
在此句式中,V是及物动词(vt.),因此有宾语。例如: 1`_)%Y[ZJ
I saw a film yesterday. PQ"%Z.F"
我昨天看了一部电影。 _";pk _
Have you read the story? "}+/0$F
你读过这个故事吗? Od]xIk+E
They found their home easily.
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他们很容易找到他们的家。 6jo&i
They built a house last year. l4reG:uYG
他们去年建了一所房子。
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They've put up a factory in the village. pDq_nx9
他们在村里建了一座工厂。 /(pChY>
They have taken good care of the children. j$oZIV7
这些孩子他们照看得很好。 H^:|`T|,
You should look after your children well. swL|Ff`$
你应该好好照看你的孩子。 l*H"]6cXRL
4.S十V十O1十O2句式 " z'!il#
在此句式中,V是带有双宾语的及物动词。常见的须带双宾语的动词有give,ask,bring,offer,send,pay,lend,show,tell,buy,get;rob,warn等。例如: =T}uQ$X
He gave me a book/a book to me. S5a<L_
他给我一本书。 #e>MNc
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He brought me a pen/a pen to me. qJt gnk|
他带给我一枝钢笔。 7e[\0:Z
He offered me his seat/his seat to me. 3*2pacHpE
他把座位让给我。 Nb/%>3O@
注意下边动词改写后介词的变化: Rj`Y X0?+
Mother bought me a book/a book for me. S]/+n>
妈妈给我买了一本书。 YH9]T,
He got me a chair/a chair for me. ~'=4K/39
他给我弄了一把椅子。 ~"Ki2'j)^]
Please do me a favor/a favor for me. *G41%uz
请帮我一下。 Z"+!ayA7D
He asked me a question/a question of me. ", )
他问我个问题。 ]t;5kj/
注意,下边动词只有一种说法: c%.&F
They robbed the old man of his money. N@0scfO6<
他们抢了老人的钱。 =
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He's warned me of the danger. q8>Q,F`BA
他警告我注意危险。 hGV/P94
The doctor has cured him of his disease. oD\+ 5[x
医生治好了他的病。 1PSb72h<
We must rid the house of th erats. ( mlc']F
我们必须赶走屋里的老鼠。 Shz;)0To
They deprived him of his right to speak. )zo ;r!eP
他们剥夺了他说话的权利。 d*L'`BBsp
5.S十V十O十C句式 9l]IE,u
在此句式中,V是有宾语补足语的及物动词。常带宾语补足语的词有形容词、副词、介词短语、名词、不定式、现在分词、过去分词。 z?,5v`,t2
常见的可接宾语补足语的动词很多,哪些动词可接哪几种形式作宾补,须根据动词的惯用法而定,不能统而概论。请看下面的例子。 7<D_ h/WV
They made the girl angry. ]XU#i#;c
他们使这个女孩生气了。 |=s3
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They found her happy that day. DAW%?(\,
他们发现那天她很高兴。 pdSyx>rJ
I found him out. h6/Z_Y
我发现他出去了。 bAp`lmFI
I saw him in. 3yN1cd"#?
我见他在家。 d%bL_I)
They saw a foot mark in the sand. rej[G!
他们发现沙地上有脚印。
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They named the boy Charlie.
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他们给这个男孩起名为查理。 uk,f}Xc
I saw him come in and go out.
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我见他进来又出去。 9[Mu
They felt the car moving fast. u2QJDLMJv
他们感到汽车行驶得很快。 A7H=#L+C
I heard the glass broken just now. P6Ei!t,>
我刚才听到玻璃碎了。 'mF}+v^
He found the doctor of study closed to him. 6F2}|c
他发现研究所的大门对他关闭了。 lV8Mr6m
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