考博英语语法重点总结 ^ meU&
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独立主格、虚拟语气、非谓语动词、主谓一致、倒装 ^:}C,lIrG
独立主格特征 LZ.X cy
1. 充当句子的状语。 y,6kL2DM
2. 有自己的主语，同句子的主语不一致。 tE
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3. 名词（代词，形容词，副词，介词）+ 分词 U^% )B I
4. With + 名词 （代词） + 分词 (形容词） AE~@F4MK
例：a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. ! H{>c@i
b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. HavlN}h
c) he entered the room, with his hands open（holding a rifle). r>TOJVT&]
真题剖析 >5"e<mwD7d
(1995) 45 cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are 46 of the material which would 47 feed them. Cc,V ]
45. A. For B. As C. With D. Because UK1 )U)*+
练习：Do what you need to do to keep the wolf __7__ from the door, the world __8__ your thesis adviser, team leader, or laboratory director. Then use the rest of your time, perhaps at night or on the weekends, to do __9__ you really want to do. =5V7212
8. A. is B. having C. being D. be m<kJH<! j
虚拟语气 4
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虚拟语气（2） v+`'%E
1. （should）+动词原形 O>a1S*mxP
It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 + G[zE
It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 Il(o[Q>jJ3
It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 CSq|R-@< U
部分名词/动词(表示建议，劝告，决定等) +that从句 vCSC:
2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 0GeL">v,:=
would rather +动词过去式 NH}o`x/
真题剖析 g ,M-[o=Fk
(1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I 47 say that teaching is hard work . … "::2] 3e
47. A. do B. did C. don’t D. didn’t %dq%+yw{%m
(1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration 52 , and they 53 that the professor be sent home. 8>6<GdGL<n
53. A. ordered B. pleaded C. decided D. demanded ID! S}D
练习：Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time that we__15__ this message to heart. y R l
15. A. took B. would take C. will take D. should take Ak('4j!*}^
(2003.3) It is edifying, and it is a source of inner satisfaction even __54__ other facets of life prove disappointing. {=mGXd`x?l
(even if other facets of life should prove disappointing.) 8wOscL f:
54.A. shall B.will C.would D.should Y)1J8kq_
非谓语动词 ]&q<O0^'
动名词、分词、不定式。 (l-= /6-
主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done)
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发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) 0H^*VUyW/
To在什么情况下作介词，什么情况下作不定式引导词。 kh2TD xa&
真题剖析 FdzdoMY
(2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies 60 into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. j3/6hE>
60. A. dropped B. to drop C. dropping D.drops :DNI\TmhJ
(2001.3) A heroin addict, for instance, leads a 59 life: his increasing need for heroin in increasing doses prevents him from working, from maintaining relationships, from developing in human ways. <f8j^
59. A. destructive B. dissatisfied C. damaged D. derivative ~M} K]Li
主谓一致 8
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1. 整体及抽象概念作主语，谓语通常用单数形式。 j=M%*`@
How you got there doesn’t concern me. 0+@:f^3]!
Growing vegetables needs constant watering. Xy= ETV%
2. 表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语，谓语多用单数。 7_l
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Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. 1v`|mU}i,
3. 以-s结尾的专有名词（linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等），谓语通常用单数形式。 Hv,ll1@h
4. “分数或百分数+主语”，谓语跟主语保持一致。
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Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). qAH^BrJ
5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语，谓语用单数。 M57<e`m
Everyone knows that you’ve come here. ,-E'059
If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back. (--thing 的情况例外) }s<;YC
6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致（as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等） Z Se30Rl\
He no less than John is interested in literature. Jk&!(YK&
7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) Kd+E]$F_OH
Either my father or my brothers are coming. 63Gq5dF
8. each,every,many a, no …+主语，谓语用单数。 ut560,h~
Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. }kvix{
真题剖析 xlwf @XW
(2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year, 54 of urbanization ever recorded. [(#)9/3,
53. A. none B. few C. any D. some i^.eX
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倒装 nTr ]NBR
全部倒装 IA. 7If&k
1. “There (Here) +be+主语” Ru*
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There stand big buildings in this district. $G "\@Y C<
Here on the desk lies a pile of books. $RY GAh
2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆，如it blew up.) H OWpTu(
In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. bs)wxU`Q*
3. 介词短语作状语位于句首 *|\bS "
In the middle of the room stood the naughty boy. Z J)Z
4. 表语位于句首 rY^uOrR>j*
Especially remarkable was his flat nose. /}U)|6- B
Not far from here is a famous university. #n|5ng|CJ
5. so,nor, neither, no more 位于句首,代表前文 1%B9xLq
She wasn’t angry, and neither was I. #9DJ k,
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Peter doesn’t like pop music. No more does his brother. n)q8y0if
6. 分词短语位于句首（分词+be +主语） z[_Y,I
Gone forever were the days that we depended on foreign oil. C $+Q,guM
部分倒装 d
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1. 疑问句 T=42]h
2. 否定副词(seldom, rarely, scarcely, hardly, little, never, few, not until, not only) 位于句首（作形容词时例外） wQy~5+LE
Never did John speak rudely to his parents. dR\yRC]I
3. “only+状语”位于句首 qF bj~ec
Only when he comes back can be leave.
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4. “hardly…when”, “scarcely…when”, “no sooner…than”, “not only…(but also)” 位于句首 q`2d L)E
No sooner had he got into the classroom than the class began. e7xv~C>g
5. not,no组成的词组位于句首(in no way, under no circumstances, on no account…)
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By no means should you break the rules. oz=ULPZ%
At no time should we give in to difficulties. PsNrCe%e
6. 虚拟倒装(had, were, should放到句首) V||b%Cb1g
7. “形容词/名词/动词+as/though（尽管,虽然）+be动词” 18F}3t??
Small though the room is, it can hold more than twenty people. RDDA^U7y#
Search as they would, they could find nothing in the house. iKPgiL~
