考博英语语法重点总结 JZW gr&O<
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独立主格、虚拟语气、非谓语动词、主谓一致、倒装 ERUs0na]
独立主格特征 pg} ~vb"
1. 充当句子的状语。 M(_^'3u
2. 有自己的主语，同句子的主语不一致。 b*btkaVue
3. 名词（代词，形容词，副词，介词）+ 分词 |h#DL$
4. With + 名词 （代词） + 分词 (形容词） t-.2 +6"\
例：a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. 3*CzXK>`M&
b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. 1zh$ IYrd
c) he entered the room, with his hands open（holding a rifle). 3I'M6 WA
真题剖析 ~a
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(1995) 45 cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are 46 of the material which would 47 feed them.
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45. A. For B. As C. With D. Because C1ZFA![
练习：Do what you need to do to keep the wolf __7__ from the door, the world __8__ your thesis adviser, team leader, or laboratory director. Then use the rest of your time, perhaps at night or on the weekends, to do __9__ you really want to do. 2E@ C0Ha L
8. A. is B. having C. being D. be
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虚拟语气 m1^dT_7Z
虚拟语气（2） t!J";l
1. （should）+动词原形 \SYPu,ZT
It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 ,Hik (2
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It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 ]%NO"HzF~
It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 +Z 9 3`
部分名词/动词(表示建议，劝告，决定等) +that从句 R-g>W
2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 a -z23$3
would rather +动词过去式 ^yn[QWFO
真题剖析 O4 +SD
(1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I 47 say that teaching is hard work . … fl
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47. A. do B. did C. don’t D. didn’t qB+:#Yrx /
(1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration 52 , and they 53 that the professor be sent home. <6d{k[7fz)
53. A. ordered B. pleaded C. decided D. demanded M^|"be~{'
练习：Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time that we__15__ this message to heart. |x _ -I#H
15. A. took B. would take C. will take D. should take _0DXQS\
(2003.3) It is edifying, and it is a source of inner satisfaction even __54__ other facets of life prove disappointing. O4b-A3:
(even if other facets of life should prove disappointing.) 42n@:5`{+
54.A. shall B.will C.would D.should L]/\C{}k
非谓语动词 4%',scn
动名词、分词、不定式。 %S(#cf!HP
主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) eI/\I:G{f
发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) S`GXiwk
To在什么情况下作介词，什么情况下作不定式引导词。 +e
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真题剖析 Pv{,aV\I}
(2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies 60 into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. l ) )~ &
60. A. dropped B. to drop C. dropping D.drops j(@g
(2001.3) A heroin addict, for instance, leads a 59 life: his increasing need for heroin in increasing doses prevents him from working, from maintaining relationships, from developing in human ways. vUo.BA#;.b
59. A. destructive B. dissatisfied C. damaged D. derivative V<~_OF
主谓一致 @ MlU!oR&
1. 整体及抽象概念作主语，谓语通常用单数形式。 9d,]_l.sB
How you got there doesn’t concern me. % L %1g
Growing vegetables needs constant watering. ^;Hi/KvM\
2. 表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语，谓语多用单数。 }0Kqy;
Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. JT.\f,z&
3. 以-s结尾的专有名词（linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等），谓语通常用单数形式。 .qqb> 7|q
4. “分数或百分数+主语”，谓语跟主语保持一致。 [c
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Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). ! 6p)t[ s
5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语，谓语用单数。 L?D~~Jb
Everyone knows that you’ve come here. cmr6,3_
If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back. (--thing 的情况例外) ) v[Knp'
6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致（as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等） 02 # b:
He no less than John is interested in literature. LjH&f 4mY
7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) D|Ih e%w-
Either my father or my brothers are coming. P/gb+V=g!
8. each,every,many a, no …+主语，谓语用单数。 cO=UswIkwO
Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. :#W>SO
真题剖析 YP\4XI
(2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year, 54 of urbanization ever recorded. c
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53. A. none B. few C. any D. some RESGI}u
倒装 Lm*LJ_+ B
全部倒装 (;Q <@PZg
1. “There (Here) +be+主语” lc$@
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There stand big buildings in this district. &J&w4"0N'
Here on the desk lies a pile of books. )ejXeg
2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆，如it blew up.) |H+k?C-w
In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. EhP&L?EL
3. 介词短语作状语位于句首 H'= i
In the middle of the room stood the naughty boy. |Qt`p
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4. 表语位于句首 Alk*
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Especially remarkable was his flat nose. gH{\y5%rO
Not far from here is a famous university.
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5. so,nor, neither, no more 位于句首,代表前文 ^ %*{:0'
She wasn’t angry, and neither was I. BE2\? q-
Peter doesn’t like pop music. No more does his brother. c"sw@<HG
6. 分词短语位于句首（分词+be +主语） VzY P:QRz
Gone forever were the days that we depended on foreign oil. aXK% m
部分倒装 E?q'|f
1. 疑问句 98%tws`
2. 否定副词(seldom, rarely, scarcely, hardly, little, never, few, not until, not only) 位于句首（作形容词时例外） >'1Q"$;
Never did John speak rudely to his parents. K[|P6J
3. “only+状语”位于句首 f+*2K^B
Only when he comes back can be leave. J0W XH/:
4. “hardly…when”, “scarcely…when”, “no sooner…than”, “not only…(but also)” 位于句首 _2 !e !Z
No sooner had he got into the classroom than the class began. fi4/@tV?$L
5. not,no组成的词组位于句首(in no way, under no circumstances, on no account…) BK\~I
By no means should you break the rules. $Q$d\Yvi
At no time should we give in to difficulties. 53&xTcv}x
6. 虚拟倒装(had, were, should放到句首) #/v_ h6$
7. “形容词/名词/动词+as/though（尽管,虽然）+be动词” rnBeL _8 C
Small though the room is, it can hold more than twenty people. C<=p"pWw
Search as they would, they could find nothing in the house. B)cb}.N:
