考博英语语法重点总结 tnQR<
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独立主格、虚拟语气、非谓语动词、主谓一致、倒装 N<#S3B?.
独立主格特征
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1. 充当句子的状语。 9%p7B ~}E
2. 有自己的主语，同句子的主语不一致。 ?D*Hl+i u
3. 名词（代词，形容词，副词，介词）+ 分词 Bi9
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4. With + 名词 （代词） + 分词 (形容词） jRv;D#Hp
例：a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. VfL]O 8P>
b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. [?|l X$<
c) he entered the room, with his hands open（holding a rifle). Q
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真题剖析 fWtb mUq
(1995) 45 cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are 46 of the material which would 47 feed them. htUy2v#V
45. A. For B. As C. With D. Because ,_"7|z wb
练习：Do what you need to do to keep the wolf __7__ from the door, the world __8__ your thesis adviser, team leader, or laboratory director. Then use the rest of your time, perhaps at night or on the weekends, to do __9__ you really want to do. E)&NP}k-P
8. A. is B. having C. being D. be Lu8%q cC
虚拟语气 %fn'iKCB
虚拟语气（2） rQd1Ch
1. （should）+动词原形 yi v RpSL
It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 fd!pM4"0
It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 .NV)hg)|cZ
It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 ! ^Z[z[
部分名词/动词(表示建议，劝告，决定等) +that从句 O Ey:#9<'
2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 sUyCAKebRr
would rather +动词过去式 ~_d BND?
真题剖析 SHXa{-
(1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I 47 say that teaching is hard work . … %9~kA5Qj
47. A. do B. did C. don’t D. didn’t M v7w5vTl
(1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration 52 , and they 53 that the professor be sent home. fw(j6:p
53. A. ordered B. pleaded C. decided D. demanded {L-{
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练习：Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time that we__15__ this message to heart. . T6_N
15. A. took B. would take C. will take D. should take _-|yCo
(2003.3) It is edifying, and it is a source of inner satisfaction even __54__ other facets of life prove disappointing. M Q9 M%>
(even if other facets of life should prove disappointing.) Pjj;.c 7_j
54.A. shall B.will C.would D.should w{ YtTZp3
非谓语动词 X_0{*!v8
动名词、分词、不定式。 $ sA~p_]
主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) C$2o
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发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) z/P^-N>
To在什么情况下作介词，什么情况下作不定式引导词。 %~B)~|h
真题剖析 C~
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(2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies 60 into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. B Z\EqB
60. A. dropped B. to drop C. dropping D.drops Q8gdI
(2001.3) A heroin addict, for instance, leads a 59 life: his increasing need for heroin in increasing doses prevents him from working, from maintaining relationships, from developing in human ways. 72 s$
59. A. destructive B. dissatisfied C. damaged D. derivative % b>y
主谓一致 = An Z>6
1. 整体及抽象概念作主语，谓语通常用单数形式。 R+ #.bQg
How you got there doesn’t concern me. t;e]L'z@:
Growing vegetables needs constant watering. g k_X u
2. 表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语，谓语多用单数。 PTI'N%W
Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. R<0!?`b
3. 以-s结尾的专有名词（linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等），谓语通常用单数形式。 E3.W#=o
4. “分数或百分数+主语”，谓语跟主语保持一致。 y?R <g^A
Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). cVP49r}}v
5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语，谓语用单数。 v0jz)z<#
Everyone knows that you’ve come here. Tm~#wL
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If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back. (--thing 的情况例外) K_lCDiqG
6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致（as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等） {L2Gb(YLW
He no less than John is interested in literature. )Ido|!]0d
7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) R=Ly49
Either my father or my brothers are coming. *V@MAt
8. each,every,many a, no …+主语，谓语用单数。 1Sc~ Vb|>
Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. h> 5~
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真题剖析 xz+`]Q
(2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year, 54 of urbanization ever recorded. cwW~ *90#
53. A. none B. few C. any D. some 5@&i:vs5
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倒装 3xC A\*
全部倒装 \tw#p k
1. “There (Here) +be+主语” +KwF
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There stand big buildings in this district. PK`(qK9
Here on the desk lies a pile of books. A@Yi{&D_Q]
2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆，如it blew up.) !\k#{
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In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. T[! q&kFB
3. 介词短语作状语位于句首 my\oC^/9
In the middle of the room stood the naughty boy. 6~Oj
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4. 表语位于句首 ?KuJs9SM
Especially remarkable was his flat nose. [,A'
Not far from here is a famous university. Ug' nr
5. so,nor, neither, no more 位于句首,代表前文 b+j_EA_b
She wasn’t angry, and neither was I. [N$_@ [
Peter doesn’t like pop music. No more does his brother. %Ja{IWz9L
6. 分词短语位于句首（分词+be +主语） AQNx%
Gone forever were the days that we depended on foreign oil. ghO//?m
部分倒装 Hr,gV2n
1. 疑问句 Ly/~N/<\
2. 否定副词(seldom, rarely, scarcely, hardly, little, never, few, not until, not only) 位于句首（作形容词时例外） ?} Ptb&Vk(
Never did John speak rudely to his parents. 3\l9Sf=M|
3. “only+状语”位于句首 6o23#JgN
Only when he comes back can be leave. NeZYchR
4. “hardly…when”, “scarcely…when”, “no sooner…than”, “not only…(but also)” 位于句首 )PN
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No sooner had he got into the classroom than the class began. oW1olmpp=
5. not,no组成的词组位于句首(in no way, under no circumstances, on no account…) &$Ip$"H
By no means should you break the rules. [
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At no time should we give in to difficulties. <@ex})su
6. 虚拟倒装(had, were, should放到句首) 6] A\8Ty
7. “形容词/名词/动词+as/though（尽管,虽然）+be动词” Y0C<b*!"ST
Small though the room is, it can hold more than twenty people. @ y2Bq['
Search as they would, they could find nothing in the house. soK_l|z:J
