考博英语语法重点总结 @_z4tUP
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独立主格、虚拟语气、非谓语动词、主谓一致、倒装 : "1XPr
独立主格特征 8n>9;D 5 n
1. 充当句子的状语。 ZI=v.wa
2. 有自己的主语，同句子的主语不一致。 }*L(;r)q
3. 名词（代词，形容词，副词，介词）+ 分词 3d|9t9 v
4. With + 名词 （代词） + 分词 (形容词） ` hb%+-lj+
例：a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. !o$!Fr c
b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. x*/S*!vx\
c) he entered the room, with his hands open（holding a rifle). \eFR(gO+
真题剖析 p|]\P%,\
(1995) 45 cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are 46 of the material which would 47 feed them. /E\
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45. A. For B. As C. With D. Because #_u~/jhX
练习：Do what you need to do to keep the wolf __7__ from the door, the world __8__ your thesis adviser, team leader, or laboratory director. Then use the rest of your time, perhaps at night or on the weekends, to do __9__ you really want to do. s~Te
8. A. is B. having C. being D. be s)pbS}L
虚拟语气 p3 ^ m9J
虚拟语气（2） ^U!0-y
1. （should）+动词原形 LEtG|3Dx
It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 d m`E!R_
It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 *IM;tD+7Q~
It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 jB(| ";G
部分名词/动词(表示建议，劝告，决定等) +that从句 =y!$/(H
2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 UNBH
would rather +动词过去式 _FWBUZ;N
真题剖析
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(1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I 47 say that teaching is hard work . …
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47. A. do B. did C. don’t D. didn’t aYSCw 3C
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(1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration 52 , and they 53 that the professor be sent home. 7yh /BZ1
53. A. ordered B. pleaded C. decided D. demanded eYvWZJ a4
练习：Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time that we__15__ this message to heart. # }y2
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15. A. took B. would take C. will take D. should take Kh_Lp$'0uM
(2003.3) It is edifying, and it is a source of inner satisfaction even __54__ other facets of life prove disappointing. M "94#.dKK
(even if other facets of life should prove disappointing.) ;67x0)kn
54.A. shall B.will C.would D.should !/]WrGqbS
非谓语动词 7 36Jq^T
动名词、分词、不定式。
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主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done)
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发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) <d$x .in
To在什么情况下作介词，什么情况下作不定式引导词。 yb KWOp:O
真题剖析 W~7A+=&
(2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies 60 into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. $cU!m(SILQ
60. A. dropped B. to drop C. dropping D.drops |M, iM]
(2001.3) A heroin addict, for instance, leads a 59 life: his increasing need for heroin in increasing doses prevents him from working, from maintaining relationships, from developing in human ways. 7V!*NBsl
59. A. destructive B. dissatisfied C. damaged D. derivative /~$WUAh
主谓一致 IHv[
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1. 整体及抽象概念作主语，谓语通常用单数形式。 f @|A[>"V
How you got there doesn’t concern me. o UQ,61H
Growing vegetables needs constant watering. TI,&!E?;
2. 表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语，谓语多用单数。 HOJs[mqB%
Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. WGZ9B^A
3. 以-s结尾的专有名词（linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等），谓语通常用单数形式。 SPY|K
4. “分数或百分数+主语”，谓语跟主语保持一致。 NRIG 1v>
Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). biU^[g("
5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语，谓语用单数。
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Everyone knows that you’ve come here. nz=G lO'[
If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back. (--thing 的情况例外) K1+)4!}%U
6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致（as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等） eo ?;`7
He no less than John is interested in literature. keX,d#
7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) yy i#Mo
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Either my father or my brothers are coming. YA_c
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8. each,every,many a, no …+主语，谓语用单数。 v,-HU&/*B
Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. c|B.n] Z
真题剖析 IYS)7`{]
(2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year, 54 of urbanization ever recorded. kwo3` b
53. A. none B. few C. any D. some (3 Two}
倒装 Mh:L$f0A%O
全部倒装 #*K}IBz
1. “There (Here) +be+主语” p6# g;$V $
There stand big buildings in this district. *
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Here on the desk lies a pile of books. { GK;63`1
2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆，如it blew up.) _VRpI)mu
In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. l1OE!W W
3. 介词短语作状语位于句首 +./H6!
In the middle of the room stood the naughty boy. ODNM+#} `
4. 表语位于句首
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Especially remarkable was his flat nose. pfA|I*`XV
Not far from here is a famous university. Ai =s e2
5. so,nor, neither, no more 位于句首,代表前文 hV8[@&Sx3
She wasn’t angry, and neither was I. r@h5w_9
Peter doesn’t like pop music. No more does his brother. Wu c S:8#|
6. 分词短语位于句首（分词+be +主语） oTU!R ,
Gone forever were the days that we depended on foreign oil. |[<_GQl
部分倒装 \o}xF@sM5
1. 疑问句 TN!j13,
2. 否定副词(seldom, rarely, scarcely, hardly, little, never, few, not until, not only) 位于句首（作形容词时例外） 0%&1\rm+j
Never did John speak rudely to his parents. d
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3. “only+状语”位于句首 *}F3M\
Only when he comes back can be leave. ieDk ;
4. “hardly…when”, “scarcely…when”, “no sooner…than”, “not only…(but also)” 位于句首 QUq_:t+Dv
No sooner had he got into the classroom than the class began. Zd^rNHhA
5. not,no组成的词组位于句首(in no way, under no circumstances, on no account…) H*RC@O_hv
By no means should you break the rules. >Wm `v.-
At no time should we give in to difficulties. Xb:;<
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6. 虚拟倒装(had, were, should放到句首) jSD#X3qp
7. “形容词/名词/动词+as/though（尽管,虽然）+be动词” [w>
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Small though the room is, it can hold more than twenty people. ~("5y G
Search as they would, they could find nothing in the house. X[*<NN
